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Bibi S, Zubair M, Riaz R, Kanwal A, Ali Shah SA. Recent advances in zirconium-based catalysis and its applications in organic synthesis: a review. RSC Adv 2025; 15:15417-15442. [PMID: 40352382 PMCID: PMC12063724 DOI: 10.1039/d5ra01808k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2025] [Accepted: 04/17/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025] Open
Abstract
In recent years, transition metal-catalysed organic synthesis has received great importance. Zirconium, a second-row transition metal, has gained prominence owing to its luster and abundance, but it is more expensive than other transition metals because it is difficult to refine and process. In particular, active zirconia-based catalysts have fascinated researchers owing to their low toxicity, affordability, flexibility and excellent dispersion. This review focuses on the latest zirconium catalysts used in the manufacturing of medicinal compounds, bioactive molecules and pertinent synthesis mechanisms reported since 2020. In this review, the synthesis of various heterocycles such as imidazoles, pyrazole, pyrimidinones, quinolines, quinazolinones, pyridines, pyrroles, benzopyrans, substituted amides and triazolidine-based bioactive molecules is discussed in detail. Future research in this area is based on further understanding the scope of zirconium catalysed sustainable and approachable synthesis of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Rehana Riaz
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Kanwal
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam Bandar Puncak Alam 42300 Selangor D. E. Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA CawanganSelangor Kampus Puncak Alam Bandar Puncak Alam 42300 Selangor D. E. Malaysia
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Hao X, Wang X, Jiang Q, Zhu Y, Zhu Y, Chen M, Qi G, Zhu C, Han Z. Novel Multifunctional Aldose Reductase Inhibitors Based on Quinoxalin-2(1H)-one Scaffold for Treatment of Diabetic Complications: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. Chem Biodivers 2025:e202402358. [PMID: 39924989 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202402358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2025] [Accepted: 02/07/2025] [Indexed: 02/11/2025]
Abstract
Diabetic complications, such as nephropathy, cataracts, and retinopathy, are the main threat and primary reason for death in diabetic patients. Numerous pieces of evidence demonstrated aldose reductase (ALR2) and oxidative stress are the two most important intervention targets for the treatment of diabetic complications. We designed a new type of multifunctional ALR2 inhibitor (ARI) based on the quinoxalin-2(1H)-one scaffold, which combined the inhibition of aldose reductase and direct antioxidation into an organic whole. Most of the compounds 6 showed potent ALR2 inhibition with IC50 values ranging from 0.091 to 10.214 µM, and 2-(4-(4-bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-1(2H)-yl)acetic acid (6g) was the most active. All compounds were slightly active with an aldehyde reductase inhibition percentage of no more than 40.7%, demonstrating good selectivity for ALR2. Further introduction of a phenolic hydroxyl group to obtain compounds (6j-l), (6l) containing phenolic 3,5-dihydroxyl showed the best antioxidant activity with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging 94.62%, 90.21%, and 82.75% at the concentration of 100, 50, and 10 µM, respectively, even as strong as the well-known antioxidant Trolox. Molecular docking was also consistent with the biological data and explained the ALR2 inhibition and selectivity reasonably. Therefore, these results suggested success in the construction of multifunctional ARIs having potency for ALR2 inhibition and antioxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Xuying Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Qianxi Jiang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Yannan Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Yuqing Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Gang Qi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Changjin Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongfei Han
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
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Gakpey MEL, Aidoo SA, Jumah TA, Hanson G, Msipa S, Mbaoji FN, Bukola O, Tjale PC, Sangare M, Tebourbi H, Awe OI. Targeting aldose reductase using natural African compounds as promising agents for managing diabetic complications. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2025; 5:1499255. [PMID: 39996053 PMCID: PMC11848289 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2025.1499255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to various complications induced by hyperglycemia. Inhibiting Aldose Reductase (AR), an enzyme that converts glucose to sorbitol, has been studied to prevent long-term diabetic consequences. Unfortunately, drugs targeting AR have demonstrated toxicity, adverse reactions, and a lack of specificity. This study aims to explore African indigenous compounds with high specificity as potential AR inhibitors for pharmacological intervention. Methodology A total of 7,344 compounds from the AfroDB, EANPDB, and NANPDB databases were obtained and pre-filtered using the Lipinski rule of five to generate a compound library for virtual screening against the Aldose Reductase. The top 20 compounds with the highest binding affinity were selected. Subsequently, in silico analyses such as protein-ligand interaction, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profiling (ADMET), and molecular dynamics simulation coupled with binding free energy calculations were performed to identify lead compounds with high binding affinity and low toxicity. Results Five natural compounds, namely, (+)-pipoxide, Zinc000095485961, Naamidine A, (-)-pipoxide, and 1,6-di-o-p-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside, were identified as potential inhibitors of aldose reductase. Molecular docking results showed that these compounds exhibited binding energies ranging from -12.3 to -10.7 kcal/mol, which were better than the standard inhibitors (zopolrestat, epalrestat, IDD594, tolrestat, and sorbinil) used in this study. The ADMET and protein-ligand interaction results revealed that these compounds interacted with key inhibiting residues through hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions and demonstrated favorable pharmacological and low toxicity profiles. Prediction of biological activity highlighted Zinc000095485961 and 1,6-di-o-p-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside as having significant inhibitory activity against aldose reductase. Molecular dynamics simulations and MM-PBSA analysis confirmed that the compounds bound to AR exhibited high stability and less conformational change to the AR-inhibitor complex. Conclusion This study highlighted the potential inhibitory activity of 5 compounds that belong to the African region: (+)-Pipoxide, Zinc000095485961, Naamidine A, (-)-Pipoxide, and 1,6-di-o-p-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside. These molecules inhibiting the aldose reductase, the key enzyme of the polyol pathway, can be developed as therapeutic agents to manage diabetic complications. However, we recommend in vitro and in vivo studies to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E. L. Gakpey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Shadrack A. Aidoo
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Toheeb A. Jumah
- School of Collective Intelligence, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Rabat, Morocco
| | - George Hanson
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Siyabonga Msipa
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Florence N. Mbaoji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Omonijo Bukola
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Palesa C. Tjale
- Department of Computational Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mamadou Sangare
- African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics (ACE-B), University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Hedia Tebourbi
- Pathophysiology, Food and Biomolecules Laboratory, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Olaitan I. Awe
- African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Cape Town, South Africa
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Kousaxidis A, Paoli P, Kovacikova L, Genovese M, Santi A, Stefek M, Petrou A, Nicolaou I. Rational design and synthesis of novel N-benzylindole-based epalrestat analogs as selective aldose reductase inhibitors: An unexpected discovery of a new glucose-lowering agent (AK-4) acting as a mitochondrial uncoupler. Eur J Med Chem 2025; 281:117035. [PMID: 39536493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.117035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2024] [Revised: 11/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most frequent metabolic diseases associated with hyperglycemia. Although antidiabetic drugs reduce hyperglycemia, diabetic patients suffer from abnormal fluctuations in blood glucose levels leading to the onset of long-term complications. Aldose reductase inhibitors are considered a promising strategy for regulating the occurrence of diabetic-specific comorbidities. So far, epalrestat is the only drug being approved in Asian countries. In this paper, we ground our research in discovering novel epalrestat analogs that prevent chronic complications and normalize hyperglycemia. Herein, we describe the rational design and synthesis of four novel 4-thiazolidinone acetic acid derivatives (AK-1-4) being evaluated for their efficacy against aldose reductase from rat lenses and their specificity over the homologous enzyme from rat kidneys. AK-1-4 were also tested against human recombinant protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B as a key target in insulin sensitization and towards the closely related T-cell-derived enzyme. Docking analyses suggested possible binding modes on examined targets. The promising inhibitory profile of AK-4 sparked our interest in exploring its effect on the insulin-receptor signaling pathway and its ability to stimulate glucose uptake under ex vivo conditions. We further investigated the ability of AK-4 to target mitochondria acting as an uncoupling agent and impairing mitochondrial membrane potential. Herein, we report for the first time a new glucose-lowering agent (AK-4) that can combine alleviation for chronic diabetic complications without off-target adverse effects and antihyperglycemic efficacy through controlled mitochondrial uncoupling activity. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies in silico revealed optimal properties of AK-4 for oral administration without potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Kousaxidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Sezione di Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Lucia Kovacikova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84104, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Massimo Genovese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Sezione di Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alice Santi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Sezione di Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Milan Stefek
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84104, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anthi Petrou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Ioannis Nicolaou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
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Bhrigu B, Sharma S, Kumar N, Banik BK. Assessment for Diabetic Neuropathy: Treatment and Neurobiological Perspective. Curr Diabetes Rev 2025; 21:12-31. [PMID: 38798207 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998290606240521113832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy, also known as diabetic peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy (DPN), is a consequential complexity of diabetes, alongside diabetic nephropathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and diabetic retinopathy. It is characterized by signs and symptoms of peripheral nerve damage in diabetes patients after ruling out other causes. Approximately 20% of people with diabetes are affected by this painful and severe condition. The development of diabetic neuropathy is influenced by factors such as impaired blood flow to the peripheral nerves and metabolic issues, including increased polyol pathway activation, myo-inositol loss, and nonenzymatic glycation. The present review article provides a brief overview of the pathological changes in diabetic neuropathy and the mechanisms and types of DPN. Various diagnostic tests and biomarkers are available to assess nerve damage and its severity. Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in diabetic neuropathy is complex. This review will explore current treatment options and potential future developments to improve the quality of life for patients suffering from diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanupriya Bhrigu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Lords University, Alwar, 301028, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Lords University, Alwar, 301028, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Lords University, Alwar, 301028, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bimal Krishna Banik
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Said GE, Metwally HM, Abdel-Latif E, Elnagar MR, Ibrahim HS, Ibrahim MA. Development of non-acidic 4-methylbenzenesulfonate-based aldose reductase inhibitors; Design, Synthesis, Biological evaluation and in-silicostudies. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107666. [PMID: 39067420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Design and virtual screening of a set of non-acidic 4-methyl-4-phenyl-benzenesulfonate-based aldose reductase 2 inhibitors had been developed followed by chemical synthesis. Based on the results, the synthesized compounds 2, 4a,b, 7a-c, 9a-c, 10a-c, 11b,c and 14a-c inhibited the ALR2 enzymatic activity in a submicromolar range (99.29-417 nM) and among them, the derivatives 2, 9b, 10a and 14b were able to inhibit ALR2 by IC50 of 160.40, 165.20, 99.29 and 120.6 nM, respectively. Moreover, kinetic analyses using Lineweaver-Burk plot revealed that the most active candidate 10a inhibited ALR2 potently via a non-competitive mechanism. In vivo studies showed that 10 mg/kg of compound 10a significantly lowered blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by 46.10 %. Moreover, compound 10a showed no toxicity up to a concentration of 50 mg/kg and had no adverse effects on liver and kidney functions. It significantly increased levels of GSH and SOD while decreasing MDA levels, thereby mitigating oxidative stress associated with diabetes and potentially attenuating diabetic complications. Furthermore, the binding mode of compound 10a was confirmed through MD simulation. Noteworthy, compounds 2 and 14b showed moderate antimicrobial activity against the two fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger. Finally, we report the thiazole derivative 10a as a new promising non-acidic aldose reductase inhibitor that may be beneficial in treating diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad E Said
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Heba M Metwally
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Ehab Abdel-Latif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Elnagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf, 54001, Iraq
| | - Hany S Ibrahim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
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7
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Liu M, Qin X, Li J, Jiang Y, Jiang J, Guo J, Xu H, Wang Y, Bi H, Wang Z. Decoding selectivity: computational insights into AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 inhibition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9295-9308. [PMID: 38469695 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05985e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Understanding selectivity mechanisms of inhibitors towards highly homologous proteins is of paramount importance in the design of selective candidates. Human aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) pertain to a superfamily of monomeric oxidoreductases, which serve as NADPH-dependent cytosolic enzymes to catalyze the reduction of carbonyl groups to primary and secondary alcohols using electrons from NADPH. Among AKRs, AKR1B1 is emerging as a promising target for cancer treatment and diabetes, despite its high structural similarity with AKR1B10, which leads to severe adverse events. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the selectivity mechanisms of AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 to discover safe anticancer candidates with optimal therapeutic efficacy. In this study, multiple computational strategies, including sequence alignment, structural comparison, Protein Contacts Atlas analysis, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, MM-GBSA calculation, alanine scanning mutagenesis and pharmacophore modeling analysis were employed to comprehensively understand the selectivity mechanisms of AKR1B1/10 inhibition based on selective inhibitor lidorestat and HAHE. This study would provide substantial evidence in the design of potent and highly selective AKR1B1/10 inhibitors in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Liu
- Department of Drug Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261000, China.
| | - Xiaochun Qin
- Department of Drug Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261000, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Drug Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261000, China.
| | - Yuting Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Junjie Jiang
- Department of Drug Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261000, China.
| | - Jiwei Guo
- Department of Drug Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261000, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Drug Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261000, China.
| | - Yousen Wang
- Department of Drug Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261000, China.
| | - Hengtai Bi
- Department of Drug Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261000, China.
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- Department of Drug Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261000, China.
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Jin R, Wang J, Li M, Tang T, Feng Y, Zhou S, Xie H, Feng H, Guo J, Fu R, Liu J, Tang Y, Shi Y, Guo H, Wang Y, Nie F, Li J. Discovery of a Novel Benzothiadiazine-Based Selective Aldose Reductase Inhibitor as Potential Therapy for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Diabetes 2024; 73:497-510. [PMID: 38127948 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Aldose reductase 2 (ALR2), an activated enzyme in the polyol pathway by hyperglycemia, has long been recognized as one of the most promising targets for complications of diabetes, especially in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). However, many of the ALR2 inhibitors have shown serious side effects due to poor selectivity over aldehyde reductase (ALR1). Herein, we describe the discovery of a series of benzothiadiazine acetic acid derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors against ALR2 and evaluation of their anti-DPN activities in vivo. Compound 15c, carrying a carbonyl group at the 3-position of the thiadiazine ring, showed high potent inhibition against ALR2 (IC50 = 33.19 nmol/L) and ∼16,109-fold selectivity for ALR2 over ALR1. Cytotoxicity assays ensured the primary biosafety of 15c. Further pharmacokinetic assay in rats indicated that 15c had a good pharmacokinetic feature (t1/2 = 5.60 h, area under the plasma concentration time curve [AUC(0-t)] = 598.57 ± 216.5 μg/mL * h), which was superior to epalrestat (t1/2 = 2.23 h, AUC[0-t] = 20.43 ± 3.7 μg/mL * h). Finally, in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model, 15c significantly increased the nerve conduction velocities of impaired sensory and motor nerves, achieved potent inhibition of d-sorbitol production in the sciatic nerves, and significantly increased the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold. By combining the above investigations, we propose that 15c might represent a promising lead compound for the discovery of an antidiabetic peripheral neuropathy drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Jin
- Shaanxi Key Lab Basic & New Herbal Medicament Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Shenzhen Neptunus Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Shenzhen Neptunus Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Huahong Marine Biomedicine Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tian Tang
- Shenzhen Neptunus Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
- Cali Biosciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yidong Feng
- Shenzhen Neptunus Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Sha Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Honglei Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Haiyu Feng
- Shaanxi Key Lab Basic & New Herbal Medicament Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jianshuang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruijia Fu
- Shaanxi Key Lab Basic & New Herbal Medicament Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jiping Liu
- Shaanxi Key Lab Basic & New Herbal Medicament Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuping Tang
- Shaanxi Key Lab Basic & New Herbal Medicament Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Shaanxi Key Lab Basic & New Herbal Medicament Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Shaanxi Key Lab Basic & New Herbal Medicament Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Shaanxi Key Lab Basic & New Herbal Medicament Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Fayi Nie
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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9
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Baranwal J, Singh S, Kushwaha S, Jyoti A. An Eco-friendly Strategy for the Synthesis of Spiro-benzimidazoquinazolinone and Spiro-benzothiazoloquinazolinone Derivatives using β-cyclodextrin as a Supramolecular Catalyst. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2024; 21:e271223224897. [PMID: 38151832 DOI: 10.2174/0115701638276530231220080041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclodextrins selectively bind with reactants and facilitate chemical reactions through supramolecular catalysis, similar to the mechanisms employed by enzymes. In this paper, β-cyclodextrin was used as a supramolecular catalyst in water as a green, reusable, and ecofriendly solvent system to synthesize spiro-benzimidazoquinazolinones and spiro-benzothiazoloquinazolinones. OBJECTIVE A supramolecular catalyst β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is used to synthesize spiro- benzimidazoquinazolinones and spiro-benzothiazoloquinazolinones via multicomponent reaction involving the condensation of dimedone, isatin, and 2-aminobenzimidazole/2-aminobenzothiazole. METHODS In a 50 mL round bottom flask were added the respective mixture of substituted isatin (1 mmol), dimedone (1mmol), and 2-aminobenzimidazole/2-aminobenzothiazole (1 mmol) in water (5 ml) containing β-CD (113 mg, 10 mol. %) was stirred at 60oC for 30 min. The desired product was obtained with excellent yield. After completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was quenched with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (4X5 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with brine solution, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography. RESULTS β-cyclodextrin catalyst showed very good efficiency in the synthesis of the desired compounds and can be easily recovered and reused at least five times with minimal deactivation in catalytic activity. CONCLUSION The catalyst demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in producing the target compounds and conducting the reaction with different initial substances, resulting in excellent yields of the products, thereby confirming the broad applicability and versatility of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Baranwal
- Department of Chemistry, S. S. Khanna Girls' Degree College, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swastika Singh
- Department of Chemistry, S. S. Khanna Girls' Degree College, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Smriti Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, S. S. Khanna Girls' Degree College, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Archana Jyoti
- Department of Chemistry, S. S. Khanna Girls' Degree College, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
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10
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Jeba Reeda V, Bena Jothy V, Asif M, Nasibullah M, Alharbi NS, Abbas G, Muthu S. Synthesis, solvent polarity(polar and nonpolar), structural and electronic properties with diverse solvents and biological studies of (E)-3-((3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) imino) indolin-2-one. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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11
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Kheilkordi Z, Mohammadi Ziarani G, Mohajer F, Badiei A, Varma RS. Synthesis and Application of Novel Nanomagnetic Catalyst Fe3O4@SiO2@Pr–Gu–Cr–COOH in the Green Multi-component Synthesis of 1-(Benzothiazolylamino)methyl-2-naphthol. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2023; 33:1028-1036. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-023-02556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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12
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Ramírez-Velásquez IM, Bedoya-Calle ÁH, Vélez E, Caro-Lopera FJ. Dissociation Mode of the O-H Bond in Betanidin, pK a-Clusterization Prediction, and Molecular Interactions via Shape Theory and DFT Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032923. [PMID: 36769241 PMCID: PMC9917436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Betanidin (Bd) is a nitrogenous metabolite with significant bioactive potential influenced by pH. Its free radical scavenging activity and deprotonation pathway are crucial to studying its physicochemical properties. Motivated by the published discrepancies about the best deprotonation routes in Bd, this work explores all possible pathways for proton extractions on that molecule, by using the direct approach method based on pKa. The complete space of exploration is supported by a linear relation with constant slope, where the pKa is written in terms of the associated deprotonated molecule energy. The deprotonation rounds 1, …, 6 define groups of parallel linear models with constant slope. The intercepts of the models just depend on the protonated energy for each round, and then the pKa can be trivially ordered and explained by the energy. We use the direct approximation method to obtain the value of pKa. We predict all possible outcomes based on a linear model of the energy and some related verified assumptions. We also include a new measure of similarity or dissimilarity between the protonated and deprotonated molecules, via a geometric-chemical descriptor called the Riemann-Mulliken distance (RMD). The RMD considers the cartesian coordinates of the atoms, the atomic mass, and the Mulliken charges. After exploring the complete set of permutations, we show that the successive deprotonation process does not inherit the local energy minimum and that the commutativity of the paths does not hold either. The resulting clusterization of pKa can be explained by the local acid and basic groups of the BD, and the successive deprotonation can be predicted by using the chemical explained linear models, which can avoid unnecessary optimizations. Another part of the research uses our own algorithm based on shape theory to determine the protein's active site automatically, and molecular dynamics confirmed the results of the molecular docking of Bd in protonated and anionic form with the enzyme aldose reductase (AR). Also, we calculate the descriptors associated with the SET and SPLET mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana María Ramírez-Velásquez
- Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050034, Colombia
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Medellin, Medellín 050026, Colombia
- Correspondence: (I.M.R.-V.); (F.J.C.-L.)
| | | | - Ederley Vélez
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Medellin, Medellín 050026, Colombia
| | - Francisco J. Caro-Lopera
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Medellin, Medellín 050026, Colombia
- Correspondence: (I.M.R.-V.); (F.J.C.-L.)
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13
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Han Z, Li J, Xu Z, Su Y, Wang Y, Zhuo L, Du J, Zhu C, Hao X. Design and synthesis of novel quinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors targeting AKR1B1. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200577. [PMID: 36707406 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of aldose reductase (AKR1B1) is a promising option for the treatment of diabetic complications. However, most of the developed small molecule inhibitors lack selectivity or suffer from low bioactivity. To address this limitation, a novel series of quinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of AKR1B1 were designed and synthesized. Aldose reductase inhibitory activities of the novel compounds were characterized by IC50 values ranging from 0.015 to 31.497 μM. Markedly enhanced selectivity of these derivatives was also recorded, which was further supported by docking studies. Of these inhibitors, compound 5g exhibited the highest inhibition activity with selectivity indices reaching 1190.8. The structure-activity relationship highlighted the importance of N1-acetic acid and N3-benzyl groups with electron-withdrawing substituents on the quinazolin-4(1H)-one scaffold for the construction of efficient and selective AKR1B1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfei Han
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Zilu Xu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Yu Su
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Lili Zhuo
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Jiaming Du
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Changjin Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
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14
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Kratky M, Sramel P, Bodo P, Prnova MS, Kovacikova L, Majekova M, Vinsova J, Stefek M. Novel rhodanine based inhibitors of aldose reductase of non-acidic nature with p-hydroxybenzylidene functional group. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114922. [PMID: 36455357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase, the first enzyme of the polyol pathway represents a key drug target in therapy of diabetic complications. In this study a series of six novel rhodanine based inhibitors of aldose reductase was designed, synthesized, and tested for their ability to inhibit aldose reductase and for selectivity relative to structurally related aldehyde reductase. Aldose reductase inhibitory activities of the compounds were characterized by the IC50 values ranging from 2000 nM to 20 nM. The values of selectivity factors relative to aldehyde reductase were decreasing in the same array from 24 to 5. In silico docking into the inhibitor binding site of aldose reductase revealed a specific binding pattern of the compounds comprising interaction of the deprotonated 4-hydroxybenzylidene group with the anion-binding sub-pocket of aldose reductase, creating a strong H-bond and charge interactions. Predicted pH-distribution profiles of the novel compounds into octanol, supported by experimentally determined distribution ratios, favour drug uptake at the physiological pH, as a result of the presence of the low-acidic phenolic group, instead of the more acidic carboxymethyl functional group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kratky
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Heyrovskeho, 1203, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Sramel
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, SAS, Dubravska Cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Bodo
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, SAS, Dubravska Cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Biochemistry, Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ilkovicova 6, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marta Soltesova Prnova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, SAS, Dubravska Cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Kovacikova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, SAS, Dubravska Cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Magdalena Majekova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, SAS, Dubravska Cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jarmila Vinsova
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Heyrovskeho, 1203, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Stefek
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, SAS, Dubravska Cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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15
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Yue Q, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhao Y. Vibrational and Electronic Absorption Spectroscopic and Density Functional Theoretical Studies on the 2(3H)-Benzothiazolone and Its Anion. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Hu W, Yan G, Ding Q, Cai J, Zhang Z, Zhao Z, Lei H, Zhu YZ. Update of Indoles: Promising molecules for ameliorating metabolic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112957. [PMID: 35462330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders have gradually become public health-threatening problems. The metabolic disorder is a cluster of complex metabolic abnormalities which are featured by dysfunction in glucose and lipid metabolism, and results from the increasing prevalence of visceral obesity. With the core driving factor of insulin resistance, metabolic disorder mainly includes type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), micro and macro-vascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), dyslipidemia, and the dysfunction of gut microbiota. Strategies and therapeutic attention are demanded to decrease the high risk of metabolic diseases, from lifestyle changes to drug treatment, especially herbal medicines. Indole is a parent substance of numerous bioactive compounds, and itself can be produced by tryptophan catabolism to stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and inhibit the development of obesity. In addition, in heterocycles drug discovery, the indole scaffold is primarily found in natural compounds with versatile biological activity and plays a prominent role in drug molecules synthesis. In recent decades, plenty of natural or synthesized indole deriviatives have been investigated and elucidated to exert effects on regulating glucose hemeostasis and lipd metabolism. The aim of this review is to trace and emphasize the compounds containing indole scaffold that possess immense potency on preventing metabolic disorders, particularly T2DM, obesity and NAFLD, along with the underlying molecular mechanisms, therefore facilitate a better comprehension of their druggability and application in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Guanyu Yan
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jianghong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ziming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Heping Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Zhu J, Qi G, Kuang Y, Zhao Y, Sun X, Zhu C, Hao X, Han Z. Identification of 9H-purin-6-amine derivatives as novel aldose reductase inhibitors for the treatment of diabetic complications. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200043. [PMID: 35466439 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A series of 9H-purin-6-amine derivatives as aldose reductase (ALR) inhibitors were designed and synthesized. Most of these derivatives, having a C6-substituted benzylamine side chain and N9 carboxylic acid on the core structure, were found to be potent and selective ALR inhibitors, with submicromolar IC50 values against ALR2. Particularly, compound 4e was the most active with an IC50 value of 0.038 μM, and it was also proved to be endowed with excellent inhibitory selectivity. The structure-activity relationship and molecular docking studies highlighted the importance of the carboxylic acid head group along with different halogen substituents on the C6 benzylamine side chain of the 9H-purin-6-amine scaffold for the construction of strong and selective ALR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkai Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Gang Qi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Yan Kuang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Yating Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Xinjie Sun
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Changjin Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Zhongfei Han
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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18
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Pan Y, Gong X, Hao R, Zeng S, Xu J, Shen Z, Huang WH. Metal‐free and One‐pot for the Synthesis of the Indolo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline Aldehyde via Free Radical Cascade Pathway followed Direct Hydrolyzation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- YouLu Pan
- Hangzhou Medical College college of pharmacy Hangzhou, China 016001 CHINA
| | | | - Rongrong Hao
- Hangzhou Medical College college of pharmcy CHINA
| | - Shenxin Zeng
- Hangzhou Medical College college of pharmcy CHINA
| | - Jinghao Xu
- Hangzhou Medical College college of pharmcy CHINA
| | | | - Wen-hai Huang
- Hangzhou Medical College colledge of pharmcy tianmushanlu182 310013 hangzhou CHINA
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19
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Zhang X, Chen H, Zhang X, Xu L, Lei Y, Liu W, Li L, Xu H, Zhu C, Ma B. β-Aldehyde ketones as dual inhibitors of aldose reductase and α-glucosidase with antioxidant properties. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03426j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesized β-aldehyde ketone compounds have strong biological activity because of their ionizable hydroxyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Huan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Long Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yanqi Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Hulin Xu
- Beijing Qintian Science & Technology Development Co., Ltd, China
| | - Changjin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Bing Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
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20
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Patel GM, Kure AS, Mandawad GG, Hote BS, Konda SG. Chitosan supported ionic liquid (CSIL): An excellent catalyst for one-pot synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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21
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One-pot synthesis of heteroaromatic acetals via selectfluor-mediated tandem reaction of methyl quinoline-2-carboxylate and methanol. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Kalal P, Sethiya A, Soni J, Patel I, Gandhi D, Agarwal S. Caffeine hydrogen sulfate: a recyclable solid acid catalyst for mechanochemical synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles. J Sulphur Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2021.2010278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kalal
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001 India
| | - Ayushi Sethiya
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001 India
| | - Jay Soni
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001 India
| | - Isha Patel
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001 India
| | - Divyani Gandhi
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001 India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001 India
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23
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Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Cascade C−H Activation/Annulation of
N
‐carbamoylindoles with Silyl Enol Ethers for the Construction of Dihydropyrimidoindolone Skeletons. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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24
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Sharghi H, Mashhadi E, Aberi M, Aboonajmi J. Synthesis of novel benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles via furan‐2‐carboxaldehydes,
o
‐phenylenediamines, and 2‐aminothiophenol using Cu(II) Schiff‐base@SiO
2
as a nanocatalyst. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Sharghi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences Shiraz University Shiraz Iran
| | - Elahe Mashhadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences Shiraz University Shiraz Iran
| | - Mahdi Aberi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences Shiraz University Shiraz Iran
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Shahid Rajaee, Shiraz Branch Technical and Vocational University (TVU) Shiraz Iran
| | - Jasem Aboonajmi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences Shiraz University Shiraz Iran
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25
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Sonowal H, Ramana KV. Development of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Disorders and Cancer: Current Drug Design Strategies and Future Directions. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3683-3712. [PMID: 33109031 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201027152737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aldose Reductase (AR) is an enzyme that converts glucose to sorbitol during the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism. AR has been shown to be involved in the development of secondary diabetic complications due to its involvement in causing osmotic as well as oxidative stress. Various AR inhibitors have been tested for their use to treat secondary diabetic complications, such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy in clinical studies. Recent studies also suggest the potential role of AR in mediating various inflammatory complications. Therefore, the studies on the development and potential use of AR inhibitors to treat inflammatory complications and cancer besides diabetes are currently on the rise. Further, genetic mutagenesis studies, computer modeling, and molecular dynamics studies have helped design novel and potent AR inhibitors. This review discussed the potential new therapeutic use of AR inhibitors in targeting inflammatory disorders and cancer besides diabetic complications. Further, we summarized studies on how AR inhibitors have been designed and developed for therapeutic purposes in the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himangshu Sonowal
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kota V Ramana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
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26
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Zhu Y, Zhao J, Luo L, Gao Y, Bao H, Li P, Zhang H. Research progress of indole compounds with potential antidiabetic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113665. [PMID: 34192642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
New types of antidiabetic agents are continually needed with diabetes becoming the epidemic in the world. Indole alkaloids play an important role in natural products owing to their variable structures and versatile biological activities like anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities, which are a promising source of novel antidiabetic drugs discovery. The synthesized indole derivatives possess similar properties to natural indole alkaloids. In the last two decades, more and more indole derivatives have been designed and synthesized for searching their bioactivities. This present review describes comprehensive structures of indole compounds with the potential antidiabetic activity including natural indole alkaloids and the synthetic indole derivatives based on the structure classification, summarizes their approaches isolated from natural sources or by synthetic methods, and discusses the antidiabetic effects and the mechanisms of action. Furthermore, this review also provides briefly synthetic procedures of some important indole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jinran Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Longbiao Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - He Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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27
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Liu W, Chen H, Zhang X, Zhang X, Xu L, Lei Y, Zhu C, Ma B. Isatin derivatives as a new class of aldose reductase inhibitors with antioxidant activity. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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28
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Dahiya A, Patel BK. The Rich Legacy and Bright Future of Transition-Metal Catalyzed Peroxide Based Radical Reactions. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3589-3612. [PMID: 34137502 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This personal account is mainly focused on the author's involvement in the field of transition metal-catalyzed peroxide based radical reactions. Over the past decades, radical chemistry has flourished and become crucial in contemporary synthetic organic chemistry. Owing to the presence of a single electron in one orbital, radicals are very unstable and react very fast. To carry out desired transformations and to control the side reactions the stabilizations of these radicals is essential. Fortunately, the implementation of a suitable transition metal and peroxide combination into the radical reactions have proved beneficial. Transition metals not only stabilizes the radicals but also protects them from being quenched by undesired homo-coupling or fragmentation. Transition metal-catalyzed radical-radical reactions provide an innovative way for the construction and derivatization of carbocycles and heterocycles. The objective of this review is to give an overview of the construction and derivatization of heterocycles through the lens of radical chemistry, mainly focusing on research work done by our group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Dahiya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Guwahati, India
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Guwahati, India
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29
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Pourhasan Kisomi R, Shirini F, Golshekan M. Fe
3
O
4
@MCM‐41@ZrCl
2
: A novel magnetic mesoporous nanocomposite catalyst including zirconium nanoparticles for the synthesis of 1‐(benzothiazolylamino)phenylmethyl‐2‐naphthols. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Farhad Shirini
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences University of Guilan Rasht Iran
| | - Mostafa Golshekan
- Medical Biotechnology Research center, School of Paramedicine Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran
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30
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Ji F, Guo Y, Wang M, Wu Z, Shi Y, Zhao X, Wang H, Feng X, Zhao G. Excited state electronic structures and photochemistry of different oxidation states of 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 253:119503. [PMID: 33610101 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The molecular structures of 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), were calculated by using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) model with M062X method with 6-311G (d, p) basis set. In this work, the ABTS were theoretically investigated from the geometric structure, the energy levels of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), the energy level gap ΔEHOMO-LUMO of the molecular ground state, excited stated properties and the electronic absorption spectra of different oxidation states. We studied the energy levels of LUMO and HOMO of ABTS in different oxidation states. Frontier molecular orbital analysis can provide insight into the nature of excited states. ABTS was synthesized from N-ethylamine by total synthesis. Then, we measured the UV-Vis spectra of ABTS before and after being oxidized by K2S2O8. The calculated electronic structures and photochemical properties of different oxidation state of ABTS were in accordance with the experimental result. This work demonstrates the relationship between the electronic structures and photochemistry of different oxidation states ABTS hence paves the way for the rationally synthesis and deepen understanding of the photophysical properties of ABTS materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, National Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching Center for Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Yurong Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, National Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching Center for Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, National Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching Center for Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Zibo Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, National Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching Center for Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Yanan Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, National Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching Center for Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, National Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching Center for Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Haiyuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, National Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching Center for Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Xia Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, National Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching Center for Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Guangjiu Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, National Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching Center for Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
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31
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Kovacikova L, Prnova MS, Majekova M, Bohac A, Karasu C, Stefek M. Development of Novel Indole-Based Bifunctional Aldose Reductase Inhibitors/Antioxidants as Promising Drugs for the Treatment of Diabetic Complications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102867. [PMID: 34066081 PMCID: PMC8151378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR, ALR2), the first enzyme of the polyol pathway, is implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications. Aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs) thus present a promising therapeutic approach to treat a wide array of diabetic complications. Moreover, a therapeutic potential of ARIs in the treatment of chronic inflammation-related pathologies and several genetic metabolic disorders has been recently indicated. Substituted indoles are an interesting group of compounds with a plethora of biological activities. This article reviews a series of indole-based bifunctional aldose reductase inhibitors/antioxidants (ARIs/AOs) developed during recent years. Experimental results obtained in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models of diabetic complications are presented. Structure–activity relationships with respect to carboxymethyl pharmacophore regioisomerization and core scaffold modification are discussed along with the criteria of ‘drug-likeness”. Novel promising structures of putative multifunctional ARIs/AOs are designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Kovacikova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM SAS, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (M.S.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Marta Soltesova Prnova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM SAS, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (M.S.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Magdalena Majekova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM SAS, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (M.S.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Andrej Bohac
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Biomagi, Inc., Mamateyova 26, 851 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Cimen Karasu
- Cellular Stress Response and Signal Transduction Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Beşevler, 06500 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Milan Stefek
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM SAS, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (M.S.P.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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32
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Wu Y, Guo P, Chen L, Duan W, Yang Z, Wang T, Chen T, Xiong F. Iron-catalyzed tandem oxidative coupling and acetal hydrolysis reaction to prepare formylated benzothiazoles and isoquinolines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3271-3274. [PMID: 33651073 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00621e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aldehyde group is one of the most versatile intermediates in synthetic chemistry, and the introduction of an aldehyde group into heteroarenes is important for the transformation of molecular structure. Herein, we achieved the direct formylation of benzothiazo/les and isoquinolines. The reaction features a novel iron-catalyzed Minisci-type oxidative coupling process using commercially available 1,3-dioxolane as a formylated reagent followed by acetal hydrolysis without a separation process. The reaction can be performed under exceedingly mild reaction conditions and exhibits broad functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China.
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Sethiya A, Sahiba N, Soni J, Agarwal S. Urea nitrate–catalyzed
C‐N
and
C‐S
bond formation: A mechanochemical approach for
5‐chloro
‐2‐arylbenzo
[d]
thiazole derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Sethiya
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Mohanlal Sukhadia University Udaipur Rajasthan India
| | - Nusrat Sahiba
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Mohanlal Sukhadia University Udaipur Rajasthan India
| | - Jay Soni
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Mohanlal Sukhadia University Udaipur Rajasthan India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Mohanlal Sukhadia University Udaipur Rajasthan India
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Chen J, Zhong T, Zheng X, Yin C, Zhang L, Zhou J, Jiang X, Yu C. Selective Synthesis of Fused Tricyclic [1,3]oxazino[3,4‐
a
]indolone and Dihydropyrimido [1,6‐a]indolone
via
Rh(III)‐catalyzed [3+3] or [4+2] C−H Annulation. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Tianshuo Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyun Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanliu Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinpeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
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Sethiya A, Sahiba N, Teli P, Soni J, Agarwal S. Current advances in the synthetic strategies of 2-arylbenzothiazole. Mol Divers 2020; 26:513-553. [PMID: 33180241 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Benzothiazole is a privileged scaffold in the field of synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Its derivatives and metal complexes possess a gamut of pharmacological properties and high degree of structural diversity that has proven it vital for the investigation for novel therapeutics. The 2nd position of benzothiazole is the most active site that makes 2-arylbenzothiazole as felicitous scaffolds in pharmaceutical chemistry. The extensive significance of benzo-fused heterocyclic moieties formation has led to broad and valuable different approaches for their synthesis. This review deals with the synthetic approaches developed so far for the synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles. Moreover, this article abridges the publications devoted to the synthesis of this moiety over the last 6 years. This study gives a current precis of research on the fabrication of 2-arylbenzothiazoles through different synthetic pathways and shall be helpful for researchers and scientists who are working in this field to make more potent biologically active benzothiazole-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Sethiya
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Nusrat Sahiba
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Pankaj Teli
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Jay Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, India.
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Chen H, Zhang X, Zhang X, Fan Z, Liu W, Lei Y, Zhu C, Ma B. Dihydrobenzoxazinone derivatives as aldose reductase inhibitors with antioxidant activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115699. [PMID: 33069078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Dihydrobenzoxazinone based design and synthesis produced two series of compounds as aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitor candidates. In particular, phenolic residues were embodied into the compounds for the combination of strengthening the inhibitory acitvity and antioxidant ability to retard the progression of diabetic complications. Most of the derivatives with styryl side chains exhibited excellent activities on selective ALR2 inhibition with IC50 values ranging from 0.082 to 0.308 μM, and {8-[2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]oxazin-4-yl}-acetic acid (3a) was the most potent. More significantly, most of dihydrobenzoxazinone compounds revealed not only good inhibitory effect on ALR2, but also showed powerful antioxidant activity. Notably, phenolic compound 3a was even comparable to the well-known antioxidant Trolox, confirming that the C8 p-hydroxystyryl substitution was key structure of lowering oxidative stress. Therefore, these results provided an achievement of multifunctional ALR2 inhibitors possessing capacities for both ALR2 inhibition and as antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Zhenya Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yanqi Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Changjin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China.
| | - Bing Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China.
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Kannaboina P, Mondal K, Laha JK, Das P. Recent advances in the global ring functionalization of 7-azaindoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11749-11762. [PMID: 32935671 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04264a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The 7-azaindole building block has attracted considerable interest in the field of drug discovery in the current portfolio. Because of their powerful medicinal properties, the development of synthetic, elegant techniques for the functionalization of 7-azaindoles continues to be an active area of research. Advances in metal-catalyzed chemistry have recently supported the successful development of a number of novel and effective methods for functionalization of the 7-azaindole template. This review reports state-of-the-art functionalization chemistry of 7-azaindoles with an aspiration to highlight the global ring functionalization of 7-azaindoles that are potential as pharmacophores for various therapeutic targets. Other relevant reviews focused on 7-azaindole synthesis, properties and applications have also been reported. However, none of these reviews have been dedicated to the results achieved in the field of metal-catalyzed cross-coupling/C-H bond functionalized reactions. So we wish to discuss and summarize the advances made since 2011 in this field toward 7-azaindole functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Kannaboina
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad-826004, India.
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Kousaxidis A, Petrou A, Lavrentaki V, Fesatidou M, Nicolaou I, Geronikaki A. Aldose reductase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors as a promising therapeutic approach for diabetes mellitus. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112742. [PMID: 32871344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels and usually associated with several chronic pathologies. Aldose reductase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B enzymes have identified as two novel molecular targets associated with the onset and progression of type II diabetes and related comorbidities. Although many inhibitors against these enzymes have already found in the field of diabetic mellitus, the research for discovering more effective and selective agents with optimal pharmacokinetic properties continues. In addition, dual inhibition of these target proteins has proved as a promising therapeutic approach. A variety of diverse scaffolds are presented in this review for the future design of potent and selective inhibitors of aldose reductase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B based on the most important structural features of both enzymes. The discovery of novel dual aldose reductase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors could be effective therapeutic molecules for the treatment of insulin-resistant type II diabetes mellitus. The methods used comprise a literature survey and X-ray crystal structures derived from Protein Databank (PDB). Despite the available therapeutic options for type II diabetes mellitus, the inhibitors of aldose reductase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B could be two promising approaches for the effective treatment of hyperglycemia and diabetes-associated pathologies. Due to the poor pharmacokinetic profile and low in vivo efficacy of existing inhibitors of both targets, the research turned to more selective and cell-permeable agents as well as multi-target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Kousaxidis
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Anthi Petrou
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Lavrentaki
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Maria Fesatidou
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Ioannis Nicolaou
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
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ALGHAMDI AA, ALAM MM, NAZREEN S. In silico ADME predictions and in vitro antibacterial evaluation of 2-hydroxy benzothiazole-based 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives. Turk J Chem 2020; 44:1068-1084. [PMID: 33488213 PMCID: PMC7751938 DOI: 10.3906/kim-1912-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, a library of fifteen 2-hydroxy benzothiazole-linked 1,3,4 -oxadiazole derivatives have been synthesized and confirmed using different analytical techniques. All of the synthesized compounds have been tested for antibacterial and in silico pharmacokinetic studies for the first time. From the ADME predictions, compound 4 showed the highest in silico absorption percentage (86.77%), while most of the compounds showed more than 70% absorption. All of the compounds comply with the Lipinski rule of 5, suggesting that the compounds possess good drug likeness properties upon administration. Furthermore, all of the compounds follow the Veber rule, indicating good bioavailability and good intestinal absorption. The antibacterial results exhibited excellent to moderate activity. Compounds 5 , 9 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 , and 17 were the most active compounds against the tested bacterial strains. Compound 14 showed comparable MIC 6.25 ±0.2 μg/disc to the standard drug amoxicillin against the tested Gram-positive bacterial strains. Compounds 5 , 14 , 17 exhibited MIC 12.5 ±0.8 μg/disc, which was comparable to the standard drug against E. faecalis . It can be concluded that the synthesized compound could be used as a lead molecule in the development of new antibacterial agents with high efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Ahmed ALGHAMDI
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, AlbahaSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Syed NAZREEN
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, AlbahaSaudi Arabia
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40
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Zhang L, Chen J, Zhong T, Zheng X, Zhou J, Jiang X, Yu C. Palladium-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] Annulation of Alkyne-Tethered Aryl Iodides with Diaziridinone: Synthesis of 3,4-Fused Tricyclic Indoles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10823-10834. [PMID: 32786647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel palladium-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] annulation of alkyne-tethered aryl iodides with diaziridinone was developed, leading to the formation of 3,4-fused tricyclic indoles. From a mechanistic standpoint, the formation of fused tricyclic indole scaffolds involved C,C-palladacycles, which were synthesized through the intramolecular reaction of aryl halides and alkynes. The cascade reaction described herein could be carried out with a broad range of substrates and provided various 3,4-fused tricyclic indoles with yields up to 98%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Tianshuo Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyun Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xinpeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Chuanming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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Zhang X, Zhu P, Zhang R, Li X, Yao T. Visible-Light-Induced Decarboxylative Cyclization of 2-Alkenylarylisocyanides with α-Oxocarboxylic Acids: Access to 2-Acylindoles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9503-9513. [PMID: 32600039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and practical protocol for visible-light-induced decarboxylative cyclization of 2-alkenylarylisocyanides with α-oxocarboxylic acids has been developed, which afforded a broad range of 2-acylindoles in moderate to good yields. The reaction proceeds through a cascade of acyl radical addition/cyclization reactions under irradiation of an Ir3+ photoredox catalyst without external oxidants and features simple operation, scalability, a broad substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Peiyuan Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Tuanli Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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Bhat M, Belagali SL. Structural Activity Relationship and Importance of Benzothiazole Derivatives in Medicinal Chemistry: A Comprehensive Review. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x16666190204111502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:Benzothiazole (1, 3-benzothiazole) is one of the heterocyclic compounds, which is a weak base having varied biological activities. The unique methine center present in the thiazole ring makes benzothiazole as the most important heterocyclic compound. It is a common and integral structure of many natural and synthetic bioactive molecules. Benzothiazole derivatives show a variety of activities, with less toxic effects and their derivatives showed enhanced activities, which has proven Benzothiazole scaffold as one of the important moieties in medicinal chemistry. Benzothiazole ring containing compounds possess various pharmacological activities such as anti-viral, anti-microbial, antiallergic, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anthelmitic and anti-cancer, which makes benzothiazole a rapidly developing and interesting compound in the medicinal chemistry. This review briefly explains the importance, common methods of synthesis of the benzothiazole scaffold and also explains the popular benzothiazole molecules which have applications in various fields of chemistry. A review has been carried out based on various pharmacological activities containing benzothiazole moieties and rationalize the activities based on the structural variations. Literature on benzothiazole derivatives reveals that substitution on the C-2 carbon atom and C-6 are the reasons for a variety of biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Bhat
- PG Department of Chemistry, Bangur Nagar Arts, Science and Commerce College, Dandeli - 581325 Karnataka, India
| | - Shiddappa Lagamappa Belagali
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Studies in Environmental Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore -570 006, Karnataka, India
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Pandey A, Chand S, Singh R, Kumar S, Singh KN. Iodine-Catalyzed Synthesis of 3-Arylthioindoles Employing a 1-Aryltriazene/CS 2 Combination as a New Sulfenylation Source. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7627-7635. [PMID: 32280906 PMCID: PMC7144174 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A practical approach for the regioselective synthesis of 3-arylthioindoles has been accomplished using a combination of 1-aryltriazene/CS2 as a new sulfenylation source. The methodology employs molecular iodine as a catalyst and is compatible with a variety of structurally diverse reactants.
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Janani M, Senejani MA, Isfahani TM. An Efficient Synthesis of Benzimidazole and Benzothiazole Derivatives Using a Nickel(II) Metal-Organic Framework. Curr Org Synth 2020; 17:109-116. [PMID: 32003698 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666200117110758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles have shown relatively high pharmaceutical and biological activities. In recent years, numerous methods have been developed for synthesis of benzimidazole and benzothiazole derivatives using different catalysts. However, only some of the reported procedures are quite satisfactory and most of them have drawbacks. Herein, we report a convenient method for synthesis of benzimidazole and benzothiazole derivatives using a nickel (II) metal-organic framework (Ni- MOF) as a novel and reusable catalyst. The presence of unsaturated metal centers makes metal-organic frameworks to be used as Lewis acid catalysts. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to describe an efficient method for synthesis of benzimidazole and benzothiazole derivatives. METHOD Ni-MOF was prepared using the modified evaporation method and was characterized by FE-SEM, FT-IR, TGA, and XRD techniques.The catalyst was then used to test the synthesis of some benzimidazole and benzothiazole derivatives. The benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles were characterized by Elemental analyses, HNMR and IR techniques. RESULT A variety of aromatic aldehydes bearing electron donating groups or electron-withdrawing were reacted with 1,2-phenylenediamine or 2-aminothiophenol using Ni-MOF in good to excellent yields. CONCLUSION In summary, a new and highly efficient method was developed and reported for the synthesis of benzimidazole and benzothiazole derivatives using nickel(II) metal-organic framework. The advantages are short reaction times, good to excellent yields, the environmentally benign and simple procedure, stability, nontoxicity, recyclability, and easy separation of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Janani
- Department of Chemistry, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
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Sharghi H, Aboonajmi J, Aberi M, Shekouhy M. Amino Acids: Nontoxic and Cheap Alternatives for Amines for the Synthesis of Benzoxazoles through the Oxidative Functionalization of Catechols. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Sharghi
- Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesShiraz University Shiraz 71454 Iran
| | - Jasem Aboonajmi
- Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesShiraz University Shiraz 71454 Iran
| | - Mahdi Aberi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Shahid Rajaee, Shiraz BranchTechnical and Vocational University (TVU) Shiraz Iran
| | - Mohsen Shekouhy
- Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesShiraz University Shiraz 71454 Iran
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Identification of quinoxalin-2(1H)-one derivatives as a novel class of multifunctional aldose reductase inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:2989-3004. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Targeting aldose reductase and oxidative stress with quinoxalin-2(1 H)-one derivatives having a 1-hydroxypyrazole head as the bioisosteric replacement of carboxylic acid. Methodology & results: Aldose reductase inhibition, selectivity and antioxidant potency of all the synthesized compounds were evaluated, and binding modes were studied by molecular docking. Most of the derivatives showed potent and selective aldose reductase inhibition, and among them 13d was the most active (IC50 = 0.107 μM), suggesting success of the bioisosteric strategy. Phenolic 3,4-dihydroxyl compound 13f showed strong antioxidant ability even comparable to that of the well-known antioxidant Trolox. Conclusion: The present study identified the excellent bioisostere of the 1-hydroxypyrazole head group along with phenolic hydroxyl and vinyl spacer in C3 side chain on constructing quinoxalinone-based multifunctional aldose reductase inhibitors.
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Ma X, Huang H, Su J, Song Z, Nakano T, Song Q. Synthesis of CF
2
H‐Containing Oxime Ethers Derivatives from ClCF
2
H,
tert
‐Butyl Nitrile and Indoles. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Ma
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Materials Science & EngineeringHuaqiao University, 668 Jimei Blvd Xiamen Fujian 361021 China
| | - Hua Huang
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Materials Science & EngineeringHuaqiao University, 668 Jimei Blvd Xiamen Fujian 361021 China
| | - Jianke Su
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Materials Science & EngineeringHuaqiao University, 668 Jimei Blvd Xiamen Fujian 361021 China
| | - Zhiyi Song
- Institute for Catalysis (ICAT), Hokkaido University, N 21, W 10, Kita‐ku Sapporo 001‐0021 Japan
| | - Tamaki Nakano
- Institute for Catalysis (ICAT), Hokkaido University, N 21, W 10, Kita‐ku Sapporo 001‐0021 Japan
| | - Qiuling Song
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Materials Science & EngineeringHuaqiao University, 668 Jimei Blvd Xiamen Fujian 361021 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function DiscoveryFujian Province University, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
- State Key Laboratroy of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
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Shehzad MT, Hameed A, al-Rashida M, Imran A, Uroos M, Asari A, Mohamad H, Islam M, Iftikhar S, Shafiq Z, Iqbal J. Exploring antidiabetic potential of adamantyl-thiosemicarbazones via aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibition. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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49
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Ma X, Song Q. tert-Butyl Nitrite Mediated Synthesis of Fluorinated O-Alkyloxime Ether Derivatives. Org Lett 2019; 21:7375-7379. [PMID: 31465233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A tert-butyl nitrite (TBN)-mediated synthesis of fluorinated O-alkyloxime ether derivatives with bromodifluoroalkyl reagents as the fluorine sources has been developed. A variety of halodifluorinated compounds were found compatible, delivering the desired products in moderate to excellent yields. This transformation features a simple operation, can be done in air, and found to involve radicals. This protocol represents a straightforward approach to access various fluorinated O-alkyloxime ether derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Ma
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Materials Science & Engineering , Huaqiao University , 668 Jimei Blvd , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Materials Science & Engineering , Huaqiao University , 668 Jimei Blvd , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China.,Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University , College of Chemistry at Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350108 , China.,State Key Laboratroy of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , CAS, Shanghai , 200032 , China
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Chen XB, Xiong SL, Xie ZX, Wang YC, Liu W. Three-Component One-Pot Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Bis-Indole Derivatives. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11832-11837. [PMID: 31460292 PMCID: PMC6682060 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we detail the development of a concise and efficient three-component protocol for the regioselective synthesis of highly functionalized bis-indoles through a one-pot, two-step sequential process starting from enaminones 1, indoles 2, and acenaphthylene-1,2-dione 3 that is catalyzed by piperidine and p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid. This protocol has several advantages including simplicity of experimental operation, high efficiency of bond formation, ready availability and low cost of starting materials, environmentally benign conditions, and target molecular diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Bing Chen
- School
of Science, Honghe University, Mengzi, 661100 Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Li Xiong
- School
of Science, Honghe University, Mengzi, 661100 Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Xu Xie
- School
of Science, Honghe University, Mengzi, 661100 Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Chao Wang
- School
of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan
Normal University, Kunming 650092, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- School
of Science, Honghe University, Mengzi, 661100 Yunnan, P. R. China
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