1
|
Lei M, Liu J, Gao Y, Dai W, Huang H, Jiang Q, Liu Z. DPP Inhibition Enhances the Efficacy of PD-1 Blockade by Remodeling the Tumor Microenvironment in Lewis Lung Carcinoma Model. Biomolecules 2024; 14:391. [PMID: 38672409 PMCID: PMC11047990 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The remarkable efficacy of cancer immunotherapy has been established in several tumor types. Of the various immunotherapies, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are most extensively used in the treatment of many cancers in clinics. These inhibitors restore the suppressed antitumor immune response and inhibit tumor progression by blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling. However, the low response rate is a major limitation in the clinical application of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Therefore, combination strategies that enhance the response rate are the need of the hour. In this investigation, PT-100 (also referred to as Talabostat, Val-boroPro, and BXCL701), an orally administered and nonselective dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor, not only augmented the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 therapy but also significantly improved T immune cell infiltration and reversed the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The combination of PT-100 and anti-PD-1 antibody increased the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Moreover, the mRNA expression of T cell-associated molecules was elevated in the tumor microenvironment. The results further suggested that PT-100 dramatically reduced the ratio of tumor-associated macrophages. These findings provide a promising combination strategy for immunotherapy in lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengrong Lei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China (Y.G.); (W.D.)
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Junyan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China (Y.G.); (W.D.)
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Wenting Dai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China (Y.G.); (W.D.)
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Hanxue Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China (Y.G.); (W.D.)
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Qingqing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China (Y.G.); (W.D.)
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ertl P, Altmann E, Racine S, Decoret O. Which boronic acids are used most frequently for synthesis of bioactive molecules? Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 91:117405. [PMID: 37421711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Boronic acids are essential building blocks used for the synthesis of bioactive molecules, the generation of chemical libraries and the exploration of structure-activity relationships. As a result, more than ten thousand boronic acids are commercially available. Medicinal chemists are therefore facing a challenge; which of them should they select to maximize information obtained by the synthesis of new target molecules. The present article aims to help them to make the right choices. The boronic acids used frequently in the synthesis of bioactive molecules were identified by mining several large molecular and reaction databases and their properties were analyzed. Based on the results a diverse set of boronic acids covering well the bioactive chemical space was selected and is suggested as a basis for library design for the efficient exploration of structure-activity relationships. A Boronic Acid Navigator web tool which helps chemists to make their own selection is also made available at https://bit.ly/boronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ertl
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva Altmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Racine
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Odile Decoret
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Donzelli L, Bolgi O, Geiss-Friedlander R. The amino-dipeptidyl peptidases DPP8 and DPP9: Purification and enzymatic assays. Methods Enzymol 2023; 684:289-323. [PMID: 37230592 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Proline residues highly impact protein stability when present either in the first or second N-terminal position. While the human genome encodes for more than 500 proteases, only few proteases are capable of hydrolyzing a proline-containing peptide bond. The two intra-cellular amino-dipeptidyl peptidases DPP8 and DPP9 are exceptional as they possess the rare ability to cleave post-proline. By removing N-terminal Xaa-Pro dipeptides, DPP8 and DPP9 expose a neo N-terminus of their substates, which can consequently alter inter- or intra-molecular interactions of the modified protein. Both DPP8 and DPP9 play key roles in the immune response and are linked to cancer progression, emerging as attractive drug targets. DPP9 is more abundant than DPP8 and is rate limiting for cleavage of cytosolic proline-containing peptides. Only few DPP9 substrates have been characterized; these include Syk, a central kinase for B-cell receptor mediated signaling; Adenylate Kinase 2 (AK2) which is important for cellular energy homeostasis; and the tumor suppressor Breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein (BRCA2) that is critical for repair of DNA double strand breaks. N-terminal processing of these proteins by DPP9 triggers their rapid turn-over by the proteasome, highlighting a role for DPP9 as upstream components of the N-degron pathway. Whether N-terminal processing by DPP9 leads to substrate-degradation in all cases, or whether additional outcomes are possible, remains to be tested. In this chapter we will describe methods for purification of DPP8 and DPP9 as well as protocols for biochemical and enzymatic characterization of these proteases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Donzelli
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oguz Bolgi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Geiss-Friedlander
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun T, Jin R, Yang Y, Jia Y, Hu S, Jin Y, Wang Q, Li Z, Zhang Y, Wu J, Jiang Y, Lv X, Liu S. Direct α-C-H Alkylation of Structurally Diverse Alcohols via Combined Tavaborole and Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:7637-7642. [PMID: 36218287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a method that uses antifungal tavaborole as a co-catalyst for direct α-C-H alkylation of structurally diverse alcohols through photoredox catalysis. The protocol features mild conditions, remarkable scope, and wide functional group tolerance, which allows for the construction of a wide array of highly functionalized alcohols, including homoserine derivatives and C-glycosyl amino acids. We also demonstrate the synthetic applications of this methodology to the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals and natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Sun
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyi Jin
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Jia
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxu Hu
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqi Jin
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Wang
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Li
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiming Wu
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Lv
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihui Liu
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu M, Ouyang Y, Wang L, Zhang S, Li P. Enantioselective synthesis of cyclic α-aminoboronates via copper-catalyzed dearomative borylation of 4-quinolinols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3677-3680. [PMID: 35225322 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00027j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective and regioselective dearomative borylation of 4-quinolinols was developed using a Cu(I)/(R,R)-Ph-BPE catalyst for efficient synthesis of unprecedented heterocyclic α-amino boronates, a new class of compounds potentially relevant to drug discovery, in generally excellent yields and enantioselectivities. The products were also useful intermediates for highly functionalized tetrahydroquinolines and cyclic α-aminoboronate derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Yizhao Ouyang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Linghua Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi'an 710054, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kanti Das K, Kumar P, Ghorai D, Mondal B, Panda S. Organoboron Compounds Towards Asymmetric Pericyclic Reaction; Exploitation to Bioactive Molecule Synthesis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanak Kanti Das
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Debraj Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Buddhadeb Mondal
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Santanu Panda
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302 India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tan Y, Wu J, Song L, Zhang M, Hipolito CJ, Wu C, Wang S, Zhang Y, Yin Y. Merging the Versatile Functionalities of Boronic Acid with Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312958. [PMID: 34884766 PMCID: PMC8657650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides inherently feature the favorable properties of being easily synthesized, water-soluble, biocompatible, and typically non-toxic. Thus, boronic acid has been widely integrated with peptides with the goal of discovering peptide ligands with novel biological activities, and this effort has led to broad applications. Taking the integration between boronic acid and peptide as a starting point, we provide an overview of the latest research advances and highlight the versatile and robust functionalities of boronic acid. In this review, we summarize the diverse applications of peptide boronic acids in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology, including the identification of covalent reversible enzyme inhibitors, recognition, and detection of glycans on proteins or cancer cell surface, delivery of siRNAs, development of pH responsive devices, and recognition of RNA or bacterial surfaces. Additionally, we discuss boronic acid-mediated peptide cyclization and peptide modifications, as well as the facile chemical synthesis of peptide boronic acids, which paved the way for developing a growing number of peptide boronic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Y.T.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (M.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Junjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Y.T.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (M.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lulu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Y.T.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (M.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Y.T.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (M.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Christopher John Hipolito
- Screening & Compound Profiling, Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA;
| | - Changsheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Y.T.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (M.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Youming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Y.T.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (M.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yizhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Y.T.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (M.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (Y.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Imlimthan S, Moon ES, Rathke H, Afshar-Oromieh A, Rösch F, Rominger A, Gourni E. New Frontiers in Cancer Imaging and Therapy Based on Radiolabeled Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitors: A Rational Review and Current Progress. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1023. [PMID: 34681246 PMCID: PMC8540221 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has become a new paradigm of cancer diagnosis and therapy due to its unique biological features, mainly the interconnection between cancer and stromal cells. Within the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) demonstrate as one of the most critical stromal cells that regulate tumor cell growth, progression, immunosuppression, and metastasis. CAFs are identified by various biomarkers that are expressed on their surfaces, such as fibroblast activation protein (FAP), which could be utilized as a useful target for diagnostic imaging and treatment. One of the advantages of targeting FAP-expressing CAFs is the absence of FAP expression in quiescent fibroblasts, leading to a controlled targetability of diagnostic and therapeutic compounds to the malignant tumor stromal area using radiolabeled FAP-based ligands. FAP-based radiopharmaceuticals have been investigated strenuously for the visualization of malignancies and delivery of theranostic radiopharmaceuticals to the TME. This review provides an overview of the state of the art in TME compositions, particularly CAFs and FAP, and their roles in cancer biology. Moreover, relevant reports on radiolabeled FAP inhibitors until the year 2021 are highlighted-as well as the current limitations, challenges, and requirements for those radiolabeled FAP inhibitors in clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surachet Imlimthan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (S.I.); (H.R.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| | - Euy Sung Moon
- Department of Chemistry—TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg—University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (E.S.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Hendrik Rathke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (S.I.); (H.R.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| | - Ali Afshar-Oromieh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (S.I.); (H.R.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| | - Frank Rösch
- Department of Chemistry—TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg—University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (E.S.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (S.I.); (H.R.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| | - Eleni Gourni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (S.I.); (H.R.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yazbeck R, Jaenisch SE, Abbott CA. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors: Applications in innate immunity? Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114517. [PMID: 33722535 PMCID: PMC7954778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors are a class of orally available, small molecule inhibitors that prolong the insulinotropic activity of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and are highly effective for the treatment of Type-2 diabetes. DPP4 can also cleave several immunoregulatory peptides including chemokines. Emerging evidence continues to implicate DPP4 inhibitors as immunomodulators, with recent findings suggesting DPP4 inhibitors modify specific aspects of innate immunity. This review summarises recent insights into how DPP4 inhibitors could be implicated in endothelial, neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage mediated immunity. Additionally, this review highlights additional avenues of research with DPP4 inhibitors in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Yazbeck
- College of Medicine and Public Health & Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - S E Jaenisch
- College of Medicine and Public Health & Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - C A Abbott
- College of Medicine and Public Health & Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim HR, Tagirasa R, Yoo E. Covalent Small Molecule Immunomodulators Targeting the Protease Active Site. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5291-5322. [PMID: 33904753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cells of the immune system utilize multiple proteases to regulate cell functions and orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses. Dysregulated protease activities are implicated in many immune-related disorders; thus, protease inhibitors have been actively investigated for pharmaceutical development. Although historically considered challenging with concerns about toxicity, compounds that covalently modify the protease active site represent an important class of agents, emerging not only as chemical probes but also as approved drugs. Here, we provide an overview of technologies useful for the study of proteases with the focus on recent advances in chemoproteomic methods and screening platforms. By highlighting covalent inhibitors that have been designed to target immunomodulatory proteases, we identify opportunities for the development of small molecule immunomodulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Rae Kim
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Ravichandra Tagirasa
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Euna Yoo
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lin H, Song Z, Bianco A. How macrophages respond to two-dimensional materials: a critical overview focusing on toxicity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:333-356. [PMID: 33760696 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1885262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With wider use of graphene-based materials and other two-dimensional (2 D) materials in various fields, including electronics, composites, biomedicine, etc., 2 D materials can trigger undesired effects at cellular, tissue and organ level. Macrophages can be found in many organs. They are one of the most important cells in the immune system and they are relevant in the study of nanomaterials as they phagocytose them. Nanomaterials have multi-faceted effects on phagocytic immune cells like macrophages, showing signs of inflammation in the form of pro-inflammatory cytokine or reactive oxidation species production, or upregulation of activation markers due to the presence of these foreign bodies. This review is catered to researchers interested in the potential impact and toxicity of 2 D materials, particularly in macrophages, focusing on few-layer graphene, graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, as well as other promising 2 D materials containing molybdenum, manganese, boron, phosphorus and tungsten. We describe applications relevant to the growing area of 2 D materials research, and the possible risks of ions and molecules used in the production of these promising 2 D materials, or those produced by the degradation and dissolution of 2 D materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Lin
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Zhengmei Song
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moon ES, Elvas F, Vliegen G, De Lombaerde S, Vangestel C, De Bruycker S, Bracke A, Eppard E, Greifenstein L, Klasen B, Kramer V, Staelens S, De Meester I, Van der Veken P, Rösch F. Targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP): next generation PET radiotracers using squaramide coupled bifunctional DOTA and DATA 5m chelators. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2020; 5:19. [PMID: 32728930 PMCID: PMC7391456 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-020-00102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a proline selective serine protease that is overexpressed in tumor stroma and in lesions of many other diseases that are characterized by tissue remodeling. In 2014, a most potent FAP-inhibitor (referred to as UAMC1110) with low nanomolar FAP-affinity and high selectivity toward related enzymes such as prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) and the dipeptidyl-peptidases (DPPs): DPP4, DPP8/9 and DPP2 were developed. This inhibitor has been adopted recently by other groups to create radiopharmaceuticals by coupling bifunctional chelator-linker systems. Here, we report squaric acid (SA) containing bifunctional DATA5m and DOTA chelators based on UAMC1110 as pharmacophor. The novel radiopharmaceuticals DOTA.SA.FAPi and DATA5m.SA.FAPi with their non-radioactive derivatives were characterized for in vitro inhibitory efficiency to FAP and PREP, respectively and radiochemical investigated with gallium-68. Further, first proof-of-concept in vivo animal study followed by ex vivo biodistribution were determined with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi. Results [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi and [68Ga]Ga-DATA5m.SA.FAPi showed high complexation > 97% radiochemical yields after already 10 min and high stability over a period of 2 h. Affinity to FAP of DOTA.SA.FAPi and DATA5m.SA.FAPi and its natGa and natLu-labeled derivatives were excellent resulting in low nanomolar IC50 values of 0.7–1.4 nM. Additionally, all five compounds showed low affinity for the related protease PREP (high IC50 with 1.7–8.7 μM). First proof-of-principle in vivo PET-imaging animal studies of the [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi precursor in a HT-29 human colorectal cancer xenograft mouse model indicated promising results with high accumulation in tumor (SUVmean of 0.75) and low background signal. Ex vivo biodistribution showed highest uptake in tumor (5.2%ID/g) at 60 min post injection with overall low uptake in healthy tissues. Conclusion In this work, novel PET radiotracers targeting fibroblast activation protein were synthesized and biochemically investigated. Critical substructures of the novel compounds are a squaramide linker unit derived from the basic motif of squaric acid, DOTA and DATA5m bifunctional chelators and a FAP-targeting moiety. In conclusion, these new FAP-ligands appear promising, both for further research and development as well as for first human application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Euy Sung Moon
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Filipe Elvas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Gwendolyn Vliegen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Stef De Lombaerde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Christel Vangestel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sven De Bruycker
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - An Bracke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Lukas Greifenstein
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benedikt Klasen
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vasko Kramer
- Positronpharma SA, 7500921 Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van der Veken
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Frank Rösch
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Design and discovery of boronic acid drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 195:112270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
14
|
Wei T, Wang F, Zhang Z, Qiang J, Lv J, Chen T, Li J, Chen X. Recent Progress in the Development of Fluorometric Chemosensors to Detect Enzymatic Activity. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3923-3957. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180214105552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are a class of macromolecules that function as highly efficient and specific
biological catalysts requiring only mild reaction conditions. Enzymes are essential to
maintaining life activities, including promoting metabolism and homeostasis, and participating
in a variety of physiological functions. Accordingly, enzymatic levels and activity are
closely related to the health of the organism, where enzymatic dysfunctions often lead to corresponding
diseases in the host. Due to this, diagnosis of certain diseases is based on the levels
and activity of certain enzymes. Therefore, rapid real-time and accurate detection of enzymes
in situ are important for diagnosis, monitoring, clinical treatment and pathological
studies of disease. Fluorescent probes have unique advantages in terms of detecting enzymes,
including being simple to use in highly sensitive and selective real-time rapid in-situ noninvasive
and highly spatial resolution visual imaging. However, fluorescent probes are most
commonly used to detect oxidoreductases, transferases and hydrolases due to the processes
and types of enzyme reactions. This paper summarizes the application of fluorescent probes to
detect these three types of enzymes over the past five years. In addition, we introduce the
mechanisms underlying detection of these enzymes by their corresponding probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingwen Wei
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiang Qiang
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Lv
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lindner T, Loktev A, Giesel F, Kratochwil C, Altmann A, Haberkorn U. Targeting of activated fibroblasts for imaging and therapy. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2019; 4:16. [PMID: 31659499 PMCID: PMC6658625 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-019-0069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors form a complex environment consisting of a variety of non-malignant cells. Especially cancer-associated fibroblasts have been shown to have an important role for different aspects of malignant tumors such as migration, metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy and immunosuppression. Therefore, a targeting of these cells may be useful for both imaging and therapy. In this respect, an interesting target is the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) which is expressed in activated fibroblasts, but not in quiescent fibroblasts, giving the opportunity to use this membrane-anchored enzyme as a target for radionuclide-based approaches for diagnosis and treatment of tumors and for the diagnosis of non-malignant disease associated with a remodelling of the extracellular matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Loktev
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Giesel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Kratochwil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annette Altmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
de Vasconcelos NM, Vliegen G, Gonçalves A, De Hert E, Martín-Pérez R, Van Opdenbosch N, Jallapally A, Geiss-Friedlander R, Lambeir AM, Augustyns K, Van Der Veken P, De Meester I, Lamkanfi M. DPP8/DPP9 inhibition elicits canonical Nlrp1b inflammasome hallmarks in murine macrophages. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/1/e201900313. [PMID: 30718379 PMCID: PMC6362307 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating germline mutations in the human inflammasome sensor NLRP1 causes palmoplantar dyskeratosis and susceptibility to Mendelian autoinflammatory diseases. Recent studies have shown that the cytosolic serine dipeptidyl peptidases DPP8 and DPP9 suppress inflammasome activation upstream of NLRP1 and CARD8 in human keratinocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of DPP8/DPP9 protease activity was shown to induce pyroptosis in murine C57BL/6 macrophages without eliciting other inflammasome hallmark responses. Here, we show that DPP8/DPP9 inhibition in macrophages that express a Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin (LeTx)-sensitive Nlrp1b allele triggered significantly accelerated pyroptosis concomitant with caspase-1 maturation, ASC speck assembly, and secretion of mature IL-1β and IL-18. Genetic ablation of ASC prevented DPP8/DPP9 inhibition-induced caspase-1 maturation and partially hampered pyroptosis and inflammasome-dependent cytokine release, whereas deletion of caspase-1 or gasdermin D triggered apoptosis in the absence of IL-1β and IL-18 secretion. In conclusion, blockade of DPP8/DPP9 protease activity triggers rapid pyroptosis and canonical inflammasome hallmarks in primary macrophages that express a LeTx-responsive Nlrp1b allele.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia M de Vasconcelos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB-UGhent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gwendolyn Vliegen
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Amanda Gonçalves
- VIB-UGhent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Bioimaging Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emilie De Hert
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rosa Martín-Pérez
- Janssen Immunosciences, World Without Disease Accelerator, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Nina Van Opdenbosch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB-UGhent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Janssen Immunosciences, World Without Disease Accelerator, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Anvesh Jallapally
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Anne-Marie Lambeir
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Der Veken
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium .,VIB-UGhent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Janssen Immunosciences, World Without Disease Accelerator, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Panaro BL, Coppage AL, Beaudry JL, Varin EM, Kaur K, Lai JH, Wu W, Liu Y, Bachovchin WW, Drucker DJ. Fibroblast activation protein is dispensable for control of glucose homeostasis and body weight in mice. Mol Metab 2018; 19:65-74. [PMID: 30477988 PMCID: PMC6323180 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP), an enzyme structurally related to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), has garnered interest as a potential metabolic drug target due to its ability to cleave and inactivate FGF-21 as well as other peptide substrates. Here we investigated the metabolic importance of FAP for control of body weight and glucose homeostasis in regular chow-fed and high fat diet-fed mice. Methods FAP enzyme activity was transiently attenuated using a highly-specific inhibitor CPD60 and permanently ablated by genetic inactivation of the mouse Fap gene. We also assessed the FAP-dependence of CPD60 and talabostat (Val-boroPro), a chemical inhibitor reportedly targeting both FAP and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 Results CPD60 robustly inhibited plasma FAP activity with no effect on DPP-4 activity. Fap gene disruption was confirmed by assessment of genomic DNA, and loss of FAP enzyme activity in plasma and tissues. CPD60 did not improve lipid tolerance but modestly improved acute oral and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance in a FAP-dependent manner. Genetic inactivation of Fap did not improve glucose or lipid tolerance nor confer resistance to weight gain in male or female Fap−/− mice fed regular chow or high-fat diets. Moreover, talabostat markedly improved glucose homeostasis in a FAP- and FGF-21-independent, DPP-4 dependent manner. Conclusion Although pharmacological FAP inhibition improves glucose tolerance, the absence of a metabolic phenotype in Fap−/−mice suggest that endogenous FAP is dispensable for the regulation of murine glucose homeostasis and body weight. These findings highlight the importance of characterizing the specificity and actions of FAP inhibitors in different species and raise important questions about the feasibility of mouse models for targeting FAP as a treatment for diabetes and related metabolic disorders. Acute inhibition of FAP enzyme activity improves glucose tolerance in mice. Fap knockout mice exhibit normal glucose and lipid tolerance. Fap knockout mice do not resist obesity after high fat feeding. Talabostat robustly lowers glucose in a FAP and FGF21-independent manner. Talabostat, but not CPD60, requires DPP4 to exert its full metabolic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Panaro
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Andrew L Coppage
- Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Jacqueline L Beaudry
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Elodie M Varin
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jack H Lai
- Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Wengen Wu
- Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - William W Bachovchin
- Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen M, Lei X, Shi C, Huang M, Li X, Wu B, Li Z, Han W, Du B, Hu J, Nie Q, Mai W, Ma N, Xu N, Zhang X, Fan C, Hong A, Xia M, Luo L, Ma A, Li H, Yu Q, Chen H, Zhang D, Ye W. Pericyte-targeting prodrug overcomes tumor resistance to vascular disrupting agents. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3689-3701. [PMID: 28846068 DOI: 10.1172/jci94258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels in the tumor periphery have high pericyte coverage and are resistant to vascular disrupting agents (VDAs). VDA treatment resistance leads to a viable peripheral tumor rim that contributes to treatment failure and disease recurrence. Here, we provide evidence to support a hypothesis that shifting the target of VDAs from tumor vessel endothelial cells to pericytes disrupts tumor peripheral vessels and the viable rim, circumventing VDA treatment resistance. Through chemical engineering, we developed Z-GP-DAVLBH (from the tubulin-binding VDA desacetylvinblastine monohydrazide [DAVLBH]) as a prodrug that can be selectively activated by fibroblast activation protein α (FAPα) in tumor pericytes. Z-GP-DAVLBH selectively destroys the cytoskeleton of FAPα-expressing tumor pericytes, disrupting blood vessels both within the core and around the periphery of tumors. As a result, Z-GP-DAVLBH treatment eradicated the otherwise VDA-resistant tumor rim and led to complete regression of tumors in multiple lines of xenografts without producing the drug-related toxicity that is associated with similar doses of DAVLBH. This study demonstrates that targeting tumor pericytes with an FAPα-activated VDA prodrug represents a potential vascular disruption strategy in overcoming tumor resistance to VDA treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minfeng Chen
- College of Pharmacy, and.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueping Lei
- College of Pharmacy, and.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changzheng Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maohua Huang
- College of Pharmacy, and.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- College of Pharmacy, and.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- College of Pharmacy, and.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengqiu Li
- College of Pharmacy, and.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weili Han
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Du
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyang Hu
- College of Pharmacy, and.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiulin Nie
- College of Pharmacy, and.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqian Mai
- College of Pharmacy, and.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Ma
- College of Pharmacy, and.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nanhui Xu
- College of Pharmacy, and.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, and.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlin Fan
- College of Pharmacy, and.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Hong
- Analytical and Testing Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghan Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangping Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ande Ma
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heru Chen
- College of Pharmacy, and.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, and.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wencai Ye
- College of Pharmacy, and.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu X, Tan YJ, Toh HT, Nguyen LH, Kho SH, Chew SY, Yoon HS, Liu XW. Stimuli-responsive multifunctional glyconanoparticle platforms for targeted drug delivery and cancer cell imaging. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3980-3988. [PMID: 28553540 PMCID: PMC5433505 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc05251g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted bioimaging or chemotherapeutic drug delivery to achieve the desired therapeutic effects while minimizing side effects has attracted considerable research attention and remains a clinical challenge. Presented herein is a multi-component delivery system based on carbohydrate-functionalized gold nanoparticles conjugated with a fluorophore or prodrug. The system leverages active targeting based on carbohydrate-lectin interactions and release of the payload by biological thiols. Cell-type specific delivery of the activatable fluorophore was examined by confocal imaging on HepG2 cells, and displays distinct selectivity towards HepG2 cells over HeLa and NIH3T3 cells. The system was further developed into a drug delivery vehicle with camptothecin (CPT) as a model drug. It was demonstrated that the complex exhibits similar cytotoxicity to that of free CPT towards HepG2 cells, and is significantly less cytotoxic to normal HDF and NIH3T3 cells, indicating excellent specificity. The delivery vehicle itself exhibits excellent biocompatibility and offers an attractive strategy for cell-type specific delivery depending on the carbohydrates conjugated in the system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xumeng Wu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore .
| | - Yu Jia Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore .
| | - Hui Ting Toh
- Division of Structural Biology & Biochemistry , School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Lan Huong Nguyen
- School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637459 , Singapore
| | - Shu Hui Kho
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore .
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637459 , Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 308232 , Singapore
| | - Ho Sup Yoon
- Division of Structural Biology & Biochemistry , School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
- Department of Genetic Engineering , College of Life Sciences , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do 446-701 , Republic of Korea
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore .
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Justa-Schuch D, Silva-Garcia M, Pilla E, Engelke M, Kilisch M, Lenz C, Möller U, Nakamura F, Urlaub H, Geiss-Friedlander R. DPP9 is a novel component of the N-end rule pathway targeting the tyrosine kinase Syk. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27614019 PMCID: PMC5039030 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aminopeptidase DPP9 removes dipeptides from N-termini of substrates having a proline or alanine in second position. Although linked to several pathways including cell survival and metabolism, the molecular mechanisms underlying these outcomes are poorly understood. We identified a novel interaction of DPP9 with Filamin A, which recruits DPP9 to Syk, a central kinase in B-cell signalling. Syk signalling can be terminated by degradation, requiring the ubiquitin E3 ligase Cbl. We show that DPP9 cleaves Syk to produce a neo N-terminus with serine in position 1. Pulse-chases combined with mutagenesis studies reveal that Ser1 strongly influences Syk stability. Furthermore, DPP9 silencing reduces Cbl interaction with Syk, suggesting that DPP9 processing is a prerequisite for Syk ubiquitination. Consistently, DPP9 inhibition stabilizes Syk, thereby modulating Syk signalling. Taken together, we demonstrate DPP9 as a negative regulator of Syk and conclude that DPP9 is a novel integral aminopeptidase of the N-end rule pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Justa-Schuch
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Maria Silva-Garcia
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Esther Pilla
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael Engelke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Markus Kilisch
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Department of Bioanalytics, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Möller
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Fumihiko Nakamura
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Department of Bioanalytics, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ruth Geiss-Friedlander
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jackson KW, Christiansen VJ, Yadav VR, Silasi-Mansat R, Lupu F, Awasthi V, Zhang RR, McKee PA. Suppression of tumor growth in mice by rationally designed pseudopeptide inhibitors of fibroblast activation protein and prolyl oligopeptidase. Neoplasia 2015; 17:43-54. [PMID: 25622898 PMCID: PMC4309729 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments (TMEs) are composed of cancer cells, fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, microvessels, and endothelial cells. Two prolyl endopeptidases, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and prolyl oligopeptidase (POP), are commonly overexpressed by epithelial-derived malignancies, with the specificity of FAP expression by cancer stromal fibroblasts suggesting FAP as a possible therapeutic target. Despite overexpression in most cancers and having a role in angiogenesis, inhibition of POP activity has received little attention as an approach to quench tumor growth. We developed two specific and highly effective pseudopeptide inhibitors, M83, which inhibits FAP and POP proteinase activities, and J94, which inhibits only POP. Both suppressed human colon cancer xenograft growth > 90% in mice. By immunohistochemical stains, M83- and J94-treated tumors had fewer microvessels, and apoptotic areas were apparent in both. In response to M83, but not J94, disordered collagen accumulations were observed. Neither M83- nor J94-treated mice manifested changes in behavior, weight, or gastrointestinal function. Tumor growth suppression was more extensive than noted with recently reported efforts by others to inhibit FAP proteinase function or reduce FAP expression. Diminished angiogenesis and the accompanying profound reduction in tumor growth suggest that inhibition of either FAP or POP may offer new therapeutic approaches that directly target TMEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W Jackson
- William K. Warren Medical Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Victoria J Christiansen
- William K. Warren Medical Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Vivek R Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Robert Silasi-Mansat
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Florea Lupu
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Vibhudutta Awasthi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Roy R Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Patrick A McKee
- William K. Warren Medical Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Han R, Wang X, Bachovchin W, Zukowska Z, Osborn JW. Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 8/9 impairs preadipocyte differentiation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12348. [PMID: 26242871 PMCID: PMC4525143 DOI: 10.1038/srep12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are the primary cells in adipose tissue, and adipocyte dysfunction causes lipodystrophy, obesity and diabetes. The dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 4 family includes four enzymes, DPP4, DPP8, DPP9 and fibroblast activation protein (FAP). DPP4 family inhibitors have been used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes patients, but their role in adipocyte formation are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the DPP8/9 selective inhibitor 1G244 blocks adipogenesis in preadipocyte 3T3-L1 and 3T3-F422A, while DPP4 and FAP inhibitors have no effect. In addition, knockdown of DPP8 or DPP9 significantly impairs adipocyte differentiation in preadipocytes. We further uncovered that blocking the expression or activities of DPP8 and DPP9 attenuates PPARγ2 induction during preadipocyte differentiation. Addition of PPARγ agonist thiazolidinediones (TZDs), or ectopic expression of PPARγ2, is able to rescue the adipogenic defect caused by DPP8/9 inhibition in preadipocytes. These results indicate the importance of DPP8 and DPP9 on adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Han
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xinying Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - William Bachovchin
- Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zofia Zukowska
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John W Osborn
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Romagnoli C, Caselli E, Prati F. Synthesis of 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl-methaneboronic acids via click chemistry: an easy access to a new potential scaffold for protease inhibitors. European J Org Chem 2015; 2015:1075-1083. [PMID: 26257579 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective synthesis of previously unreported 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl-methaneboronic acids has been achieved from azidomethaneboronates by Copper-catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC). The proximity of the cycloaddition reaction center to the boronic group is not detrimental for the stability of the sp3-carbon-boron bond nor to the stereoisomeric composition, further expanding the field of application of click chemistry to new boronate substrates and offering a new potential scaffold for protease inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio-Emilia, Via Campi 183, 41125 Modena (MO)
| | - Emilia Caselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio-Emilia, Via Campi 183, 41125 Modena (MO)
| | - Fabio Prati
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio-Emilia, Via Campi 183, 41125 Modena (MO)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bachovchin DA, Koblan LW, Wu W, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhao P, Woznica I, Shu Y, Lai JH, Poplawski SE, Kiritsy CP, Healey SE, DiMare M, Sanford DG, Munford RS, Bachovchin WW, Golub TR. A high-throughput, multiplexed assay for superfamily-wide profiling of enzyme activity. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:656-63. [PMID: 24997602 PMCID: PMC5953424 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The selectivity of an enzyme inhibitor is a key determinant of its usefulness as a tool compound or its safety as a drug. Yet selectivity is never assessed comprehensively in the early stages of the drug discovery process, and only rarely in the later stages, because technical limitations prohibit doing otherwise. Here, we report EnPlex, an efficient, high-throughput method for simultaneously assessing inhibitor potency and specificity, and pilot its application to 96 serine hydrolases. EnPlex analysis of widely used serine hydrolase inhibitors revealed numerous previously unrecognized off-target interactions, some of which may help to explain previously confounding adverse effects. In addition, EnPlex screening of a hydrolase-directed library of boronic acid- and nitrile-containing compounds provided structure-activity relationships in both potency and selectivity dimensions from which lead candidates could be more effectively prioritized. Follow-up of a series of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors showed that EnPlex indeed predicted efficacy and safety in animal models. These results demonstrate the feasibility and value of high-throughput, superfamily-wide selectivity profiling and suggest that such profiling can be incorporated into the earliest stages of drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke W. Koblan
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Wengen Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Youhua Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Iwona Woznica
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Ying Shu
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jack H. Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Sarah E. Poplawski
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | | | - Sarah E. Healey
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Matthew DiMare
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - David G. Sanford
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Robert S. Munford
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William W. Bachovchin
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Arisaph Pharmaceuticals, 100 High Street, Boston, MA 02110, USA
| | - Todd R. Golub
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
A pan-inhibitor of DASH family enzymes induces immune-mediated regression of murine sarcoma and is a potent adjuvant to dendritic cell vaccination and adoptive T-cell therapy. J Immunother 2014; 36:400-11. [PMID: 23994886 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0b013e3182a80213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multimodality therapy consisting of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation will fail in approximately 40% of patients with pediatric sarcomas and result in substantial long-term morbidity in those who are cured. Immunotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of solid tumors typically generate antigen-specific responses too weak to overcome considerable tumor burden and tumor suppressive mechanisms and are in need of adjuvant assistance. Previous work suggests that inhibitors of DASH (dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity and/or structural homologs) enzymes can mediate tumor regression by immune-mediated mechanisms. Herein, we demonstrate that the DASH inhibitor, ARI-4175, can induce regression and eradication of well-established solid tumors, both as a single agent and as an adjuvant to a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine and adoptive cell therapy (ACT) in mice implanted with the M3-9-M rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. Treatment with effective doses of ARI-4175 correlated with recruitment of myeloid (CD11b) cells, particularly myeloid DCs, to secondary lymphoid tissues and with reduced frequency of intratumoral monocytic (CD11bLy6-CLy6-G) myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In immunocompetent mice, combining ARI-4175 with a DC vaccine or ACT with tumor-primed T cells produced significant improvements in tumor responses against well-established M3-9-M tumors. In M3-9-M-bearing immunodeficient (Rag1) mice, ACT combined with ARI-4175 produced greater tumor responses and significantly improved survival compared with either treatment alone. These studies warrant the clinical investigation of ARI-4175 for treatment of sarcomas and other malignancies, particularly as an adjuvant to tumor vaccines and ACT.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ji X, Su M, Wang J, Deng G, Deng S, Li Z, Tang C, Li J, Li J, Zhao L, Jiang H, Liu H. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of hetero-aromatic moieties substituted pyrrole-2-carbonitrile derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 75:111-22. [PMID: 24531224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel hetero-aromatic moieties substituted α-amino pyrrole-2-carbonitrile derivatives was designed and synthesized based on structure-activity relationships (SARs) of pyrrole-2-carbonitrile inhibitors. All compounds demonstrated good dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitory activities (IC50 = 0.004-113.6 μM). Moreover, compounds 6h (IC50 = 0.004 μM) and 6n (IC50 = 0.01 μM) showed excellent inhibitory activities against DPP4, good selectivity (compound 6h, selective ratio: DPP8/DPP4 = 450.0; DPP9/DPP4 = 375.0; compound 6n, selective ratio: DPP8/DPP4 = 470.0; DPP9/DPP4 = 750.0) and good efficacy in an oral glucose tolerance test in ICR mice. Furthermore, compounds 6h and 6n demonstrated moderate PK properties (compound 6h, F% = 37.8%, t1/2 = 1.45 h; compound 6n, F% = 16.8%, t1/2 = 3.64 h).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wen Hua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Mingbo Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China; East China of Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Jiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Guanghui Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Sisi Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Zeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Chunlan Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jingya Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Linxiang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wen Hua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wen Hua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Hong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen J, Chen LY, Zheng Y, Sun Z. Asymmetric synthesis of stable α-aminoboronic esters catalyzed by N-heterocylic carbene and copper(i) chloride. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02229g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
28
|
Whyte GF, Vilar R, Woscholski R. Molecular recognition with boronic acids-applications in chemical biology. J Chem Biol 2013; 6:161-74. [PMID: 24432132 PMCID: PMC3787204 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-013-0099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecules have long been used for the selective recognition of a wide range of analytes. The ability of these chemical receptors to recognise and bind to specific targets mimics certain biological processes (such as protein-substrate interactions) and has therefore attracted recent interest. Due to the abundance of biological molecules possessing polyhydroxy motifs, boronic acids-which form five-membered boronate esters with diols-have become increasingly popular in the synthesis of small chemical receptors. Their targets include biological materials and natural products including phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate, saccharides and polysaccharides, nucleic acids, metal ions and the neurotransmitter dopamine. This review will focus on the many ways in which small chemical receptors based on boronic acids have been used as biochemical tools for various purposes, including sensing and detection of analytes, interference in signalling pathways, enzyme inhibition and cell delivery systems. The most recent developments in each area will be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian F. Whyte
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ramon Vilar
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rudiger Woscholski
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Touchet S, Macé A, Roisnel T, Carreaux F, Bouillon A, Carboni B. [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Boronated Allylcyanates: A New Route to α-Aminoboronate Derivatives and Trisubstituted Tetrahydrofurans. Org Lett 2013; 15:2712-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401016x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Touchet
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and BoroChem SAS, 7 rue Alfred Kastler, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Aurélie Macé
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and BoroChem SAS, 7 rue Alfred Kastler, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and BoroChem SAS, 7 rue Alfred Kastler, 14000 Caen, France
| | - François Carreaux
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and BoroChem SAS, 7 rue Alfred Kastler, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Alexandre Bouillon
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and BoroChem SAS, 7 rue Alfred Kastler, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Bertrand Carboni
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and BoroChem SAS, 7 rue Alfred Kastler, 14000 Caen, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Poplawski SE, Lai JH, Li Y, Jin Z, Liu Y, Wu W, Wu Y, Zhou Y, Sudmeier JL, Sanford DG, Bachovchin WW. Identification of selective and potent inhibitors of fibroblast activation protein and prolyl oligopeptidase. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3467-77. [PMID: 23594271 DOI: 10.1021/jm400351a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a serine protease selectively expressed on reactive stromal fibroblasts of epithelial carcinomas. It is widely believed to play a role in tumor invasion and metastasis and therefore to represent a potential new drug target for cancer. Investigation into its biological function, however, has been hampered by the current unavailability of selective inhibitors. The challenge has been in identifying inhibitors that are selective for FAP over both the dipeptidyl peptidases (DPPs), with which it shares exopeptidase specificity, and prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP), with which it shares endopeptidase specificity. Here, we report the first potent FAP inhibitor with selectivity over both the DPPs and PREP, N-(pyridine-4-carbonyl)-d-Ala-boroPro (ARI-3099, 6). We also report a similarly potent and selective PREP inhibitor, N-(pyridine-3-carbonyl)-Val-boroPro (ARI-3531, 22). Both are boronic acid based inhibitors, demonstrating that high selectivity can be achieved using this electrophile. The inhibitors are stable, easy to synthesize, and should prove to be useful in helping to elucidate the biological functions of these two unique and interesting enzymes, as well as their potential as drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Poplawski
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wen K, Wang H, Chen J, Zhang H, Cui X, Wei C, Fan E, Sun Z. Improving Carbene–Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Aminoboronic Esters Using Benzimidazole-Based Precursors. J Org Chem 2013; 78:3405-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wen
- College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai,
China
| | - Han Wang
- College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai,
China
| | - Jinbo Chen
- College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai,
China
| | - He Zhang
- College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai,
China
| | - Xiaodan Cui
- College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai,
China
| | - Chao Wei
- College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai,
China
| | - Erkang Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195,
United States
| | - Zhihua Sun
- College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai,
China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nitta A, Fujii H, Sakami S, Satoh M, Nakaki J, Satoh S, Kumagai H, Kawai H. Novel series of 3-amino-N-(4-aryl-1,1-dioxothian-4-yl)butanamides as potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7036-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
33
|
Pilla E, Möller U, Sauer G, Mattiroli F, Melchior F, Geiss-Friedlander R. A novel SUMO1-specific interacting motif in dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) that is important for enzymatic regulation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:44320-9. [PMID: 23152501 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.397224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sumoylation affects many cellular processes by regulating the interactions of modified targets with downstream effectors. Here we identified the cytosolic dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) as a SUMO1 interacting protein. Surprisingly, DPP9 binds to SUMO1 independent of the well known SUMO interacting motif, but instead interacts with a loop involving Glu(67) of SUMO1. Intriguingly, DPP9 selectively associates with SUMO1 and not SUMO2, due to a more positive charge in the SUMO1-loop. We mapped the SUMO-binding site of DPP9 to an extended arm structure, predicted to directly flank the substrate entry site. Importantly, whereas mutants in the SUMO1-binding arm are less active compared with wild-type DPP9, SUMO1 stimulates DPP9 activity. Consistent with this, silencing of SUMO1 leads to a reduced cytosolic prolyl-peptidase activity. Taken together, these results suggest that SUMO1, or more likely, a sumoylated protein, acts as an allosteric regulator of DPP9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Pilla
- Department of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wu W, Liu Y, Milo LJ, Shu Y, Zhao P, Li Y, Woznica I, Yu G, Sanford DG, Zhou Y, Poplawski SE, Connolly BA, Sudmeier JL, Bachovchin WW, Lai JH. 4-Substituted boro-proline dipeptides: synthesis, characterization, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV, 8, and 9 activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5536-40. [PMID: 22853995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The boroProline-based dipeptidyl boronic acids were among the first DPP-IV inhibitors identified, and remain the most potent known. We introduced various substitutions at the 4-position of the boroProline ring regioselectively and stereoselectively, and incorporated these aminoboronic acids into a series of 4-substituted boroPro-based dipeptides. Among these dipeptidyl boronic acids, Arg-(4S)-boroHyp (4q) was the most potent inhibitor of DPP-IV, DPP8 and DPP9, while (4S)-Hyp-(4R)-boroHyp (4o) exhibited the most selectivity for DPP-IV over DPP8 and DPP9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wengen Wu
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen F, Zhang Z, Cai M, Zhang X, Zhong Z, Zhuo R. Phenylboronic-acid-modified amphiphilic polyether as a neutral gene vector. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:962-9. [PMID: 22517671 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A phenylboronic-acid-modified amphiphilic block polyether is prepared via reaction of polyglycidol-block-poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polyglycidol (Pluronic-PG) with 2-(N,N-dimethylaminomethyl)-5-aminomethyl phenylboronic acid using phosgene as a coupling reagent. The boronic-acid-modified non-cationic polymer binds plasmid pGL3 effectively, forms sub-µm polymer/DNA complex particles, and greatly facilitates the cell uptake of the plasmid. The efficiency of the polymer as a gene vector is evaluated in vitro by transfection of pGL3 to HeLa, COS-7 and HepG2 cells. Pluronic-PG-BA enhances the transfection efficiency by 100 to 1000 times compared with Pluronic-PG. The presence of serum does not significantly affect the transfection efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
O'Connell DP, LeBlanc DF, Cromley D, Billheimer J, Rader DJ, Bachovchin WW. Design and synthesis of boronic acid inhibitors of endothelial lipase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 22:1397-401. [PMID: 22225633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial lipase (EL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) are homologous lipases that act on plasma lipoproteins. EL is predominantly a phospholipase and appears to be a key regulator of plasma HDL-C. LPL is mainly a triglyceride lipase regulating (V)LDL levels. The existing biological data indicate that inhibitors selective for EL over LPL should have anti-atherogenic activity, mainly through increasing plasma HDL-C levels. We report here the synthesis of alkyl, aryl, or acyl-substituted phenylboronic acids that inhibit EL. Many of the inhibitors evaluated proved to be nearly equally potent against both EL and LPL, but several exhibited moderate to good selectivity for EL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P O'Connell
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mendieta L, Tarrago T, Giralt E. Recent patents of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:1693-741. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.627325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
39
|
Van Goethem S, Matheeussen V, Joossens J, Lambeir AM, Chen X, De Meester I, Haemers A, Augustyns K, Van der Veken P. Structure-activity relationship studies on isoindoline inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidases 8 and 9 (DPP8, DPP9): is DPP8-selectivity an attainable goal? J Med Chem 2011; 54:5737-46. [PMID: 21711053 DOI: 10.1021/jm200383j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This work represents the first directed study to identify modification points in the topology of a representative DPP8/9-inhibitor, capable of rendering selectivity for DPP8 over DPP9. The availability of a DPP8-selective compound would be highly instrumental for studying and untwining the biological roles of DPP8 and DPP9 and for the disambiguation of biological effects of nonselective DPP-inhibitors that have mainly been ascribed to blocking of DPPIV's action. The cell-permeable DPP8/9-inhibitor 7 was selected as a lead and dissected into several substructures that were modified separately for evaluating their potential to contribute to selectivity. The obtained results, together with earlier work from our group, clearly narrow down the most probable DPP8-selectivity imparting modification points in DPP8/9 inhibitors to parts of space that are topologically equivalent to the piperazine ring system in 7. This information can be considered of high value for future design of compounds with maximal DPP8 selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan Van Goethem
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Relative to carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen, very little is currently known about boron in therapeutics. In addition, there are very few boron-containing natural products identified to date to serve as leads for medicinal chemists. Perceived risks of using boron and lack of synthetic methods to handle boron-containing compounds have caused the medicinal chemistry community to shy away from using the atom. However, physical, chemical and biological properties of boron offer medicinal chemists a rare opportunity to explore and pioneer new areas of drug discovery. Boron therapeutics are emerging that show different modes of inhibition against a variety of biological targets. With one boron-containing therapeutic agent on the market and several more in various stages of clinical trials, the occurrence of this class of compound is likely to grow over the next decade and boron could become widely accepted as a useful element in future drug discovery.
Collapse
|
41
|
Fibroblast activation protein-α promotes tumor growth and invasion of breast cancer cells through non-enzymatic functions. Clin Exp Metastasis 2011; 28:567-79. [PMID: 21604185 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-011-9392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) is a cell surface, serine protease of the post-prolyl peptidase family that is expressed in human breast cancer but not in normal tissues. Previously, we showed that FAP expression increased tumor growth rates in a mouse model of human breast cancer. Here the role of the proteolytic activities of FAP in promoting tumor growth, matrix degradation and invasion was investigated. Mammary fat pads of female SCID mice were inoculated with breast cancer cells that express FAP and the mice treated with normal saline or Val-boroPro (talabostat); Glu-boroPro (PT-630); or 1-[[(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)amino]acetyl]-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine (LAF-237) that inhibit prolyl peptidases. Other mice were injected with breast cancer cells expressing a catalytically inactive mutant of FAP and did not receive inhibitor treatment. PT-630 and LAF-237 did not slow growth of tumors produced by any of the three cell lines expressing FAP. Talabostat slightly decreased the growth rates of the FAP-expressing tumors but because PT-630 and LAF-237 did not, the growth retardation was likely not related to the inhibition of FAP or the related post-prolyl peptidase dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Breast cancer cells expressing a catalytically inactive mutant of FAP (FAP(S624A)) also produced tumors that grew rapidly. In vitro studies revealed that cells expressing wild type FAP or FAP(S624A) degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) more extensively, accumulate higher levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in conditioned medium, are more invasive in type I collagen gels, and have altered signaling compared to control transfectants that do not express FAP and form slow growing tumors. We conclude that the proteolytic activity of FAP participates in matrix degradation, but other functions of the protein stimulate increased tumor growth.
Collapse
|
42
|
Poplawski SE, Lai JH, Sanford DG, Sudmeier JL, Wu W, Bachovchin WW. Pro-soft Val-boroPro: a strategy for enhancing in vivo performance of boronic acid inhibitors of serine proteases. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2022-8. [PMID: 21388136 DOI: 10.1021/jm100972f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Val-boroPro, 1, is a potent, but relatively nonspecific inhibitor of the prolyl peptidases. It has antihyperglycemic activity from inhibition of DPPIV but also striking anticancer activity and a toxicity for which the mechanisms are unknown. 1 cyclizes at physiological pH, which attenuates its inhibitory potency >100-fold, which is a "soft drug" effect. Here we show that this phenomenon can be exploited to create prodrugs with unique properties and potential for selective in vivo targeting. Enzyme-mediated release delivers 1 to the target in the active form at physiological pH; cyclization attenuates systemic pharmacological effects from subsequent diffusion. This "pro-soft" design is demonstrated with a construct activated by and targeted to DPPIV, including in vivo results showing improved antihyperglycemic activity and reduced toxicity relative to 1. Pro-soft derivatives of 1 can help to illuminate the mechanisms underlying the three biological activities, or to help localize 1 at a tumor and thereby lead to improved anticancer agents with reduced toxicity. The design concept can also be applied to a variety of other boronic acid inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Poplawski
- Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Touchet S, Carreaux F, Carboni B, Bouillon A, Boucher JL. Aminoboronic acids and esters: from synthetic challenges to the discovery of unique classes of enzyme inhibitors. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:3895-914. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00154f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
44
|
Kaczanowska K, Wiesmüller KH, Schaffner AP. Design, Synthesis, and in Vitro Evaluation of Novel Aminomethyl-pyridines as DPP-4 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2010; 1:530-5. [PMID: 24900243 DOI: 10.1021/ml100200c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A collection of novel aminomethyl-pyridines was designed, synthesized, and investigated as potential inhibitors of DPP-4. Optimization of the screening hit afforded a number of 5-aminomethyl-pyridines with inhibitory activity in the nanomolar range. Selected DPP-4 inhibitors were further evaluated for their selectivity over the closely related peptidase DPP-8. 5-Aminomethyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-6-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid cyanomethyl-amide showed high potency and excellent DPP-4 selectivity [IC50: 10 (DPP-4) and 6600 nM (DPP-8)] and no toxicity in mammalian cell culture.
Collapse
|
45
|
Meany H, Balis FM, Aikin A, Whitcomb P, Murphy RF, Steinberg SM, Widemann BC, Fox E. Pediatric phase I trial design using maximum target inhibition as the primary endpoint. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010; 102:909-12. [PMID: 20460632 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djq174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent to which a drug inhibits a target responsible for a therapeutic effect is a more rational primary endpoint for dose-finding studies of more selective anticancer drugs than the conventional endpoint of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) used for cytotoxic agents. An adaptive phase I trial design incorporating maximum target inhibition as the primary endpoint was developed to define the optimal dose of talabostat, a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) inhibitor, in children with relapsed or refractory solid tumors. The relationship between dose and effect (percent inhibition of serum DPP-4) was assessed using a maximum effect model. Maximum target inhibition was defined as greater than 90% DPP-4 inhibition in five or more of six patients 24 hours post-dose. If DLT was to occur, the trial would adapt to a traditional phase I design with a more conservative dose escalation. At the 600 microg/m(2) dose level, serum DPP-4 inhibition at 24 hours was 85%. No talabostat-related DLT occurred. The maximum effect model predicted that 1200 microg/m(2) of talabostat would maximally inhibit DPP-4. This adaptive trial design appears to be feasible, safe, and efficient and warrants further evaluation for development of molecularly targeted agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Meany
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Trippier PC, McGuigan C. Boronic acids in medicinal chemistry: anticancer, antibacterial and antiviral applications. MEDCHEMCOMM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0md00119h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
47
|
Peng Q, Chen F, Zhong Z, Zhuo R. Enhanced gene transfection capability of polyethylenimine by incorporating boronic acid groups. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:5888-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00877j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
48
|
Diez-Torrubia A, García-Aparicio C, Cabrera S, De Meester I, Balzarini J, Camarasa MJ, Velázquez S. Application of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) Based Prodrug Approach to Different Amine-Containing Drugs. J Med Chem 2009; 53:559-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901590f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvia Cabrera
- Instituto de Química Médica (C.S.I.C.), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - María-José Camarasa
- Instituto de Química Médica (C.S.I.C.), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Velázquez
- Instituto de Química Médica (C.S.I.C.), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Nordhoff S, Bulat S, Cerezo-Gálvez S, Hill O, Hoffmann-Enger B, López-Canet M, Rosenbaum C, Rummey C, Thiemann M, Matassa VG, Edwards PJ, Feurer A. The design of potent and selective inhibitors of DPP-4: optimization of ADME properties by amide replacements. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6340-5. [PMID: 19833514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
For a series of beta-homophenylalanine based inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV ADME properties were improved by the incorporation of amide replacements. These efforts led to a novel series of potent and selective inhibitors of DPP-4 that exhibit an attractive pharmacokinetic profile and show excellent efficacy in an animal model of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Nordhoff
- Santhera Pharmaceuticals (Switzerland) Ltd, Hammerstrasse 47, CH-4410 Liestal, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Geiss-Friedlander R, Parmentier N, Möller U, Urlaub H, Van den Eynde BJ, Melchior F. The cytoplasmic peptidase DPP9 is rate-limiting for degradation of proline-containing peptides. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:27211-9. [PMID: 19667070 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.041871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein degradation is an essential process that continuously takes place in all living cells. Regulated degradation of most cellular proteins is initiated by proteasomes, which produce peptides of varying length. These peptides are rapidly cleaved to single amino acids by cytoplasmic peptidases. Proline-containing peptides pose a specific problem due to structural constrains imposed by the pyrrolidine ring that prevents most peptidases from cleavage. Here we show that DPP9, a poorly characterized cytoplasmic prolyl-peptidase, is rate-limiting for destruction of proline-containing substrates both in cell extracts and in intact cells. We identified the first natural substrate for DPP9, the RU1(34-42) antigenic peptide (VPYGSFKHV). RU1(34-42) is degraded in vitro by DPP9, and down-regulation of DPP9 in intact cells results in increased presentation of this antigen. Together our findings demonstrate an important role for DPP9 in peptide turnover and antigen presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Geiss-Friedlander
- Department of Biochemistry 1, Faculty of Medicine, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|