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Wang H, Li H, Lee CK, Mat Nanyan NS, Tay GS. A systematic review on utilization of biodiesel-derived crude glycerol in sustainable polymers preparation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129536. [PMID: 38278390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development of biodiesel, biodiesel-derived glycerol has become a promising renewable bioresource. The key to utilizing this bioresource lies in the value-added conversion of crude glycerol. While purifying crude glycerol into a pure form allows for diverse applications, the intricate nature of this process renders it costly and environmentally stressful. Consequently, technology facilitating the direct utilization of unpurified crude glycerol holds significant importance. It has been reported that crude glycerol can be bio-transformed or chemically converted into high-value polymers. These technologies provide cost-effective alternatives for polymer production while contributing to a more sustainable biodiesel industry. This review article describes the global production and quality characteristics of biodiesel-derived glycerol and investigates the influencing factors and treatment of the composition of crude glycerol including water, methanol, soap, matter organic non-glycerol, and ash. Additionally, this review also focused on the advantages and challenges of various technologies for converting crude glycerol into polymers, considering factors such as the compatibility of crude glycerol and the control of unfavorable factors. Lastly, the application prospect and value of crude glycerol conversion were discussed from the aspects of economy and environmental protection. The development of new technologies for the increased use of crude glycerol as a renewable feedstock for polymer production will be facilitated by the findings of this review, while promoting mass market applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
| | - Hongpeng Li
- Tangshan Jinlihai Biodiesel Co. Ltd., 063000 Tangshan, China
| | - Chee Keong Lee
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia; School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
| | - Noreen Suliani Mat Nanyan
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia; School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
| | - Guan Seng Tay
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia; Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia.
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Wang XL, Zhou JJ, Liu S, Sun YQ, Xiu ZL. In situ carbon dioxide capture to co-produce 1,3-propanediol, biohydrogen and micro-nano calcium carbonate from crude glycerol by Clostridium butyricum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:91. [PMID: 36057610 PMCID: PMC9440576 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Climate change caused by greenhouse gas emission has become a global hot topic. Although biotechnology is considered as an environmentally friendly method to produce chemicals, almost all biochemicals face carbon dioxide emission from inevitable respiration and energy metabolism of most microorganisms. To cater for the broad prospect of biochemicals, bioprocess optimization of diverse valuable products is becoming increasingly important for environmental sustainability and cleaner production. Based on Ca(OH)2 as a CO2 capture agent and pH regulator, a bioprocess was proposed for co-production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), biohydrogen and micro-nano CaCO3 by Clostridium butyricum DL07. Results In fed-batch fermentation, the maximum concentration of 1,3-PDO reached up to 88.6 g/L with an overall productivity of 5.54 g/L/h. This productivity is 31.9% higher than the highest value previously reports (4.20 g/L/h). In addition, the ratio of H2 to CO2 in exhaust gas showed a remarkable 152-fold increase in the 5 M Ca(OH)2 group compared to 5 M NaOH as the CO2 capture agent. Green hydrogen in exhaust gas ranged between 17.2% and 20.2%, with the remainder being N2 with negligible CO2 emissions. During CO2 capture in situ, micro-nano calcite particles of CaCO3 with sizes in the range of 300 nm to 20 µm were formed simultaneously. Moreover, when compared with 5M NaOH group, the concentrations of soluble salts and proteins in the fermentation broth of 5 M Ca(OH)2 group were notably reduced by 53.6% and 44.1%, respectively. The remarkable reduction of soluble salts and proteins would contribute to the separation of 1,3-PDO. Conclusions Ca(OH)2 was used as a CO2 capture agent and pH regulator in this study to promote the production of 1,3-PDO. Meanwhile, micro-nano CaCO3 and green H2 were co-produced. In addition, the soluble salts and proteins in the fermentation broth were significantly reduced. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02190-2.
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Ahmad MS, Ab Rahim MH, Alqahtani TM, Witoon T, Lim JW, Cheng CK. A review on advances in green treatment of glycerol waste with a focus on electro-oxidation pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130128. [PMID: 33714877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, research efforts are being devoted into utilizing the biomass waste as a major source of green energy to maintain the economic, environmental, and social sustainability. Specifically, there is an emerging consensus on the significance of glycerol (an underutilised waste from biodiesel industry) as a cheap, non-toxic, and renewable source for valuable chemicals synthesis. There are numerous methods enacted to convert this glycerol waste to tartronic acid, mesoxalic acid, glyceraldehyde, dihydroxyacetone, oxalic acid and so on. Among these, the green electro-oxidation technique is one of the techniques that possesses potential for industrial application due to advantages such as non-toxicity process, fast response, and lower energy consumption. The current review covers the general understanding on commonly used techniques for alcohol (C1 & C2) conversion, with a specific insight on glycerol (C3) electro-oxidation (GOR). Since catalysts are the backbone of chemical reaction, they are responsible for the overall economy prospect of any processes. To this end, a comprehensive review on catalysts, which include noble metals, non-noble metals, and non-metals anchored over various supports are incorporated in this review. Moreover, a fundamental insight into the development of future electrocatalysts for glycerol oxidation along with products analysis is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sheraz Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hasbi Ab Rahim
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia
| | | | - Thongthai Witoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jun-Wei Lim
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Chin Kui Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Chilakamarry CR, Sakinah AMM, Zularisam AW, Pandey A. Glycerol waste to value added products and its potential applications. SYSTEMS MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOMANUFACTURING 2021; 1:378-396. [PMID: 38624889 PMCID: PMC8182736 DOI: 10.1007/s43393-021-00036-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid industrial and economic development runs on fossil fuel and other energy sources. Limited oil reserves, environmental issues, and high transportation costs lead towards carbon unbiased renewable and sustainable fuel. Compared to other carbon-based fuels, biodiesel is attracted worldwide as a biofuel for the reduction of global dependence on fossil fuels and the greenhouse effect. During biodiesel production, approximately 10% of glycerol is formed in the transesterification process in a biodiesel plant. The ditching of crude glycerol is important as it contains salt, free fatty acids, and methanol that cause contamination of soil and creates environmental challenges for researchers. However, the excessive cost of crude glycerol refining and market capacity encourage the biodiesel industries for developing a new idea for utilising and produced extra sources of income and treat biodiesel waste. This review focuses on the significance of crude glycerol in the value-added utilisation and conversion to bioethanol by a fermentation process and describes the opportunities of glycerol in various applications. Graphic abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya Reddy Chilakamarry
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan , Malaysia 26300
| | - A. M. Mimi Sakinah
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan , Malaysia 26300
| | - A. W. Zularisam
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology , Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Kuantan , Malaysia 26300
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001 India
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Cultivation Method Effect on Schizochytrium sp. Biomass Growth and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Production with the Use of Waste Glycerol as a Source of Organic Carbon. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inexpensive carbon sources offering an alternative to glucose are searched for to reduce costs of docosahexaenoic acid production by microalgae. The use of waste glycerol seems substantiated and prospective in this case. The objective of this study was to determine the production yield of heterotrophic microalgae Schizochytrium sp. biomass and the efficiency of docosahexaenoic acid production in various types of cultures with waste glycerol. Cultivation conditions were optimized using the Plackett–Burman method and Response Surface Methodology. The highest technological performance was obtained in the fed-batch culture, where the concentration of Schizochytrium sp. biomass reached 103.44 ± 1.50 g/dm3, the lipid concentration in Schizochytrium sp. biomass was at 48.85 ± 0.81 g/dm3, and the docosahexaenoic acid concentration at 21.98 ± 0.36 g/dm3. The highest docosahexaenoic acid content, accounting for 61.76 ± 3.77% of total fatty acids, was determined in lipid bodies of the Schizochytrium sp. biomass produced in the batch culture, whereas the lowest one, accounting for 44.99 ± 2.12% of total fatty acids, in those of the biomass grown in the fed-batch culture.
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Wang Q, Han W, Jin W, Gao S, Zhou X. Docosahexaenoic acid production by Schizochytrium sp.: review and prospect. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2021.1908900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgae Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Han
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgae Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbiao Jin
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgae Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Shuhong Gao
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgae Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgae Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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A Focus on the Transformation Processes for the Valorization of Glycerol Derived from the Production Cycle of Biofuels. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol is a valuable by-product in the biodiesel industries. However, the increase in biodiesel production resulted in an excess production of glycerol, with a limited market compared to its availability. Precisely because glycerol became a waste to be disposed of, the costs of biodiesel production have reduced. From an environmental point of view, identifying reactions that can convert glycerol into new products that can be reused in different applications has become a real necessity. According to the unique structural characteristics of glycerol, transformation processes can lead to different chemical functionalities through redox reactions, dehydration, esterification, and etherification, with the formation of products that can be applied both at the finest chemical level and to bulk chemistry.
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Kothri M, Mavrommati M, Elazzazy AM, Baeshen MN, Moussa TAA, Aggelis G. Microbial sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and the prospect of organic residues and wastes as growth media for PUFA-producing microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5735438. [PMID: 32053204 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of non-fish sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is of great biotechnological importance. Although various oleaginous microalgae and fungi are able of accumulating storage lipids (single cell oils - SCOs) containing PUFAs, the industrial applications utilizing these organisms are rather limited due to the high-fermentation cost. However, combining SCO production with other biotechnological applications, including waste and by-product valorization, can overcome this difficulty. In the current review, we present the major sources of fungi (i.e. members of Mucoromycota, fungoid-like Thraustochytrids and genetically modified strains of Yarrowia lipolytica) and microalgae (e.g. Isochrysis, NannochloropsisandTetraselmis) that have come recently to the forefront due to their ability to produce PUFAs. Approaches adopted in order to increase PUFA productivity and the potential of using various residues, such as agro-industrial, food and aquaculture wastes as fermentation substrates for SCO production have been considered and discussed. We concluded that several organic residues can be utilized as feedstock in the SCO production increasing the competitiveness of oleaginous organisms against conventional PUFA producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kothri
- Unit of Microbiology, Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Mavrommati
- Unit of Microbiology, Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Ahmed M Elazzazy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, 23218 Jeddah, Saudi Arabi.,Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed N Baeshen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, 23218 Jeddah, Saudi Arabi
| | - Tarek A A Moussa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, 23218 Jeddah, Saudi Arabi.,Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - George Aggelis
- Unit of Microbiology, Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, 23218 Jeddah, Saudi Arabi
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Diao J, Song X, Guo T, Wang F, Chen L, Zhang W. Cellular engineering strategies toward sustainable omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids production: State of the art and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Fungi (Mold)-Based Lipid Production. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 31148121 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9484-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for the development of alternative energy sources with a focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and striving toward a sustainable economy. Bioethanol and biodiesel are currently the primary choices of alternative transportation fuels. At present, biodiesel is not competitive with conventional fuel due to its high price, and the only way to compete with conventional fuel is to improve the quality, reduce the costs, and coproduce value-added products. With the high demand for lipids in the energy sector and other industrial applications, microbial lipids accumulated from microorganisms, especially oleaginous fungi and yeasts have been the important topic of many recent research studies. This chapter summarizes the current status of knowledge and technology about lipid production by oleaginous fungi and yeasts for biofuel applications and other value-added products. The chapter focuses on several aspects such as the most promising oleaginous strains, strain development, improvement of lipid production, methods and protocols to cultivate oleaginous fungi, substrate utilization, fermentation process design, and downstream processing. The feasibility and challenges during the large-scale commercial production of microbial lipids as fuel sources are also discussed. It provides an overview of microbial lipid production biorefinery and also future development directions.
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Yen HW, Palanisamy G, Su GC. The Influences of Supplemental Vegetable Oils on the Growth and β-carotene Accumulation of Oleaginous Yeast-Rhodotorula glutinis. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Fernandes BS, Dias O, Costa G, Kaupert Neto AA, Resende TFC, Oliveira JVC, Riaño-Pachón DM, Zaiat M, Pradella JGC, Rocha I. Genome-wide sequencing and metabolic annotation of Pythium irregulare CBS 494.86: understanding Eicosapentaenoic acid production. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:41. [PMID: 31253157 PMCID: PMC6598237 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pythium irregulare is an oleaginous Oomycete able to accumulate large amounts of lipids, including Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). EPA is an important and expensive dietary supplement with a promising and very competitive market, which is dependent on fish-oil extraction. This has prompted several research groups to study biotechnological routes to obtain specific fatty acids rather than a mixture of various lipids. Moreover, microorganisms can use low cost carbon sources for lipid production, thus reducing production costs. Previous studies have highlighted the production of EPA by P. irregulare, exploiting diverse low cost carbon sources that are produced in large amounts, such as vinasse, glycerol, and food wastewater. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about its biosynthetic pathways, because no functional annotation of any Pythium sp. exists yet. The goal of this work was to identify key genes and pathways related to EPA biosynthesis, in P. irregulare CBS 494.86, by sequencing and performing an unprecedented annotation of its genome, considering the possibility of using wastewater as a carbon source. RESULTS Genome sequencing provided 17,727 candidate genes, with 3809 of them associated with enzyme code and 945 with membrane transporter proteins. The functional annotation was compared with curated information of oleaginous organisms, understanding amino acids and fatty acids production, and consumption of carbon and nitrogen sources, present in the wastewater. The main features include the presence of genes related to the consumption of several sugars and candidate genes of unsaturated fatty acids production. CONCLUSIONS The whole metabolic genome presented, which is an unprecedented reconstruction of P. irregulare CBS 494.86, shows its potential to produce value-added products, in special EPA, for food and pharmaceutical industries, moreover it infers metabolic capabilities of the microorganism by incorporating information obtained from literature and genomic data, supplying information of great importance to future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna S Fernandes
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Oscar Dias
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Gisela Costa
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Antonio A Kaupert Neto
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE), Brazilian Centre of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago F C Resende
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Juliana V C Oliveira
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory (CTBE), Brazilian Centre of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego M Riaño-Pachón
- Computational, Evolutionary and Systems Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zaiat
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Isabel Rocha
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal.
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Production of High-Value Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Using Microbial Cultures. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31148133 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9484-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbes can produce not only commodity fatty acids, such as palmitic acid (16:0) and stearic acid (18:0), but also high-value fatty acids (essential fatty acids). Most high value fatty acids belong to long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as omega-3 fatty acids (e.g., eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) and omega-6 fatty acids (e.g., arachidonic acid (ARA) and γ-linolenic acid (GLA)). EPA (20:5n-3) is a 20-carbon fatty acid with five double bonds, and the first double bond is in the n-3 position. DHA (22:6n-3) is a 22-carbon fatty acid with 6 double bonds and the first double bond is also in the n-3 position. Both EPA and DHA play an essential role in cardiovascular health including prevention of atherosclerotic disease development (Zehr and Walker, Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 134:131-140, 2018). ARA (20:4n-6) is a 20-carbon fatty acid with four double bonds, and the first double bond is in the n-6 position. GLA (18:3n-6) is an 18-carbon fatty acid with three double bonds, and the first double bond is in the n-6 position. ARA and GLA have multiple biological effects, such as lowering blood cholesterol, and lowering cardiovascular mortality (Poli and Visioli, Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 117(11):1847-1852, 2015). This chapter provides details on microbial production of EAP, DHA, ARA, and GLA.
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Yen HW, Hu CY, Liang WS. A cost efficient way to obtain lipid accumulation in the oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula glutinis using supplemental waste cooking oils (WCO). J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Hassanpour M, Cai G, Gebbie LK, Speight RE, Junior Te'o VS, O'Hara IM, Zhang Z. Co-utilization of acidified glycerol pretreated-sugarcane bagasse for microbial oil production by a novel Rhodosporidium strain. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:217-228. [PMID: 32625004 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidified glycerol pretreatment is very effective to deconstruct lignocellulosics for producing glucose. Co-utilization of pretreated biomass and residual glycerol to bioproducts could reduce the costs associated with biomass wash and solvent recovery. In this study, a novel strain Rhodosporidium toruloides RP 15, isolated from sugarcane bagasse, was selected and tested for coconversion of pretreated biomass and residual glycerol to microbial oils. In the screening trails, Rh. toruloides RP 15 demonstrated the highest oil production capacity on glucose, xylose, and glycerol among the 10 strains. At the optimal C:N molar ratio of 140:1, this strain accumulated 56.7, 38.3, and 54.7% microbial oils based on dry cell biomass with 30 g/L glucose, xylose, and glycerol, respectively. Furthermore, sugarcane bagasse medium containing 32.6 g/L glucose from glycerol-pretreated bagasse and 23.4 g/L glycerol from pretreatment hydrolysate were used to produce microbial oils by Rh. toruloides RP 15. Under the preliminary conditions without pH control, this strain produced 7.7 g/L oil with an oil content of 59.8%, which was comparable or better than those achieved with a synthetic medium. In addition, this strain also produced 3.5 mg/L carotenoid as a by-product. It is expected that microbial oil production can be significantly improved through process optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Hassanpour
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Guiqin Cai
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Leigh K Gebbie
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Robert E Speight
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Valentino S Junior Te'o
- School of Earth Environmental and Biological Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Ian M O'Hara
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD Australia
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Diwan B, Parkhey P, Gupta P. From agro-industrial wastes to single cell oils: a step towards prospective biorefinery. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018; 63:547-568. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chen J, Yan S, Zhang X, Tyagi RD, Surampalli RY, Valéro JR. Chemical and biological conversion of crude glycerol derived from waste cooking oil to biodiesel. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 71:164-175. [PMID: 29097125 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, crude, purified, and pure glycerol were used to cultivate Trichosporon oleaginosus for lipid production which was then used as feedstock of biodiesel production. The purified glycerol was obtained from crude glycerol by removing soap with addition of H3PO4 which converted soap to free fatty acids and then separated from the solution. The results showed that purified glycerol provided similar performance as pure glycerol in lipid accumulation; however, crude glycerol as carbon source had negatively impacted the lipid production of T. oleaginosus. Purified glycerol was later used to determine the optimal glycerol concentration for lipid production. The highest lipid yield 0.19g/g glycerol was obtained at 50g/L purified glycerol in which the biomass concentration and lipid content were 10.75g/L and 47% w/w, respectively. An energy gain of 4150.51MJ could be obtained with 1tonne of the crude glycerol employed for biodiesel production through the process proposed in this study. The biodiesel production cost estimated was 6.32US$/gal. Fatty acid profiles revealed that C16:0 and C18:1 were the major compounds of the biodiesel from the lipid produced by T. oleaginosus cultivated with crude and purified glycerol. The study found that purified glycerol was promising carbon source for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China; INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Song Yan
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China.
| | | | - Rao Y Surampalli
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, N104 SEC, PO Box 886105, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, USA
| | - J R Valéro
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
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Role of Fungi in Biorefinery: A Perspective. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90379-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Utilization of Crude Glycerol from Biodiesel Industry for the Production of Value-Added Bioproducts. ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT, AND SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7431-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Luo Z, Miao J, Luo W, Li G, Du Y, Yu X. Crude glycerol from biodiesel as a carbon source for production of a recombinant highly thermostable β-mannanase by Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 40:135-141. [PMID: 29027044 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore an efficient use of crude glycerol for the production of a highly thermostable β-mannanase (ReTMan26) by Pichia pastoris X33. RESULTS Cell growth was significantly inhibited by 4 and 6% (w/v) crude glycerol in 250 ml shake-flasks and in 5 l bioreactor batch cultures, respectively, but not affected by pure glycerol at the same concentrations. For further study, the impact of various impurities in crude glycerol on the cell growth of, and ReTMan26 production by, Pichia pastoris was investigated. Salts and methanol did not exert an inhibitory effect, but ≥ 0.2% and 0.3% (w/v) soap in shake-flask and bioreactor cultures, respectively, inhibited fermentation. Under identical conditions, the biomass and ReTMan26 activity produced by high-cell-density fermentation using 5% crude glycerol (glycerol at 80%, w/w) were slightly higher than those using 4% (w/v) pure glycerol. CONCLUSIONS Non-pretreated ≤ 5% (w/v) crude glycerol could be effectively utilized for industrial production of ReTMan26, and the total production costs using crude glycerol were ~ 4.2% lower than those using pure glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangcai Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jing Miao
- School of Biological Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Guoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yao Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaobin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Bhattacharya S, Dubey S, Singh P, Shrivastava A, Mishra S. Biodegradable Polymeric Substances Produced by a Marine Bacterium from a Surplus Stream of the Biodiesel Industry. Bioengineering (Basel) 2016; 3:bioengineering3040034. [PMID: 28952596 PMCID: PMC5597277 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering3040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crude glycerol is generated as a by-product during transesterification process and during hydrolysis of fat in the soap-manufacturing process, and poses a problem for waste management. In the present approach, an efficient process was designed for simultaneous production of 0.2 g/L extracellular ε-polylysine and 64.6% (w/w) intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) in the same fermentation broth (1 L shake flask) utilizing Jatropha biodiesel waste residues as carbon rich source by marine bacterial strain (Bacillus licheniformis PL26), isolated from west coast of India. The synthesized ε-polylysine and polyhydroxyalkanoate PHA by Bacillus licheniformis PL26 was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The PHA produced by Bacillus licheniformis was found to be poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (P3HB-co-3HV). The developed process needs to be statistically optimized further for gaining still better yield of both the products in an efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourish Bhattacharya
- Process Design and Engineering Cell, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India.
| | - Sonam Dubey
- Salt and Marine Chemicals, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India.
| | - Priyanka Singh
- DTU BIOSUSTAIN, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| | - Anupama Shrivastava
- Research & Product Development, Algallio Biotech Private Limited, Vadodara 390020, India.
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- Salt and Marine Chemicals, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India.
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Yang S, Zhang H. Enhanced polyunsaturated fatty acids production in Mortierella alpina by SSF and the enrichment in chicken breasts. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:30842. [PMID: 27745585 PMCID: PMC5065997 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.30842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and soybean meal were used as the substrates for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in solid-state fermentation (SSF) by Mortierella alpine. These fermented products were fed to laying hens. PUFA enrichment from chicken breasts was studied. METHODS The maximum productivity of PUFA was achieved under optimized process condition, including 1% w/w yeast extract as additive, an incubation period of 5 days at 12°C, 10% v/w inoculum level, 75% moisture content, and pH 6.0. The hens were then fed with ration containing soybean DDGS, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, and peanut oil. The control group was fed with basal ration. RESULTS Under the optimal condition, M. alpine produced total fatty acids (TFA) of 182.34 mg/g dry substrate. It has better mycelial growth when soybean meal was added to DDGS (SDDGS). PUFA in fermentation product increased with higher soybean meal content. The addition of 70% soybean meal to DDGS substrate yielded 175.16 mg of TFA, including 2.49 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 5.26 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The ratios of ω-6/ω-3 found in chicken breasts fat were all lower than that found in control by 36.98, 31.51, 18.15, and 12.63% for SDDGS, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, and peanut oil, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study identified an optimized SSF process to maximize PUFA productivity by M. alpine as the strain. This PUFA-enriched feed increased the PUFA contents as well as the proportions of ω-6 and ω-3 in chicken breasts and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Yang
- The College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China;
| | - Hui Zhang
- Physical and Chemical Test Center, Zhejiang Institute of Quality Inspection Science, Hangzhou, China;
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Luo X, Ge X, Cui S, Li Y. Value-added processing of crude glycerol into chemicals and polymers. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 215:144-154. [PMID: 27004448 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Crude glycerol is a low-value byproduct which is primarily obtained from the biodiesel production process. Its composition is significantly different from that of pure glycerol. Crude glycerol usually contains various impurities, such as water, methanol, soap, fatty acids, and fatty acid methyl esters. Considerable efforts have been devoted to finding applications for converting crude glycerol into high-value products, such as biofuels, chemicals, polymers, and animal feed, to improve the economic viability of the biodiesel industry and overcome environmental challenges associated with crude glycerol disposal. This article reviews recent advances of biological and chemical technologies for value-added processing of crude glycerol into chemicals and polymers, and provides strategies for addressing production challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Luo
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
| | - Xumeng Ge
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
| | - Shaoqing Cui
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
| | - Yebo Li
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA.
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Application of a delta-6 desaturase with α-linolenic acid preference on eicosapentaenoic acid production in Mortierella alpina. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:117. [PMID: 27364006 PMCID: PMC4929779 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Delta-6 desaturase (FADS6) is a key bifunctional enzyme desaturating linoleic acid (LA) or α-linolenic acid (ALA) in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In previous work, we analyzed the substrate specificity of two FADS6 enzymes from Mortierella alpina ATCC 32222 (MaFADS6) and Micromonas pusilla CCMP1545 (MpFADS6), which showed preference for LA and ALA, respectively. We also clarified the PUFA profiles in M. alpina, where these lipids were synthesized mainly via the ω6 pathway and rarely via the ω3 pathway and as a result contained low ALA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels. Result To enhance EPA production in M. alpina by favoring the ω3 pathway, a plasmid harboring the MpFADS6 gene was constructed and overexpressed in a uracil-auxotrophic strain of M. alpina using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) method. Our results revealed that the EPA production reached 80.0 ± 15.0 and 90.4 ± 9.7 mg/L in MpFADS6 transformants grown at 28 and at 12 °C, respectively. To raise the level of ALA, free form fatty acid was used as exogenous substrate, which increased the EPA production up to 114.5 ± 12.4 mg/L. To reduce the cost of EPA production in M. alpina, peony seed oil (PSO) and peony seed meal (PSM) were used as source of ALA, and EPA production was improved to 149.3 ± 7.8 and 515.29 ± 32.66 mg/L by supplementing with 0.1 % PSO and 50 g/L PSM, respectively. The EPA yield was further increased to 588.5 ± 29.6 mg/L in a 5-L bioreactor, which resulted in a 26.2-fold increase compared to EPA production in wild-type M. alpina. In this work, we have significantly enhanced EPA production through overexpression of a FADS6 desaturase with preference for ALA, combined with supplementation of its substrate. Conclusion An ALA-preferring FADS6 from M. pusilla CCMP1545 was applied to enhance EPA production in M. alpina. By exogenous addition of peony seed oil or peony seed meal, EPA production was further increased in flasks and fermenters. This research also highlights the value of peony seed meal which can be converted to a high value-added product containing EPA, and as a way to increase the EPA/AA ratio in M. alpina. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0516-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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26
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Yen HW, Hsu CY, Chen PW. An integrated system of autotrophic Chlorella vulgaris cultivation using CO2 from the aerobic cultivation process of Rhodotorula glutinis. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Kalia VC, Prakash J, Koul S. Biorefinery for Glycerol Rich Biodiesel Industry Waste. Indian J Microbiol 2016; 56:113-25. [PMID: 27570302 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-016-0583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The biodiesel industry has the potential to meet the fuel requirements in the future. A few inherent lacunae of this bioprocess are the effluent, which is 10 % of the actual product, and the fact that it is 85 % glycerol along with a few impurities. Biological treatments of wastes have been known as a dependable and economical direction of overseeing them and bring some value added products as well. A novel eco-biotechnological strategy employs metabolically diverse bacteria, which ensures higher reproducibility and economics. In this article, we have opined, which organisms and what bioproducts should be the focus, while exploiting glycerol as feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India ; Academy for Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110001 India
| | - Jyotsana Prakash
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India ; Academy for Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110001 India
| | - Shikha Koul
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India ; Academy for Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110001 India
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Yen HW, Liao YT, Liu YX. Cultivation of oleaginous Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in airlift bioreactor by using seawater. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 121:209-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zheng XJ, Jin KQ, Zhang L, Wang G, Liu YP. Effects of oxygen transfer coefficient on dihydroxyacetone production from crude glycerol. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:129-35. [PMID: 26887235 PMCID: PMC4822758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the kinetics of dihydroxyacetone production by Gluconobacter frateurii CGMCC 5397 under different oxygen volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) conditions in submerged bioreactors using biodiesel-derived crude glycerol as the carbon source. kLa is a key fermentation parameter for the production of dihydroxyacetone. Cultivations were conducted in baffled- and unbaffled-flask cultures (the kLa values were 24.32 h−1 and 52.05 h−1, respectively) and fed-batch cultures (the kLa values were held at 18.21 h−1, 46.03 h−1, and 82.14 h−1) to achieve high dihydroxyacetone concentration and productivity. The results showed that a high kLa could dramatically increase dihydroxyacetone concentrations and productivities. The baffled-flask culture (with a kLa of 52.05 h−1) favored glycerol utilization and dihydroxyacetone production, and a dihydroxyacetone concentration as high as 131.16 g/L was achieved. When the kLa was set to 82.14 h−1 in the fed-batch culture, the dihydroxyacetone concentration, productivity and yield were 175.44 g/L, 7.96 g/L/h and 0.89 g/g, respectively, all of which were significantly higher than those in previous studies and will benefit dihydroxyacetone industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Zheng
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Kui-Qi Jin
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Yu-Peng Liu
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China.
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Abad S, Turon X. Biotechnological Production of Docosahexaenoic Acid Using Aurantiochytrium limacinum: Carbon Sources Comparison And Growth Characterization. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:7275-84. [PMID: 26690180 PMCID: PMC4699237 DOI: 10.3390/md13127064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurantiochytrium limacinum, a marine heterotrophic protist/microalga has shown interesting yields of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) when cultured with different carbon sources: glucose, pure and crude glycerol. A complete study in a lab-scale fermenter allowed for the characterization and comparison of the growth kinetic parameters corresponding to each carbon source. Artificial Marine Medium (AMM) with glucose, pure and crude glycerol offered similar biomass yields. The net growth rates (0.10–0.12 h−1), biomass (0.7–0.8 g cells/g Substrate) and product (0.14–0.15 g DHA/g cells) yields, as well as DHA productivity were similar using the three carbon sources. Viable potential applications to valorize crude glycerol are envisioned to avoid an environmental problem due to the excess of byproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Abad
- Bioengineering Department, IQS, Ramon Llull University, Via Augusta 390, Barcelona 08017, Spain.
| | - Xavier Turon
- Bioengineering Department, IQS, Ramon Llull University, Via Augusta 390, Barcelona 08017, Spain.
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Garlapati VK, Shankar U, Budhiraja A. Bioconversion technologies of crude glycerol to value added industrial products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 9:9-14. [PMID: 28352587 PMCID: PMC5360980 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Crude glycerol that is produced as the by-product from biodiesel, has to be effectively utilized to contribute to the viability of biodiesel. Crude glycerol in large amounts can pose a threat to the environment. Therefore, there is a need to convert this crude glycerol into valued added products using biotechnological processes, which brings new revenue to biodiesel producers. Crude glycerol can serve as a feedstock for biopolymers, poly unsaturated fatty acids, ethanol, hydrogen and n-butanol production and as a raw material for different value added industrial products. Hence, in this review we have presented different bioconversion technologies of glycerol to value added industrial products.
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Comparison of Different Strategies for Selection/Adaptation of Mixed Microbial Cultures Able to Ferment Crude Glycerol Derived from Second-Generation Biodiesel. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:932934. [PMID: 26509171 PMCID: PMC4609794 DOI: 10.1155/2015/932934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective of this study was the selection and adaptation of mixed microbial cultures (MMCs), able to ferment crude glycerol generated from animal fat-based biodiesel and produce building-blocks and green chemicals. Various adaptation strategies have been investigated for the enrichment of suitable and stable MMC, trying to overcome inhibition problems and enhance substrate degradation efficiency, as well as generation of soluble fermentation products. Repeated transfers in small batches and fed-batch conditions have been applied, comparing the use of different inoculum, growth media, and Kinetic Control. The adaptation of activated sludge inoculum was performed successfully and continued unhindered for several months. The best results showed a substrate degradation efficiency of almost 100% (about 10 g/L glycerol in 21 h) and different dominant metabolic products were obtained, depending on the selection strategy (mainly 1,3-propanediol, ethanol, or butyrate). On the other hand, anaerobic sludge exhibited inactivation after a few transfers. To circumvent this problem, fed-batch mode was used as an alternative adaptation strategy, which led to effective substrate degradation and high 1,3-propanediol and butyrate production. Changes in microbial composition were monitored by means of Next Generation Sequencing, revealing a dominance of glycerol consuming species, such as Clostridium, Klebsiella, and Escherichia.
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Okuda T, Ando A, Negoro H, Muratsubaki T, Kikukawa H, Sakamoto T, Sakuradani E, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production by an oleaginous fungusMortierella alpinaexpressing heterologous the Δ17-desaturase gene under ordinary temperature. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Okuda
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Akinori Ando
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
- Research Unit for the Physiological Chemistry; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroaki Negoro
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Tatsuya Muratsubaki
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kikukawa
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Takaiku Sakamoto
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Eiji Sakuradani
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
- Institute of Technology and Science; The University of Tokushima; Tokushima Japan
| | - Sakayu Shimizu
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science; Kyoto Gakuen University; Sogabe-cho; Kameoka Kyoto Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
- Research Unit for the Physiological Chemistry; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
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Gong Y, Liu J, Jiang M, Liang Z, Jin H, Hu X, Wan X, Hu C. Improvement of Omega-3 Docosahexaenoic Acid Production by Marine Dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii Using Rapeseed Meal Hydrolysate and Waste Molasses as Feedstock. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125368. [PMID: 25942565 PMCID: PMC4420278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed meal and waste molasses are two important agro-industrial by-products which are produced in large quantities. In this study, solid state fermentation and fungal autolysis were performed to produce rapeseed meal hydrolysate (RMH) using fungal strains of Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium oxalicum and Neurospora crassa. The hydrolysate was used as fermentation feedstock for heterotrophic growth of microalga Crypthecodinium cohnii that produce docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The addition of waste molasses as a supplementary carbon source greatly increased the biomass and DHA yield. In the batch fermentations using media composed of diluted RMH (7%) and 1-9% waste molasses, the highest biomass concentration and DHA yield reached 3.43 g/L and 8.72 mg/L, respectively. The algal biomass produced from RMH and molasses medium also had a high percentage of DHA (22-34%) in total fatty acids similar to that of commercial algal biomass. RMH was shown to be rich in nitrogen supply comparable to the commercial nitrogen feedstock like yeast extract. Using RMH as sole nitrogen source, waste molasses excelled other carbon sources and produced the highest concentration of biomass. This study suggests that DHA production of the marine dinoflagellate C. cohnii could be greatly improved by concomitantly using the cheap by-products rapeseed meal hydrolysate and molasses as alternative feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Mulan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hu Jin
- Hubei Key laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XW); (CH)
| | - Chuanjiong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XW); (CH)
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35
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Yen HW, Chang JT. Growth of oleaginous Rhodotorula glutinis in an internal-loop airlift bioreactor by using lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate as the carbon source. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 119:580-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Yen HW, Liao YT, Liu YX. The growth of oleaginous Rhodotorula glutinis in an airlift bioreactor on crude glycerol through a non-sterile fermentation process. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1541-6. [PMID: 25835228 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
While the use of oleaginous Rhodotorula glutinis as a feedstock for biodiesel production is an attractive idea, as it can avoid the pollutions associated with over-consumption of fossil fuels. Nevertheless, the related costs, including the energy required for sterilization, remain a barrier to commercialization. This study thus used a low-pH non-sterile medium, instead of a completely sterilized one, to grow R. glutinis in a 5-L airlift bioreactor. The results show that R. glutinis can grow well at a low pH level of 4.0 and without sterilization of the medium, producing a final biomass of 11.7 g/L. Nevertheless, such a low pH will lead to fewer total lipids accumulation, and so a two-stage process of pH control in a non-sterile batch was proposed. Even this two-stage pH operation was also able to produce a similar final biomass of 11.7 g/L. However, the batch with two-stage pH control had a far higher lipid content of 55 ± 4% as compared to that of 21 ± 3% in the batch grown at pH 4.0. This study shows the potential of the proposed non-sterile process with two-stage pH control applied to the growth of R. glutinis to enhance the total lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Yen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, 407, Taichung, Taiwan,
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37
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The effects of feeding criteria on the growth of oleaginous yeast—Rhodotorula glutinis in a pilot-scale airlift bioreactor. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Abd Rahim MH, Hasan H, Montoya A, Abbas A. Lovastatin and (+)-geodin production by Aspergillus terreusfrom crude glycerol. Eng Life Sci 2015; 15:220-228. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201400140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Hafiz Abd Rahim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
- Department of Food Science; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Serdang Malaysia
| | - Hanan Hasan
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
- Department of Food Science; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Serdang Malaysia
| | - Alejandro Montoya
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
| | - Ali Abbas
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
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39
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Liu F, Cao G, Guan Z, Liao X, Cai Y. Use of Cottonseed Meal for Producing Eicosapentaenoic Acid by Pythium irregulare. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-014-2576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Recycling biodiesel-derived glycerol by the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides Y4 through the two-stage lipid production process. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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41
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Application of airlift bioreactor for the cultivation of aerobic oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula glutinis with different aeration rates. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 118:195-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Statistical approach for production of PUFA from Kocuria sp. BRI 35 isolated from marine water sample. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:570925. [PMID: 25032215 PMCID: PMC4074494 DOI: 10.1155/2014/570925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Plackett-Burman design was used to identify the most influential parameters affecting PUFA production by Kocuria sp. BRI 35 isolated from Antarctic water sample. Amongst 10 variables evaluated, magnesium chloride, protease peptone, glucose, and temperature were significant. Response surface methodology consisting of a central composite design was developed to study the interactions between the variables and to determine optimal values of significant variables. A quadratic model (R = 0.9652, F = 14.64, P < 0.0001) was built. The contour plots indicated that the isolate produced maximum PUFA at lower concentrations of magnesium sulfate (0.9 g/L) and higher concentrations of protease peptone (5 g/L) and glucose (10 g/L) at 15°C. MgSO4 and glucose exhibited quadratic as well as interactive effect on PUFA production whereas protease peptone and temperature showed interactive effects only. After optimization, PUFA production per unit biomass increased from 0.94 mg/g to 11.12 mg/g. This represented an increase from 3% to 58.62% of the total fatty acids. Among PUFAs, the yield of ω-6 fatty acids increased from 9.66 mg/L to 107.71 mg/L with significant increase in linoleic acid (20.36 mg/L) whereas ω-3 fatty acids increased up to 12.37 mg/L with DHA being the major ω-3 fatty acid produced.
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43
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Hu S, Li Y. Polyols and polyurethane foams from acid-catalyzed biomass liquefaction by crude glycerol: Effects of crude glycerol impurities. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Hu
- Department of Food; Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; Wooster Ohio 44691-4096
| | - Yebo Li
- Department of Food; Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; Wooster Ohio 44691-4096
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Abad S, Pérez X, Planas A, Turon X. Rapid monitoring of glycerol in fermentation growth media: Facilitating crude glycerol bioprocess development. Talanta 2014; 121:210-4. [PMID: 24607129 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the need for crude glycerol valorisation from the biodiesel industry has generated many studies for practical and economic applications. Amongst them, fermentations based on glycerol media for the production of high value metabolites are prominent applications. This has generated a need to develop analytical techniques which allow fast and simple glycerol monitoring during fermentation. The methodology should be fast and inexpensive to be adopted in research, as well as in industrial applications. In this study three different methods were analysed and compared: two common methodologies based on liquid chromatography and enzymatic kits, and the new method based on a DotBlot assay coupled with image analysis. The new methodology is faster and cheaper than the other conventional methods, with comparable performance. Good linearity, precision and accuracy were achieved in the lower range (10 or 15 g/L to depletion), the most common range of glycerol concentrations to monitor fermentations in terms of growth kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Abad
- Bioengineering Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull. Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Pérez
- Bioengineering Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull. Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Planas
- Bioengineering Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull. Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Turon
- Bioengineering Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull. Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain.
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45
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Khanna S, Goyal A, Moholkar VS. Effect of fermentation parameters on bio-alcohols production from glycerol using immobilized Clostridium pasteurianum: an optimization study. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 43:828-47. [PMID: 23876141 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2013.805625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This article addresses the issue of effect of fermentation parameters for conversion of glycerol (in both pure and crude form) into three value-added products, namely, ethanol, butanol, and 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), by immobilized Clostridium pasteurianum and thereby addresses the statistical optimization of this process. The analysis of effect of different process parameters such as agitation rate, fermentation temperature, medium pH, and initial glycerol concentration indicated that medium pH was the most critical factor for total alcohols production in case of pure glycerol as fermentation substrate. On the other hand, initial glycerol concentration was the most significant factor for fermentation with crude glycerol. An interesting observation was that the optimized set of fermentation parameters was found to be independent of the type of glycerol (either pure or crude) used. At optimum conditions of agitation rate (200 rpm), initial glycerol concentration (25 g/L), fermentation temperature (30°C), and medium pH (7.0), the total alcohols production was almost equal in anaerobic shake flasks and 2-L bioreactor. This essentially means that at optimum process parameters, the scale of operation does not affect the output of the process. The immobilized cells could be reused for multiple cycles for both pure and crude glycerol fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Khanna
- Center for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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46
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Sarma SJ, Brar SK, Le Bihan Y, Buelna G, Soccol CR. Mitigation of the inhibitory effect of soap by magnesium salt treatment of crude glycerol--a novel approach for enhanced biohydrogen production from the biodiesel industry waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 151:49-53. [PMID: 24189384 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its inhibitory effect on microbial growth, soap present in crude glycerol (CG) is a concern in biological valorization of the biodiesel manufacturing waste. By salting out strategy, up to 42% of the soap has been removed and the approach has beneficial effect on H2 production; however, removal of more than 7% of the soap was found to be inhibitory. Actually, soap is utilized as a co-substrate and due to removal; the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the medium might have decreased to reduce the production. Alternatively, without changing the carbon-nitrogen ratio of CG, MgSO4 treatment can convert the soap to its inactive form (scum). The approach was found to increase the H2 production rate (33.82%), cumulative H2 production (34.70%) as well as glycerol utilization (nearly 2.5-folds). Additionally, the treatment can increase the Mg (a nutrient) content of the medium from 0.57 ppm to 201.92 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Jyoti Sarma
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre-Eau Terre Environnement, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada
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47
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Frontiers of yeast metabolic engineering: diversifying beyond ethanol and Saccharomyces. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 24:1023-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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48
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Microbial Conversion of Waste Glycerol from Biodiesel Production into Value-Added Products. ENERGIES 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/en6094739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Gupta A, Singh D, Barrow CJ, Puri M. Exploring potential use of Australian thraustochytrids for the bioconversion of glycerol to omega-3 and carotenoids production. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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50
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Wu L, Roe CL, Wen Z. The safety assessment of Pythium irregulare as a producer of biomass and eicosapentaenoic acid for use in dietary supplements and food ingredients. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:7579-85. [PMID: 23900800 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6, n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5, n-3), and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4 n-6), have multiple beneficial effects on human health and can be used as an important ingredient in dietary supplements, food, feed and pharmaceuticals. A variety of microorganisms has been used for commercial production of these fatty acids. The microorganisms in the Pythium family, particularly Pythium irregulare, are potential EPA producers. The aim of this work is to provide a safety assessment of P. irregulare so that the EPA derived from this species can be potentially used in various commercial applications. The genus Pythium has been widely recognized as a plant pathogen by infecting roots and colonizing the vascular tissues of various plants such as soybeans, corn and various vegetables. However, the majority of the Pythium species (including P. irregulare) have not been reported to infect mammals including humans. The only species among the Pythium family that infects mammals is P. insidiosum. There also have been no reports showing P. irregulare to contain mycotoxins or cause potentially allergenic responses in humans. Based on the safety assessment, we conclude that P. irregulare can be considered a safe source of biomass and EPA-containing oil for use as ingredients in dietary supplements, food, feed and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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