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Hamed OA, Abou-Elmagd El-Sayed N, Mahmoud WR, F Elmasry G. Molecular docking approach for the design and synthesis of new pyrazolopyrimidine analogs of roscovitine as potential CDK2 inhibitors endowed with pronounced anticancer activity. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107413. [PMID: 38696844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is a vital protein for controlling cell cycle progression that is critically associated with various malignancies and its inhibition could offer a convenient therapeutic approach in designing anticancer remedies. Consequently, this study aimed to design and synthesize new CDK2 inhibitors featuring roscovitine as a template model. The purine ring of roscovitine was bioisosterically replaced with the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold, in addition to some modifications in the side chains. A preliminary molecular docking study for the target chemotypes in the CDK2 binding domain revealed their ability to accomplish similar binding patterns and interactions to that of the lead compound roscovitine. Afterwards, synthesis of the new derivatives was accomplished. Then, the initial anticancer screening at a single dose by the NCI revealed that compounds 7a, 9c, 11c, 17a and 17b achieved the highest GI% values reaching up to 150 % indicating their remarkable activity. These derivatives were subsequently selected to undertake five-dose testing, where compounds 7a, 9c, 11c and 17a unveiled the most pronounced activity against almost the full panel with GI50 ranges; 1.41-28.2, 0.116-2.39, 0.578-60.6 and 1.75-42.4 µM, respectively and full panel GI50 (MG-MID); 8.24, 0.6, 2.46 and 6.84 µM, respectively. CDK2 inhibition assay presented compounds 7a and 9c as the most potent inhibitors with IC50 values of 0.262 and 0.281 µM, respectively which are nearly 2.4 folds higher than the reference ligand roscovitine (IC50 = 0.641 µM). Besides, flow cytometric analysis on the most susceptible and safe cell lines depicted that 7a caused cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase in renal cancer cell line (RXF393) while 9c led to cell growth arrest at S phase in breast cancer cell line (T-47D) along with pronounced apoptotic induction in the mentioned cell lines. These findings afforded new anticancer pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, roscovitine analogs, acting via CDK2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Alaa Hamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehad Abou-Elmagd El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa R Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada F Elmasry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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2
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Verma M, Trivedi L, Vasudev PG. Interaction Patterns of Pyrazolopyrimidines with Receptor Proteins. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:2331-2344. [PMID: 37023262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds have a prominent role in medicinal chemistry and drug design. They are not only useful as medicinally active compounds but also as a modular structural scaffold for drug design. Therefore, heterocycles are present in many ligands that exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities. Pyazolopyrimidines are nitrogen heterocycles and are part of many biologically active compounds and marketed drugs. This study examines the non-covalent interactions between the pyrazolopyrimidine rings and receptor proteins through data mining and analysis of high-resolution crystal structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank. The Protein Data Bank contains 471 crystal structures with pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives as ligands, among which 50% contains 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines (Pyp1), while 38% contains pyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidines (Pyp2). 1H-Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines (Pyp3) are found in 11% of the structures, and no structural data is available for pyrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine isomers (Pyp4). Among receptor proteins, transferases are found in most examples (67.5%), followed by hydrolases (13.4%) and oxidoreductases (8.9%). Detailed analysis of structures to identify the most prevalent interactions of pyrazolopyrimidines with proteins shows that aromatic π···π interactions are present in ∼91% of the structures and hydrogen bonds/other polar contacts are present in ∼73% of the structures. The centroid-centroid distances (dcent) between the pyrazolopyrimidine rings and aromatic side chains of the proteins have been retrieved from crystal structures recorded at a high resolution (data resolution <2.0 Å). The average value of dcent in pyrazolopyrimidine-protein complexes is 5.32 Å. The information on the geometric parameters of aromatic interactions between the core pyrazolopyrimidine ring and the protein would be helpful in future in silico modeling studies on pyrazolopyrimidine-receptor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Verma
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 220025, India
| | - Laxmikant Trivedi
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Prema G Vasudev
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 220025, India
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3
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Characterization of new highly selective pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine inhibitor of CDK7. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114492. [PMID: 36931035 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) provides an interesting therapeutic option in cancer therapy because this kinase participates in regulating the cell cycle and transcription. Here, we describe a new trisubstituted pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivative, LGR6768, that inhibits CDK7 in the nanomolar range and displays favourable selectivity across the CDK family. We determined the structure of fully active CDK2/cyclin A2 in complex with LGR6768 at 2.6 Å resolution using X-ray crystallography, revealing conserved interactions within the active site. Structural analysis and comparison with LGR6768 docked to CDK7 provides an explanation of the observed biochemical selectivity, which is linked to a conformational difference in the biphenyl moiety. In cellular experiments, LGR6768 affected regulation of the cell cycle and transcription by inhibiting the phosphorylation of cell cycle CDKs and the carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, respectively. LGR6768 limited the proliferation of several leukaemia cell lines, triggered significant changes in protein and mRNA levels related to CDK7 inhibition and induced apoptosis in dose- and time-dependent experiments. Our work supports previous findings and provides further information for the development of selective CDK7 inhibitors.
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Recent Advancement in Drug Design and Discovery of Pyrazole Biomolecules as Cancer and Inflammation Therapeutics. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248708. [PMID: 36557840 PMCID: PMC9780894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazole, an important pharmacophore and a privileged scaffold of immense significance, is a five-membered heterocyclic moiety with an extensive therapeutic profile, viz., anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-anxiety, anticancer, analgesic, antipyretic, etc. Due to the expansion of pyrazolecent red pharmacological molecules at a quicker pace, there is an urgent need to put emphasis on recent literature with hitherto available information to recognize the status of this scaffold for pharmaceutical research. The reported potential pyrazole-containing compounds are highlighted in the manuscript for the treatment of cancer and inflammation, and the results are mentioned in % inhibition of inflammation, % growth inhibition, IC50, etc. Pyrazole is an important heterocyclic moiety with a strong pharmacological profile, which may act as an important pharmacophore for the drug discovery process. In the struggle to cultivate suitable anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents, chemists have now focused on pyrazole biomolecules. This review conceals the recent expansion of pyrazole biomolecules as anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents with an aim to provide better correlation among different research going around the world.
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Jorda R, Havlíček L, Peřina M, Vojáčková V, Pospíšil T, Djukic S, Škerlová J, Grúz J, Renešová N, Klener P, Řezáčová P, Strnad M, Kryštof V. 3,5,7-Substituted Pyrazolo[4,3- d]Pyrimidine Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases and Cyclin K Degraders. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8881-8896. [PMID: 35749742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
3,5,7-Trisubstituted pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines have been identified as potent inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which are established drug targets. Herein, we describe their further structural modifications leading to novel nanomolar inhibitors with strong antiproliferative activity. We determined the crystal structure of fully active CDK2/A2 with 5-(2-amino-1-ethyl)thio-3-cyclobutyl-7-[4-(pyrazol-1-yl)benzyl]amino-1(2)H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine (24) at 1.7 Å resolution, confirming the competitive mode of inhibition. Biochemical and cellular assays in lymphoma cell lines confirmed the expected mechanism of action through dephosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein and RNA polymerase II, leading to induction of apoptosis. Importantly, we also revealed an interesting ability of compound 24 to induce proteasome-dependent degradation of cyclin K both in vitro and in a patient-derived xenograft in vivo. We propose that 24 has a dual mechanism of action, acting as a kinase inhibitor and as a molecular glue inducing an interaction between CDK12 and DDB1 that leads to polyubiquitination of cyclin K and its subsequent degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Jorda
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Havlíček
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Peřina
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vojáčková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Pospíšil
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Djukic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Škerlová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Grúz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Nicol Renešová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Charles University, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Klener
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Charles University, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic.,First Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Řezáčová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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6
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Klásek A, Lyčka A, Křemen F, Růžička A, Rouchal M. Molecular Rearrangement of Pyrazino[2,3- c]quinolin-5(6 H)-ones during Their Reaction with Isocyanic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105481. [PMID: 35628291 PMCID: PMC9143794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
New tetrahydropyrazino[2,3-c]quinolin-5(6H)-ones were prepared from 3-chloroquinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones and ethylene diamine. In their reaction with HNCO, an unprecedented molecular rearrangement produced new types of hydantoin derivatives. All prepared compounds were characterized on the basis of their 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR and ESI mass spectra and some were authenticated by X-ray analysis of single crystalline material. A proposed mechanism for rearrangement is discussed in this essay. The CDK and ABL inhibition activity as well as in vitro cytotoxicity of the prepared compounds was also tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonín Klásek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (F.K.)
| | - Antonín Lyčka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 530 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Filip Křemen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (F.K.)
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic;
| | - Michal Rouchal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (F.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-57-603-1432
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7
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Abdelgawad MA, Elkanzi NA, Nayl A, Musa A, Hadal Alotaibi N, Arafa W, Gomha SM, Bakr RB. Targeting tumor cells with pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold: A literature review on synthetic approaches, structure activity relationship, structural and target-based mechanisms. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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8
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THZ531 Induces a State of BRCAness in Multiple Myeloma Cells: Synthetic Lethality with Combination Treatment of THZ 531 with DNA Repair Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031207. [PMID: 35163134 PMCID: PMC8835885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological disease marked by abnormal growth of B cells in bone marrow. Inherent chromosomal instability and DNA damage are major hallmarks of MM, which implicates an aberrant DNA repair mechanism. Studies have implicated a role for CDK12 in the control of expression of DNA damage response genes. In this study, we examined the effect of a small molecule inhibitor of CDK12–THZ531 on MM cells. Treatment of MM cells with THZ531 led to heightened cell death accompanied by an extensive effect on gene expression changes. In particular, we observed downregulation of genes involved in DNA repair pathways. With this insight, we extended our study to identify synthetic lethal mechanisms that could be exploited for the treatment of MM cells. Combination of THZ531 with either DNA-PK inhibitor (KU-0060648) or PARP inhibitor (Olaparib) led to synergistic cell death. In addition, combination treatment of THZ531 with Olaparib significantly reduced tumor burden in animal models. Our findings suggest that using a CDK12 inhibitor in combination with other DNA repair inhibitors may establish an effective therapeutic regimen to benefit myeloma patients.
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Li W, Zhang J, Wang M, Dong R, Zhou X, Zheng X, Sun L. Pyrimidine-fused Dinitrogenous Penta-heterocycles as a Privileged Scaffold for Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:284-304. [PMID: 35021973 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220111143949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrimidine-fused derivatives that are the inextricable part of DNA and RNA play a key role in the normal life cycle of cells. Pyrimidine-fused dinitrogenous penta-heterocycles including pyrazolopyrimidines and imidazopyrimidines is a special class of pyrimidine-fused compounds contributing to an important portion in anti-cancer drug discovery, which have been discovered as core structure for promising anti-cancer agents used in clinic or clinical evaluations. Pyrimidine-fused dinitrogenous penta-heterocycles have become one privileged scaffold for anti-cancer drug discovery. This review consists of the recent progress of pyrimidine-fused dinitrogenous penta-heterocycles as anti-cancer agents and their synthetic strategies. In addition, this review also summarizes some key structure-activity relationships (SARs) of pyrimidine-fused dinitrogenous penta-heterocycle derivatives as anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ru Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Liping Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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Asati V, Anant A, Patel P, Kaur K, Gupta GD. Pyrazolopyrimidines as anticancer agents: A review on structural and target-based approaches. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113781. [PMID: 34438126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold is one of the privileged heterocycles in drug discovery. This scaffold produced numerous biological activities in which anticancer is important one. Previous studies showed its importance in interactions with various receptors such as growth factor receptor, TGFBR2 gene, CDK2/cyclin E and Abl kinase, adenosine receptor, calcium-dependent Protein Kinase, Pim-1 kinase, Potent Janus kinase 2, BTK kinase, P21-activated kinase 1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2, histone lysine demethylase and Human Kinesin-5. However, there is a need of numerous studies for the discovery of target based potential compounds. The structure activity relationship studies may help to explore the generation of potential compounds in short time period. Therefore, in the present review we tried to explore the structural aspects of Pyrazolopyrimidine with their structure activity relationship against various targets for the development of potential compounds. The current review is the compilation of significant advances made on Pyrazolopyrimidines reported between 2015 and 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Asati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
| | - Arjun Anant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Preeti Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Kamalpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - G D Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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Adamantane-Substituted Purines and Their β-Cyclodextrin Complexes: Synthesis and Biological Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312675. [PMID: 34884480 PMCID: PMC8657435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play an important role in the cell-division cycle. Synthetic inhibitors of CDKs are based on 2,6,9-trisubstituted purines and are developed as potential anticancer drugs; however, they have low solubility in water. In this study, we proved that the pharmaco-chemical properties of purine-based inhibitors can be improved by appropriate substitution with the adamantane moiety. We prepared ten new purine derivatives with adamantane skeletons that were linked at position 6 using phenylene spacers of variable geometry and polarity. We demonstrated that the adamantane skeleton does not compromise the biological activity, and some of the new purines displayed even higher inhibition activity towards CDK2/cyclin E than the parental compounds. These findings were supported by a docking study, which showed an adamantane scaffold inside the binding pocket participating in the complex stabilisation with non-polar interactions. In addition, we demonstrated that β-cyclodextrin (CD) increases the drug’s solubility in water, although this is at the cost of reducing the biochemical and cellular effect. Most likely, the drug concentration, which is necessary for target engagement, was decreased by competitive drug binding within the complex with β-CD.
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12
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Mahapatra A, Prasad T, Sharma T. Pyrimidine: a review on anticancer activity with key emphasis on SAR. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cancer is a global health challenge, it impacts the quality of life and its treatment is associated with several side effects. Resistance of the cancer cells to the existing drugs has led to search for novel anticancer agents. Pyrimidine, a privileged scaffold, is part of living organisms and plays vital role in various biological procedures as well as in cancer pathogenesis. Due to resemblance in structure with the nucleotide base pair of DNA and RNA, it is recognized as valuable compound in the treatment of cancer.
Main text
Many novel pyrimidine derivatives have been designed and developed for their anticancer activity in the last few years. The present review aims to focus on the structure activity relationship (SAR) of pyrimidine derivatives as anticancer agent from the last decade.
Conclusion
This review intends to assist in the development of more potent and efficacious anticancer drugs with pyrimidine scaffold.
Graphical abstract
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13
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Baillache DJ, Unciti-Broceta A. Recent developments in anticancer kinase inhibitors based on the pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine scaffold. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1112-1135. [PMID: 33479617 PMCID: PMC7652001 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00227e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines have become of significant interest for the medicinal chemistry community as a privileged scaffold for the development of kinase inhibitors to treat a range of diseases, including cancer. This fused nitrogen-containing heterocycle is an isostere of the adenine ring of ATP, allowing the molecules to mimic hinge region binding interactions in kinase active sites. Similarities in kinase ATP sites can be exploited to direct the activity and selectivity of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines to multiple oncogenic targets through focussed chemical modification. As a result, pharma and academic efforts have succeeded in progressing several pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines to clinical trials, including the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib, which has been approved for the treatment of several B-cell cancers. In this review, we examine the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines currently in clinical trials for oncology patients, as well as those published in the literature during the last 5 years for different anticancer indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Baillache
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre , Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , University of Edinburgh , Crewe Road South , Edinburgh EH4 2XR , UK .
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre , Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , University of Edinburgh , Crewe Road South , Edinburgh EH4 2XR , UK .
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14
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Scaffold hopping of the SYK inhibitor entospletinib leads to broader targeting of the BCR signalosome. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Bakr RB, Elkanzi NAA. Preparation of some novel thiazolidinones, imidazolinones, and azetidinone bearing pyridine and pyrimidine moieties with antimicrobial activity. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rania B. Bakr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of PharmacyJouf University Sakaka Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyBeni‐Suef University Beni‐Suef Egypt
| | - Nadia A. A. Elkanzi
- Chemistry Department, College of ScienceJouf University P.O. Box: 2014, Sakaka Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceAswan University P.O. Box: 81528, Aswan Egypt
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel histone deacetylase1/2 (HDAC1/2) and cyclin-dependent Kinase2 (CDK2) dual inhibitors against malignant cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 198:112322. [PMID: 32361064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we have designed and synthesized a series of novel histone deacetylase1/2 (HDAC1/2) and cyclin-dependent kinase2 (CDK2) dual inhibitors by integrating purine-based pharmacophore into the recognition cap group of CS055. The representative compound 14d with excellent antiproliferative activities towards five solid cancer cells, showed potent inhibitory activities against HDAC1, HDAC2 and CDK2 with IC50 values of 70.7 nM, 23.1 nM and 0.80 μM, respectively. Besides, compound 14d could effectively block the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and induce apoptosis, which might be related to increasing intracellular ROS levels. Importantly, compound 14d exhibited desirable pharmacokinetic (PK) properties with the intraperitoneal bioavailability of 50.8% in ICR mice, and potent in vivo antitumor activity in the HCT116 xenograft model. Therefore, compound 14d could be considered as a promising lead compound for the development of multitargeting anticancer agents.
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17
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Gourzones C, Bret C, Moreaux J. Treatment May Be Harmful: Mechanisms/Prediction/Prevention of Drug-Induced DNA Damage and Repair in Multiple Myeloma. Front Genet 2019; 10:861. [PMID: 31620167 PMCID: PMC6759943 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy characterized by accumulation of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow (BM). MM is considered mostly without definitive treatment because of the inability of standard of care therapies to overcome drug-resistant relapse. Genotoxic agents are used in the treatment of MM and exploit the fact that DNA double-strand breaks are highly cytotoxic for cancer cells. However, their mutagenic effects are well-established and described. According to these effects, chemotherapy could cause harmful DNA damage associated with new driver genomic abnormalities providing selective advantage, drug resistance, and higher relapse risk. Several mechanisms associated with MM cell (MMC) resistance to genotoxic agents have been described, underlining MM heterogeneity. The understanding of these mechanisms provides several therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance and limit mutagenic effects of treatment in MM. According to this heterogeneity, adopting precision medicine into clinical practice, with the development of biomarkers, has the potential to improve MM disease management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Bret
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, France.,Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Univ Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Jerome Moreaux
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, France.,Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Univ Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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18
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Maher M, Kassab AE, Zaher AF, Mahmoud Z. Novel Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as Potential Cytotoxic Agents: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking and CDK2 Inhibition. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:1368-1381. [PMID: 31038080 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190417153350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold was reported to possess potent cytotoxic and CDK2 inhibitory activity as analogue of roscovitine. OBJECTIVE To design and synthesize novel 1-(4-flourophenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives as bioisosters of roscovitine with potential cytotoxic and CDK2 inhibitory activity. METHODS A series of novel 1-(4-flourophenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines were designed and synthesized. Structural elucidation for all the newly synthesized compounds was achieved through performing MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR spectral techniques. Eight compounds were screened for their cytotoxic activity by National Cancer Institute (USA) against 60 different human cancer cell lines. Compounds 2a, 4, 6, 7b, 8a and 8b were further studied through the determination of their IC50 values against the most sensitive cell lines. The inhibitory activities of compounds 2a and 4 were evaluated against CDK2 enzyme. RESULTS Compound 4 exhibited the most prominent broad-spectrum cytotoxic activity against 42 cell lines representing all human cancer types showing growth inhibition percentages from 53.19 to 99.39. Compound 2a showed promising selectivity against several cell lines. Moreover, all the test compounds exhibited potent cytotoxic activity in nanomolar to micromolar range with IC50 values ranging from 0.58 to 8.32μM. Compound 2a showed significant cytotoxic activity against CNS (SNB-75), lung (NCI-H460) and ovarian (OVCAR-4) cancer cell lines with IC50 values 0.64, 0.78 and 1.9μM, respectively. Compound 4 showed promising potency against leukemia (HL-60) and CNS (SNB-75) cell lines (IC50 = 0.58 and 0.94μM, sequentially). Moreover, the antiproliferative activities of compounds 2a and 4 appeared to correlate well with their ability to inhibit CDK2 at sub-micromolar level (IC50 = 0.69 and 0.67μM, respectively) that were comparable to roscovitine (IC50=0.44μM). The Molecular docking results revealed that compound 4 interacted with the same key amino acids as roscovitine in the active site of CDK2 enzyme with a marked docking score (-14.1031 kcal/mol). CONCLUSION 1-(4-Flourophenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine is a promising scaffold for the design and synthesis of potent cytotoxic leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Maher
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Asmaa E Kassab
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ashraf F Zaher
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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19
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Jorda R, Havlíček L, Šturc A, Tušková D, Daumová L, Alam M, Škerlová J, Nekardová M, Peřina M, Pospíšil T, Široká J, Urbánek L, Pachl P, Řezáčová P, Strnad M, Klener P, Kryštof V. 3,5,7-Substituted Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases and Their Evaluation in Lymphoma Models. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4606-4623. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radek Jorda
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Havlíček
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Šturc
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Diana Tušková
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 53 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Daumová
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 53 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mahmudul Alam
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 53 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Škerlová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Nekardová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Peřina
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Pospíšil
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Široká
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lubor Urbánek
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pachl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Řezáčová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Klener
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 53 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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20
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Afifi OS, Shaaban OG, Abd El Razik HA, Shams El-Dine SEDA, Ashour FA, El-Tombary AA, Abu-Serie MM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of purine-pyrazole hybrids incorporating thiazole, thiazolidinone or rhodanine moiety as 15-LOX inhibitors endowed with anticancer and antioxidant potential. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:821-837. [PMID: 30999135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Novel purine-pyrazole hybrids combining thiazoles, thiazolidinones and rhodanines, were designed and tested as 15-LOX inhibitors, potential anticancer and antioxidant agents. All tested compounds were found to be potent 15-LOX inhibitors with IC50 ranging from 1.76 to 6.12 µM. The prepared compounds were evaluated in vitro against five cancer cell lines: A549 (lung), Caco-2 (colon), PC3 (prostate), MCF-7 (breast) and HepG-2 (liver). Compounds 7b and 8b displayed broad spectrum anticancer activity against the five tested cell lines (IC50 = 18.5-95.39 µM). While, compound 7h demonstrated moderate anticancer activity against lung A549 and colon Caco-2 cell lines. Antioxidant screening revealed that six compounds (5a, 5b, 6b, 7b, 7h and 8b) with IC50 ranging from 0.93 to 14.43 µg/ml were found to be more potent scavengers of 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) than the reference ascorbic acid with IC50 value of 15.34 µg/ml. Compounds 7b, 7h and 8b, when evaluated for their antioxidant activity, where found to be potent DPPH scavengers. Moreover, compound 7b displayed twice the potency of ascorbic acid as NO scavenger. Docking study was performed to elucidate the possible binding mode of the most active compounds with the active site of 15-LOX enzyme. Collectively, the purine-pyrazole hybrids having thiazoline or thizolidinone moieties (7b, 7h and 8b) constitute a promising scaffold in designing more potent 15-LOX inhibitors with anticancer and antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola S Afifi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Omaima G Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Heba A Abd El Razik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | | | - Fawzia A Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Alaa A El-Tombary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
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21
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Cheng W, Yang Z, Wang S, Li Y, Wei H, Tian X, Kan Q. Recent development of CDK inhibitors: An overview of CDK/inhibitor co-crystal structures. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 164:615-639. [PMID: 30639897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are protein-serine/threonine kinases that display crucial effects in regulation of cell cycle and transcription. While the excessive expression of CDKs is intimate related to the development of diseases including cancers, which provides opportunities for disease treatment. A large number of small molecules are explored targeting CDKs. CDK/inhibitor co-crystal structures play an important role during the exploration of inhibitors. So far nine kinds of CDK/inhibitor co-crystals have been determined, they account for the highest proportion among the Protein Data Bank (PDB) deposited crystal structures. Herein, we review main co-crystals of CDKs in complex with corresponding inhibitors reported in recent years, focusing our attention on the binding models and the pharmacological activities of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhiheng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Suhua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Han Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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22
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Yengoyan AP, Shainova RS, Gomktsyan TA, Karapetyan AV. Synthesis of Novel 6-(3,5-Dimethyl-1H-Pyrazol-1-yl)Pyridazin-3(2H)-One Derivatives and their Preliminary Biological Evaluation. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3184/174751918x15389922302823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple and accessible pathways for the synthesis of a series of novel 6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one derivatives including compounds with a combination of a pyrazolyl-pyridazine moiety with pyrimidine, 1,3,5-triazine and 1,3,4-oxadiazole rings in the same molecules were established. The tautomeric structures of 3-oxopyridazine and 5-thioxo-1,3,4-oxadiazole rings and also the position of their alkylation were shown. At preliminary screening the synthesised compounds showed pronounced plant growth stimulant activity. The most active compounds were selected for deeper studies and further field trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr P. Yengoyan
- Department of General and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Russian-Armenian University, 123, H. Emin str., Yerevan, 0051, Armenia
- Laboratory of Pesticides Synthesis and Plant Protection, National Agrarian University of Armenia, 74, Teryan str., Yerevan, 0009, Armenia
| | - Roza S. Shainova
- Department of General and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Russian-Armenian University, 123, H. Emin str., Yerevan, 0051, Armenia
- Laboratory of Pesticides Synthesis and Plant Protection, National Agrarian University of Armenia, 74, Teryan str., Yerevan, 0009, Armenia
| | - Tiruhi A. Gomktsyan
- Laboratory of Pesticides Synthesis and Plant Protection, National Agrarian University of Armenia, 74, Teryan str., Yerevan, 0009, Armenia
| | - Armen V. Karapetyan
- Laboratory of Pesticides Synthesis and Plant Protection, National Agrarian University of Armenia, 74, Teryan str., Yerevan, 0009, Armenia
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23
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Purines and triazolo[4,3-e]purines containing pyrazole moiety as potential anticancer and antioxidant agents. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:1449-1464. [PMID: 29788781 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Targeting apoptosis regulators such as caspases aiming at inducing apoptosis is an attractive strategy in cancer therapy. MATERIALS & METHODS 8-substituted purine incorporating pyrazole moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer and antioxidant activities. RESULTS Compounds 7a and 8a displayed potent and selective anticancer activity against lung cancer A549 cell line with low cytotoxicity on peripheral blood mononuclear normal cells. Compounds 7a and 8a induced caspase dependent apoptotic death and DNA damage in all cancer cell lines. In addition, compounds 2, 5, 6a, 7a, 8a, 8c, 11a, 11b and 12b showed good antioxidant activity higher than that of the standard ascorbic acid. CONCLUSION Compounds 7a and 8a can be considered promising dual anticancer and antioxidant leads inducing caspase-dependent apoptotic death and DNA damage.
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24
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Ajani H, Jansa J, Köprülüoğlu C, Hobza P, Kryštof V, Lyčka A, Lepsik M. Imidazo[1,2-c
]pyrimidin-5(6H
)-one as a novel core of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitors: Synthesis, activity measurement, docking, and quantum mechanical scoring. J Mol Recognit 2018; 31:e2720. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haresh Ajani
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague 6 Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry; Palacký University; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Josef Jansa
- Research Institute for Organic Syntheses (VUOS); Pardubice-Rybitví Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Palacký University; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Cemal Köprülüoğlu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague 6 Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry; Palacký University; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hobza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague 6 Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry; Palacký University; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science; Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Lyčka
- Research Institute for Organic Syntheses (VUOS); Pardubice-Rybitví Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science; University of Hradec Králové; Hradec Králové Czech Republic
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25
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Wang Y, Zhi Y, Jin Q, Lu S, Lin G, Yuan H, Yang T, Wang Z, Yao C, Ling J, Guo H, Li T, Jin J, Li B, Zhang L, Chen Y, Lu T. Discovery of 4-((7H-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-N-(4-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (FN-1501), an FLT3- and CDK-Kinase Inhibitor with Potentially High Efficiency against Acute Myelocytic Leukemia. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1499-1518. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School
of Sciences and ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yanle Zhi
- School
of Sciences and ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Qiaomei Jin
- School
of Sciences and ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shuai Lu
- School
of Sciences and ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Guowu Lin
- School
of Sciences and ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Haoliang Yuan
- School
of Sciences and ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Taotao Yang
- School
of Sciences and ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zhanwei Wang
- School
of Sciences and ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chao Yao
- School
of Sciences and ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jun Ling
- School
of Sciences and ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hao Guo
- School
of Sciences and ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Tonghui Li
- School
of Sciences and ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jianlin Jin
- School
of Sciences and ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Baoquan Li
- School
of Sciences and ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- School
of Sciences and ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yadong Chen
- School
of Sciences and ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- School
of Sciences and ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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Abstract
Selective abrogation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) activity is a highly promising strategy in cancer treatment. The atypical CDK, CDK5 has long been known for its role in neurodegenerative diseases, and is becoming an attractive drug target for cancer therapy. Myriads of recent studies have uncovered that aberrant expression of CDK5 contributes to the oncogenic initiation and progression of multiple solid and hematological malignancies. CDK5 is also implicated in the regulation of cancer stem cell biology. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge of CDK5 as a druggable target for cancer treatment. We also provide a detailed outlook of designing selective and potent inhibitors of this enzyme.
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Cherukupalli S, Hampannavar GA, Chinnam S, Chandrasekaran B, Sayyad N, Kayamba F, Reddy Aleti R, Karpoormath R. An appraisal on synthetic and pharmaceutical perspectives of pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:309-339. [PMID: 29273417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine, a fused heterocycle bearing pyrazole and pyrimidine portions has gained a significant attention in the field of bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives have demonstrated numerous pharmacological activities particularly, anti-cancer, anti-infectious, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, adenosine antagonists and cytokinin antagonists etc. This review extensively unveils the synthetic and pharmacological diversity with special emphasis on structural variations around pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold. This endeavour has thus uncovered the medicinal worthiness of pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine framework. To the best of our knowledge this review is the first compilation on synthetic, medicinal and structure activity relationship (SAR) aspects of pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines since 1956.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasulu Cherukupalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Girish A Hampannavar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sampath Chinnam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Balakumar Chandrasekaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Nisar Sayyad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Francis Kayamba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajeshwar Reddy Aleti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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Trisubstituted purine inhibitors of PDGFRα and their antileukemic activity in the human eosinophilic cell line EOL-1. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6523-6535. [PMID: 29089259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of protein kinases is a validated concept for pharmacological intervention in cancers. Many kinase inhibitors have been approved for clinical use, but their practical application is often limited. Here, we describe a collection of 23 novel 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine derivatives with nanomolar inhibitory activities against PDGFRα, a receptor tyrosine kinase often found constitutively activated in various tumours. The compounds demonstrated strong and selective cytotoxicity in the human eosinophilic leukemia cell line EOL-1, whereas several other cell lines were substantially less sensitive. The cytotoxicity in EOL-1, which is known to express the FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion gene encoding an oncogenic kinase, correlated significantly with PDGFRα inhibition. EOL-1 cells treated with the compounds also exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of PDGFRα autophosphorylation and suppression of its downstream signaling pathways with concomitant G1 phase arrest, confirming the proposed mechanism of action. Our results show that substituted purines can be used as platforms for preparing tyrosine kinase inhibitors with specific activity towards eosinophilic leukemia.
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Shaik AB, Rao GK, Kumar GB, Patel N, Reddy VS, Khan I, Routhu SR, Kumar CG, Veena I, Chandra Shekar K, Barkume M, Jadhav S, Juvekar A, Kode J, Pal-Bhadra M, Kamal A. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrazolochalcones as potential modulators of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and inducers of apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:305-324. [PMID: 28803046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has been established as the "Emperor of all maladies". In recent years, medicinal chemistry has focused on identifying novel anti-cancer compounds; though discovery of these compounds appears to be a herculean task. In present study, we synthesized forty pyrazolochalcone conjugates and explored their cytotoxic activity against a panel of sixty cancer cell lines. Fifteen conjugates of the series showed excellent growth inhibition (13b-e, 13h-j, 14c-d, 15 a, 15 c-d, 16b, 16d and 18f; GI50 for MCF-7: 0.4-20 μM). Conjugates 13b, 13c, 13d, 16b and 14d were also evaluated for their cytotoxic activity in human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The promising candidates induced cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells at a 2 μM concentration. Furthermore, inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-regulators such as PI3K, p-PI3K, p-AKT, and mTOR were observed; as well as upregulation of p-GSK3β and tumor-suppressor protein, PTEN. Our study indicates that pyrazolochalcone conjugates could serve as potential leads in the development of tailored cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anver Basha Shaik
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Garikapati Koteswara Rao
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - G Bharath Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Nibeditha Patel
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Vangala Santhosh Reddy
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Irfan Khan
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sunitha Rani Routhu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - C Ganesh Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Immadi Veena
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Kunta Chandra Shekar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Madan Barkume
- Anti-Cancer Drug Screening Facility (ACDSF), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Shailesh Jadhav
- Anti-Cancer Drug Screening Facility (ACDSF), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Aarti Juvekar
- Anti-Cancer Drug Screening Facility (ACDSF), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Jyoti Kode
- Anti-Cancer Drug Screening Facility (ACDSF), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India.
| | - Manika Pal-Bhadra
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
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Hassan GS, Abdel Rahman DE, Nissan YM, Abdelmajeed EA, Abdelghany TM. Novel pyrazolopyrimidines: Synthesis, in vitro cytotoxic activity and mechanistic investigation. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:565-576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nekardová M, Vymětalová L, Khirsariya P, Kováčová S, Hylsová M, Jorda R, Kryštof V, Fanfrlík J, Hobza P, Paruch K. Structural Basis of the Interaction of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 with Roscovitine and Its Analogues Having Bioisosteric Central Heterocycles. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:785-795. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201601319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Nekardová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics; Charles University in Prague; Ke Karlovu 3 Prague 2 121 16 Czech Republic
| | - Ladislava Vymětalová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of; Palacky University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Prashant Khirsariya
- Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 62500 Brno Czech Republic
- International Center for Clinical Research; St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Pekařská 53 656 91 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Kováčová
- Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 62500 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Hylsová
- Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 62500 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jorda
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of; Palacky University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of; Palacky University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hobza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Paruch
- Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 62500 Brno Czech Republic
- International Center for Clinical Research; St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Pekařská 53 656 91 Brno Czech Republic
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Hylsová M, Carbain B, Fanfrlík J, Musilová L, Haldar S, Köprülüoğlu C, Ajani H, Brahmkshatriya PS, Jorda R, Kryštof V, Hobza P, Echalier A, Paruch K, Lepšík M. Explicit treatment of active-site waters enhances quantum mechanical/implicit solvent scoring: Inhibition of CDK2 by new pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:1118-1128. [PMID: 28039837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We present comprehensive testing of solvent representation in quantum mechanics (QM)-based scoring of protein-ligand affinities. To this aim, we prepared 21 new inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) with the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine core, whose activities spanned three orders of magnitude. The crystal structure of a potent inhibitor bound to the active CDK2/cyclin A complex revealed that the biphenyl substituent at position 5 of the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold was located in a previously unexplored pocket and that six water molecules resided in the active site. Using molecular dynamics, protein-ligand interactions and active-site water H-bond networks as well as thermodynamics were probed. Thereafter, all the inhibitors were scored by the QM approach utilizing the COSMO implicit solvent model. Such a standard treatment failed to produce a correlation with the experiment (R2 = 0.49). However, the addition of the active-site waters resulted in significant improvement (R2 = 0.68). The activities of the compounds could thus be interpreted by taking into account their specific noncovalent interactions with CDK2 and the active-site waters. In summary, using a combination of several experimental and theoretical approaches we demonstrate that the inclusion of explicit solvent effects enhance QM/COSMO scoring to produce a reliable structure-activity relationship with physical insights. More generally, this approach is envisioned to contribute to increased accuracy of the computational design of novel inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Hylsová
- Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Benoit Carbain
- Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Musilová
- Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Susanta Haldar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Cemal Köprülüoğlu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Haresh Ajani
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pathik S Brahmkshatriya
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jorda
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Institute of Experimental Botany, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Institute of Experimental Botany, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hobza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aude Echalier
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR 5048 - UM - INSERM U 1054, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Kamil Paruch
- Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Lepšík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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33
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El-Gamal KM, Hagrs MS, Abulkhair HS. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of some novel quinoline derivatives bearing different heterocyclic moieties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bfopcu.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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(3,5-Dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-[4-(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ylamino)phenyl]methanone. MOLBANK 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/m915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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35
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DESHMUKH SOMESHWAR, DINGORE KUNAL, GAIKWAD VISHWAS, JACHAK MADHUKAR. An efficient synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. J CHEM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-016-1141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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36
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Bhambra AS, Edgar M, Elsegood MR, Horsburgh L, Kryštof V, Lucas PD, Mojally M, Teat SJ, Warwick TG, Weaver GW, Zeinali F. Novel fluorinated benzimidazole-based scaffolds and their anticancer activity in vitro. J Fluor Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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37
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Lamie PF. RETRACTED: Design, synthesis, structure-activity relationship and kinase inhibitory activity of substituted 3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3093-3097. [PMID: 27189674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).
This article has been retracted at the request of the author who confirmed that the purity of some of the described compounds is below acceptable standards and thus the biochemical results reported in the paper have no validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe F Lamie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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38
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Vymětalová L, Havlíček L, Šturc A, Skrášková Z, Jorda R, Pospíšil T, Strnad M, Kryštof V. 5-Substituted 3-isopropyl-7-[4-(2-pyridyl)benzyl]amino-1(2)H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines with anti-proliferative activity as potent and selective inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 110:291-301. [PMID: 26851505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of 5-substituted 3-isopropyl-7-[4-(2-pyridyl)benzyl]amino-1(2)H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibition activity. The most potent compounds contained various hydroxyalkylamines at the 5 position and possessed low nanomolar IC50 values for CDK2 and CDK5. Preliminary profiling of one of the most active compounds on a panel of 50 protein kinases revealed its high selectivity for CDKs. The compounds arrested cells in S and G2/M phases, and induced apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. Significant dephosphorylation of the C-terminus of RNA polymerase II and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), well-established substrates of CDKs, has been found in treated cells. Cleavage of PARP-1, down-regulation of Mcl-1 and activation of caspases correlated well with CDK inhibition and confirmed apoptosis as the primary type of cell death induced in cancer cells treated with the compounds in vitro. A comparison of known purine-based CDK inhibitor CR8 with its pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine bioisosteres confirmed that the novel compounds are more potent in cellular assays than purines. Therefore, pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine may emerge as a novel scaffold in medicinal chemistry and as a source of potent CDK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislava Vymětalová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Havlíček
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Šturc
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Skrášková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jorda
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Pospíšil
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Grigoroudis AI, Kontopidis G. Preparation of CDK/Cyclin Inhibitor Complexes for Structural Determination. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1336:29-45. [PMID: 26231706 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2926-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The abundance of biochemical and structural knowledge on the Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) has provided a comprehensive but not exhaustive insight into the molecular determinants that govern their function mechanisms. The implementation of structural and functional CDK models towards developing novel anticancer strategies that will specifically target individual or multiple CDKs remains a critical need.More than 250 CDKs crystal structures are available to-date, including truncated or whole, modified or not, active or inactive forms, co-crystallized with the cyclins and/or their respective putative inhibitors, though, to our knowledge, there is no NMR solved structure available to date. We hitherto attempt to provide a useful guide from protein production to crystallization for CDK/Inhibitors complexes based on an overview of the already elucidated CDK structures, constructs and the preferable expression vectors in each case, in order to yield the respective crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asterios I Grigoroudis
- Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary School, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224 Str., Karditsa, 43100, Greece
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40
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Alagpulinsa DA, Ayyadevara S, Yaccoby S, Shmookler Reis RJ. A Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor, Dinaciclib, Impairs Homologous Recombination and Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to PARP Inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 15:241-50. [PMID: 26719576 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PARP1/2 are required for single-strand break repair, and their inhibition causes DNA replication fork collapse and double-strand break (DSB) formation. These DSBs are primarily repaired via homologous recombination (HR), a high-fidelity repair pathway. Should HR be deficient, DSBs may be repaired via error-prone nonhomologous end-joining mechanisms, or may persist, ultimately resulting in cell death. The combined disruption of PARP and HR activities thus produces synthetic lethality. Multiple myeloma cells are characterized by chromosomal instability and pervasive DNA damage, implicating aberrant DNA repair. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), upstream modulators of HR, are dysregulated in multiple myeloma. Here, we show that a CDK inhibitor, dinaciclib, impairs HR repair and sensitizes multiple myeloma cells to the PARP1/2 inhibitor ABT-888. Dinaciclib abolishes ABT-888-induced BRCA1 and RAD51 foci and potentiates DNA damage, indicated by increased γH2AX foci. Dinaciclib treatment reduces expression of HR repair genes, including Rad51, and blocks BRCA1 phosphorylation, a modification required for HR repair, thus inhibiting HR repair of chromosome DSBs. Cotreatment with dinaciclib and ABT-888 in vitro resulted in synthetic lethality of multiple myeloma cells, but not normal CD19(+) B cells, and slowed growth of multiple myeloma xenografts in SCID mice almost two-fold. These findings support combining dinaciclib with PARP inhibitors for multiple myeloma therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(2); 241-50. ©2015 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Alagpulinsa
- McClellan Veterans Medical Center, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas. Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Srinivas Ayyadevara
- McClellan Veterans Medical Center, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas. Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Shmuel Yaccoby
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Robert J Shmookler Reis
- McClellan Veterans Medical Center, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas. Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, Arkansas.
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Řezníčková E, Weitensteiner S, Havlíček L, Jorda R, Gucký T, Berka K, Bazgier V, Zahler S, Kryštof V, Strnad M. Characterization of a Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine Inhibitor of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases 2 and 5 and Aurora A With Pro-Apoptotic and Anti-Angiogenic ActivityIn Vitro. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Řezníčková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics; Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research; Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR; Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Sabine Weitensteiner
- Department of Pharmacy; LMU Munich - Center for Drug Research - Pharmaceutical Biology; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Libor Havlíček
- Isotope Laboratory; Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR; Vídeňská 1083 14220 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jorda
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics; Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research; Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR; Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Gucký
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics; Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research; Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR; Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Karel Berka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials; Department of Physical Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Palacký University; 17. listopadu 12 77146 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Václav Bazgier
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics; Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research; Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR; Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Palacký University; 17. listopadu 1192/12 771 46 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Zahler
- Department of Pharmacy; LMU Munich - Center for Drug Research - Pharmaceutical Biology; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics; Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research; Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR; Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics; Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research; Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR; Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
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42
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Jorda R, Schütznerová E, Cankař P, Brychtová V, Navrátilová J, Kryštof V. Novel arylazopyrazole inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:1975-81. [PMID: 25835357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe new 4-arylazo-3,5-diamino-1H-pyrazole derivatives developed from CAN508, one of the first inhibitors to show preference for transcriptional regulator cyclin-dependent kinase 9. By substituting nitrogen in the pyrazole ring and employing a heteroatom in the 4-aryl ring, we obtained more potent derivatives differing in their CDK-selectivity profiles. The antiproliferative and anti-CDK kinase activities of the novel arylazopyrazoles were examined. The cellular effect of compound IVc was studied on MCF-7 cells synchronized by various methods and compared with other selective CDK inhibitors. The results demonstrated that IVc shows a preference for CDK4 and CDK1. In contrast to cytostatic effects induced by IVc in MCF-7 and K562 cells, we observed apoptotic activities in the RPMI-8226 cell line, which were confirmed by detecting active caspases by different biochemical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Jorda
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Schütznerová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Cankař
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Brychtová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Navrátilová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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43
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Chen YF, Lin YC, Morris-Natschke SL, Wei CF, Shen TC, Lin HY, Hsu MH, Chou LC, Zhao Y, Kuo SC, Lee KH, Huang LJ. Synthesis and SAR studies of novel 6,7,8-substituted 4-substituted benzyloxyquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives for anticancer activity. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:1195-221. [PMID: 25363404 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 4-Phenylquinolin-2(1H)-one (4-PQ) derivatives can induce cancer cell apoptosis. Additional new 4-PQ analogs were investigated as more effective, less toxic antitumour agents. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Forty-five 6,7,8-substituted 4-substituted benzyloxyquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives were synthesized. Antiproliferative activities were evaluated using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliun bromide assay and structure-activity relationship correlations were established. Compounds 9b, 9c, 9e and 11e were also evaluated against the National Cancer Institute-60 human cancer cell line panel. Hoechst 33258 and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining assays were used to detect apoptosis, while inhibition of microtubule polymerization was assayed by fluorescence microscopy. Effects on the cell cycle were assessed by flow cytometry and on apoptosis-related proteins (active caspase-3, -8 and -9, procaspase-3, -8, -9, PARP, Bid, Bcl-xL and Bcl-2) by Western blotting. KEY RESULTS Nine 6,7,8-substituted 4-substituted benzyloxyquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives (7e, 8e, 9b, 9c, 9e, 10c, 10e, 11c and 11e) displayed high potency against HL-60, Hep3B, H460, and COLO 205 cancer cells (IC₅₀ < 1 μM) without affecting Detroit 551 normal human cells (IC₅₀ > 50 μM). Particularly, compound 11e exhibited nanomolar potency against COLO 205 cancer cells. Mechanistic studies indicated that compound 11e disrupted microtubule assembly and induced G2/M arrest, polyploidy and apoptosis via the intrinsic and extrinsic signalling pathways. Activation of JNK could play a role in TRAIL-induced COLO 205 apoptosis. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS New quinolone derivatives were identified as potential pro-apoptotic agents. Compound 11e could be a promising lead compound for future antitumour agent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fong Chen
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chaudhary V, Das S, Nayak A, Guchhait SK, Kundu CN. Scaffold-hopping and hybridization based design and building block strategic synthesis of pyridine-annulated purines: discovery of novel apoptotic anticancer agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of novel pyridine annulated purines are considered as potential anticancer agents based on scaffold-hopping and hybridization of known drugs and bioactive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Chaudhary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Mohali
- India
| | - Sarita Das
- School of Biotechnology
- Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University
- Bhubaneswar
- India
| | - Anmada Nayak
- School of Biotechnology
- Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University
- Bhubaneswar
- India
| | - Sankar K. Guchhait
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Mohali
- India
| | - Chanakya N. Kundu
- School of Biotechnology
- Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University
- Bhubaneswar
- India
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45
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Li M, Zhao BX. Progress of the synthesis of condensed pyrazole derivatives (from 2010 to mid-2013). Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:311-40. [PMID: 25104650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Condensed pyrazole derivatives are important heterocyclic compounds due to their excellent biological activities and have been widely applied in pharmaceutical and agromedical fields. In recent years, numerous condensed pyrazole derivatives have been synthesized and advanced to clinic studies with various biological activities. In this review, we summarized the reported synthesis methods of condensed pyrazole derivatives from 2010 until now. All compounds are divided into three parts according to the rings connected to pyrazole-ring, i.e. [5, 5], [5,F 6], and [5, 7]-condensed pyrazole derivatives. The biological activities and applications in pharmaceutical fields are briefly introduced to offer an orientation for the design and synthesis of condensed pyrazole derivatives with good biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Bao-Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
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46
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Havlíček L, Moravcová D, Kryštof V, Strnad M. The Identification of a Novel Highly Condensed Pentacyclic Heteroaromatic Ring System 1,3,5,5b,6,8,10,10b-Octaazacyclopenta[h,i]Aceanthrylene and its Application in the Synthesis of 5,7-Substituted Pyrazolo[4,3-d]Pyrimidines. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Libor Havlíček
- Isotope Laboratory; Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR; Videnska 1083 142 20 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Moravcová
- Isotope Laboratory; Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR; Videnska 1083 142 20 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science; Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR; Šlechtitelů 11 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science; Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR; Šlechtitelů 11 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
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47
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Mojzych M, Šubertová V, Bielawska A, Bielawski K, Bazgier V, Berka K, Gucký T, Fornal E, Kryštof V. Synthesis and kinase inhibitory activity of new sulfonamide derivatives of pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazines. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 78:217-24. [PMID: 24681986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A new series of sulfonamide derivatives of pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazine has been synthesized and characterized. Their anticancer activity was tested in vitro against multiple human cancer cell lines and were found to have dose-dependent antiproliferative effects. Furthermore, some of the new compounds inhibited the Abl protein kinase with low micromolar IC50 values and exhibited selective activity against the Bcr-Abl positive K562 and BV173 cell lines, providing starting points for the further development of this new kinase inhibitor scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Mojzych
- Department of Chemistry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, ul. 3 Maja 54, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
| | - Veronika Šubertová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Václav Bazgier
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Berka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Gucký
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Emilia Fornal
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, al. Krasnicka 102, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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48
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Wells AD, Morawski PA. New roles for cyclin-dependent kinases in T cell biology: linking cell division and differentiation. Nat Rev Immunol 2014; 14:261-70. [PMID: 24603166 PMCID: PMC10114933 DOI: 10.1038/nri3625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of a few antigen-reactive lymphocytes into a large population of effector cells is a fundamental property of adaptive immunity. The cell division that fuels this process is driven by signals from antigen, co-stimulatory molecules and growth factor receptors, and is controlled by the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) cascade. In this Opinion article, we discuss how the CDK cascade provides one potential link between cell division and differentiation through the phosphorylation of immunologically relevant transcription factors, and how components of this pathway might ultimately participate in the decision between tolerance and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Wells
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA; and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Abramson Research Center, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Peter A Morawski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA; and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Abramson Research Center, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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49
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Guchhait SK, Chaudhary V. Desilylative activation of TMSCN in chemoselective Strecker–Ugi type reaction: functional fused imidazoles as building blocks as an entry route to annulated purines. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:6694-705. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00882k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nucleophilic activation of TMSCN as an isocyanide equivalent by DABCO–THF in the Strecker–Ugi reaction facilitates the synthesis of functional imidazoles which, as building blocks, afford access to C8–N9 annulated purines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar K. Guchhait
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali – 160062, India
| | - Vikas Chaudhary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali – 160062, India
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50
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Rote RV, Shelar DP, Patil SR, Jachak MN. A Convenient Synthesis of New Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines and Their Fused Heterocycles. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramhari V. Rote
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Research Centre, K. T. H. M. College; University of Pune; Gangapur Road Nashik 422002 Maharashtra India
| | - Deepak P. Shelar
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Research Centre, K. T. H. M. College; University of Pune; Gangapur Road Nashik 422002 Maharashtra India
| | - Sandeep R. Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Research Centre, K. T. H. M. College; University of Pune; Gangapur Road Nashik 422002 Maharashtra India
| | - Madhukar N. Jachak
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Research Centre, K. T. H. M. College; University of Pune; Gangapur Road Nashik 422002 Maharashtra India
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