1
|
Platelet P2Y 1 receptor exhibits constitutive G protein signaling and β-arrestin 2 recruitment. BMC Biol 2023; 21:14. [PMID: 36721118 PMCID: PMC9890698 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Purinergic P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors (P2Y1-R and P2Y12-R) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) activated by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to mediate platelet activation, thereby playing a pivotal role in hemostasis and thrombosis. While P2Y12-R is the major target of antiplatelet drugs, no P2Y1-R antagonist has yet been developed for clinical use. However, accumulating data suggest that P2Y1-R inhibition would ensure efficient platelet inhibition with minimal effects on bleeding. In this context, an accurate characterization of P2Y1-R antagonists constitutes an important preliminary step. RESULTS Here, we investigated the pharmacology of P2Y1-R signaling through Gq and β-arrestin pathways in HEK293T cells and in mouse and human platelets using highly sensitive resonance energy transfer-based technologies (BRET/HTRF). We demonstrated that at basal state, in the absence of agonist ligand, P2Y1-R activates Gq protein signaling in HEK293T cells and in mouse and human platelets, indicating that P2Y1-R is constitutively active in physiological conditions. We showed that P2Y1-R also promotes constitutive recruitment of β-arrestin 2 in HEK293T cells. Moreover, the P2Y1-R antagonists MRS2179, MRS2279 and MRS2500 abolished the receptor dependent-constitutive activation, thus behaving as inverse agonists. CONCLUSIONS This study sheds new light on P2Y1-R pharmacology, highlighting for the first time the existence of a constitutively active P2Y1-R population in human platelets. Given the recent interest of P2Y12-R constitutive activity in patients with diabetes, this study suggests that modification of constitutive P2Y1-R signaling might be involved in pathological conditions, including bleeding syndrome or high susceptibility to thrombotic risk. Thus, targeting platelet P2Y1-R constitutive activation might be a promising and powerful strategy for future antiplatelet therapy.
Collapse
|
2
|
Dickson CJ, Hornak V, Duca JS. Relative Binding Free-Energy Calculations at Lipid-Exposed Sites: Deciphering Hot Spots. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:5923-5930. [PMID: 34843243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Relative binding free-energy (RBFE) calculations are experiencing resurgence in the computer-aided drug design of novel small molecules due to performance gains allowed by cutting-edge molecular mechanic force fields and computer hardware. Application of RBFE to soluble proteins is becoming a routine, while recent studies outline necessary steps to successfully apply RBFE at the orthosteric site of membrane-embedded G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In this work, we apply RBFE to a congeneric series of antagonists that bind to a lipid-exposed, extra-helical site of the P2Y1 receptor. We find promising performance of RBFE, such that it may be applied in a predictive manner on drug discovery programs targeting lipid-exposed sites. Further, by the application of the microkinetic model, binding at a lipid-exposed site can be split into (1) membrane partitioning of the drug molecule followed by (2) binding at the extra-helical site. We find that RBFE can be applied to calculate the free energy of each step, allowing the uncoupling of observed binding free energy from the influence of membrane affinity. This protocol may be used to identify binding hot spots at extra-helical sites and guide drug discovery programs toward optimizing intrinsic activity at the target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Callum J Dickson
- Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Viktor Hornak
- Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jose S Duca
- Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Klose E, Kuhrt H, Kohen L, Wiedemann P, Bringmann A, Hollborn M. Hypoxic and osmotic expression of Kir2.1 potassium channels in retinal pigment epithelial cells: Contribution to vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Exp Eye Res 2021; 211:108741. [PMID: 34425102 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells express different subtypes of inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels. We investigated whether human and rat RPE cells express genes of strongly rectifying Kir2 channels. We also determined the hypoxic and hyperosmotic regulation of Kir2.1 gene expression in cultured human RPE cells and the effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of Kir2.1 on VEGFA expression, VEGF secretion, proliferation, and viability of the cells. Extracellular hyperosmolarity was induced by addition of NaCl or sucrose. Hypoxia and chemical hypoxia were produced by cell culture in 0.25% O2 and addition of CoCl2, respectively. Gene expression levels were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. Rat RPE cells contained Kir2.1, Kir2.2, Kir2.3, and Kir2.4 gene transcripts while human RPE cells contained Kir2.1, Kir2.2, and Kir2.4 transcripts. Immunocytochemical data may suggest that Kir2.1 protein in cultured human cells is expressed in both perinuclear and plasma membranes. Kir2.1 gene expression and Kir2.1 protein level in human cells increased under hypoxic and hyperosmotic conditions. The expression of the Kir2.1 gene was mediated in part by diverse intracellular signal transduction pathways and transcription factor activities under both conditions; the hyperosmotic, but not the CoCl2-induced Kir2.1 gene expression was dependent on intracellular calcium signaling. Autocrine/paracrine activation of purinergic receptors contributed to Kir2.1 gene expression under hyperosmotic (P2Y1, P2Y2, P2X7) and CoCl2-induced conditions (P2Y2, P2X7). Exogenous VEGF, TGF-β1, and blood serum decreased Kir2.1 gene expression. Inhibition of VEGF receptor-2 increased the Kir2.1 gene expression under control conditions and in CoCl2-simulated hypoxia, and decreased it under high NaCl conditions. Knockdown of Kir2.1 by siRNA inhibited the CoCl2-induced and hyperosmotic transcription of the VEGFA gene and caused a delayed decrease of the constitutive VEGFA gene expression while VEGF protein secretion was not altered. Kir2.1 knockdown stimulated RPE cell proliferation under control and hyperosmotic conditions without affecting cell viability. The data indicate that Kir2.1 channel activity is required for the expression of the VEGFA gene and inhibits the proliferation of RPE cells. Under control and hypoxic conditions, the extracellular VEGF level may regulate the production of VEGF via its inhibitory effect on the Kir2.1 gene transcription; this feedback loop may prevent overproduction of VEGF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Klose
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heidrun Kuhrt
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leon Kohen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Helios Klinikum Aue, Aue, Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Margrit Hollborn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ligand binding at the protein-lipid interface: strategic considerations for drug design. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:710-722. [PMID: 34257432 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many drug targets are embedded within the phospholipid bilayer of cellular membranes, including G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, transporters and membrane-bound enzymes. Increasing evidence from biophysical and structural studies suggests that many small-molecule drugs commonly associate with these targets at binding sites at the protein-phospholipid interface. Without a direct path from bulk solvent to a binding site, a drug must first partition in the phospholipid membrane before interacting with the protein target. This membrane access mechanism necessarily affects the interpretation of potency data, structure-activity relationships, pharmacokinetics and physicochemical properties for drugs that target these sites. With an increasing number of small-molecule intramembrane binding sites revealed through X-ray crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy, we suggest that ligand-lipid interactions likely play a larger role in small-molecule drug action than commonly appreciated. This Perspective introduces key concepts and drug design considerations to aid discovery teams operating within this target space, and discusses challenges and future opportunities in the field.
Collapse
|
5
|
Diarylureas: Repositioning from Antitumor to Antimicrobials or Multi-Target Agents against New Pandemics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10010092. [PMID: 33477901 PMCID: PMC7833385 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials have allowed medical advancements over several decades. However, the continuous emergence of antimicrobial resistance restricts efficacy in treating infectious diseases. In this context, the drug repositioning of already known biological active compounds to antimicrobials could represent a useful strategy. In 2002 and 2003, the SARS-CoV pandemic immobilized the Far East regions. However, the drug discovery attempts to study the virus have stopped after the crisis declined. Today’s COVID-19 pandemic could probably have been avoided if those efforts against SARS-CoV had continued. Recently, a new coronavirus variant was identified in the UK. Because of this, the search for safe and potent antimicrobials and antivirals is urgent. Apart from antiviral treatment for severe cases of COVID-19, many patients with mild disease without pneumonia or moderate disease with pneumonia have received different classes of antibiotics. Diarylureas are tyrosine kinase inhibitors well known in the art as anticancer agents, which might be useful tools for a reposition as antimicrobials. The first to come onto the market as anticancer was sorafenib, followed by some other active molecules. For this interesting class of organic compounds antimicrobial, antiviral, antithrombotic, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory properties have been reported in the literature. These numerous properties make these compounds interesting for a new possible pandemic considering that, as well as for other viral infections also for CoVID-19, a multitarget therapeutic strategy could be favorable. This review is meant to be an overview on diarylureas, focusing on their biological activities, not dwelling on the already known antitumor activity. Quite a lot of papers present in the literature underline and highlight the importance of these molecules as versatile scaffolds for the development of new and promising antimicrobials and multitarget agents against new pandemic events.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lei Y, Zhang B, Liu D, Zhao J, Dai X, Gao J, Mao Q, Feng Y, Zhao J, Lin F, Duan Y, Zhang Y, Bao Z, Yang Y, Mou Y, Wang S. Switching a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor to a Dual-Target Antagonist of P2Y1 and P2Y12 as an Oral Antiplatelet Agent with a Wider Therapeutic Window in Rats than Ticagrelor. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15752-15772. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Shenyang Hinewy Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., 41 Liutang Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiwen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fengwei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yulin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ziyang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yanhua Mou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Salmaso V, Jacobson KA. Purinergic Signaling: Impact of GPCR Structures on Rational Drug Design. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1958-1973. [PMID: 32803849 PMCID: PMC8276773 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The purinergic signaling system includes membrane-bound receptors for extracellular purines and pyrimidines, and enzymes/transporters that regulate receptor activation by endogenous agonists. Receptors include: adenosine (A1 , A2A , A2B, and A3 ) and P2Y (P2Y1 , P2Y2 , P2Y4 , P2Y6 , P2Y11 , P2Y12 , P2Y13 , and P2Y14 ) receptors (all GPCRs), as well as P2X receptors (ion channels). Receptor activation, especially accompanying physiological stress or damage, creates a temporal sequence of signaling to counteract this stress and either mobilize (P2Rs) or suppress (ARs) immune responses. Thus, modulation of this large signaling family has broad potential for treating chronic diseases. Experimentally determined structures represent each of the three receptor families. We focus on selective purinergic agonists (A1 , A3 ), antagonists (A3 , P2Y14 ), and allosteric modulators (P2Y1 , A3 ). Examples of applying structure-based design, including the rational modification of known ligands, are presented for antithrombotic P2Y1 R antagonists and anti-inflammatory P2Y14 R antagonists and A3 AR agonists. A3 AR agonists are a potential, nonaddictive treatment for chronic neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Salmaso
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Javed E, Guthrie JD, Neu J, Chirayath GS, Huo S. Introducing an α-Keto Ester Functional Group through Pt-Catalyzed Direct C-H Acylation with Ethyl Chlorooxoacetate. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:8393-8402. [PMID: 32309750 PMCID: PMC7161214 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-catalyzed selective C-H acylation of 2-aryloxypyridines with ethyl chlorooxoacetate provides an efficient way of introducing an α-keto ester functional group. The reaction is oxidant-free, additive-free, and, more significantly, free of any decarbonylative side reactions. The reaction tolerates a variety of substituents from strongly electron-donating to strongly electron-withdrawing groups. Double acylation is feasible for 2-phenoxypyridine and its derivatives with only one substituent at the para position. Although the reaction of 2-(2-methylphenoxy)pyridine with ethyl malonyl chloride did not produce the desired β-keto ester, the reaction with ethyl succinyl chloride proceeded smoothly to give the γ-keto ester. Ethyl chlorooxoacetate is much more reactive than ethyl succinyl chloride in this Pt-catalyzed C-H acylation reaction.
Collapse
|
9
|
Dal Ben D, Antonioli L, Lambertucci C, Spinaci A, Fornai M, D'Antongiovanni V, Pellegrini C, Blandizzi C, Volpini R. Approaches for designing and discovering purinergic drugs for gastrointestinal diseases. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:687-703. [PMID: 32228110 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1743673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Purines finely modulate physiological motor, secretory, and sensory functions in the gastrointestinal tract. Their activity is mediated by the purinergic signaling machinery, including receptors and enzymes regulating their synthesis, release, and degradation. Several gastrointestinal dysfunctions are characterized by alterations affecting the purinergic system. AREAS COVERED The authors provide an overview on the purinergic receptor signaling machinery, the molecules and proteins involved, and a summary of medicinal chemistry efforts aimed at developing novel compounds able to modulate the activity of each player involved in this machinery. The involvement of purinergic signaling in gastrointestinal motor, secretory, and sensory functions and dysfunctions, and the potential therapeutic applications of purinergic signaling modulators, are then described. EXPERT OPINION A number of preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate that the pharmacological manipulation of purinergic signaling represents a viable way to counteract several gastrointestinal diseases. At present, the paucity of purinergic therapies is related to the lack of receptor-subtype-specific agonists and antagonists that are effective in vivo. In this regard, the development of novel therapeutic strategies should be focused to include tools able to control the P1 and P2 receptor expression as well as modulators of the breakdown or transport of purines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Dal Ben
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino , Camerino, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino , Camerino, Italy
| | - Andrea Spinaci
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino , Camerino, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Vanessa D'Antongiovanni
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino , Camerino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Neumann A, Müller CE, Namasivayam V. P2Y
1
‐like nucleotide receptors—Structures, molecular modeling, mutagenesis, and oligomerization. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Neumann
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB) University of Bonn Bonn Germany
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB) University of Bonn Bonn Germany
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB) University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Developments in inhibiting platelet aggregation based on different design strategies. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1757-1775. [PMID: 31288579 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet aggregation is the central event in hemostasis and thrombosis. Up to now, many agents inhibiting platelet aggregation have been approved for the treatment of thrombotic disorders. In this review, we mainly summarized the progress in the research of platelet aggregation inhibitors based on different design strategies. The advantage and challenge of corresponding targets are also discussed in this article. We hope more platelet aggregation inhibitors with efficacy and safety will be discovered in the future.
Collapse
|
12
|
Szlenk CT, Gc JB, Natesan S. Does the Lipid Bilayer Orchestrate Access and Binding of Ligands to Transmembrane Orthosteric/Allosteric Sites of G Protein-Coupled Receptors? Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:527-541. [PMID: 30967440 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.115113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ligand-binding sites of many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are situated around and deeply embedded within the central pocket formed by their seven transmembrane-spanning α-helical domains. Generally, these binding sites are assumed accessible to endogenous ligands from the aqueous phase. Recent advances in the structural biology of GPCRs, along with biophysical and computational studies, suggest that amphiphilic and lipophilic molecules may gain access to these receptors by first partitioning into the membrane and then reaching the binding site via lateral diffusion through the lipid bilayer. In addition, several crystal structures of class A and class B GPCRs bound to their ligands offer unprecedented details on the existence of lipid-facing allosteric binding sites outside the transmembrane helices that can only be reached via lipid pathways. The highly organized structure of the lipid bilayer may direct lipophilic or amphiphilic drugs to a specific depth within the bilayer, changing local concentration of the drug near the binding site and affecting its binding kinetics. Additionally, the constraints of the lipid bilayer, including its composition and biophysical properties, may play a critical role in "pre-organizing" ligand molecules in an optimal orientation and conformation to facilitate receptor binding. Despite its clear involvement in molecular recognition processes, the critical role of the membrane in binding ligands to lipid-exposed transmembrane binding sites remains poorly understood and warrants comprehensive investigation. Understanding the mechanistic basis of the structure-membrane interaction relationship of drugs will not only provide useful insights about receptor binding kinetics but will also enhance our ability to take advantage of the apparent membrane contributions when designing drugs that target transmembrane proteins with improved efficacy and safety. In this minireview, we summarize recent structural and computational studies on membrane contributions to binding processes, elucidating both lipid pathways of ligand access and binding mechanisms for several orthosteric and allosteric ligands of class A and class B GPCRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Szlenk
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Jeevan B Gc
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Senthil Natesan
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wold EA, Chen J, Cunningham KA, Zhou J. Allosteric Modulation of Class A GPCRs: Targets, Agents, and Emerging Concepts. J Med Chem 2019; 62:88-127. [PMID: 30106578 PMCID: PMC6556150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been tractable drug targets for decades with over one-third of currently marketed drugs targeting GPCRs. Of these, the class A GPCR superfamily is highly represented, and continued drug discovery for this family of receptors may provide novel therapeutics for a vast range of diseases. GPCR allosteric modulation is an innovative targeting approach that broadens the available small molecule toolbox and is proving to be a viable drug discovery strategy, as evidenced by recent FDA approvals and clinical trials. Numerous class A GPCR allosteric modulators have been discovered recently, and emerging trends such as the availability of GPCR crystal structures, diverse functional assays, and structure-based computational approaches are improving optimization and development. This Perspective provides an update on allosterically targeted class A GPCRs and their disease indications and the medicinal chemistry approaches toward novel allosteric modulators and highlights emerging trends and opportunities in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Wold
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chemical Biology Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chemical Biology Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Cunningham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chemical Biology Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chemical Biology Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Moldovan RP, Wenzel B, Teodoro R, Neumann W, Dukic-Stefanovic S, Kraus W, Rong P, Deuther-Conrad W, Hey-Hawkins E, Krügel U, Brust P. Studies towards the development of a PET radiotracer for imaging of the P2Y 1 receptors in the brain: synthesis, 18F-labeling and preliminary biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 165:142-159. [PMID: 30665144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purine nucleotides such as ATP and ADP are important extracellular signaling molecules in almost all tissues activating various subtypes of purinoreceptors. In the brain, the P2Y1 receptor (P2Y1R) subtype mediates trophic functions like differentiation and proliferation, and modulates fast synaptic transmission, both suggested to be affected in diseases of the central nervous system. Research on P2Y1R is limited because suitable brain-penetrating P2Y1R-selective tracers are not yet available. Here, we describe the first efforts to develop an 18F-labeled PET tracer based on the structure of the highly affine and selective, non-nucleotidic P2Y1R allosteric modulator 1-(2-[2-(tert-butyl)phenoxy]pyridin-3-yl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea (7). A small series of fluorinated compounds was developed by systematic modification of the p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl, the urea and the 2-pyridyl subunits of the lead compound 7. Additionally, the p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl subunit was substituted by carborane, a boron-rich cluster with potential applicability in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). By functional assays, the new fluorinated derivative 1-{2-[2-(tert-butyl)phenoxy]pyridin-3-yl}-3-[4-(2-fluoroethyl)phenyl]urea (18) was identified with a high P2Y1R antagonistic potency (IC50 = 10 nM). Compound [18F]18 was radiosynthesized by using tetra-n-butyl ammonium [18F]fluoride with high radiochemical purity, radiochemical yield and molar activities. Investigation of brain homogenates using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) revealed [18F]fluoride as major radiometabolite. Although [18F]18 showed fast in vivo metabolization, the high potency and unique allosteric binding mode makes this class of compounds interesting for further optimizations and investigation of the theranostic potential as PET tracer and BNCT agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rareş-Petru Moldovan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Barbara Wenzel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Teodoro
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wilma Neumann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sladjana Dukic-Stefanovic
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Werner Kraus
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peijing Rong
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ute Krügel
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Universität Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 2-(phenoxyaryl)-3-urea derivatives as novel P2Y1 receptor antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:302-310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
16
|
Breakthrough in GPCR Crystallography and Its Impact on Computer-Aided Drug Design. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1705:45-72. [PMID: 29188558 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7465-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent crystallographic structures of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have greatly advanced our understanding of the recognition of their diverse agonist and antagonist ligands. We illustrate here how this applies to A2A adenosine receptors (ARs) and to P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors (P2YRs) for ADP. These X-ray structures have impacted the medicinal chemistry aimed at discovering new ligands for these two receptor families, including receptors that have not yet been crystallized but are closely related to the known structures. In this Chapter, we discuss recent structure-based drug design projects that led to the discovery of: (a) novel A3AR agonists based on a highly rigidified (N)-methanocarba scaffold for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain and other conditions, (b) fluorescent probes of the ARs and P2Y14R, as chemical tools for structural probing of these GPCRs and for improving assay capabilities, and (c) new more drug-like antagonists of the inflammation-related P2Y14R. We also describe the computationally enabled molecular recognition of positive (for A3AR) and negative (P2Y1R) allosteric modulators that in some cases are shown to be consistent with structure-activity relationship (SAR) data. Thus, computational modeling has become an essential tool for the design of purine receptor ligands.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yuan X, Raniolo S, Limongelli V, Xu Y. The Molecular Mechanism Underlying Ligand Binding to the Membrane-Embedded Site of a G-Protein-Coupled Receptor. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:2761-2770. [PMID: 29660291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of P2Y1 receptor (P2Y1R), a class A GPCR, revealed a special extra-helical site for its antagonist, BPTU, which locates in-between the membrane and the protein. However, due to the limitation of crystallization experiments, the membrane was mimicked by use of detergents, and the information related to the binding of BPTU to the receptor in the membrane environment is rather limited. In the present work, we conducted a total of ∼7.5 μs all-atom simulations in explicit solvent using conventional molecular dynamics and multiple enhanced sampling methods, with models of BPTU and a POPC bilayer, both in the absence and presence of P2Y1R. Our simulations revealed that BPTU prefers partitioning into the interface of polar/lipophilic region of the lipid bilayer before associating with the receptor. Then, it interacts with the second extracellular loop of the receptor and reaches the binding site through the lipid-receptor interface. In addition, by use of funnel-metadynamics simulations which efficiently enhance the sampling of bound and unbound states, we provide a statistically accurate description of the underlying binding free energy landscape. The calculated absolute ligand-receptor binding affinity is in excellent agreement with the experimental data (Δ Gb0_theo = -11.5 kcal mol-1, Δ Gb0_exp= -11.7 kcal mol-1). Our study broadens the view of the current experimental/theoretical models and our understanding of the protein-ligand recognition mechanism in the lipid environment. The strategy used in this work is potentially applicable to investigate ligands association/dissociation with other membrane-embedded sites, allowing identification of compounds targeting membrane receptors of pharmacological interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Shanghai 201203 , China.,School of Pharmacy , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Stefano Raniolo
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Computational Science - Center for Computational Medicine in Cardiology , Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI) , CH-6900 Lugano , Switzerland
| | - Vittorio Limongelli
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Computational Science - Center for Computational Medicine in Cardiology , Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI) , CH-6900 Lugano , Switzerland.,Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples "Federico II" , I-80131 Naples , Italy
| | - Yechun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Shanghai 201203 , China.,School of Pharmacy , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lu S, Zhang J. Small Molecule Allosteric Modulators of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors: Drug–Target Interactions. J Med Chem 2018; 62:24-45. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ciancetta A, O'Connor RD, Paoletta S, Jacobson KA. Demystifying P2Y 1 Receptor Ligand Recognition through Docking and Molecular Dynamics Analyses. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:3104-3123. [PMID: 29182323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We performed a molecular modeling analysis of 100 nucleotide-like bisphosphates and 46 non-nucleotide arylurea derivatives previously reported as P2Y1R binders using the recently solved hP2Y1R structures. We initially docked the compounds at the X-ray structures and identified the binding modes of representative compounds highlighting key patterns in the structure-activity relationship (SAR). We subsequently subjected receptor complexes with selected key agonists (2MeSADP and MRS2268) and antagonists (MRS2500 and BPTU) to membrane molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (at least 200 ns run in triplicate, simulation time 0.6-1.6 μs per ligand system) while considering alternative protonation states of nucleotides. Comparing the temporal evolution of the ligand-protein interaction patterns with available site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) data and P2Y1R apo state simulation provided further SAR insights and suggested reasonable explanations for loss/gain of binding affinity as well as the most relevant charged species for nucleotide ligands. The MD analysis also predicted local conformational changes required for the receptor inactive state to accommodate nucleotide agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Ciancetta
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Robert D O'Connor
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Silvia Paoletta
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gao ZG, Jacobson KA. Distinct Signaling Patterns of Allosteric Antagonism at the P2Y 1 Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:613-626. [PMID: 28864555 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.109660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, G protein-coupled receptor antagonists are classified as competitive or noncompetitive and surmountable or insurmountable based on functional antagonism. P2Y1 receptor (P2Y1R) structures showed two antagonists binding to two spatially distinct sites: nucleotide MRS2500 (orthosteric, contacting the helical bundle) and urea BPTU (allosteric, on the external receptor surface). However, the nature of their P2Y1R antagonism has not been characterized. Here we characterized BPTU antagonism at various signaling pathways activated by structurally diverse agonists. BPTU rightward shifted the concentration-response curves of both 2-methylthioadenosine 5'-diphosphate trisodium salt and MRS2365 (5'-diphosphates) in some signaling events, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and label free, in a parallel manner without affecting the maximum agonist effect (Emax) but antagonized insurmountably (suppressed agonist Emax) in signaling events such as guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate binding and β-arrestin2 recruitment. However, with dinucleotide Ap4A as an agonist, BPTU suppressed the Emax insurmountably in all signaling pathways. By comparison, MRS2500 behaved as surmountable antagonist rightward-shifting concentration-response curves of all three agonists in a parallel manner for all signaling pathways measured. Thus, we demonstrated a previously undocumented phenomenon that P2Y1R antagonism patterns could vary in different signaling pathways, which could be related to conformational selection, signaling amplification, and probe dependence. This phenomenon may apply generally to other receptors considering that antagonism by a specific ligand is often not compared at multiple signaling pathways. Thus, antagonism can be surmountable or insurmountable depending on the signaling pathways measured and the agonists used, which should be of broad relevance to drug discovery and disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Antiplatelet therapy displays a critical role in the treatment and prevention of antithrombotic disorders. Many new antiplatelet agents have been developed following the emergence of various clinical limitations of classical antiplatelet drugs. This review covers mainly the recent advances in the development of P2Y12 antagonists and GPIIb/IIIa antagonists. Meanwhile, it summarizes promising approaches to new platelet surface receptors such as prostanoid EP3 receptor, thromboxane A2 prostanoid receptor, protease-activated receptors, GPIb-IX-V receptor and P-selectin. In addition, PI3Kβ, a critical protein at the inside signaling pathway of platelet activation is also mentioned as an important antiplatelet target. Moreover, the development of respective drug candidates is discussed in detail.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ravi M, Allu S, Swamy KCK. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed ortho-Alkylation of Phenoxy Substrates with Diazo Compounds via C–H Activation: A Case of Decarboxylative Pyrimidine/Pyridine Migratory Cyclization Rather than Removal of Pyrimidine/Pyridine Directing Group. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2355-2363. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manjula Ravi
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivasarao Allu
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - K. C. Kumara Swamy
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Successful Strategies to Determine High-Resolution Structures of GPCRs. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:1055-1069. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
24
|
Yuan S, Chan HCS, Vogel H, Filipek S, Stevens RC, Palczewski K. The Molecular Mechanism of P2Y1 Receptor Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10331-5. [PMID: 27460867 PMCID: PMC4996126 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human purinergic G protein-coupled receptor P2Y1 (P2Y1 R) is activated by adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) to induce platelet activation and thereby serves as an important antithrombotic drug target. Crystal structures of P2Y1 R revealed that one ligand (MRS2500) binds to the extracellular vestibule of this GPCR, whereas another (BPTU) occupies the surface between transmembrane (TM) helices TM2 and TM3. We introduced a total of 20 μs all-atom long-timescale molecular dynamic (MD) simulations to inquire why two molecules in completely different locations both serve as antagonists while ADP activates the receptor. Our results indicate that BPTU acts as an antagonist by stabilizing extracellular helix bundles leading to an increase of the lipid order, whereas MRS2500 blocks signaling by occupying the ligand binding site. Both antagonists stabilize an ionic lock within the receptor. However, binding of ADP breaks this ionic lock, forming a continuous water channel that leads to P2Y1 R activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Yuan
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Polymers and Membranes, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Horst Vogel
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Polymers and Membranes, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Slawomir Filipek
- Laboratory of Biomodeling, Faculty of Chemistry & Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Raymond C Stevens
- iHuman Institute, Shanghai Technical University, China and, Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Southern California, USA.
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Discovery of Potential Orthosteric and Allosteric Antagonists of P2Y1R from Chinese Herbs by Molecular Simulation Methods. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:4320201. [PMID: 27635149 PMCID: PMC5011212 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4320201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
P2Y1 receptor (P2Y1R), which belongs to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), is an important target in ADP-induced platelet aggregation. The crystal structure of P2Y1R has been solved recently, which revealed orthosteric and allosteric ligand-binding sites with the details of ligand-protein binding modes. And it suggests that P2Y1R antagonists, which recognize two distinct sites, could potentially provide an efficacious and safe antithrombotic profile. In present paper, 2D similarity search, pharmacophore based screening, and molecular docking were used to explore the potential natural P2Y1R antagonists. 2D similarity search was used to classify orthosteric and allosteric antagonists of P2Y1R. Based on the result, pharmacophore models were constructed and validated by the test set. Optimal models were selected to discover potential P2Y1R antagonists of orthosteric and allosteric sites from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). And the hits were filtered by Lipinski's rule. Then molecular docking was used to refine the results of pharmacophore based screening and analyze the binding mode of the hits and P2Y1R. Finally, two orthosteric and one allosteric potential compounds were obtained, which might be used in future P2Y1R antagonists design. This work provides a reliable guide for discovering natural P2Y1R antagonists acting on two distinct sites from TCM.
Collapse
|
26
|
Mañé N, Jiménez-Sábado V, Jiménez M. BPTU, an allosteric antagonist of P2Y1 receptor, blocks nerve mediated inhibitory neuromuscular responses in the gastrointestinal tract of rodents. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:376-385. [PMID: 27496690 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
P2Y1 receptors mediate nerve mediated purinergic inhibitory junction potentials (IJP) and relaxations in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in a wide range of species including rodents and humans. A new P2Y1 antagonist, with a non-nucleotide structure, BPTU, has recently been described using X-ray crystallography as the first allosteric G-protein-coupled receptor antagonist located entirely outside of the helical bundle. In this study, we tested its effect on purinergic responses in the gastrointestinal tract of rodents using electrophysiological and myographic techniques. BPTU concentration dependently inhibited purinergic inhibitory junction potentials and inhibition of spontaneous motility induced by electrical field stimulation in the colon of rats (EC50 = 0.3 μM) and mice (EC50 = 0.06 μM). Mechanical inhibitory responses were also concentration-dependently blocked in the stomach of both species. Compared to MRS2500, BPTU displays a lower potency. In the rat colon nicotine induced relaxation was also blocked by BPTU. BPTU also blocked the cessation of spontaneous contractility elicited by ADPβS and the P2Y1 agonist MRS2365. We conclude that BPTU is a novel antagonist with different structural and functional properties than nucleotidic antagonists that is able to block the P2Y1 receptor located at the neuromuscular junction of the GI tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Mañé
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neuroscience Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Verónica Jiménez-Sábado
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neuroscience Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marcel Jiménez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Neuroscience Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Conroy S, Kindon N, Kellam B, Stocks MJ. Drug-like Antagonists of P2Y Receptors-From Lead Identification to Drug Development. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9981-10005. [PMID: 27413802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
P2Y receptors are expressed in virtually all cells and tissue types and mediate an astonishing array of biological functions, including platelet aggregation, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and immune regulation. The P2Y receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and are composed of eight members encoded by distinct genes that can be subdivided into two groups on the basis of their coupling to specific G-proteins. Extensive research has been undertaken to find modulators of P2Y receptors, although to date only a limited number of small-molecule P2Y receptor antagonists have been approved by drug/medicines agencies. This Perspective reviews the known P2Y receptor antagonists, highlighting oral drug-like receptor antagonists, and considers future opportunities for the development of small molecules for clinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Conroy
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Nicholas Kindon
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Barrie Kellam
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Michael J Stocks
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yuan S, Chan HCS, Vogel H, Filipek S, Stevens RC, Palczewski K. The Molecular Mechanism of P2Y 1Receptor Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Yuan
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Polymers and Membranes; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne Switzerland
| | | | - Horst Vogel
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Polymers and Membranes; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Slawomir Filipek
- Laboratory of Biomodeling; Faculty of Chemistry & Biological and Chemical Research Centre; University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - Raymond C. Stevens
- iHuman Institute; Shanghai Technical University, China and; Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry; University of Southern California; USA
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jacobson KA, Müller CE. Medicinal chemistry of adenosine, P2Y and P2X receptors. Neuropharmacology 2015; 104:31-49. [PMID: 26686393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological tool compounds are now available to define action at the adenosine (ARs), P2Y and P2X receptors. We present a selection of the most commonly used agents to study purines in the nervous system. Some of these compounds, including A1 and A3 AR agonists, P2Y1R and P2Y12R antagonists, and P2X3, P2X4 and P2X7 antagonists, are potentially of clinical use in treatment of disorders of the nervous system, such as chronic pain, neurodegeneration and brain injury. Agonists of the A2AAR and P2Y2R are already used clinically, P2Y12R antagonists are widely used antithrombotics and an antagonist of the A2AAR is approved in Japan for treating Parkinson's disease. The selectivity defined for some of the previously introduced compounds has been revised with updated pharmacological characterization, for example, various AR agonists and antagonists were deemed A1AR or A3AR selective based on human data, but species differences indicated a reduction in selectivity ratios in other species. Also, many of the P2R ligands still lack bioavailability due to charged groups or hydrolytic (either enzymatic or chemical) instability. X-ray crystallographic structures of AR and P2YRs have shifted the mode of ligand discovery to structure-based approaches rather than previous empirical approaches. The X-ray structures can be utilized either for in silico screening of chemically diverse libraries for the discovery of novel ligands or for enhancement of the properties of known ligands by chemical modification. Although X-ray structures of the zebrafish P2X4R have been reported, there is scant structural information about ligand recognition in these trimeric ion channels. In summary, there are definitive, selective agonists and antagonists for all of the ARs and some of the P2YRs; while the pharmacochemistry of P2XRs is still in nascent stages. The therapeutic potential of selectively modulating these receptors is continuing to gain interest in such fields as cancer, inflammation, pain, diabetes, ischemic protection and many other conditions. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Purines in Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration'.
Collapse
Key Words
- 2-MeSADP, (PubChem CID: 121990)
- A-740003, (PubChem CID: 23232014)
- ATP
- Agonists
- Antagonists
- DPCPX, (PubChem CID: 1329)
- GPCR
- IB-MECA, (PubChem CID: 123683)
- Ion channel
- LUF6000, (PubChem CID: 11711282)
- MRS2500, (PubChem CID: 44448831)
- Nucleosides
- Nucleotides
- PPTN, (PubChem CID: 42611190)
- PSB-1114, (PubChem CID: 52952605)
- PSB-603, (PubChem CID: 44185871)
- SCH442416, (PubChem CID: 10668061)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 20892, Bethesda, USA.
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Borah AJ, Yan G, Wang L. RhIII-Catalyzed Olefination of 2-Aryloxypyridines Using 2-Pyridyloxyl as the Removable Directing Group. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
31
|
Jacobson KA, Paoletta S, Katritch V, Wu B, Gao ZG, Zhao Q, Stevens RC, Kiselev E. Nucleotides Acting at P2Y Receptors: Connecting Structure and Function. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:220-30. [PMID: 25837834 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.095711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight G protein-coupled P2Y receptor (P2YR) subtypes are important physiologic mediators. The human P2YRs are fully activated by ATP (P2Y2 and P2Y11), ADP (P2Y1, P2Y12, and P2Y13), UTP (P2Y2 and P2Y4), UDP (P2Y6 and P2Y14), and UDP glucose (P2Y14). Their structural elucidation is progressing rapidly. The X-ray structures of three ligand complexes of the Gi-coupled P2Y12R and two of the Gq-coupled P2Y1Rs were recently determined and will be especially useful in structure-based ligand design at two P2YR subfamilies. These high-resolution structures, which display unusual binding site features, complement mutagenesis studies for probing ligand recognition and activation. The structural requirements for nucleotide agonist recognition at P2YRs are relatively permissive with respect to the length of the phosphate moiety, but less so with respect to base recognition. Nucleotide-like antagonists and partial agonists are also known for P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y12Rs. Each P2YR subtype has the ability to be activated by structurally bifunctional agonists, such as dinucleotides, typically, dinucleoside triphosphates or tetraphosphates, and nucleoside polyphosphate sugars (e.g., UDP glucose) as well as the more conventional mononucleotide agonists. A range of dinucleoside polyphosphates, from triphosphates to higher homologs, occurs naturally. Earlier modeling predictions of the P2YRs were not very accurate, but recent findings have provided much detailed structural insight into this receptor family to aid in the rational design of new drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J., S.P., Z.-G.G., E.K.); The Bridge Institute, Dana and David Dornsife School of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (V.K., R.C.S.); and Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.W., Q.Z.)
| | - Silvia Paoletta
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J., S.P., Z.-G.G., E.K.); The Bridge Institute, Dana and David Dornsife School of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (V.K., R.C.S.); and Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.W., Q.Z.)
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J., S.P., Z.-G.G., E.K.); The Bridge Institute, Dana and David Dornsife School of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (V.K., R.C.S.); and Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.W., Q.Z.)
| | - Beili Wu
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J., S.P., Z.-G.G., E.K.); The Bridge Institute, Dana and David Dornsife School of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (V.K., R.C.S.); and Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.W., Q.Z.)
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J., S.P., Z.-G.G., E.K.); The Bridge Institute, Dana and David Dornsife School of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (V.K., R.C.S.); and Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.W., Q.Z.)
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J., S.P., Z.-G.G., E.K.); The Bridge Institute, Dana and David Dornsife School of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (V.K., R.C.S.); and Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.W., Q.Z.)
| | - Raymond C Stevens
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J., S.P., Z.-G.G., E.K.); The Bridge Institute, Dana and David Dornsife School of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (V.K., R.C.S.); and Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.W., Q.Z.)
| | - Evgeny Kiselev
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (K.A.J., S.P., Z.-G.G., E.K.); The Bridge Institute, Dana and David Dornsife School of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (V.K., R.C.S.); and Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (B.W., Q.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang D, Gao ZG, Zhang K, Kiselev E, Crane S, Wang J, Paoletta S, Yi C, Ma L, Zhang W, Han GW, Liu H, Cherezov V, Katritch V, Jiang H, Stevens RC, Jacobson KA, Zhao Q, Wu B. Two disparate ligand-binding sites in the human P2Y1 receptor. Nature 2015; 520:317-21. [PMID: 25822790 DOI: 10.1038/nature14287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In response to adenosine 5'-diphosphate, the P2Y1 receptor (P2Y1R) facilitates platelet aggregation, and thus serves as an important antithrombotic drug target. Here we report the crystal structures of the human P2Y1R in complex with a nucleotide antagonist MRS2500 at 2.7 Å resolution, and with a non-nucleotide antagonist BPTU at 2.2 Å resolution. The structures reveal two distinct ligand-binding sites, providing atomic details of P2Y1R's unique ligand-binding modes. MRS2500 recognizes a binding site within the seven transmembrane bundle of P2Y1R, which is different in shape and location from the nucleotide binding site in the previously determined structure of P2Y12R, representative of another P2YR subfamily. BPTU binds to an allosteric pocket on the external receptor interface with the lipid bilayer, making it the first structurally characterized selective G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligand located entirely outside of the helical bundle. These high-resolution insights into P2Y1R should enable discovery of new orthosteric and allosteric antithrombotic drugs with reduced adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kaihua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Evgeny Kiselev
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Steven Crane
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Silvia Paoletta
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Cuiying Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Limin Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenru Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gye Won Han
- Bridge Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Bridge Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Bridge Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Raymond C Stevens
- 1] Bridge Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA [2] Bridge Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA [3] iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 99 Haike Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Qiang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Beili Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jacobson KA, Gao ZG, Paoletta S, Kiselev E, Chakraborty S, Jayasekara PS, Balasubramanian R, Tosh DK. John Daly Lecture: Structure-guided Drug Design for Adenosine and P2Y Receptors. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2014; 13:286-98. [PMID: 25973142 PMCID: PMC4423517 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We establish structure activity relationships of extracellular nucleosides and nucleotides at G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), e.g. adenosine receptors (ARs) and P2Y receptors (P2YRs), respectively. We synthesize selective agents for use as pharmacological probes and potential therapeutic agents (e.g. A3AR agonists for neuropathic pain). Detailed structural information derived from the X-ray crystallographic structures within these families enables the design of novel ligands, guides modification of known agonists and antagonists, and helps predict polypharmacology. Structures were recently reported for the P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R), an anti-thrombotic target. Comparison of agonist-bound and antagonist-bound P2Y12R indicates unprecedented structural plasticity in the outer portions of the transmembrane (TM) domains and the extracellular loops. Nonphosphate-containing ligands of the P2YRs, such as the selective P2Y14R antagonist PPTN, are desired for bioavailability and increased stability. Also, A2AAR structures are effectively applied to homology modeling of closely related A1AR and A3AR, which are not yet crystallized. Conformational constraint of normally flexible ribose with bicyclic analogues increased the ligand selectivity. Comparison of rigid A3AR agonist congeners allows the exploration of interaction of specific regions of the nucleoside analogues with the target and off-target GPCRs, such as biogenic amine receptors. Molecular modeling predicts plasticity of the A3AR at TM2 to accommodate highly rigidified ligands. Novel fluorescent derivatives of high affinity GPCR ligands are useful tool compounds for characterization of receptors and their oligomeric assemblies. Fluorescent probes are useful for characterization of GPCRs in living cells by flow cytometry and other methods. Thus, 3D knowledge of receptor binding and activation facilitates drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Silvia Paoletta
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Evgeny Kiselev
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Saibal Chakraborty
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - P Suresh Jayasekara
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Ramachandran Balasubramanian
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang C, Sun P. Palladium-catalyzed direct C(sp(2))-H alkoxylation of 2-aryloxypyridines using 2-pyridyloxyl as the directing group. J Org Chem 2014; 79:8457-61. [PMID: 25111559 DOI: 10.1021/jo5014146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and highly regioselective palladium-catalyzed ortho-C(sp(2))-H bond alkoxylation of 2-aryloxypyridines was developed using 2-pyridyloxyl as the directing group and alcohols as alkoxylation reagents. Under an air atmosphere and in the presence of PhI(OAc)2, the reaction gave the corresponding products in moderate to good yields, and a series of functional groups could be tolerated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210097, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yang W, Wang Y, Lai A, Qiao JX, Wang TC, Hua J, Price LA, Shen H, Chen XQ, Wong P, Crain E, Watson C, Huang CS, Seiffert DA, Rehfuss R, Wexler RR, Lam PYS. Discovery of 4-aryl-7-hydroxyindoline-based P2Y1 antagonists as novel antiplatelet agents. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6150-64. [PMID: 24931384 DOI: 10.1021/jm5006226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-mediated platelet aggregation is signaled through two distinct G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) on the platelet surface: P2Y12 and P2Y1. Blocking P2Y12 receptor is a clinically well-validated strategy for antithrombotic therapy. P2Y1 antagonists have been shown to have the potential to provide equivalent antithrombotic efficacy as P2Y12 inhibitors with reduced bleeding in preclinical animal models. We have previously reported the discovery of a potent and orally bioavailable P2Y1 antagonist, 1. This paper describes further optimization of 1 by introducing 4-aryl groups at the hydroxylindoline in two series. In the neutral series, 10q was identified with excellent potency and desirable pharmacokinetic (PK) profile. It also demonstrated similar antithrombotic efficacy with less bleeding compared with the known P2Y12 antagonist prasugrel in rabbit efficacy/bleeding models. In the basic series, 20c (BMS-884775) was discovered with an improved PK and liability profile over 1. These results support P2Y1 antagonism as a promising new antiplatelet target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yang
- Discovery Chemistry, ‡Discovery Biology, and §Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research , Post Office Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08643-5400, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Qiao JX, Wang TC, Hiebert S, Hu CH, Schumacher WA, Spronk SA, Clark CG, Han Y, Hua J, Price LA, Shen H, Chacko SA, Everlof G, Bostwick JS, Steinbacher TE, Li YX, Huang CS, Seiffert DA, Rehfuss R, Wexler RR, Lam PYS. 4-Benzothiazole-7-hydroxyindolinyl diaryl ureas are potent P2Y1 antagonists with favorable pharmacokinetics: low clearance and small volume of distribution. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:2327-43. [PMID: 24989964 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Current antithrombotic discovery efforts target compounds that are highly efficacious in thrombus reduction with less bleeding liability than the standard of care. Preclinical data suggest that P2Y1 antagonists may have lower bleeding liabilities than P2Y12 antagonists while providing similar antithrombotic efficacy. This article describes our continuous SAR efforts in a series of 7-hydroxyindolinyl diaryl ureas. When dosed orally, 4-trifluoromethyl-7-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylindolinyl analogue 4 was highly efficacious in a model of arterial thrombosis in rats with limited bleeding. The chemically labile CF3 group in 4 was then transformed to various groups via a novel one-step synthesis, yielding a series of potent P2Y1 antagonists. Among them, the 4-benzothiazole-substituted indolines had desirable PK properties in rats, specifically, low clearance and small volume of distribution. In addition, compound 40 had high i.v. exposure and modest bioavailability, giving it the best overall profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer X Qiao
- Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Rt. 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543 (USA).
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hu CH, Qiao JX, Han Y, Wang TC, Hua J, Price LA, Wu Q, Shen H, Huang CS, Rehfuss R, Wexler RR, Lam PYS. 2-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles in the 7-hydroxy-N-neopentyl spiropiperidine indolinyl series as potent P2Y1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2481-5. [PMID: 24767843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of the P2Y1 receptor is important to the treatment of thrombosis with potentially improved safety margins compared with P2Y12 receptor antagonists. Investigation of a series of urea surrogates of the diaryl urea lead 3 led to the discovery of 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles in the 7-hydroxy-N-neopentyl spiropiperidine indolinyl series as potent P2Y1 receptor antagonists, among which compound 5a was the most potent and the first non-urea analog with platelet aggregation (PA) IC50 less than 0.5 μM with 10 μM ADP. Several 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole analogs such as 5b and 5f had a more favorable pharmacokinetic profile, such as higher Ctrough, lower Cl, smaller Vdss, and similar bioavailability compared with 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol H Hu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA.
| | - Jennifer X Qiao
- Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA.
| | - Ying Han
- Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Tammy C Wang
- Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Ji Hua
- Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Laura A Price
- Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Qimin Wu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Hong Shen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Christine S Huang
- Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Robert Rehfuss
- Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Ruth R Wexler
- Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Patrick Y S Lam
- Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jeon YT, Yang W, Qiao JX, Li L, Ruel R, Thibeault C, Hiebert S, Wang TC, Wang Y, Liu Y, Clark CG, Wong HS, Zhu J, Wu DR, Sun D, Chen BC, Mathur A, Chacko SA, Malley M, Chen XQ, Shen H, Huang CS, Schumacher WA, Bostwick JS, Stewart AB, Price LA, Hua J, Li D, Levesque PC, Seiffert DA, Rehfuss R, Wexler RR, Lam PYS. Identification of 1-{2-[4-chloro-1'-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-7-hydroxy-1,2-dihydrospiro[indole-3,4'-piperidine]-1-yl]phenyl}-3-{5-chloro-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2-yl}urea, a potent, efficacious and orally bioavailable P2Y(1) antagonist as an antiplatelet agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1294-8. [PMID: 24513044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Spiropiperidine indoline-substituted diaryl ureas had been identified as antagonists of the P2Y1 receptor. Enhancements in potency were realized through the introduction of a 7-hydroxyl substitution on the spiropiperidinylindoline chemotype. SAR studies were conducted to improve PK and potency, resulting in the identification of compound 3e, a potent, orally bioavailable P2Y1 antagonist with a suitable PK profile in preclinical species. Compound 3e demonstrated a robust antithrombotic effect in vivo and improved bleeding risk profile compared to the P2Y12 antagonist clopidogrel in rat efficacy/bleeding models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon T Jeon
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Wu Yang
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA.
| | - Jennifer X Qiao
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA.
| | - Ling Li
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Rejean Ruel
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Carl Thibeault
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Sheldon Hiebert
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Tammy C Wang
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Yajun Liu
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Charles G Clark
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Henry S Wong
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Juliang Zhu
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Dauh-Rurng Wu
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Dawn Sun
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Bang-Chi Chen
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Silvi A Chacko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Mary Malley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Xue-Qing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Christine S Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - William A Schumacher
- Discovery Biology, Cardiovascular, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Bostwick
- Discovery Biology, Cardiovascular, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Anne B Stewart
- Discovery Biology, Cardiovascular, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Laura A Price
- Discovery Biology, Cardiovascular, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Ji Hua
- Discovery Biology, Cardiovascular, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Danshi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Paul C Levesque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Dietmar A Seiffert
- Discovery Biology, Cardiovascular, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Robert Rehfuss
- Discovery Biology, Cardiovascular, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Ruth R Wexler
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | - Patrick Y S Lam
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cui L, He X. 2-(2-Fluoro-4-nitrophenoxy)-3-nitropyridine. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2014; 70:o100. [PMID: 24526961 PMCID: PMC3914119 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813034181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C11H6FN3O5, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 72.4 (3)°. The NO2 groups form dihedral angles of 40.8 (2) and 4.8 (2)°, respectively, with the attached pyridine and benzene rings. The crystal structure features π–π stacking between centrosymmetrically related pairs of pyridine rings [centroid–centroid separation = 3.800 (3) Å].
Collapse
|
40
|
Qiao JX, Wang TC, Ruel R, Thibeault C, L'Heureux A, Schumacher WA, Spronk SA, Hiebert S, Bouthillier G, Lloyd J, Pi Z, Schnur DM, Abell LM, Hua J, Price LA, Liu E, Wu Q, Steinbacher TE, Bostwick JS, Chang M, Zheng J, Gao Q, Ma B, McDonnell PA, Huang CS, Rehfuss R, Wexler RR, Lam PYS. Conformationally constrained ortho-anilino diaryl ureas: discovery of 1-(2-(1'-neopentylspiro[indoline-3,4'-piperidine]-1-yl)phenyl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)urea, a potent, selective, and bioavailable P2Y1 antagonist. J Med Chem 2013; 56:9275-95. [PMID: 24164581 DOI: 10.1021/jm4013906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical antithrombotic efficacy and bleeding models have demonstrated that P2Y1 antagonists are efficacious as antiplatelet agents and may offer a safety advantage over P2Y12 antagonists in terms of reduced bleeding liabilities. In this article, we describe the structural modification of the tert-butyl phenoxy portion of lead compound 1 and the subsequent discovery of a novel series of conformationally constrained ortho-anilino diaryl ureas. In particular, spiropiperidine indoline-substituted diaryl ureas are described as potent, orally bioavailable small-molecule P2Y1 antagonists with improved activity in functional assays and improved oral bioavailability in rats. Homology modeling and rat PK/PD studies on benchmark compound 3l will also be presented. Compound 3l was our first P2Y1 antagonist to demonstrate a robust oral antithrombotic effect with mild bleeding liability in the rat thrombosis and hemostasis models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer X Qiao
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ruel R, L'Heureux A, Thibeault C, Lapointe P, Martel A, Qiao JX, Hua J, Price LA, Wu Q, Chang M, Zheng J, Huang CS, Wexler RR, Rehfuss R, Lam PYS. Potent P2Y1 urea antagonists bearing various cyclic amine scaffolds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6825-8. [PMID: 24269480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A number of new amine scaffolds with good inhibitory activity in the ADP-induced platelet aggregation assay have been found to be potent antagonists of the P2Y1 receptor. SAR optimization led to the identification of isoindoline 3c and piperidine 4a which showed good in vitro binding and functional activities, as well as improved aqueous solubility. Among them, the piperidine 4a showed the best overall profile with favorable PK parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Réjean Ruel
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pi Z, Sutton J, Lloyd J, Hua J, Price L, Wu Q, Chang M, Zheng J, Rehfuss R, Huang CS, Wexler RR, Lam PY. 2-Aminothiazole based P2Y1 antagonists as novel antiplatelet agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4206-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
43
|
Ruel R, L'Heureux A, Thibeault C, Daris JP, Martel A, Price LA, Wu Q, Hua J, Wexler RR, Rehfuss R, Lam PYS. New azole antagonists with high affinity for the P2Y(1) receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3519-22. [PMID: 23668989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Five-membered-ring heterocyclic urea mimics have been found to be potent and selective antagonists of the P2Y1 receptor. SAR of the various heterocyclic replacements is presented, as well as side-chain SAR of the more potent thiadiazole ring system which leads to thiadiazole 4c as a new antiplatelet agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Réjean Ruel
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang TC, Qiao JX, Clark CG, Jua J, Price LA, Wu Q, Chang M, Zheng J, Huang CS, Everlof G, Schumacher WA, Wong PC, Seiffert DA, Stewart AB, Bostwick JS, Crain EJ, Watson CA, Rehfuss R, Wexler RR, Lam PYS. Discovery of diarylurea P2Y(1) antagonists with improved aqueous solubility. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3239-43. [PMID: 23602442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical data suggests that P2Y1 antagonists, such as diarylurea compound 1, may provide antithrombotic efficacy similar to P2Y12 antagonists and may have the potential of providing reduced bleeding liabilities. This manuscript describes a series of diarylureas bearing solublizing amine side chains as potent P2Y1 antagonists. Among them, compounds 2l and 3h had improved aqueous solubility and maintained antiplatelet activity compared with compound 1. Compound 2l was moderately efficacious in both rat and rabbit thrombosis models and had a moderate prolongation of bleeding time in rats similar to that of compound 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tammy C Wang
- Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|