1
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Dammen-Brower K, Epler P, Zhu S, Bernstein ZJ, Stabach PR, Braddock DT, Spangler JB, Yarema KJ. Strategies for Glycoengineering Therapeutic Proteins. Front Chem 2022; 10:863118. [PMID: 35494652 PMCID: PMC9043614 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.863118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all therapeutic proteins are glycosylated, with the carbohydrate component playing a long-established, substantial role in the safety and pharmacokinetic properties of this dominant category of drugs. In the past few years and moving forward, glycosylation is increasingly being implicated in the pharmacodynamics and therapeutic efficacy of therapeutic proteins. This article provides illustrative examples of drugs that have already been improved through glycoengineering including cytokines exemplified by erythropoietin (EPO), enzymes (ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase 1, ENPP1), and IgG antibodies (e.g., afucosylated Gazyva®, Poteligeo®, Fasenra™, and Uplizna®). In the future, the deliberate modification of therapeutic protein glycosylation will become more prevalent as glycoengineering strategies, including sophisticated computer-aided tools for “building in” glycans sites, acceptance of a broad range of production systems with various glycosylation capabilities, and supplementation methods for introducing non-natural metabolites into glycosylation pathways further develop and become more accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Dammen-Brower
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paige Epler
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stanley Zhu
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zachary J. Bernstein
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paul R. Stabach
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Demetrios T. Braddock
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jamie B. Spangler
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kevin J. Yarema
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Kevin J. Yarema,
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2
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Wu X, Wang R, Qi S, Kwon N, Han J, Kim H, Li H, Yu F, Yoon J. Rational Design of a Highly Selective Near‐Infrared Two‐Photon Fluorogenic Probe for Imaging Orthotopic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Chemotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul 03706 Republic of Korea
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging College of Emergency and Trauma Hainan Medical University Haikou 571199 China
| | - Sujie Qi
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul 03706 Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul 03706 Republic of Korea
| | - Jingjing Han
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul 03706 Republic of Korea
| | - Heejeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul 03706 Republic of Korea
| | - Haidong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul 03706 Republic of Korea
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging College of Emergency and Trauma Hainan Medical University Haikou 571199 China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul 03706 Republic of Korea
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3
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Wu X, Wang R, Qi S, Kwon N, Han J, Kim H, Li H, Yu F, Yoon J. Rational Design of a Highly Selective Near‐Infrared Two‐Photon Fluorogenic Probe for Imaging Orthotopic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Chemotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15418-15425. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul 03706 Republic of Korea
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging College of Emergency and Trauma Hainan Medical University Haikou 571199 China
| | - Sujie Qi
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul 03706 Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul 03706 Republic of Korea
| | - Jingjing Han
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul 03706 Republic of Korea
| | - Heejeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul 03706 Republic of Korea
| | - Haidong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul 03706 Republic of Korea
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging College of Emergency and Trauma Hainan Medical University Haikou 571199 China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Ewha Womans University Seoul 03706 Republic of Korea
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4
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Wu X, An JM, Shang J, Huh E, Qi S, Lee E, Li H, Kim G, Ma H, Oh MS, Kim D, Yoon J. A molecular approach to rationally constructing specific fluorogenic substrates for the detection of acetylcholinesterase activity in live cells, mice brains and tissues. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11285-11292. [PMID: 34094370 PMCID: PMC8162927 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04213g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an extremely critical hydrolase tightly associated with neurological diseases. Currently, developing specific substrates for imaging AChE activity still remains a great challenge due to the interference from butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and carboxylesterase (CE). Herein, we propose an approach to designing specific substrates for AChE detection by combining dimethylcarbamate choline with a self-immolative scaffold. The representative P10 can effectively eliminate the interference from CE and BChE. The high specificity of P10 has been proved via imaging AChE activity in cells. Moreover, P10 can also be used to successfully map AChE activity in different regions of a normal mouse brain, which may provide important data for AChE evaluation in clinical studies. Such a rational and effective approach can also provide a solid basis for designing probes with different properties to study AChE in biosystems and another way to design specific substrates for other enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min An
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Jizhen Shang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Eugene Huh
- Department of Medical Science of Meridian, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Sujie Qi
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Haidong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoungmi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Huimin Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
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5
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Tamura R, Balabanova A, Frakes SA, Bargmann A, Grimm J, Koch TH, Yin H. Photoactivatable Prodrug of Doxazolidine Targeting Exosomes. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1959-1970. [PMID: 30703330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural lipid nanocarriers, exosomes, carry cell-signaling materials such as DNA and RNA for intercellular communications. Exosomes derived from cancer cells contribute to the progression and metastasis of cancer cells by transferring oncogenic signaling molecules to neighboring and remote premetastatic sites. Therefore, applying the unique properties of exosomes for cancer therapy has been expected in science, medicine, and drug discovery fields. Herein, we report that an exosome-targeting prodrug system, designated MARCKS-ED-photodoxaz, could spatiotemporally control the activation of an exquisitely cytotoxic agent, doxazolidine (doxaz), with UV light. The MARCKS-ED peptide enters a cell by forming a complex with the exosomes in situ at its plasma membrane and in the media. MARCKS-ED-photodoxaz releases doxaz under near-UV irradiation to inhibit cell growth with low nanomolar IC50 values. The MARCKS-ED-photodoxaz system targeting exosomes and utilizing photochemistry will potentially provide a new approach for the treatment of cancer, especially for highly progressive and invasive metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tamura
- Molecular Pharmacology Program , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Jan Grimm
- Molecular Pharmacology Program , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | | | - Hang Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100082 , China
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6
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Singh N, Dar AA, Kumar A. A Simple and Efficient Approach for the Synthesis of 1,3-Oxazolidines from β-Amino Alcohols Using Grinding Technique. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasseb Singh
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory; Faculty of Sciences; Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Katra; Jammu and Kashmir - 182320 India
| | - Alamgir A. Dar
- Bioorganic Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, J & K 180 001 India
- Research Centre for Residue and Quality Analysis; Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology Kashmir; Srinagar - 190025, J & K India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory; Faculty of Sciences; Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Katra; Jammu and Kashmir - 182320 India
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7
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Kumar SV, Ma D. Synthesis of N-(Hetero)aryl Carbamates via CuI/MNAO Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of (Hetero)aryl Halides with Potassium Cyanate in Alcohols. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2706-2713. [PMID: 29406714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient route to N-(hetero)aryl carbamates was developed through CuI/MNAO [2-((2-methylnaphthalen-1-yl)amino)-2-oxoacetic acid] catalyzed cross-coupling of (hetero)aryl chlorides with potassium cyanate in alcohols at 120-130 °C. This method utilizes broadly available substrates to afford various N-(hetero)aryl carbamates in good to excellent yields. Moreover, (hetero)aryl bromides and (hetero)aryl iodides were also reacted at low catalyst loadings and relatively low temperatures to provide N-(hetero)aryl carbamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vijay Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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8
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Singh H, Kim SJ, Kang DH, Kim HR, Sharma A, Kim WY, Kang C, Kim JS. Glycyrrhetinic acid as a hepatocyte targeting unit for an anticancer drug delivery system with enhanced cell type selectivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12353-12356. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05175e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we explore glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) as an active targeting ligand for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using a small molecule approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardev Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 02841
- Korea
| | - Seo Jin Kim
- The School of East-West Medical Science
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin 17104
- Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Kang
- Asan Medical Center
- College of Medicine, University of Ulsan
- Seoul 138-736
- Korea
| | - Hye-Ri Kim
- The School of East-West Medical Science
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin 17104
- Korea
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 02841
- Korea
| | - Won Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 02841
- Korea
| | - Chulhun Kang
- The School of East-West Medical Science
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin 17104
- Korea
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9
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Tak RK, Kumar M, Nazish M, Menapara TK, Kureshy RI, Khan NUH. Development of recyclable chiral macrocyclic metal complexes for asymmetric aminolysis of epoxides: application for the synthesis of an enantiopure oxazolidine ring. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02960a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic Cr(iii)-salen complexes were synthesized for the ring opening reaction of various epoxides with anilines to furnish the corresponding β-amino-α-hydroxyl esters and β-amino alcohols with excellent ee/yield upto 99/95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Tak
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI)
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI)
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
| | - Mohd Nazish
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI)
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
| | - Tushar Kumar Menapara
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI)
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
| | - Rukhsana I. Kureshy
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI)
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
| | - Noor-ul H. Khan
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI)
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar-364 002
- India
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10
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Acar H, Samaeekia R, Schnorenberg MR, Sasmal DK, Huang J, Tirrell MV, LaBelle JL. Cathepsin-Mediated Cleavage of Peptides from Peptide Amphiphiles Leads to Enhanced Intracellular Peptide Accumulation. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2316-2326. [PMID: 28771332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Peptides synthesized in the likeness of their native interaction domain(s) are natural choices to target protein-protein interactions (PPIs) due to their fidelity of orthostatic contact points between binding partners. Despite therapeutic promise, intracellular delivery of biofunctional peptides at concentrations necessary for efficacy remains a formidable challenge. Peptide amphiphiles (PAs) provide a facile method of intracellular delivery and stabilization of bioactive peptides. PAs consisting of biofunctional peptide headgroups linked to hydrophobic alkyl lipid-like tails prevent peptide hydrolysis and proteolysis in circulation, and PA monomers are internalized via endocytosis. However, endocytotic sequestration and steric hindrance from the lipid tail are two major mechanisms that limit PA efficacy to target intracellular PPIs. To address these problems, we have constructed a PA platform consisting of cathepsin-B cleavable PAs in which a selective p53-based inhibitory peptide is cleaved from its lipid tail within endosomes, allowing for intracellular peptide accumulation and extracellular recycling of the lipid moiety. We monitor for cleavage and follow individual PA components in real time using a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based tracking system. Using this platform, we provide a better understanding and quantification of cellular internalization, trafficking, and endosomal cleavage of PAs and of the ultimate fates of each component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handan Acar
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Eckardt Research Center , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago , 900 East 57th Street, KCBD 5122, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ravand Samaeekia
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Eckardt Research Center , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago , 900 East 57th Street, KCBD 5122, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mathew R Schnorenberg
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Eckardt Research Center , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago , 900 East 57th Street, KCBD 5122, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago , 924 East 57th Street, Suite 104, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Dibyendu K Sasmal
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Eckardt Research Center , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jun Huang
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Eckardt Research Center , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Matthew V Tirrell
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Eckardt Research Center , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Institute for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60639, United States
| | - James L LaBelle
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago , 900 East 57th Street, KCBD 5122, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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11
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Mathew MP, Tan E, Labonte JW, Shah S, Saeui CT, Liu L, Bhattacharya R, Bovonratwet P, Gray JJ, Yarema KJ. Glycoengineering of Esterase Activity through Metabolic Flux-Based Modulation of Sialic Acid. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1204-1215. [PMID: 28218815 PMCID: PMC5757160 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) of intracellular esterase activity in human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In silico analysis of carboxylesterases CES1 and CES2 suggested that these enzymes are modified with sialylated N-glycans, which are proposed to stabilize the active multimeric forms of these enzymes. This premise was supported by treating cells with butanolylated ManNAc to increase sialylation, which in turn increased esterase activity. By contrast, hexosamine analogues not targeted to sialic acid biosynthesis (e.g., butanoylated GlcNAc or GalNAc) had minimal impact. Measurement of mRNA and protein confirmed that esterase activity was controlled through glycosylation and not through transcription or translation. Azide-modified ManNAc analogues widely used in MGE also enhanced esterase activity and provided a way to enrich targeted glycoengineered proteins (such as CES2), thereby providing unambiguous evidence that the compounds were converted to sialosides and installed into the glycan structures of esterases as intended. Overall, this study provides a pioneering example of the modulation of intracellular enzyme activity through MGE, which expands the value of this technology from its current status as a labeling strategy and modulator of cell surface biological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit P. Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
| | - Elaine Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
| | - Jason W. Labonte
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shivam Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
| | - Christopher T. Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
| | - Lingshu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
| | - Rahul Bhattacharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
| | - Patawut Bovonratwet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
| | - Jeffrey J. Gray
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin J. Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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12
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Hou Y, Qin M, Yang X, Shen Q, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Gong P. Palladium-catalyzed three-component tandem cyclization of buta-2,3-dien-1-ol, aryl iodides, and imines: an efficient protocol for the synthesis of oxazolidine derivatives. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27993g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient three-component tandem cyclization reaction for the synthesis of highly substituted oxazolidines was achieved through the Pd0-catalyzed cyclization of buta-2,3-dien-1-ol with aryl iodides and imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University)
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
| | - Mingze Qin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University)
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University)
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University)
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University)
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University)
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Gong
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University)
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
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13
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Tak R, Kumar M, Menapara T, Choudhary MK, Kureshy RI, Khan NUH. Asymmetric Catalytic Syntheses of Pharmaceutically Importantβ-Amino-α-Hydroxyl Esters by Enantioselective Aminolysis of Methyl Phenylglycidate. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Tak
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division; CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute; G. B. Marg Bhavnagar 364021 Gujarat India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI); Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR); G. B. Marg Bhavnagar 364021 Gujarat India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division; CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute; G. B. Marg Bhavnagar 364021 Gujarat India
| | - Tusharkumar Menapara
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division; CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute; G. B. Marg Bhavnagar 364021 Gujarat India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI); Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR); G. B. Marg Bhavnagar 364021 Gujarat India
| | - Manoj Kumar Choudhary
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division; CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute; G. B. Marg Bhavnagar 364021 Gujarat India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI); Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR); G. B. Marg Bhavnagar 364021 Gujarat India
| | - Rukhsana I. Kureshy
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division; CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute; G. B. Marg Bhavnagar 364021 Gujarat India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI); Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR); G. B. Marg Bhavnagar 364021 Gujarat India
| | - Noor-ul H. Khan
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division; CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute; G. B. Marg Bhavnagar 364021 Gujarat India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI); Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR); G. B. Marg Bhavnagar 364021 Gujarat India
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14
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Barthel BL, Mooz EL, Wiener LE, Koch GG, Koch TH. Correlation of in Situ Oxazolidine Formation with Highly Synergistic Cytotoxicity and DNA Cross-Linking in Cancer Cells from Combinations of Doxorubicin and Formaldehyde. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2205-21. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Barthel
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Erin L. Mooz
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Laura Elizabeth Wiener
- Department
of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gary G. Koch
- Department
of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Tad H. Koch
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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15
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Surnar B, Subash PP, Jayakannan M. Biodegradable Block Copolymer Scaffolds for Loading and Delivering Cisplatin Anticancer Drug. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201400030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Chirapu SR, Bauman JN, Eng H, Goosen TC, Strelevitz TJ, Sinha SC, Dow RL, Finn MG. Undesired versus designed enzymatic cleavage of linkers for liver targeting. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1144-7. [PMID: 24461291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A design for the selective release of drug molecules in the liver was tested, involving the attachment of a representative active agent by an ester linkage to various 2-substituted 5-aminovaleric acid carbamates. The anticipated pathway of carboxylesterase-1-mediated carbamate cleavage followed by lactamization and drug release was frustrated by unexpectedly high sensitivity of the ester linkage toward hydrolysis by carboxylesterase-2 and other microsomal components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas R Chirapu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jonathan N Bauman
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Heather Eng
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Theunis C Goosen
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | - Subhash C Sinha
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robert L Dow
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - M G Finn
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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17
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Pramod PS, Takamura K, Chaphekar S, Balasubramanian N, Jayakannan M. Dextran vesicular carriers for dual encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules and delivery into cells. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:3627-40. [PMID: 23082727 PMCID: PMC6314440 DOI: 10.1021/bm301583s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dextran vesicular nanoscaffolds were developed based on polysaccharide and renewable resource alkyl tail for dual encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules (or drugs) and delivery into cells. The roles of the hydrophobic segments on the molecular self-organization of dextran backbone into vesicles or nanoparticles were investigated in detail. Dextran vesicles were found to be a unique dual carrier in which water-soluble molecules (like Rhodamine-B, Rh-B) and polyaromatic anticancer drug (camptothecin, CPT) were selectively encapsulated in the hydrophilic core and hydrophobic layer, respectively. The dextran vesicles were capable of protecting the plasma-sensitive CPT lactone pharmacophore against the hydrolysis by 10× better than the CPT alone in PBS. The aliphatic ester linkage connecting the hydrophobic tail with dextran was found to be cleaved by esterase under physiological conditions for fast releasing of CPT or Rh-B. Cytotoxicity of the dextran vesicle and its drug conjugate were tested on mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) using MTT assay. The dextran vesicular scaffold was found to be nontoxic to living cells. CPT loaded vesicles were found to be 2.5-fold more effective in killing fibroblasts compared to that of CPT alone in PBS. Confocal microscopic images confirmed that both Rh-B and CPT loaded vesicles to be taken up by fibroblasts compared to CPT alone, showing a distinctly perinuclear localization in cells. The custom designed dextran vesicular provides new research opportunities for dual loading and delivering of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. S. Pramod
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune–411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kathryn Takamura
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune–411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sonali Chaphekar
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune–411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nagaraj Balasubramanian
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune–411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - M. Jayakannan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune–411008, Maharashtra, India
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18
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Yang X, Zhang Y, Ma D. Synthesis of Aryl Carbamates
via
Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Halides with Potassium Cyanate. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Yang
- Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China, Fax: (+86)‐21‐6416‐6128
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19
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Barthel BL, Rudnicki DL, Kirby TP, Colvin SM, Burkhart DJ, Koch TH. Synthesis and biological characterization of protease-activated prodrugs of doxazolidine. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6595-607. [PMID: 22742660 DOI: 10.1021/jm300714p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Doxazolidine (doxaz) is a new anthracycline anticancer agent. While structurally similar to doxorubicin (dox), doxaz acts via a distinct mechanism to selectively enhance anticancer activity over cardiotoxicity, the most significant clinical impediment to successful anthracycline treatment. Here, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a prodrug platform designed for doxaz release mediated by secreted proteolytic activity, a common association with invasiveness and poor prognosis in cancer patients. GaFK-Doxaz is hydrolyzable by the proteases plasmin and cathepsin B, both strongly linked with cancer progression, as well as trypsin. We demonstrate that activation of GaFK-Doxaz releases highly potent doxaz that powerfully inhibits the growth of a wide variety of cancer cells (average IC(50) of 8 nM). GaFK-Doxaz is stable in human plasma and is poorly membrane permeable, thereby limiting activation to locally secreted proteolytic activity and reducing the likelihood of severe side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Barthel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0215, USA
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20
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Forrest RA, Swift LP, Rephaeli A, Nudelman A, Kimura KI, Phillips DR, Cutts SM. Activation of DNA damage response pathways as a consequence of anthracycline-DNA adduct formation. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:1602-12. [PMID: 22414726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of doxorubicin, a clinically used anti-neoplastic drug, can be enhanced by formaldehyde (either endogenous or exogenous) to promote the formation of doxorubicin-DNA adducts. Formaldehyde supplies the carbon required for the covalent linkage of doxorubicin to one strand of DNA, with hydrogen bonds stabilising the doxorubicin mono-adduct to the other strand of DNA, to act much like an interstrand crosslink. Interstrand crosslinks present a major challenge for cellular repair processes, requiring the activation of numerous DNA damage response proteins for resolution of the resulting DNA intermediates and damage. This work investigates DNA damage response proteins activated by doxorubicin-DNA adducts. Although p53 was phosphorylated at Serine 15 in response to adducts, long term growth inhibition of mammalian cells was not affected by p53 status. Using siRNA technology and kinase inhibitors we observed enhanced cellular sensitivity to doxorubicin-DNA adducts when the activity of the signalling protein kinases ATM and ATR were lost. Cells synchronised using a double thymidine block were sensitised to adduct-initiated cell death upon ATR knockdown, but relatively unaffected by ATM knockdown. Loss of ATR was associated with abrogation of a drug-induced G(2)/M block and induction of mitotic catastrophe, while loss of ATM was associated with drug-induced apoptosis in non-synchronised cells. These proteins may therefore be potential drug targets to achieve synergistic cytotoxic responses to doxorubicin-DNA adduct forming therapies. The analysis of these protein kinases with respect to cell cycle progression indicates that ATR is required for G(2)/M checkpoint responses while ATM appears to function in G(1) mediated responses to anthracycline adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Forrest
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
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21
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22
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Vacondio F, Silva C, Mor M, Testa B. Qualitative structure-metabolism relationships in the hydrolysis of carbamates. Drug Metab Rev 2011; 42:551-89. [PMID: 20441444 DOI: 10.3109/03602531003745960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this review were 1) to compile a large number of reliable literature data on the metabolic hydrolysis of medicinal carbamates and 2) to extract from such data a qualitative relation between molecular structure and lability to metabolic hydrolysis. The compounds were classified according to the nature of their substituents (R³OCONR¹R²), and a metabolic lability score was calculated for each class. A trend emerged, such that the metabolic lability of carbamates decreased (i.e., their metabolic stability increased), in the following series: Aryl-OCO-NHAlkyl >> Alkyl-OCO-NHAlkyl ~ Alkyl-OCO-N(Alkyl)₂ ≥ Alkyl-OCO-N(endocyclic) ≥ Aryl-OCO-N(Alkyl)₂ ~ Aryl-OCO-N(endocyclic) ≥ Alkyl-OCO-NHAryl ~ Alkyl-OCO-NHAcyl >> Alkyl-OCO-NH₂ > Cyclic carbamates. This trend should prove useful in the design of carbamates as drugs or prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Vacondio
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy.
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23
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Shen YM, Lv PC, Zhang MZ, Xiao HQ, Deng LP, Zhu HL, Qi CZ. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of multisubstituted N-fused heterocycles against the Hep-G2 cancer cell line. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-011-0469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Marriner GA, Nayyar A, Uh E, Wong SY, Mukherjee T, Via LE, Carroll M, Edwards RL, Gruber TD, Choi I, Lee J, Arora K, England KD, Boshoff HIM, Barry CE. The Medicinal Chemistry of Tuberculosis Chemotherapy. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2011_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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25
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Zhu ZW, Shi L, Ruan XM, Yang Y, Li HQ, Xu SP, Zhu HL. Synthesis and antiproliferative activities against Hep-G2 of salicylanide derivatives: potent inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 26:37-45. [PMID: 20583855 DOI: 10.3109/14756361003671060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of salicylanilide derivatives (compounds 1-32) were synthesised by reacting substituted salicylic acids and anilines. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined by (1)H-NMR, electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and elemental analysis. The compounds were assayed for their antiproliferative activities against the Hep-G2 cell line by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Among the compounds tested, 22 and 28 showed the most favouable antiproliferative activities with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values of 1.7 and 1.3 μM, respectively, which were comparable to the positive control of 5-fluorouracil (IC(50)=1.8 μM). A solid-phase ELISA assay was also performed to evaluate the ability of compounds 1-32 to inhibit the autophosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR TK). Docking simulations of 22 and 28 were carried out to illustrate the binding mode of the molecule into the EGFR active site, and the result suggested that both compounds 22 and 28 could bind the EGFR kinase well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Wei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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26
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Ugarenko M, Nudelman A, Rephaeli A, Kimura KI, Phillips DR, Cutts SM. ABT-737 overcomes Bcl-2 mediated resistance to doxorubicin–DNA adducts. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 79:339-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Barthel BL, Zhang Z, Rudnicki DL, Coldren CD, Polinkovsky M, Sun H, Koch GG, Chan DCF, Koch TH. Preclinical efficacy of a carboxylesterase 2-activated prodrug of doxazolidine. J Med Chem 2009; 52:7678-88. [PMID: 19634903 DOI: 10.1021/jm900694z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Doxazolidine (Doxaz) is a functionally distinct formaldehyde conjugate of doxorubicin (Dox) that induces cancer cell death in Dox-sensitive and resistant cells. Pentyl PABC-Doxaz (PPD) is a prodrug of Doxaz that is activated by carboxylesterase 2 (CES2), which is expressed by liver, non-small-cell lung, colon, pancreatic, renal, and thyroid cancer cells. Here, we demonstrate that in two murine models, PPD was effective at slowing tumor growth and demonstrated markedly reduced cardiotoxic and nephrotoxic effects, as well as better tolerance, relative to Dox. Hepatotoxicity, consistent with liver expression of the murine CES2 homologue, was induced by PPD. Unlike irinotecan, a clinical CES2-activated prodrug, PPD produced no visible gastrointestinal damage. Finally, we demonstrate that cellular response to PPD may be predicted with good accuracy using CES2 expression and Doxaz sensitivity, suggesting that these metrics may be useful as clinical biomarkers for sensitivity of a specific tumor to PPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Barthel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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28
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Synthesis and evaluation of carbamate prodrugs of SQ109 as antituberculosis agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2808-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Cardiomyocyte death in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2009; 57:435-45. [PMID: 19866340 PMCID: PMC2809808 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-009-0051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most widely used and successful antitumor drugs, but its cumulative and dose-dependent cardiac toxicity has been a major concern of oncologists in cancer therapeutic practice for decades. With the increasing population of cancer survivors, there is a growing need to develop preventive strategies and effective therapies against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, in particular late-onset cardiomyopathy. Although intensive investigations on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity have continued for decades, the underlying mechanisms responsible for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity have not been completely elucidated. A rapidly expanding body of evidence supports the notion that cardiomyocyte death by apoptosis and necrosis is a primary mechanism of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy and that other types of cell death, such as autophagy and senescence/aging, may participate in this process. This review focuses on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying DOX-induced cardiomyocyte death, including the major primary mechanism of excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other recently discovered ROS-independent mechanisms. The different sensitivities to DOX-induced cell death signals between adult and young cardiomyocytes will also be discussed.
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30
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Kratz F, Müller I, Ryppa C, Warnecke A. Prodrug Strategies in Anticancer Chemotherapy. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:20-53. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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31
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Barthel BL, Torres RC, Hyatt JL, Edwards CC, Hatfield MJ, Potter PM, Koch TH. Identification of Human Intestinal Carboxylesterase as the Primary Enzyme for Activation of a Doxazolidine Carbamate Prodrug. J Med Chem 2008; 51:298-304. [DOI: 10.1021/jm7011479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Barthel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794
| | - Renee C. Torres
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794
| | - Janice L. Hyatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794
| | - Carol C. Edwards
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794
| | - M. Jason Hatfield
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794
| | - Philip M. Potter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794
| | - Tad H. Koch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794
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32
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Vaccaro HA, Zhao Z, Clader JW, Song L, Terracina G, Zhang L, Pissarnitski DA. Solution-phase parallel synthesis of carbamates as gamma-secretase inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 10:56-62. [PMID: 17988101 DOI: 10.1021/cc700100r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel methodology for parallel liquid-phase synthesis of carbamates suitable for the preparation of sterically hindered molecules is disclosed. The alcohols are converted to 4-nitrophenylcarbonates, followed by the reaction with amines. Side product 4-nitrophenol and the unreacted excess amines are scavenged by appropriately chosen cleanup resins, selected among Amberlyst A26 (hydroxide form) and macroporous sulfonic acid (MP-TsOH) or polystyrene isocyanate (PS-NCO) and polystyrene benzaldehyde (PS-PhCHO) resins. As a part of a medicinal chemistry program directed toward finding gamma-secretase inhibitors as prospective drug candidates for Alzheimer's disease, a 6 x 24 library of carbamates was prepared. Out of 144 library members, 133 had a purity for the targeted compound of 80% or better. The prepared compounds were assessed in the gamma-secretase inhibition assay and demonstrated activity with IC 50 values in the range from 1 microM to 5 nM, with the activity of 7 compounds being better than 10 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry A Vaccaro
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA
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33
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Kalet BT, McBryde MB, Espinosa JM, Koch TH. Doxazolidine induction of apoptosis by a topoisomerase II independent mechanism. J Med Chem 2007; 50:4493-500. [PMID: 17696516 PMCID: PMC2919335 DOI: 10.1021/jm070569b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of doxorubicin is compared with that of doxazolidine, a doxorubicin-formaldehyde conjugate. The IC(50) for growth inhibition of 67 human cancer cell lines, but not cardiomyocytes, is 32-fold lower with doxazolidine than with doxorubicin. Growth inhibition by doxazolidine correlates better with growth inhibition by DNA cross-linking agents than with growth inhibition by doxorubicin. Doxorubicin induces G2/M arrest in HCT-116 colon cancer cells and HL-60 leukemia cells through a well-documented topoisomerase II dependent mechanism. Doxazolidine fails to induce a G2/M arrest in HCT-116 cells but induces apoptosis 4-fold better than doxorubicin. The IC(50) for doxazolidine growth inhibition of HL-60/MX2 cells, a topoisomerase II deficient derivative of HL-60 cells, is 1420-fold lower than the IC(50) for doxorubicin, and doxazolidine induces apoptosis 15-fold better. Further, doxazolidine has little effect in a topoisomerase II activity assay. These data indicate that doxorubicin and doxazolidine induce apoptosis via different mechanisms and doxazolidine cytotoxicity is topoisomerase II independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T. Kalet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Meagan B. McBryde
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Joaquin M. Espinosa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Tad H. Koch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0215. Phone: 303-492-6193; Fax: 303-492-5894.
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34
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Rephaeli A, Waks-Yona S, Nudelman A, Tarasenko I, Tarasenko N, Phillips DR, Cutts SM, Kessler-Icekson G. Anticancer prodrugs of butyric acid and formaldehyde protect against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Br J Cancer 2007; 96:1667-74. [PMID: 17473824 PMCID: PMC2359917 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde has been previously shown to play a dominant role in promoting synergy between doxorubicin (Dox) and formaldehyde-releasing butyric acid (BA) prodrugs in killing cancer cells. In this work, we report that these prodrugs also protect neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and adult mice against toxicity elicited by Dox. In cardiomyocytes treated with Dox, the formaldehyde releasing prodrugs butyroyloxymethyl diethylphosphate (AN-7) and butyroyloxymethyl butyrate (AN-1), but not the corresponding acetaldehyde-releasing butyroyloxydiethyl phosphate (AN-88) or butyroyloxyethyl butyrate (AN-11), reduced lactate dehydrogenase leakage, prevented loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim) and attenuated upregulation of the proapoptotic gene Bax. In Dox-treated mice, AN-7 but not AN-88 attenuated weight-loss and mortality, and increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase. These findings show that BA prodrugs that release formaldehyde and augment Dox anticancer activity also protect against Dox cardiotoxicity. Based on these observations, clinical applications of these prodrugs for patients treated with Dox warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rephaeli
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel-Aviv University, Beilinson Campus, Petach-Tikva, 49100, Israel.
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35
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Wang J, Rochon FD, Yang Y, Hua L, Kayser MM. Synthesis of oxazolidines using DMSO/P4O10 as a formaldehyde equivalent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Anthracycline–Formaldehyde Conjugates and Their Targeted Prodrugs. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2007; 283:141-70. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2007_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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