1
|
Gasperoni L, Giunta EF, Montanari D, Masini C, De Giorgi U. New-generation androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC): pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions (DDIs), and clinical impact. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38778707 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2353749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The therapeutic scenario of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) has dramatically changed in recent years, with the approval of new-generation Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibitors (ARSIs), in combination with the androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which was the previous standard of care. Despite showing a similar clinical efficacy, ARSIs, all of which are administered orally, are different in terms of pharmacokinetic and drug-drug interactions (DDIs). AREAS COVERED This review covers the main pharmacokinetic characteristics of ARSIs that have been approved for the first-line therapy of mHSPC patients, underlying the differences among these molecules and focusing on the known or possible interactions with other drugs. Full-text articles and abstracts were searched in PubMed. EXPERT OPINION Since prostate cancer occurs mainly in older age, comorbidities and the consequent polypharmacy increase the DDI risk in mHSPC patients who are candidates for ARSI. Waiting for new therapeutic options, in the absence of direct comparisons, pharmacokinetic knowledge is essential to guide clinicians in prescribing ARSI in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Gasperoni
- Oncological Pharmacy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) 'Dino Amadori', Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Emilio Francesco Giunta
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) 'Dino Amadori', Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Daniela Montanari
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) 'Dino Amadori', Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Carla Masini
- Oncological Pharmacy Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) 'Dino Amadori', Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) 'Dino Amadori', Meldola (FC), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang J, Gulyás KV, Li J, Ma M, Zhou L, Wu L, Xiong R, Erdelyi M, Zhu W, Xu Z. Unexpected effect of halogenation on the water solubility of small organic compounds. Comput Biol Med 2024; 172:108209. [PMID: 38460313 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Halogenation is an indispensable method in the structural modification of lead compounds. It is known to increase lipophilicity and is hence used to improve membrane permeability and thus bioavailability. In this study, we compare the water solubility (logS) of organohalogen compounds and their non-halogenated parent compounds using the molecular matched pair (MMP) analysis method. Unexpectedly, 19.9% of the compounds increased their water solubility upon halogenation. Iodination was observed to have the greatest effect on solubility, followed by chlorination, bromination, and fluorination. Introducing amino, hydroxyl and carboxyl groups into organohalogens improves their aqueous solubilities, whereas introducing a trifluoromethyl group has the opposite effect. According to our quantum chemical calculations, the increased water solubility upon halogenation is, at least partially, attributed to an increased polarity and polarizability. These results improve our understanding of the influence of halogenation on bioactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kinga Virág Gulyás
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jintian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Minfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Leyun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ruisheng Xiong
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mate Erdelyi
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Zhijian Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao H, Zhang JY, Zhao LJ, Guo YY. Synthesis and application of clinically approved small-molecule drugs targeting androgen receptor. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:106998. [PMID: 38035513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) plays a crucial role in various physiological processes. Dysregulation of AR signaling has been implicated in several diseases, such as prostate cancer and androgenetic alopecia. Therefore, the development of drugs that specifically target AR has gained significant attention in the field of drug discovery. This review provides an overview of the synthetic routes of clinically approved small molecule drugs targeting AR and discusses the clinical applications of these drugs in the treatment of AR-related diseases. The review also highlights the challenges and future perspectives in this field, including the need for improved drug design and the exploration of novel therapeutic targets. Through an integrated analysis of the therapeutic applications, synthetic methodologies, and mechanisms of action associated with these approved drugs, this review facilitates a holistic understanding of the versatile roles and therapeutic potential of AR-targeted interventions. Overall, this comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource for medicinal chemists interested in the development of small-molecule drugs targeting AR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gao
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhang
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, 450044, China.
| | - Li-Jie Zhao
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang JY, Zhao LJ, Wang YT. Synthesis and clinical application of small-molecule drugs approved to treat prostatic cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115925. [PMID: 37948954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a prevalent form of cancer that primarily affects men, with a high incidence and mortality rate. It is the second most common cancer among males, following lung cancer. Typically occurring in individuals aged 50 and above, this malignant tumor originates from abnormal cells in the prostate tissue. If left untreated, it can spread to nearby tissues, lymph nodes, and even bones. Current treatment methods include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, these treatments have certain limitations and side effects. Therefore, researching and developing new small-molecule drugs to treat prostate cancer is of great significance. In recent years, many small-molecule drugs have been proven to have therapeutic effects on prostate cancer. The purpose of this review is to give a comprehensive look at the clinical uses and synthetic methods of various significant small-molecule drugs that have been approved to treat prostate cancer, to facilitate the development of more powerful and innovative drugs for the effective control of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, 450044, China
| | - Li-Jie Zhao
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
| | - Ya-Tao Wang
- First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Henan Province, Shangqiu, 476100, China; Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharawi ZW, Khatrawi SM, Wang Q, Zhou H, Cyrus K, Yan G, Hoxter B, Haddad BR, Martin MB. Calcium Activation of the Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cells. Int J Endocrinol 2023; 2023:9907948. [PMID: 38131032 PMCID: PMC10733593 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9907948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although prostate cancer patients initially respond to androgen deprivation therapy, most patients progress to a resistant phenotype. Castration resistance is due, in part, to intratumoral and/or adrenal synthesis of androgens, overexpression or mutation of the androgen receptor (AR), stabilization of AR by chaperones, and ligand-independent activation of AR. Increasing evidence also links disruption of calcium homeostasis to progression of prostate cancer. Our previous study shows that heavy metal cadmium activates the AR through a ligand-independent mechanism. Cadmium mimics calcium in biological systems due to their similar ionic charge and radius. This study determines whether calcium activates AR and whether first- and second-generation antiandrogens block the ability of calcium to activate the receptor. Methods The expression of androgen-responsive genes and calcium channels was measured in prostate cells using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Cell growth was measured. Results To ask whether calcium activates AR, prostate cells were treated with calcium in the absence and presence of the first-generation antiandrogens hydroxyflutamide and bicalutamide and the second-generation antiandrogen enzalutamide, and the expression of androgen-responsive genes and cell growth was measured. In the normal PWR-1E cells and HEK293T cells transiently expressing AR, treatment with calcium increased the expression of androgen-responsive genes by approximately 3-fold. The increase was blocked by enzalutamide but was not consistently blocked by the first-generation antiandrogens. In LNCaP cells which contain a mutant AR, treatment with calcium also increased the expression of androgen-responsive genes by approximately 3-fold, and the increase was more effectively blocked by enzalutamide than by hydroxyflutamide or bicalutamide. Treatment with calcium also increased cell growth that was blocked by enzalutamide. To ask whether dysregulation of calcium channels is associated with castration resistance, calcium channels were measured in the normal PWR-1E prostate cells, the hormone-responsive LNCaP cells, and the castration-resistant VCaP and 22RV1 cells. Compared to normal prostate cells, the hormone-responsive and hormone-resistant cells overexpressed several calcium channels. Conclusions The results of this study show that calcium activates AR and increases cell growth and that calcium channels are overexpressed in hormone-responsive and hormone-resistant prostate cancer cells. Taken together, the results suggest a novel role of calcium in the castration-resistant phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeina W. Sharawi
- Departments of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
- Department of Genetics and Human Genetics, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan M. Khatrawi
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Qiaochu Wang
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Hongzhao Zhou
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Kedra Cyrus
- Departments of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Gai Yan
- Departments of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Becky Hoxter
- Departments of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Bassem R. Haddad
- Departments of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Mary Beth Martin
- Departments of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abd-Allah WH, El-Mohsen Anwar MA, Mohammed ER, El Moghazy SM. Anticonvulsant Classes and Possible Mechanism of Actions. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4076-4092. [PMID: 37948544 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is considered one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide; it needs long-term or life-long treatment. Despite the presence of several novel antiepileptic drugs, approximately 30% patients still suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy. Subsequently, searching for new anticonvulsants with lower toxicity and better efficacy is still in paramount demand. Using target-based studies in the discovery of novel antiepileptics is uncommon owing to the insufficient information on the molecular pathway of epilepsy and complex mode of action for most of known antiepileptic drugs. In this review, we investigated the properties of anticonvulsants, types of epileptic seizures, and mechanism of action for anticonvulsants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Hamada Abd-Allah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Collage of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, P.O. 77, 12568 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Abd El-Mohsen Anwar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Collage of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, P.O. 77, 12568 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman R Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samir M El Moghazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang B, Liu C, Yang Z, Zhang S, Hu X, Li B, Mao M, Wang X, Li Z, Ma S, Zhang S, Qin C. Discovery of BWA-522, a First-in-Class and Orally Bioavailable PROTAC Degrader of the Androgen Receptor Targeting N-Terminal Domain for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11158-11186. [PMID: 37556600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
We report small molecular PROTAC compounds targeting the androgen receptor N-terminal domain (AR-NTD), which were obtained by tethering AR-NTD antagonists and different classes of E3 ligase ligands through chemical linkers. A representative compound, BWA-522, effectively induces degradation of both AR-FL and AR-V7 and is more potent than the corresponding antagonist against prostate cancer (PC) cells in vitro. We have shown that the degradation of AR-FL and AR-V7 proteins by BWA-522 can suppress the expression of AR downstream proteins and induce PC cell apoptosis. BWA-522 achieves 40.5% oral bioavailability in mice and 69.3% in beagle dogs. In a LNCaP xenograft model study, BWA-522 was also proved to be an efficacious PROTAC degrader, resulting in 76% tumor growth inhibition after oral administration of a dose of 60 mg/kg. This study indicates that BWA-522 is a promising AR-NTD PROTAC for the treatment of AR-FL- and AR-V7-dependent tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Zhenqian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Xiaolin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Baohu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Mei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Zhuoyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Shumin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Chong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266137, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Poirier D, Roy J, Maltais R, Weidmann C, Audet-Walsh É. An Aminosteroid Derivative Shows Higher In Vitro and In Vivo Potencies than Gold Standard Drugs in Androgen-Dependent Prostate Cancer Models. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113033. [PMID: 37296995 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aminosteroid derivative RM-581 blocks with high potency the growth of androgen-dependent (AR+) prostate cancer VCaP, 22Rv1, and LAPC-4 cells. Notably, RM-581 demonstrated superior antiproliferative activity in LAPC-4 cells compared to enzalutamide and abiraterone, two drugs that exhibited a synergistic effect in combination with RM-581. These findings suggest that RM-581 may have an action that is not directly associated with the hormonal pathway of androgens. Furthermore, RM-581 completely blocks tumor growth in LAPC-4 xenografts when given orally at 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg in non-castrated (intact) nude mice. During this study, an accumulation of RM-581 was observed in tumors compared to plasma (3.3-10 folds). Additionally, the level of fatty acids (FA) increased in the tumors and livers of mice treated with RM-581 but not in plasma. The increase was greater in unsaturated FA (21-28%) than in saturated FA (7-11%). The most affected FA were saturated palmitic acid (+16%), monounsaturated oleic acid (+34%), and di-unsaturated linoleic acid (+56%), i.e., the 3 most abundant FA, with a total of 55% of the 56 FA measured. For cholesterol levels, there was no significant difference in the tumor, liver, or plasma of mice treated or not with RM-581. Another important result was the innocuity of RM-581 in mice during a 28-day xenograft experiment and a 7-week dose-escalation study, suggesting a favorable safety window for this new promising drug candidate when given orally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald Poirier
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jenny Roy
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - René Maltais
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Cindy Weidmann
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Étienne Audet-Walsh
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Q, Zhou L, Qin S, Huang Z, Li B, Liu R, Yang M, Nice EC, Zhu H, Huang C. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras in biotherapeutics: Current trends and future applications. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115447. [PMID: 37229829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The success of inhibitor-based therapeutics is largely constrained by the acquisition of therapeutic resistance, which is partially driven by the undruggable proteome. The emergence of proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology, designed for degrading proteins involved in specific biological processes, might provide a novel framework for solving the above constraint. A heterobifunctional PROTAC molecule could structurally connect an E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand with a protein of interest (POI)-binding ligand by chemical linkers. Such technology would result in the degradation of the targeted protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), opening up a novel way of selectively inhibiting undruggable proteins. Herein, we will highlight the advantages of PROTAC technology and summarize the current understanding of the potential mechanisms involved in biotherapeutics, with a particular focus on its application and development where therapeutic benefits over classical small-molecule inhibitors have been achieved. Finally, we discuss how this technology can contribute to developing biotherapeutic drugs, such as antivirals against infectious diseases, for use in clinical practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Zhao Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Bowen Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Ruolan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Mei Yang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Huili Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schaduangrat N, Anuwongcharoen N, Charoenkwan P, Shoombuatong W. DeepAR: a novel deep learning-based hybrid framework for the interpretable prediction of androgen receptor antagonists. J Cheminform 2023; 15:50. [PMID: 37149650 PMCID: PMC10163717 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-023-00721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance represents a major obstacle to therapeutic innovations and is a prevalent feature in prostate cancer (PCa). Androgen receptors (ARs) are the hallmark therapeutic target for prostate cancer modulation and AR antagonists have achieved great success. However, rapid emergence of resistance contributing to PCa progression is the ultimate burden of their long-term usage. Hence, the discovery and development of AR antagonists with capability to combat the resistance, remains an avenue for further exploration. Therefore, this study proposes a novel deep learning (DL)-based hybrid framework, named DeepAR, to accurately and rapidly identify AR antagonists by using only the SMILES notation. Specifically, DeepAR is capable of extracting and learning the key information embedded in AR antagonists. Firstly, we established a benchmark dataset by collecting active and inactive compounds against AR from the ChEMBL database. Based on this dataset, we developed and optimized a collection of baseline models by using a comprehensive set of well-known molecular descriptors and machine learning algorithms. Then, these baseline models were utilized for creating probabilistic features. Finally, these probabilistic features were combined and used for the construction of a meta-model based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network. Experimental results indicated that DeepAR is a more accurate and stable approach for identifying AR antagonists in terms of the independent test dataset, by achieving an accuracy of 0.911 and MCC of 0.823. In addition, our proposed framework is able to provide feature importance information by leveraging a popular computational approach, named SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). In the meanwhile, the characterization and analysis of potential AR antagonist candidates were achieved through the SHAP waterfall plot and molecular docking. The analysis inferred that N-heterocyclic moieties, halogenated substituents, and a cyano functional group were significant determinants of potential AR antagonists. Lastly, we implemented an online web server by using DeepAR (at http://pmlabstack.pythonanywhere.com/DeepAR ). We anticipate that DeepAR could be a useful computational tool for community-wide facilitation of AR candidates from a large number of uncharacterized compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Schaduangrat
- Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Nuttapat Anuwongcharoen
- Department of Community Medical Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Phasit Charoenkwan
- Modern Management and Information Technology, College of Arts, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Watshara Shoombuatong
- Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jia X, Han X. Targeting androgen receptor degradation with PROTACs from bench to bedside. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114112. [PMID: 36508999 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) has been extensively investigated to treat prostate cancer. Resistance mechanisms such as increased levels of androgen production, increased AR gene, enhancer expression and AR point mutations always reduce the clinical efficacy. Design and discovery of small-molecule PROTAC AR degraders have been pursued as a new therapeutic strategy to overcome common resistance mechanisms developed during prostate cancer treatment. In the last two decades, potent and efficacious PROTAC AR degraders have been gotten rapid development and several such compounds have been advanced into preclinical phase and phase I/II trials for the treatment of human prostate cancers. Especially, the first PROTAC to enter the clinic, ARV-110, has shown good clinical effects in patients with mCRPC. This fully demonstrates the high clinical value of PROTAC strategy in treatment of human diseases. Here, we summarized the recent advances in the development of these potential clinical-stage PROTAC AR degraders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Jia
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xin Han
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China..
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ivanenkov YA, Kukushkin ME, Beloglazkina AA, Shafikov RR, Barashkin AA, Ayginin AA, Serebryakova MS, Majouga AG, Skvortsov DA, Tafeenko VA, Beloglazkina EK. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Dispiro-Indolinones with Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031325. [PMID: 36770991 PMCID: PMC9919490 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel variously substituted thiohydantoin-based dispiro-indolinones were prepared using a regio- and diastereoselective synthetic route from 5-arylidene-2-thiohydantoins, isatines, and sarcosine. The obtained molecules were subsequently evaluated in vitro against the cancer cell lines LNCaP, PC3, HCTwt, and HCT(-/-). Several compounds demonstrated a relatively high cytotoxic activity vs. LNCaP cells (IC50 = 1.2-3.5 µM) and a reasonable selectivity index (SI = 3-10). Confocal microscopy revealed that the conjugate of propargyl-substituted dispiro-indolinone with the fluorescent dye Sulfo-Cy5-azide was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of HEK293 cells. P388-inoculated mice and HCT116-xenograft BALB/c nude mice were used to evaluate the anticancer activity of compound 29 in vivo. Particularly, the TGRI value for the P388 model was 93% at the final control timepoint. No mortality was registered among the population up to day 31 of the study. In the HCT116 xenograft model, the compound (170 mg/kg, i.p., o.d., 10 days) provided a T/C ratio close to 60% on day 8 after the treatment was completed. The therapeutic index-estimated as LD50/ED50-for compound 29 in mice was ≥2.5. Molecular docking studies were carried out to predict the possible binding modes of the examined molecules towards MDM2 as the feasible biological target. However, such a mechanism was not confirmed by Western blot data and, apparently, the synthesized compounds have a different mechanism of cytotoxic action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan A. Ivanenkov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- The Federal State Unitary Enterprise Dukhov Automatics Research Institute (VNIIA), 22. ul. Sushchevskaya, 127055 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim E. Kukushkin
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Radik R. Shafikov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, GSP-7, Ulitsa Mklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 17997 Moscow, Russia
- A. N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology MSU, Leninskye Gory, House 1, Building 40, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Barashkin
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Ayginin
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina S. Serebryakova
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander G. Majouga
- College of New Materials and Nanotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A. Skvortsov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor A. Tafeenko
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena K. Beloglazkina
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Patterson JC, Varkaris A, Croucher PJP, Ridinger M, Dalrymple S, Nouri M, Xie F, Varmeh S, Jonas O, Whitman MA, Chen S, Rashed S, Makusha L, Luo J, Isaacs JT, Erlander MG, Einstein DJ, Balk SP, Yaffe MB. Plk1 Inhibitors and Abiraterone Synergistically Disrupt Mitosis and Kill Cancer Cells of Disparate Origin Independently of Androgen Receptor Signaling. Cancer Res 2023; 83:219-238. [PMID: 36413141 PMCID: PMC9852064 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abiraterone is a standard treatment for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) that slows disease progression by abrogating androgen synthesis and antagonizing the androgen receptor (AR). Here we report that inhibitors of the mitotic regulator polo-like kinase-1 (Plk1), including the clinically active third-generation Plk1 inhibitor onvansertib, synergizes with abiraterone in vitro and in vivo to kill a subset of cancer cells from a wide variety of tumor types in an androgen-independent manner. Gene-expression analysis identified an AR-independent synergy-specific gene set signature upregulated upon abiraterone treatment that is dominated by pathways related to mitosis and the mitotic spindle. Abiraterone treatment alone caused defects in mitotic spindle orientation, failure of complete chromosome condensation, and improper cell division independently of its effects on AR signaling. These effects, although mild following abiraterone monotherapy, resulted in profound sensitization to the antimitotic effects of Plk1 inhibition, leading to spindle assembly checkpoint-dependent mitotic cancer cell death and entosis. In a murine patient-derived xenograft model of abiraterone-resistant metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), combined onvansertib and abiraterone resulted in enhanced mitotic arrest and dramatic inhibition of tumor cell growth compared with either agent alone. Overall, this work establishes a mechanistic basis for the phase II clinical trial (NCT03414034) testing combined onvansertib and abiraterone in mCRPC patients and indicates this combination may have broad utility for cancer treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Abiraterone treatment induces mitotic defects that sensitize cancer cells to Plk1 inhibition, revealing an AR-independent mechanism for this synergistic combination that is applicable to a variety of cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse C. Patterson
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andreas Varkaris
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | - Susan Dalrymple
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mannan Nouri
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Fang Xie
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shohreh Varmeh
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Oliver Jonas
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew A. Whitman
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sen Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Saleh Rashed
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lovemore Makusha
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - John T. Isaacs
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - David J. Einstein
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Steven P. Balk
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michael B. Yaffe
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ha S, Luo G, Xiang H. A Comprehensive Overview of Small-Molecule Androgen Receptor Degraders: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16128-16154. [PMID: 36459083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC), the second most prevalent malignancy in men worldwide, has been proven to depend on the aberrant activation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Long-term androgen deprivation for the treatment of PC inevitably leads to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in which AR remains a crucial oncogenic driver. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new strategies to address this unmet medical need. Targeting AR for degradation has recently been in a vigorous development stage, and accumulating clinical studies have highlighted the benefits of AR degraders in CRPC patients. Herein, we provide a comprehensive summary of small-molecule AR degraders with diverse mechanisms of action including proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), selective AR degraders (SARDs), hydrophobic tags (HyT), and other AR degraders with distinct mechanisms. Accordingly, their structure-activity relationships, biomedical applications, and therapeutic values are also dissected to provide insights into the future development of promising AR degradation-based therapeutics for CRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Ha
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Guoshun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Hua Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Meng X, Bi S, Jin S, Wu K, Wu S, Shao L, Bonnet PA, Sheng C. A novel route for the synthesis of androgen receptor antagonist enzalutamide. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
16
|
Chen C, Chai X, Hu X, Lou S, Li D, Hou T, Cui S. Discovery of 2-(1-(3-Chloro-4-cyanophenyl)-1 H-pyrazol-3-yl)acetamides as Potent, Selective, and Orally Available Antagonists Targeting the Androgen Receptor. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13074-13093. [PMID: 36154033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) antagonists are efficient therapeutics for the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). All the approved AR antagonists to date are targeted to the ligand-binding pocket (LBP) of AR and have suffered from various drug resistances, whereas AR antagonist targeting non-LBP site of AR is conceived as a promising strategy. Through the scaffold hopping of AR LBP antagonists, the 2-chloro-4-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzonitrile was designed as a new core structure for AR antagonists. A total of 46 compounds were synthesized and biologically evaluated to disclose compounds 2f, 2k, and 4c, exhibiting potent AR antagonistic activities (IC50 up to 69 nM), force against antiandrogen resistance, and untraditional targeting site of probably AR binding function 3. Therein, 4c exhibited effective tumor growth inhibition in LNCaP xenograft study upon oral administration. This work provides a novel chemical scaffold for AR antagonists and offers new perspective for the development of PCa therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Chai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xueping Hu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shengying Lou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sunliang Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cossy J, Polàk P, Ruer PC. Incorporation of a cyclobutyl substituent in molecules by transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7529-7553. [PMID: 36148586 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01045c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the incorporation of a cyclobutyl substituent in molecules, by transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling, is described by only considering the formation of C-C bonds. Three main strategies are used to introduce a cyclobutyl substituent in molecules by involving either electrophilic or nucleophilic cyclobutane derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular chemistry and Materials (C3M), ESPCI Paris, PSL, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Peter Polàk
- Molecular, Macromolecular chemistry and Materials (C3M), ESPCI Paris, PSL, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Paul C Ruer
- Molecular, Macromolecular chemistry and Materials (C3M), ESPCI Paris, PSL, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ma L, Zhou Y, Yang D, Wang MW, Lu W, Jin J. Synthesis of Hydantoin Androgen Receptor Antagonists and Study on Their Antagonistic Activity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185867. [PMID: 36144603 PMCID: PMC9505067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxymethylthiohydantoin, hydroxymethylthiohydantoin, and hydantoin, containing a pyridine group, were synthesized to study their androgen receptor antagonistic activities. Among them, compounds 6a/6c/7g/19a/19b exhibited excellent androgen receptor antagonistic activity, which was consistent with or even superior to enzalutamide. In addition, compounds 19a and 19b exhibited better antiproliferative activity than enzalutamide in prostate cancer cells. The results show that compound 19a has great potential as a new AR antagonist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longjun Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 88 Anning West Road, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- The National Center for Drug Screening, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 189 Guo Shou Jing Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dehua Yang
- The National Center for Drug Screening, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 189 Guo Shou Jing Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- The National Center for Drug Screening, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 189 Guo Shou Jing Road, Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence: (M.-W.W.); (W.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
- Correspondence: (M.-W.W.); (W.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Jiyu Jin
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
- Correspondence: (M.-W.W.); (W.L.); (J.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Whitely C, Li Y. One-Pot High-throughput Synthesis of N3-Substituted 5-Arylidene-2-Thiohydantoin Amides and Acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2022; 103:153983. [PMID: 36777034 PMCID: PMC9910623 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot high-throughput solid-phase method for the synthesis of N3-substituted 5-arylidene-2-thiohydantoin amide and acid has been developed. A tandem ring-closure and ring-open pathway is proposed as the mechanism of forming the two products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsi Whitely
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina
| | - Yangmei Li
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Corpas J, Kim-Lee SH, Mauleón P, Arrayás RG, Carretero JC. Beyond classical sulfone chemistry: metal- and photocatalytic approaches for C-S bond functionalization of sulfones. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6774-6823. [PMID: 35838659 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00535e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The exceptional versatility of sulfones has been extensively exploited in organic synthesis across several decades. Since the first demonstration in 2005 that sulfones can participate in Pd-catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura type reactions, tremendous advances in catalytic desulfitative functionalizations have opened a new area of research with burgeoning activity in recent years. This emerging field is displaying sulfone derivatives as a new class of substrates enabling catalytic C-C and C-X bond construction. In this review, we will discuss new facets of sulfone reactivity toward further expanding the flexibility of C-S bonds, with an emphasis on key mechanistic features. The inherent challenges confronting the development of these strategies will be presented, along with the potential application of this chemistry for the synthesis of natural products. Taken together, this knowledge should stimulate impactful improvements on the use of sulfones in catalytic desulfitative C-C and C-X bond formation. A main goal of this article is to bring this technology to the mainstream catalysis practice and to serve as inspiration for new perspectives in catalytic transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Corpas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Shin-Ho Kim-Lee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Mauleón
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain. .,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain, and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain
| | - Ramón Gómez Arrayás
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain. .,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain, and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain
| | - Juan C Carretero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain. .,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain, and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Guan X, Cheryala N, Karim RM, Chan A, Berndt N, Qi J, Georg GI, Schönbrunn E. Bivalent BET Bromodomain Inhibitors Confer Increased Potency and Selectivity for BRDT via Protein Conformational Plasticity. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10441-10458. [PMID: 35867655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins are important regulators of gene transcription and chromatin remodeling. BET family members BRD4 and BRDT are validated targets for cancer and male contraceptive drug development, respectively. Due to the high structural similarity of the acetyl-lysine binding sites, most reported inhibitors lack intra-BET selectivity. We surmised that protein-protein interactions induced by bivalent inhibitors may differ between BRD4 and BRDT, conferring an altered selectivity profile. Starting from nonselective monovalent inhibitors, we developed cell-active bivalent BET inhibitors with increased activity and selectivity for BRDT. X-ray crystallographic and solution studies revealed unique structural states of BRDT and BRD4 upon interaction with bivalent inhibitors. Varying spacer lengths and symmetric vs unsymmetric connections resulted in the same dimeric states, whereas different chemotypes induced different dimers. The findings indicate that the increased intra-BET selectivity of bivalent inhibitors is due to the differential plasticity of BET bromodomains upon inhibitor-induced dimerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Guan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Narsihmulu Cheryala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Rezaul Md Karim
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Drug Discovery Department, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Alice Chan
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Drug Discovery Department, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Norbert Berndt
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Drug Discovery Department, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Gunda I Georg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Ernst Schönbrunn
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Drug Discovery Department, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays a key role in the maintenance of muscle and bone and the support of male sexual-related functions, as well as in the progression of prostate cancer. Accordingly, AR-targeted therapies have been developed for the treatment of related human diseases and conditions. AR agonists are an important class of drugs in the treatment of bone loss and muscle atrophy. AR antagonists have also been developed for the treatment of prostate cancer, including metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Additionally, selective AR degraders (SARDs) have been reported. More recently, heterobifunctional degrader molecules of AR have been developed, and four such compounds are now in clinical development for the treatment of human prostate cancer. This review attempts to summarize the different types of compounds designed to target AR and the current frontiers of research on this important therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Xiang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sawant M, Mahajan K, Renganathan A, Weimholt C, Luo J, Kukshal V, Jez JM, Jeon MS, Zhang B, Li T, Fang B, Luo Y, Lawrence NJ, Lawrence HR, Feng FY, Mahajan NP. Chronologically modified androgen receptor in recurrent castration-resistant prostate cancer and its therapeutic targeting. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabg4132. [PMID: 35704598 PMCID: PMC10259236 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg4132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to second-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonists such as enzalutamide is an inevitable consequence in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). There are no effective therapeutic options for this recurrent disease. The expression of truncated AR variant 7 (AR-V7) has been suggested to be one mechanism of resistance; however, its low frequency in patients with CRPC does not explain the almost universal acquisition of resistance. We noted that the ability of AR to translocate to nucleus in an enzalutamide-rich environment opens up the possibility of a posttranslational modification in AR that is refractory to enzalutamide binding. Chemical proteomics in enzalutamide-resistant CRPC cells revealed acetylation at Lys609 in the zinc finger DNA binding domain of AR (acK609-AR) that not only allowed AR translocation but also galvanized a distinct global transcription program, conferring enzalutamide insensitivity. Mechanistically, acK609-AR was recruited to the AR and ACK1/TNK2 enhancers, up-regulating their transcription. ACK1 kinase-mediated AR Y267 phosphorylation was a prerequisite for AR K609 acetylation, which spawned positive feedback loops at both the transcriptional and posttranslational level that regenerated and sustained high AR and ACK1 expression. Consistent with these findings, oral and subcutaneous treatment with ACK1 small-molecule inhibitor, (R)-9b, not only curbed AR Y267 phosphorylation and subsequent K609 acetylation but also compromised enzalutamide-resistant CRPC xenograft tumor growth in mice. Overall, these data uncover chronological modification events in AR that allows prostate cancer to evolve through progressive stages to reach the resilient recurrent CRPC stage, opening up a therapeutic vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mithila Sawant
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kiran Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Arun Renganathan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cody Weimholt
- Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vandna Kukshal
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph M. Jez
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Myung Sik Jeon
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Bioinformatics Research Core, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tiandao Li
- Bioinformatics Research Core, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bin Fang
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Yunting Luo
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Lawrence
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Harshani R. Lawrence
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Felix Y. Feng
- Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Building, 1450 Third Street, Room 383, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nupam P. Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Elbadawi MM, Khodair AI, Awad MK, Kassab SE, Elsaady MT, Abdellatif KR. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thiohydantoin derivatives as antiproliferative agents: A combined experimental and theoretical assessments. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
25
|
Zhang MC, Wang DC, Qu GR, Guo HM. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Thiohydantoins via Domino Cyclization Reaction of β,γ-Unsaturated α-Ketoester and N,N'-Dialkylthiourea. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00669c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first catalytic asymmetric route to synthesize chiral thiohydantoins containing a quaternary stereogenic center has been established utilizing a chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed domino cyclization reaction of N,N'-dialkyl thioureas with β,γ-unsaturated...
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang Z, Luo J, Gao H. Rapid Access to Fluorinated Anilides via DAST-Mediated Deoxyfluorination of Arylhydroxylamines. Org Lett 2021; 23:9332-9336. [PMID: 34797084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy for the synthesis of fluorinated anilides in the absence of metals and oxidants has been developed. This deoxyfluorination of N-arylhydroxylamines with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) proceeded smoothly under mild conditions, and the ortho- or para-fluorinated aromatic amine products were prepared in moderate to good yields. Structurally diverse fluorinated anilides, including heterocyclic and pharmaceutically relevant molecules, can be efficiently constructed by this protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Junfei Luo
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Hongyin Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250100, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hernández B, Narea P, Cisterna J, Maxwell L, Cárdenas A, Brito I, Delgado GE. Synthesis, spectroscopy and crystal structure characterization, Hirshfeld surface analysis and energy framework calculations of 1-acetyl-5-(2-(methylthio) ethyl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
28
|
Barrett RRG, Nash C, Diennet M, Cotnoir-White D, Doyle C, Mader S, Thomson AA, Gleason JL. Dual-function antiandrogen/HDACi hybrids based on enzalutamide and entinostat. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 55:128441. [PMID: 34767912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The combination of androgen receptor antagonists with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) has been shown to be more effective than antiandrogens alone in halting growth of prostate cancer cell lines. Here we have designed, synthesized and assessed a series of antiandrogen/HDACi hybrids by combining structural features of enzalutamide with either SAHA or entinostat. The hybrids are demonstrated to maintain bifunctionality using a fluorometric HDAC assay and a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) antiandrogen assay. Antiproliferative assays showed that hybrids bearing o-aminoanilide-based HDACi motifs outperformed hydroxamic acid based HDACi's. The hybrids demonstrated selectivity for epithelial cell lines vs. stromal cell lines, suggesting a potentially useful therapeutic window.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R G Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Claire Nash
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Cancer Research Program of the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Marine Diennet
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Pavillon Marcelle Coutu, Université de Montréal, 2950 chemin de Polytechnique, Montreal, QC H3T1J4, Canada
| | - David Cotnoir-White
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Pavillon Marcelle Coutu, Université de Montréal, 2950 chemin de Polytechnique, Montreal, QC H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Christopher Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Sylvie Mader
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Pavillon Marcelle Coutu, Université de Montréal, 2950 chemin de Polytechnique, Montreal, QC H3T1J4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Pavillon Roger Gaudry, Université de Montréal, 2900 bd Edouard Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Axel A Thomson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Cancer Research Program of the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - James L Gleason
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Inhibition of Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1 (SR-B1) Expression and Activity as a Potential Novel Target to Disrupt Cholesterol Availability in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091509. [PMID: 34575583 PMCID: PMC8467449 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been several studies that have linked elevated scavenger receptor class b type 1 (SR-B1) expression and activity to the development and progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). SR-B1 facilitates the influx of cholesterol to the cell from lipoproteins in systemic circulation. This influx of cholesterol may be important for many cellular functions, including the synthesis of androgens. Castration-resistant prostate cancer tumors can synthesize androgens de novo to supplement the loss of exogenous sources often induced by androgen deprivation therapy. Silencing of SR-B1 may impact the ability of prostate cancer cells, particularly those of the castration-resistant state, to maintain the intracellular supply of androgens by removing a supply of cholesterol. SR-B1 expression is elevated in CRPC models and has been linked to poor survival of patients. The overarching belief has been that cholesterol modulation, through either synthesis or uptake inhibition, will impact essential signaling processes, impeding the proliferation of prostate cancer. The reduction in cellular cholesterol availability can impede prostate cancer proliferation through both decreased steroid synthesis and steroid-independent mechanisms, providing a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer. In this article, we discuss and highlight the work on SR-B1 as a potential novel drug target for CRPC management.
Collapse
|
30
|
Yaragani M, Yadlapalli P, Raghavan S, Thota G, Basaveswara Rao Mandava V, Vikram Singh R, Prasad Kottapalli R, Saravanan C. Discovery of Easily Synthesizable 4, 4‐Dimethylimidazolidin‐2‐ones as Potent Androgen Receptor Antagonists for Prostate Cancer. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muralikrishna Yaragani
- Department of Chemistry Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Guntur 522 502, Andhra Pradesh India
| | | | - Sriram Raghavan
- CAS in Crystallography and Biophysics University of Madras, Guindy Campus Chennai Tamil Nadu 600 020 India
| | - Giridhar Thota
- Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Bangalure 560100 Karnataka India
| | | | | | | | - Chinnusamy Saravanan
- Center for Advanced Organic Materials (Sona-AROMA) Department of Chemistry Sona College of Technology Salem 636 005 Tamil Nadu India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pal R, Kumar B, Akhtar MJ, Chawla PA. Voltage gated sodium channel inhibitors as anticonvulsant drugs: A systematic review on recent developments and structure activity relationship studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105230. [PMID: 34416507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channel blockers are one of the vital targets for the management of several central nervous system diseases, including epilepsy, chronic pain, psychiatric disorders, and spasticity. The voltage-gated sodium channels play a key role in controlling cellular excitability. This reduction in excitotoxicity is also applied to improve the symptoms of epileptic conditions. The effectiveness of antiepileptic drugs as sodium channel depends upon the reversible blocking of the spontaneous discharge without blocking its propagation. There are number of antiepileptic drug(s) which are in pipeline to flour the market to conquer abnormal neuronal excitability. They inhibit the seizures through the inhibition of complex voltage- and frequency-dependent ionic currents through sodium channels. Over the past decade, the sodium channel is one of the most explored targets to control or treat the seizure, but there has not been any game-changing discovery yet. Although there are large numbers of drugs approved for the treatment of epilepsy, however they are associated with several acute to chronic side effects. Many research groups have tirelessly worked for better therapeutic medication on this popular target to treat epileptic seizures. The review quotes briefly the developments of the approved examples of sodium channel blockers as anticonvulsant drugs. Medicinal chemists have tried the design and development of some more potent anticonvulsant drugs to minimize the toxicity that are discussed here, and an emphasis is given for their possible mechanism and the structure-activity relationship (SAR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Md Jawaid Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO620, PC 130 Azaiba, Bousher, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang Z, Connolly PJ, Trabalón Escolar L, Rocaboy C, Pande V, Meerpoel L, Lim HK, Branch JR, Ondrus J, Hickson I, Bush TL, Bischoff JR, Bignan G. Spirocyclic Thiohydantoin Antagonists of F877L and Wild-Type Androgen Receptor for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1245-1252. [PMID: 34422225 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional reactivation plays a key role in the development and progression of lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Recurrent alterations in the AR enable persistent AR pathway signaling and drive resistance to the treatment of second-generation antiandrogens. AR F877L, a point mutation in the ligand binding domain of the AR, was identified in patients who acquired resistance to enzalutamide or apalutamide. In parallel to our previous structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of compound 4 (JNJ-pan-AR) and clinical stage compound 5 (JNJ-63576253), we discovered additional AR antagonists that provide opportunities for future development. Here we report a highly potent series of spirocyclic thiohydantoins as AR antagonists for the treatment of the F877L mutant and wild-type CRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuming Zhang
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Peter J. Connolly
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | | | | | - Vineet Pande
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Lieven Meerpoel
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Heng-Keang Lim
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Branch
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Janine Ondrus
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Ian Hickson
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Tammy L. Bush
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - James R. Bischoff
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Gilles Bignan
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sabe VT, Ntombela T, Jhamba LA, Maguire GEM, Govender T, Naicker T, Kruger HG. Current trends in computer aided drug design and a highlight of drugs discovered via computational techniques: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113705. [PMID: 34303871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Computer-aided drug design (CADD) is one of the pivotal approaches to contemporary pre-clinical drug discovery, and various computational techniques and software programs are typically used in combination, in a bid to achieve the desired outcome. Several approved drugs have been developed with the aid of CADD. On SciFinder®, we evaluated more than 600 publications through systematic searching and refining, using the terms, virtual screening; software methods; computational studies and publication year, in order to obtain data concerning particular aspects of CADD. The primary focus of this review was on the databases screened, virtual screening and/or molecular docking software program used. Furthermore, we evaluated the studies that subsequently performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and we reviewed the software programs applied, the application of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental assays. To represent the latest trends, the most recent data obtained was between 2015 and 2020, consequently the most frequently employed techniques and software programs were recorded. Among these, the ZINC database was the most widely preferred with an average use of 31.2%. Structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) was the most prominently used type of virtual screening and it accounted for an average of 57.6%, with AutoDock being the preferred virtual screening/molecular docking program with 41.8% usage. Following the screening process, 38.5% of the studies performed MD simulations to complement the virtual screening and GROMACS with 39.3% usage, was the popular MD software program. Among the computational techniques, DFT was the least applied whereby it only accounts for 0.02% average use. An average of 36.5% of the studies included reports on experimental evaluations following virtual screening. Ultimately, since the inception and application of CADD in pre-clinical drug discovery, more than 70 approved drugs have been discovered, and this number is steadily increasing over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor T Sabe
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
| | - Thandokuhle Ntombela
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
| | - Lindiwe A Jhamba
- HIV Pathogenesis Program, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Glenn E M Maguire
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa; School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - Tricia Naicker
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Hendrik G Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Delgado GE, Mora AJ, Seijas LE, Rincón L, Marroquin G, Cisterna J, Cárdenas A, Brito I. Combined DFT calculation, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and Energy framework study of non-covalent interactions in the crystal structure of (Z)-5-ethylidene-2-thiohydantoin determined by powder X-ray diffraction. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
35
|
Lokeshwar SD, Klaassen Z, Saad F. Treatment and trials in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 18:433-442. [PMID: 34002069 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Standard treatment for non-metastatic prostate cancer, to prevent metastatic progression, is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT); however, many patients will eventually develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which can prove challenging to treat. Between the stages of non-metastatic androgen-sensitive disease and metastatic CRPC is an intermediate disease state that has been termed non-metastatic CRPC (nmCRPC), which is a heterogeneous, man-made disease stage that occurs after a patient who has no radiological evidence of metastasis shows evidence of cancer progression even after ADT. Awareness of nmCRPC has risen owing to an increased use of ADT and its eventual failure. Men with nmCRPC are at a high risk of progression to mCRPC, with historically few options to halt this process. However, in the past two decades, multiple therapies have been investigated for the treatment of nmCRPC, including endothelin receptor antagonists and bone-targeted therapies, but none has changed the standard of care. In the past decade, the efficacy of androgen receptor pathway-targeting modalities has been investigated. Three novel nonsteroidal antiandrogen agents for treating high-risk nmCRPC have been investigated; the PROSPER, SPARTAN and ARAMIS trials were phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials that investigated the efficacy and safety of enzalutamide, apalutamide and darolutamide, respectively. All three therapeutics showed statistically significant improvements in metastasis-free survival, progression to antineoplastic therapy was lengthened and at final analysis, overall survival was significantly improved. The comparative efficacy and safety of all three agents has not yet been investigated in a comprehensive clinical trial, but approval of these medications by the FDA and other regulatory agencies means that providers now have three effective therapeutic options to augment ADT for patients with nmCRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary Klaassen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Augusta University - Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Fred Saad
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Saad F, Hamilou Z, Lattouf JB. A drug safety evaluation of enzalutamide to treat advanced prostate cancer. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2021; 20:741-749. [PMID: 34114527 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2021.1919620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer in North American men. Advanced PC is incurable. The androgen receptor antagonist enzalutamide is used to manage advanced PC, often over a period of months or years; it is therefore important to evaluate the safety profile of enzalutamide. AREAS COVERED This literature review presents safety data from pivotal trials and real-world data studies of enzalutamide in patients with advanced PC, including metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC), and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). A large body of evidence supports the maintenance or improvement in the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) afforded by enzalutamide treatment in patients with mHSPC, nmCRPC, or chemotherapy-naïve mCRPC, as well as improvement in the HRQoL in patients with later-stage symptomatic mCRPC. Efficacy data from clinical trials are also briefly discussed. EXPERT OPINION We aim to provide clinicians with a better understanding of how to properly interpret enzalutamide clinical trial safety data. This knowledge may help clinicians guide their patients with PC to achieve optimal clinical benefit from enzalutamide therapy, and to properly manage their patients to mitigate any potential risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fred Saad
- Department of Surgery/Urology, University of Montreal Hospital Center (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Zineb Hamilou
- Department of Medicine/Medical Oncology, University of Montreal Hospital Center (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Baptiste Lattouf
- Department of Surgery/Urology, University of Montreal Hospital Center (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ding L, Wang R, Shen D, Cheng S, Wang H, Lu Z, Zheng Q, Wang L, Xia L, Li G. Role of noncoding RNA in drug resistance of prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:590. [PMID: 34103477 PMCID: PMC8187453 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer around the world. Androgen-deprivation treatment and chemotherapy are the curative approaches used to suppress prostate cancer progression. However, drug resistance is extensively and hard to overcome even though remarkable progress has been made in recent decades. Noncoding RNAs, such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, are a group of cellular RNAs which participate in various cellular processes and diseases. Recently, accumulating evidence has highlighted the vital role of non-coding RNA in the development of drug resistance in prostate cancer. In this review, we summarize the important roles of these three classes of noncoding RNA in drug resistance and the potential therapeutic applications in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Ding
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruyue Wang
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danyang Shen
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Cheng
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeyi Lu
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiming Zheng
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqun Xia
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Gonghui Li
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Huggins and Hodges demonstrated the therapeutic effect of gonadal testosterone deprivation in the 1940s and therefore firmly established the concept that prostate cancer is a highly androgen-dependent disease. Since that time, hormonal therapy has undergone iterative advancement, from the types of gonadal testosterone deprivation to modalities that block the generation of adrenal and other extragonadal androgens, to those that directly bind and inhibit the androgen receptor (AR). The clinical states of prostate cancer are the product of a superimposition of these therapies with nonmetastatic advanced prostate cancer, as well as frankly metastatic disease. Today's standard of care for advanced prostate cancer includes gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (e.g., leuprolide), second-generation nonsteroidal AR antagonists (enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide) and the androgen biosynthesis inhibitor abiraterone. The purpose of this review is to provide an assessment of hormonal therapies for the various clinical states of prostate cancer. The advancement of today's standard of care will require an accounting of an individual's androgen physiology that also has recently recognized germline determinants of peripheral androgen metabolism, which include HSD3B1 inheritance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Desai
- Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey M McManus
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang R, Huang C, Xiao X, Zhou J. Improving Strategies in the Development of Protein-Downregulation-Based Antiandrogens. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2021-2033. [PMID: 33554455 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer (PCa), and its signaling pathway remains active in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. The resistance against antiandrogen drugs in current clinical use is a major challenge for the treatment of PCa, and thus the development of new generations of antiandrogens is under high demand. Recently, strategies for downregulating the AR have attracted significant attention, given its potential in the discovery and development of new antiandrogens, including G-quadruplex stabilizers, ROR-γ inhibitors, AR-targeting proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), and other selective AR degraders (SARDs), which are able to overcome current resistance mechanisms such as acquired AR mutations, the expression of AR variable splices, or overexpression of AR. This review summarizes the various strategies for downregulating the AR protein, at either the mRNA or protein level, thus providing new ideas for the development of promising antiandrogen drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, China.,Drug Development and Innovation Center, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Chenchao Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Xiaohui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, China.,Drug Development and Innovation Center, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Jinming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, China.,Drug Development and Innovation Center, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhou M, Zheng H, Li Y, Huang H, Min X, Dai S, Zhou W, Chen Z, Xu G, Chen Y. Discovery of a novel AR/HDAC6 dual inhibitor for prostate cancer treatment. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6982-6998. [PMID: 33621955 PMCID: PMC7993727 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) are important targets for cancer therapy. Given that both AR antagonists and HDAC6 inhibitors modulate AR signaling, a novel AR/HDAC6 dual inhibitor is investigated for its anticancer effects in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Zeta55 inhibits nuclear translocation of AR and suppresses androgen-induced PSA and TMPRSS2 expression. Meanwhile, Zeta55 selectively inhibits HDAC6 activity, leading to AR degradation. Zeta55 reduces the growth of AR-overexpressing VCaP prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in a CRPC xenograft model. These results provide preclinical proof of principle for Zeta55 as a promising therapeutic in prostate cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maojun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Center for Geriatrics Clinical Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yubin Li
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Center for Geriatrics Clinical Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Huichao Huang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Center for Geriatrics Clinical Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoli Min
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Center for Geriatrics Clinical Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shuyan Dai
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Center for Geriatrics Clinical Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | | | - Zhuchu Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Center for Geriatrics Clinical Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Guangyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Center for Geriatrics Clinical Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang A, Wang Y, Meng X, Yang Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thiohydantoin derivatives as potent androgen receptor antagonists for the treatment of prostate cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 31:115953. [PMID: 33388655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common malignancy in men worldwide. Here, two series of novel thiohydantoin derivatives of enzalutamide as potent androgen receptor (AR) antagonists were designed and synthesized. Among them, compound 31c was identified as an AR antagonist which is 2.3-fold more potent than enzalutamide. Molecular docking studies were performed to explain the improved potency of 31c at AR. In cell proliferation assays, 31c exhibited similar anti-proliferative activities with enzalutamide against hormone sensitive LNCaP cells and AR-overexpressing LNCaP/AR cells. These data indicate that 31c can be a good lead compound for further structure optimization for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yawan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yushe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Antunes IF, Dost RJ, Hoving HD, van Waarde A, Dierckx RAJO, Samplonius DF, Helfrich W, Elsinga PH, de Vries EFJ, de Jong IJ. Synthesis and Evaluation of 18F-Enzalutamide, a New Radioligand for PET Imaging of Androgen Receptors: A Comparison with 16β- 18F-Fluoro-5α-Dihydrotestosterone. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:1140-1145. [PMID: 33517325 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.253641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
16β-18F-fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone (18F-FDHT) is a radiopharmaceutical that has been investigated as a diagnostic agent for the assessment of androgen receptor (AR) density in prostate cancer using PET. However, 18F-FDHT is rapidly metabolized in humans and excreted via the kidneys into the urine, potentially compromising the detection of tumor lesions close to the prostate. Enzalutamide is an AR signaling inhibitor currently used in different stages of prostate cancer. Enzalutamide and its primary metabolite N-desmethylenzalutamide have an AR affinity comparable to that of FDHT but are excreted mainly via the hepatic route. Radiolabeled enzalutamide could thus be a suitable candidate PET tracer for AR imaging. Here, we describe the radiolabeling of enzalutamide with 18F. Moreover, the in vitro and in vivo behavior of 18F-enzalutamide was evaluated and compared with the current standard, 18F-FDHT. Methods: 18F-enzalutamide was obtained by fluorination of the nitro precursor. In vitro cellular uptake studies with 18F-enzalutamide and 18F-FDHT were performed in LNCaP (AR-positive) and HEK293 (AR-negative) cells. Competition assays with both tracers were conducted on the LNCaP (AR-positive) cell line. In vivo PET imaging, ex vivo biodistribution, and metabolite studies with 18F-enzalutamide and 18F-FDHT were conducted on athymic nude male mice bearing an LNCaP xenograft in the shoulder. Results: 18F-enzalutamide was obtained in 1.4% ± 0.9% radiochemical yield with an apparent molar activity of 6.2 ± 10.3 GBq/µmol. 18F-FDHT was obtained in 1.5% ± 0.8% yield with a molar activity of more than 25 GBq/µmol. Coincubation with an excess of 5α-dihydrotestosterone or enzalutamide significantly reduced the cellular uptake of 18F-enzalutamide and 18F-FDHT to about 50% in AR-positive LNCaP cells but not in AR-negative HEK293 cells. PET and biodistribution studies on male mice bearing a LnCaP xenograft showed about 3 times higher tumor uptake for 18F-enzalutamide than for 18F-FDHT. Sixty minutes after tracer injection, 93% of 18F-enzalutamide in plasma was still intact, compared with only 3% of 18F-FDHT. Conclusion: Despite its lower apparent molar activity, 18F-enzalutamide shows higher tumor uptake and better metabolic stability than 18F-FDHT and thus seems to have more favorable properties for imaging of AR with PET. However, further evaluation in other oncologic animal models and patients is warranted to confirm these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês F Antunes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Rutger J Dost
- Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Hilde D Hoving
- Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe F Samplonius
- Surgical Research Laboratory, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wijnand Helfrich
- Surgical Research Laboratory, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik F J de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Igle J de Jong
- Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang Z, Connolly PJ, Lim HK, Pande V, Meerpoel L, Teleha C, Branch JR, Ondrus J, Hickson I, Bush T, Luistro L, Packman K, Bischoff JR, Ibrahim S, Parrett C, Chong Y, Gottardis MM, Bignan G. Discovery of JNJ-63576253: A Clinical Stage Androgen Receptor Antagonist for F877L Mutant and Wild-Type Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC). J Med Chem 2021; 64:909-924. [PMID: 33470111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Persistent androgen receptor (AR) activation drives therapeutic resistance to second-generation AR pathway inhibitors and contributes to the progression of advanced prostate cancer. One resistance mechanism is point mutations in the ligand binding domain of AR that can transform antagonists into agonists. The AR F877L mutation, identified in patients treated with enzalutamide or apalutamide, confers resistance to both enzalutamide and apalutamide. Compound 4 (JNJ-pan-AR) was identified as a pan-AR antagonist with potent activity against wild-type and clinically relevant AR mutations including F877L. Metabolite identification studies revealed a latent bioactivation pathway associated with 4. Subsequent lead optimization of 4 led to amelioration of this pathway and nomination of 5 (JNJ-63576253) as a clinical stage, next-generation AR antagonist for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuming Zhang
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Peter J Connolly
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Heng Keang Lim
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Vineet Pande
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Lieven Meerpoel
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Christopher Teleha
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Jonathan R Branch
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Janine Ondrus
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Ian Hickson
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Tammy Bush
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Leopoldo Luistro
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Kathryn Packman
- Janssen Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - James R Bischoff
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Salam Ibrahim
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | | | - Yolanda Chong
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Marco M Gottardis
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Gilles Bignan
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Volkova TV, Drozd KV, Surov AO. Effect of polymers and cyclodextrins on solubility, permeability and distribution of enzalutamide and apalutamide antiandrogens. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
45
|
Lavaud P, Dumont C, Thibault C, Albiges L, Baciarello G, Colomba E, Flippot R, Fuerea A, Loriot Y, Fizazi K. Next-generation androgen receptor inhibitors in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920978134. [PMID: 33488778 PMCID: PMC7768840 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920978134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, continuing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and closely monitoring patients until evolution towards metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) were recommended in men with non-metastatic CRPC (nmCRPC). Because delaying the development of metastases and symptoms in these patients is a major issue, several trials have investigated next-generation androgen receptor (AR) axis inhibitors such as apalutamide, darolutamide, and enzalutamide in this setting. This review summarizes the recent advances in the management of nmCRPC, highlighting the favourable impact of next-generation AR inhibitors on metastases-free survival, overall survival and other clinically meaningful endpoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pernelle Lavaud
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Clément Dumont
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Constance Thibault
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Albiges
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Giulia Baciarello
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Emeline Colomba
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Ronan Flippot
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Alina Fuerea
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Yohann Loriot
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Karim Fizazi
- Department of Cancer Medicine, University of Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions: an insight into recent US FDA-approved drugs for prostate cancer. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:1647-1664. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction is a significant safety and efficiency concern as it results in considerable concentration changes. Drug–drug interactions are a substantial concern in anticancer drugs that possess a narrow therapeutic index. These interactions remain as the principal regulatory obstacle that can lead to termination in the preclinical stage, restrictions in the prescription, dosage adjustments or withdrawal of the drugs from the market. Drug metabolizing enzymes or transporters mediate the majority of clinically relevant drug interactions. Cancer diagnosed aged patients use multiple medications and are more prone to significant drug–drug interactions. This review provides detailed information on clinically relevant drug–drug interactions resulting from drug metabolism by enzymes and transporters with a particular emphasis on recent FDA approved antiprostate cancer drugs.
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Photoswitchable CAR-T Cell Function In Vitro and In Vivo via a Cleavable Mediator. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 28:60-69.e7. [PMID: 33113407 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-based therapeutics are a breakthrough in cancer treatment; however, they are hampered by constitutive activation, which leads to worrisome side effects. Engineering CAR-T cells to be as tightly controllable as possible remains a topic of ongoing investigation. Here, we report a photoswitchable approach that uses a mediator for the at-will regulation of CAR-T cells. This mediator carries dual folate and fluorescein isothiocyanate moieties tethered by an ortho-nitrobenzyl ester photocleavable linker. CAR-T cells were shown to be highly cytotoxic to targeted cells only in the presence of the mediator and acted in a dose-dependent manner. The toxicity of CAR-T cells can be rapidly terminated by cleavage of the mediator, and the effects of CAR-T cells can be activated again by resupplementation with the mediator without compromising tumor therapy. The approach described here provides a direction for enhancing the controllability of CAR-T cells and can likely be applied in other immunotherapies.
Collapse
|
49
|
Influence of particle size and manufacturing conditions on the recrystallization of amorphous Enzalutamide. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 153:105468. [PMID: 32679178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry was used to study the influences of particle size and mechanically induced defects on the recrystallization kinetics of amorphous Enzalutamide. Enzalutamide prepared by hot melt extrusion and spray-drying was used as a model material. The recrystallization rate was primarily accelerated by the presence of the processing-damaged surface of the powder particles. The actual surface/volume ratio associated with decreasing particle size fulfilled only a secondary role. Interestingly, higher quench rate during the extrusion led to a formation of thermally less stable material (with the worse stability being manifested via lower activation energy of crystal growth in the amorphous matrix). This can be the consequence of the formation of looser structure more prone to rearrangements. The recrystallization kinetics of the prepared Enzalutamide amorphous materials was described by the two-parameter autocatalytic kinetic model. The modified single-curve multivariate kinetic analysis (optimized for the data obtained at heating rate 0.5 °C•min-1) was used to calculate the extrapolated kinetic predictions of long-term isothermal crystal growth. The predictions were made for the temperatures from the range of drug shelf-life and processing for each particle size fraction. By the combination of the mass-weighted predictions for the individual powder fractions it was possible to obtain a very reasonable (temperature-extrapolated) prediction of the crystallization rate for the as-prepared unsieved powdered amorphous Enzalutamide.
Collapse
|
50
|
Chen L, Hao Y, Song H, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Wang Q. Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activities of Novel Spirooxindole Analogues Containing Hydantoin, Thiohydantoin, Urea, and Thiourea Moieties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10618-10625. [PMID: 32866373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the scaffolds widely used in drug design, a series of novel spirooxindole derivatives containing hydantoin, thiohydantoin, urea, and thiourea moieties have been designed, synthesized, characterized, and first evaluated for their biological activities. The diastereoselectivity mechanism is proposed, and the systematic conformational analysis is performed. The bioassay results show that the target compounds possess moderate to good antiviral activities against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), among which compound 22 shows the highest antiviral activity in vitro as well as inactivation, curative, and protection activities in vivo (45 ± 1, 47 ± 3, 50 ± 1, and 51 ± 1%, 500 mg/L, respectively), higher than ribavirin (38 ± 1, 36 ± 1, 38 ± 1, and 36 ± 1%, 500 mg/L, respectively). Thus, compound 22 is a promising candidate for anti-TMV development. Most of these compounds show broad-spectrum fungicidal activities against 14 kinds of phytopathogenic fungi and selective fungicidal activities against Physalospora piricola, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Rhizoctonia cerealis. Additionally, some of these compounds exhibit insecticidal activity against Culex pipiens pallens, Mythimna separata, Helicoverpa armigera, and Pyrausta nubilalis. Compound 17 exhibits the highest larvicidal activity (LC50 was 0.32 mg/L) against C. pipiens pallens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanke Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|