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Gribble GW. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds-A Comprehensive Review. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 121:1-546. [PMID: 37488466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26629-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number-from fewer than 25 in 1968-to approximately 8000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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2
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Next-Generation Polymyxin Class of Antibiotics: A Ray of Hope Illuminating a Dark Road. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121711. [PMID: 36551367 PMCID: PMC9774142 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although new-generation antimicrobials, in particular β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors, have largely replaced polymyxins in carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections, polymyxins are still needed for carbapanem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections and in settings where novel agents are not readily available. Despite their potent in vitro activity, the clinical utility of polymyxins is significantly limited by their pharmacokinetic properties and nephrotoxicity risk. There is significant interest, therefore, in developing next-generation polymyxins with activity against colistin-resistant strains and lower toxicity than existing polymyxins. In this review, we aim to present the antibacterial activity mechanisms, in vitro and in vivo efficacy data, and toxicity profiles of new-generation polymyxins, including SPR206, MRX-8, and QPX9003, as well as the general characteristics of old polymyxins. Considering the emergence of colistin-resistant strains particularly in endemic regions, the restoration of the antimicrobial activity of polymyxins via PBT2 is also described in this review.
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3
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Shen J, Xu J, He L, Liang C, Li W. Application of Langlois’ reagent (NaSO2CF3) in C–H functionalisation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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4
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Iacovelli R, Bovenberg RAL, Driessen AJM. Nonribosomal peptide synthetases and their biotechnological potential in Penicillium rubens. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6324005. [PMID: 34279620 PMCID: PMC8788816 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) are large multimodular enzymes that synthesize a diverse variety of peptides. Many of these are currently used as pharmaceuticals, thanks to their activity as antimicrobials (penicillin, vancomycin, daptomycin, echinocandin), immunosuppressant (cyclosporin) and anticancer compounds (bleomycin). Because of their biotechnological potential, NRPSs have been extensively studied in the past decades. In this review, we provide an overview of the main structural and functional features of these enzymes, and we consider the challenges and prospects of engineering NRPSs for the synthesis of novel compounds. Furthermore, we discuss secondary metabolism and NRP synthesis in the filamentous fungus Penicillium rubens and examine its potential for the production of novel and modified β-lactam antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Iacovelli
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel A L Bovenberg
- Synthetic Biology and Cell Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,DSM Biotechnology Centre, 2613 AX Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold J M Driessen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Leng DJ, Greule A, Cryle MJ, Tosin M. Chemical probes reveal the timing of early chlorination in vancomycin biosynthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2293-2296. [PMID: 33533358 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07421g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycopeptides such as vancomycin are antibiotics of last resort whose biosynthetic pathways still hold undefined details. Chemical probes were used to capture biosynthetic intermediates generated in the nonribosomal peptide formation of vancomycin in vivo. The putative intercepted intermediates were characterised via HR-LC-MS2. These species provided insights into the timing of the first chlorination of the peptide backbone by the halogenase VhaA: this holds significant interest for enzyme engineering towards the making of novel glycopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Leng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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6
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Zhao Y, Ho YTC, Tailhades J, Cryle M. Understanding the Glycopeptide Antibiotic Crosslinking Cascade: In Vitro Approaches Reveal the Details of a Complex Biosynthesis Pathway. Chembiochem 2020; 22:43-51. [PMID: 32696500 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs) are a fascinating example of complex natural product biosynthesis, with the nonribosomal synthesis of the peptide core coupled to a cytochrome P450-mediated cyclisation cascade that crosslinks aromatic side chains within this peptide. Given that the challenges associated with the synthesis of GPAs stems from their highly crosslinked structure, there is great interest in understanding how biosynthesis accomplishes this challenging set of transformations. In this regard, the use of in vitro experiments has delivered important insights into this process, including the identification of the unique role of the X-domain as a platform for P450 recruitment. In this minireview, we present an analysis of the results of in vitro studies into the GPA cyclisation cascade that have demonstrated both the tolerances and limitations of this process for modified substrates, and in turn developed rules for the future reengineering of this important antibiotic class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Zhao
- The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Y T Candace Ho
- The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Julien Tailhades
- The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Max Cryle
- The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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7
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Liu K, Huigens RW. Instructive Advances in Chemical Microbiology Inspired by Nature's Diverse Inventory of Molecules. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:541-562. [PMID: 31842540 PMCID: PMC7346871 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural product antibiotics have played an essential role in the treatment of bacterial infection in addition to serving as useful tools to explore the intricate biology of bacteria. Our current arsenal of antibiotics operate through the inhibition of well-defined bacterial targets critical for replication and growth. Pathogenic bacteria effectively utilize a diversity of mechanisms that lead to acquired resistance and/or innate tolerance toward antibiotic therapies, which can result in devastating consequences to human life. Several research groups have established innovative programs that work at the chemistry-biology interface to develop new molecules that aim to define and address concerns related to antibiotic resistance and tolerance. In this Review, we present recent progress by select research groups that highlight a diversity of integrated chemical biology and medicinal chemistry approaches aimed at the development and utilization of chemical tools that have led to promising new microbiological insights that may lead to significant clinical advances regarding the treatment of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- 1345 Center Drive, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Robert W. Huigens
- 1345 Center Drive, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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8
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Marschall E, Cryle MJ, Tailhades J. Biological, chemical, and biochemical strategies for modifying glycopeptide antibiotics. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18769-18783. [PMID: 31672921 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.006349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of vancomycin in the 1950s, the glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs) have been of great interest to the scientific community. These nonribosomally biosynthesized peptides are highly cross-linked, often glycosylated, and inhibit bacterial cell wall assembly by interfering with peptidoglycan synthesis. Interest in glycopeptide antibiotics covers many scientific disciplines, due to their challenging total syntheses, complex biosynthesis pathways, mechanism of action, and high potency. After intense efforts, early enthusiasm has given way to a recognition of the challenges in chemically synthesizing GPAs and of the effort needed to study and modify GPA-producing strains to prepare new GPAs to address the increasing threat of microbial antibiotic resistance. Although the preparation of GPAs, either by modifying the pendant groups such as saccharides or by functionalizing the N- or C-terminal moieties, is readily achievable, the peptide core of these molecules-the GPA aglycone-remains highly challenging to modify. This review aims to present a summary of the results of GPA modification obtained with the three major approaches developed to date: in vivo strain manipulation, total chemical synthesis, and chemoenzymatic synthesis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Marschall
- The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Max J Cryle
- The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Julien Tailhades
- The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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9
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Outer Membrane Interaction Kinetics of New Polymyxin B Analogs in Gram-Negative Bacilli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00935-19. [PMID: 31332075 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00935-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli are a severe global health threat, limiting effective drug choices for treatment. In this study, polymyxin analogs designed to have reduced nephrotoxicity, direct activity, and potentiating activity were assessed for inhibition and outer membrane interaction kinetics against wild-type (WT) and polymyxin or multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae In MIC assays, two polymyxin B (PMB) analogs (SPR1205 and SPR206) and a polymyxin E analog (SPR946), with shortened peptide side chains and branched aminobutyryl N termini, exhibited promising activity compared with PMB and previously tested control polymyxin analogs SPR741 and polymyxin B nonapeptide (PMBN). Using dansyl-polymyxin (DPX) binding to assess the affinity of interaction with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), purified or in the context of intact cells, SPR206 exhibited similar affinities to PMB but higher affinities than the other SPR analogs. Outer membrane permeabilization measured by the 1-N-phenyl-napthylamine (NPN) assay did not differ significantly between the polymyxin analogs. Moreover, Hill numbers were greater than 1 for most of the compounds tested on E. coli and P. aeruginosa strains which indicates that the disruption of the outer membrane by one molecule of compound cooperatively enhances the subsequent interactions of other molecules against WT and MDR strains. The high activity demonstrated by SPR206 as well as its ability to displace LPS and permeabilize the outer membrane of multiple strains of Gram-negative bacilli while showing cooperative potential with other membrane disrupting compounds supports further research with this polymyxin analog.
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10
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Abouelhassan Y, Garrison AT, Yang H, Chávez-Riveros A, Burch GM, Huigens RW. Recent Progress in Natural-Product-Inspired Programs Aimed To Address Antibiotic Resistance and Tolerance. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7618-7642. [PMID: 30951303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria utilize multiple mechanisms that enable them to gain or acquire resistance to antibiotic therapies during the treatment of infections. In addition, bacteria form biofilms which are surface-attached communities of enriched populations containing persister cells encased within a protective extracellular matrix of biomolecules, leading to chronic and recurring antibiotic-tolerant infections. Antibiotic resistance and tolerance are major global problems that require innovative therapeutic strategies to address the challenges associated with pathogenic bacteria. Historically, natural products have played a critical role in bringing new therapies to the clinic to treat life-threatening bacterial infections. This Perspective provides an overview of antibiotic resistance and tolerance and highlights recent advances (chemistry, biology, drug discovery, and development) from various research programs involved in the discovery of new antibacterial agents inspired by a diverse series of natural product antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Abouelhassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Aaron T Garrison
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Hongfen Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Alejandra Chávez-Riveros
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Gena M Burch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Robert W Huigens
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zeng
- Department of Molecular BioscienceUniversity of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 89812 United States
| | - Jixun Zhan
- Department of Biological EngineeringUtah State University Logan, Utah 84321 United States
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12
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Trichlorination of a Teicoplanin-Type Glycopeptide Antibiotic by the Halogenase StaI Evades Resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01540-18. [PMID: 30275088 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01540-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs) include clinically important drugs used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens. These antibiotics are specialized metabolites produced by several genera of actinomycete bacteria. While many GPAs are highly chemically modified, A47934 is a relatively unadorned GPA lacking sugar or acyl modifications, common to other members of the class, but which is chlorinated at three distinct sites. The biosynthesis of A47934 is encoded by a 68-kb gene cluster in Streptomyces toyocaensis NRRL 15009. The cluster includes all necessary genes for the synthesis of A47934, including two predicted halogenase genes, staI and staK In this study, we report that only one of the halogenase genes, staI, is necessary and essential for A47934 biosynthesis. Chlorination of the A47934 scaffold is important for antibiotic activity, as assessed by binding affinity for the target N-acyl-d-Ala-d-Ala. Surprisingly, chlorination is also vital to avoid activation of enterococcal and Streptomyces VanB-type GPA resistance through induction of resistance genes. Phenotypic assays showed stronger induction of GPA resistance by the dechlorinated compared to the chlorinated GPA. Correspondingly, the relative expression of the enterococcal vanA resistance gene was shown to be increased by the dechlorinated compared to the chlorinated compound. These results provide insight into the biosynthesis of GPAs and the biological function of GPA chlorination for this medically important class of antibiotic.
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13
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Mishra NM, Stolarzewicz I, Cannaerts D, Schuermans J, Lavigne R, Looz Y, Landuyt B, Schoofs L, Schols D, Paeshuyse J, Hickenbotham P, Clokie M, Luyten W, Van der Eycken EV, Briers Y. Iterative Chemical Engineering of Vancomycin Leads to Novel Vancomycin Analogs With a High in Vitro Therapeutic Index. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1175. [PMID: 29930540 PMCID: PMC6001238 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that inhibits transpeptidation during cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-Ala-D-Ala termini of lipid II. For long, it has been used as a last resort antibiotic. However, since the emergence of the first vancomycin-resistant enterococci in 1987, vancomycin resistance has become widespread, especially in hospitals. We have synthesized and evaluated 110 vancomycin analogs modified at the C-terminal carboxyl group of the heptapeptide moiety with R2NHR1NH2 substituents. Through iterative optimizations of the substituents, we identified vancomycin analogs that fully restore (or even exceed) the original inhibitory activity against vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), vancomycin-intermediate (VISA) and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) strains. The best analogs have improved growth inhibitory activity and in vitro therapeutic indices against a broad set of VRE and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. They also exceed the activity of vancomycin against Clostridium difficile ribotypes. Vanc-39 and Vanc-42 have a low probability to provoke antibiotic resistance, and overcome different vancomycin resistance mechanisms (VanA, VanB, and VanC1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigam M. Mishra
- Laboratory for Organic and Microwave-Assisted Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Izabela Stolarzewicz
- Laboratory for Organic and Microwave-Assisted Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David Cannaerts
- Laboratory for Organic and Microwave-Assisted Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris Schuermans
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yannick Looz
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Landuyt
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liliane Schoofs
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Paeshuyse
- Laboratory for Host Pathogen Interactions, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Hickenbotham
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Martha Clokie
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Walter Luyten
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik V. Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic and Microwave-Assisted Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yves Briers
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Koh JJ, Lin S, Bai Y, Sin WWL, Aung TT, Li J, Chandra V, Pervushin K, Beuerman RW, Liu S. Antimicrobial activity profiles of Amphiphilic Xanthone derivatives are a function of their molecular Oligomerization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:2281-2298. [PMID: 29782818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, membrane-targeting small antimicrobial peptidomimetics (SAP) are important in antibiotic development because bacteria appear to develop resistance to these surface-active compounds less readily. However, the molecular membrane-targeting action of SAPs has received little attention. In this study, we investigated the effect of oligomerization of amphiphilic xanthone, a model SAP, on its antimicrobial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. First, oligomer formation by an amphiphilic xanthone, compound 2 (also coded as AM052), was investigated via solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Then, the effects of oligomerization on membrane disruption were further studied via biophysical approaches. The results showed that the antimicrobial activities of SAPs develop in several stages: oligomer formation in aqueous solution, initial binding of oligomers to the membrane-water interface followed by insertion into the membrane bilayer, aggregation of antimicrobial oligomers in the membrane, and induced membrane leakage. Ultimately, the presence of the oligomers in the bacterial membrane leads to decreased membrane fluidity and bacterial cell death. Interestingly, the early formation of large oligomers leads to stronger membrane disruption and more rapid bacterial killing. However, reduced antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative bacteria were observed for compounds that formed larger oligomers because the LPS layer acts as a barrier to large complexes. Taken together, our results suggest that oligomerization of SAPs has a strong impact on their antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Koh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856, Singapore
| | - Shuimu Lin
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856, Singapore
| | - Yang Bai
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
| | - Wendy Wan Ling Sin
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856, Singapore
| | - Thet Tun Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856, Singapore
| | - Jianguo Li
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856, Singapore; Bioinformatics Institute, 138671, Singapore
| | - Verma Chandra
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856, Singapore; Bioinformatics Institute, 138671, Singapore
| | - Konstantin Pervushin
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore.
| | - Roger W Beuerman
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, SRP Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Shouping Liu
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, 169856, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, SRP Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, 169857, Singapore.
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15
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Abstract
![]()
Glycopeptide
antibiotics (GPAs) are a key weapon in the fight against drug resistant
bacteria, with vancomycin still a mainstream therapy against serious
Gram-positive infections more than 50 years after it was first introduced.
New, more potent semisynthetic derivatives that have entered the clinic,
such as dalbavancin and oritavancin, have superior pharmacokinetic
and target engagement profiles that enable successful treatment of
vancomycin-resistant infections. In the face of resistance development,
with multidrug resistant (MDR) S. pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) together causing 20-fold more infections than all MDR Gram-negative
infections combined, further improvements are desirable to ensure
the Gram-positive armamentarium is adequately maintained for future
generations. A range of modified glycopeptides has been generated
in the past decade via total syntheses, semisynthetic modifications
of natural products, or biological engineering. Several of these
have undergone extensive characterization with demonstrated in vivo efficacy, good PK/PD profiles, and no reported preclinical
toxicity; some may be suitable for formal preclinical development.
The natural product monobactam, cephalosporin, and β-lactam
antibiotics all spawned multiple generations of commercially and clinically
successful semisynthetic derivatives. Similarly, next-generation glycopeptides
are now technically well positioned to advance to the clinic, if sufficient
funding and market support returns to antibiotic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. T. Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Karl A. Hansford
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mark S. Butler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - ZhiGuang Jia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alan E. Mark
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew A. Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Starting Materials and Characterization of Halogenases Requiring Acyl Carrier Protein-Tethered Substrates. Methods Enzymol 2018; 604:333-366. [PMID: 29779658 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent halogenases are widespread in natural product biosynthetic gene clusters and have been demonstrated to employ small organic molecules as substrates for halogenation, as well as substrates that are tethered to carrier proteins (CPs). Despite numerous reports of FAD-dependent halogenases utilizing CP-tethered substrates, only a few have been biochemically characterized due to limited accessibility to the physiological substrates. Here, we describe a method for the preparation of acyl-S-CP substrates and their use in biochemical assays to query the activity of FAD-dependent halogenases. Furthermore, we describe a mass spectrometry-based method for the characterization of acyl-S-CP substrates and the corresponding halogenated products generated by the halogenases. Finally, we test the substrate specificity of a physiological chlorinase and a physiological brominase from marine bacteria, and, for the first time, demonstrate the distinct halide specificity of halogenases. The methodology described here will enable characterization of new halogenases employing CP-tethered substrates.
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17
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Abstract
The application of small molecules as catalysts for the diversification of natural product scaffolds is reviewed. Specifically, principles that relate to the selectivity challenges intrinsic to complex molecular scaffolds are summarized. The synthesis of analogues of natural products by this approach is then described as a quintessential "late-stage functionalization" exercise wherein natural products serve as the lead scaffolds. Given the historical application of enzymatic catalysts to the site-selective alteration of complex molecules, the focus of this Review is on the recent studies of nonenzymatic catalysts. Reactions involving hydroxyl group derivatization with a variety of electrophilic reagents are discussed. C-H bond functionalizations that lead to oxidations, aminations, and halogenations are also presented. Several examples of site-selective olefin functionalizations and C-C bond formations are also included. Numerous classes of natural products have been subjected to these studies of site-selective alteration including polyketides, glycopeptides, terpenoids, macrolides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, and others. What emerges is a platform for chemical remodeling of naturally occurring scaffolds that targets virtually all known chemical functionalities and microenvironments. However, challenges for the design of very broad classes of catalysts, with even broader selectivity demands (e.g., stereoselectivity, functional group selectivity, and site-selectivity) persist. Yet, a significant spectrum of powerful, catalytic alterations of complex natural products now exists such that expansion of scope seems inevitable. Several instances of biological activity assays of remodeled natural product derivatives are also presented. These reports may foreshadow further interdisciplinary impacts for catalytic remodeling of natural products, including contributions to SAR development, mode of action studies, and eventually medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Shugrue
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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18
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Kittilä T, Kittel C, Tailhades J, Butz D, Schoppet M, Büttner A, Goode RJA, Schittenhelm RB, van Pee KH, Süssmuth RD, Wohlleben W, Cryle MJ, Stegmann E. Halogenation of glycopeptide antibiotics occurs at the amino acid level during non-ribosomal peptide synthesis. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5992-6004. [PMID: 28989629 PMCID: PMC5620994 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00460e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Halogenation plays a significant role in the activity of the glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs), although up until now the timing and therefore exact substrate involved was unclear. Here, we present results combined from in vivo and in vitro studies that reveal the substrates for the halogenase enzymes from GPA biosynthesis as amino acid residues bound to peptidyl carrier protein (PCP)-domains from the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase machinery: no activity was detected upon either free amino acids or PCP-bound peptides. Furthermore, we show that the selectivity of GPA halogenase enzymes depends upon both the structure of the bound amino acid and the PCP domain, rather than being driven solely via the PCP domain. These studies provide the first detailed understanding of how halogenation is performed during GPA biosynthesis and highlight the importance and versatility of trans-acting enzymes that operate during peptide assembly by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Kittilä
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms , Max Planck Institute for Medical Research , Jahnstrasse 29 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Claudia Kittel
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tuebingen , Microbiology/Biotechnology , University of Tuebingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 28 , 72076 Tuebingen , Germany .
| | - Julien Tailhades
- EMBL Australia , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia .
- The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Diane Butz
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Melanie Schoppet
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms , Max Planck Institute for Medical Research , Jahnstrasse 29 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- EMBL Australia , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia .
- The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Anita Büttner
- Allgemeine Biochemie , TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Rob J A Goode
- The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Karl-Heinz van Pee
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Wohlleben
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tuebingen , Microbiology/Biotechnology , University of Tuebingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 28 , 72076 Tuebingen , Germany .
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) , Partner Site Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Max J Cryle
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms , Max Planck Institute for Medical Research , Jahnstrasse 29 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- EMBL Australia , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia .
- The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Evi Stegmann
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tuebingen , Microbiology/Biotechnology , University of Tuebingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 28 , 72076 Tuebingen , Germany .
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) , Partner Site Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
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19
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Hong J, Wang G, Huo L, Zheng C. Copper-Promoted Conversion of Aromatic Amines into Trifluoromethylated Arenes: One-Pot Sandmeyer Trifluoromethylation. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201700311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Guifu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Lianguang Huo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Changge Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- College of Chemistry Engineering; Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830052 China
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20
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Hong J, Huo L, Yang Y, Wang G, Zheng C. Copper-Promoted One-Pot Trifluoromethylation of Aromatic Amines with Togni′s Reagent. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Hong
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Lianguang Huo
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Yupeng Yang
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Guifu Wang
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Changge Zheng
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry Engineering; Xinjiang Agricultural University; 311 Nongda East Road Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830052 People's Republic of China
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21
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Agarwal V, Miles ZD, Winter JM, Eustáquio AS, El Gamal AA, Moore BS. Enzymatic Halogenation and Dehalogenation Reactions: Pervasive and Mechanistically Diverse. Chem Rev 2017; 117:5619-5674. [PMID: 28106994 PMCID: PMC5575885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Naturally produced halogenated compounds are ubiquitous across all domains of life where they perform a multitude of biological functions and adopt a diversity of chemical structures. Accordingly, a diverse collection of enzyme catalysts to install and remove halogens from organic scaffolds has evolved in nature. Accounting for the different chemical properties of the four halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine) and the diversity and chemical reactivity of their organic substrates, enzymes performing biosynthetic and degradative halogenation chemistry utilize numerous mechanistic strategies involving oxidation, reduction, and substitution. Biosynthetic halogenation reactions range from simple aromatic substitutions to stereoselective C-H functionalizations on remote carbon centers and can initiate the formation of simple to complex ring structures. Dehalogenating enzymes, on the other hand, are best known for removing halogen atoms from man-made organohalogens, yet also function naturally, albeit rarely, in metabolic pathways. This review details the scope and mechanism of nature's halogenation and dehalogenation enzymatic strategies, highlights gaps in our understanding, and posits where new advances in the field might arise in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Agarwal
- Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego
| | - Zachary D. Miles
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego
| | | | - Alessandra S. Eustáquio
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy and Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Abrahim A. El Gamal
- Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego
| | - Bradley S. Moore
- Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego
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22
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Zarins-Tutt JS, Abraham ER, Bailey CS, Goss RJM. Bluegenics: Bioactive Natural Products of Medicinal Relevance and Approaches to Their Diversification. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 55:159-186. [PMID: 28238038 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nature provides a valuable resource of medicinally relevant compounds, with many antimicrobial and antitumor agents entering clinical trials being derived from natural products. The generation of analogues of these bioactive natural products is important in order to gain a greater understanding of structure activity relationships; probing the mechanism of action, as well as to optimise the natural product's bioactivity and bioavailability. This chapter critically examines different approaches to generating natural products and their analogues, exploring the way in which synthetic and biosynthetic approaches may be blended together to enable expeditious access to new designer natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily R Abraham
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Rebecca J M Goss
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK.
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23
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Peschke M, Brieke C, Goode RJA, Schittenhelm RB, Cryle MJ. Chlorinated Glycopeptide Antibiotic Peptide Precursors Improve Cytochrome P450-Catalyzed Cyclization Cascade Efficiency. Biochemistry 2017; 56:1239-1247. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Peschke
- Department
of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clara Brieke
- Department
of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rob J. A. Goode
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Monash
Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ralf B. Schittenhelm
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Monash
Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Max J. Cryle
- Department
of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- EMBL
Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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24
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New antibiotics from Nature’s chemical inventory. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:6227-6252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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25
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Brieke C, Yim G, Peschke M, Wright GD, Cryle MJ. Catalytic promiscuity of glycopeptide N-methyltransferases enables bio-orthogonal labelling of biosynthetic intermediates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:13679-13682. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06975d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable promiscuity of N-methyltransferases enables modulation of biological activity as well as bio-orthogonal labelling of glycopeptide antibiotics and biosynthetic intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Brieke
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Grace Yim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences
- M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Madeleine Peschke
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Gerard D. Wright
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences
- M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Max J. Cryle
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
- EMBL Australia
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26
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References. Antibiotics (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555819316.refs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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27
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Wadzinski TJ, Gea KD, Miller SJ. A stepwise dechlorination/cross-coupling strategy to diversify the vancomycin 'in-chloride'. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 26:1025-1028. [PMID: 26725950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to rapidly access vancomycin analogues bearing diverse functionality at the 6c-Cl (the 'in-chloride') position, a two-step dechlorination/cross-coupling protocol was developed. Conditions for efficient cross-coupling of the relatively unreactive 6c-Cl group were found that ensure high conversion with minimal product decomposition. A set of 2c-dechloro-6c-functionalized vancomycin derivatives was prepared, and antibiotic activities of the compounds were evaluated against a panel of vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-susceptible strains. Results from biological testing further underscore the steric sensitivity of vancomycin's binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Wadzinski
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, PO Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, United States
| | - Katherine D Gea
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, PO Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, United States
| | - Scott J Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, PO Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, United States.
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28
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Yoganathan S, Miller SJ. Structure diversification of vancomycin through peptide-catalyzed, site-selective lipidation: a catalysis-based approach to combat glycopeptide-resistant pathogens. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2367-77. [PMID: 25671771 DOI: 10.1021/jm501872s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant infections highlights the need for novel antibiotic leads, perhaps with a broader spectrum of activity. Herein, we disclose a semisynthetic, catalytic approach for structure diversification of vancomycin. We have identified three unique peptide catalysts that exhibit site-selectivity for the lipidation of the aliphatic hydroxyls on vancomycin, generating three new derivatives 9a, 9b, and 9c. Incorporation of lipid chains into the vancomycin scaffold provides promising improvement of its bioactivity against vancomycin-resistant enterococci (Van A and Van B phenotypes of VRE). The MICs for 9a, 9b, and 9c against MRSA and VRE (Van B phenotype) range from 0.12 to 0.25 μg/mL. We have also performed a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study to investigate the effect of lipid chain length at the newly accessible G4-OH derivatization site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabesan Yoganathan
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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29
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Glycopeptide antibiotics: Back to the future. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2014; 67:631-44. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2014.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Schmartz PC, Zerbe K, Abou-Hadeed K, Robinson JA. Bis-chlorination of a hexapeptide–PCP conjugate by the halogenase involved in vancomycin biosynthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:5574-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00474d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The vancomycin biosynthetic halogenase can bis-chlorinate both β-hydroxytyrosine residues-2 and -6 in a model substrate comprising a PCP-linked hexapeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katja Zerbe
- Chemistry Department
- University of Zurich
- 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - John A. Robinson
- Chemistry Department
- University of Zurich
- 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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32
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Investigation into the functional impact of the vancomycin C-ring aryl chloride. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4817-9. [PMID: 23880541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A vancomycin aglycon analogue that possesses a reduced C-ring and an intact E-ring chloride was prepared and its antimicrobial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus and binding affinity to model cell wall ligands were established. Comparison of the derivative with a series of vancomycin aglycon analogues that possess and lack the chloro substituents on the aryl C- and E-rings defines the impact and further refines the role the C-ring chloride plays in promoting both target binding affinity and binding selectivity for d-Ala-d-Ala and its impact on antimicrobial activity.
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