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Cáceres CJ, Angulo J, Contreras N, Pino K, Vera-Otarola J, López-Lastra M. Targeting deoxyhypusine hydroxylase activity impairs cap-independent translation initiation driven by the 5'untranslated region of the HIV-1, HTLV-1, and MMTV mRNAs. Antiviral Res 2016; 134:192-206. [PMID: 27633452 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Replication of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is dependent on eIF5A hypusination. Hypusine is formed post-translationally on the eIF5A precursor by two consecutive enzymatic steps; a reversible reaction involving the enzyme deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) and an irreversible step involving the enzyme deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). In this study we explored the effect of inhibiting DOHH activity and therefore eIF5A hypusination, on HIV-1 gene expression. Results show that the expression of proteins from an HIV-1 molecular clone is reduced when DOHH activity is inhibited by Deferiprone (DFP) or Ciclopirox (CPX). Next we evaluated the requirement of DOHH activity for internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated translation initiation driven by the 5'untranslated region (5'UTR) of the full length HIV-1 mRNA. Results show that HIV-1 IRES activity relies on DOHH protein concentration and enzymatic activity. Similar results were obtained for IRES-dependent translation initiation mediated by 5'UTR of the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) mRNAs. Interestingly, activity of the poliovirus IRES, was less sensitive to the targeting of DOHH suggesting that not all viral IRESs are equally dependent on the cellular concentration or the activity of DOHH. In summary we present evidence indicating that the cellular concentration of DOHH and its enzymatic activity play a role in HIV-1, HTLV-1 and MMTV IRES-mediated translation initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Joaquín Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jenniffer Angulo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nataly Contreras
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla Pino
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Vera-Otarola
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile.
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Zhai Q, He M, Song A, Deshayes K, Dixit VM, Carter PJ. Structural Analysis and Optimization of Context-Independent Anti-Hypusine Antibodies. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:603-617. [PMID: 26778617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Context-independent anti-hypusine antibodies that bind to the post-translational modification (PTM), hypusine, with minimal dependence on flanking amino acid sequences, were identified. The antibodies bind to both hypusine and deoxyhypusine or selectively to hypusine but not to deoxyhypusine. Phage display was used to further enhance the affinity of the antibodies. Affinity maturation of these anti-hypusine antibodies improved their performance in affinity capture of the only currently known hypusinated protein, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A. These anti-hypusine antibodies may have utility in the identification of novel hypusinated proteins. Crystal structures of the corresponding Fab fragments were determined in complex with hypusine- or deoxyhypusine-containing peptides. The hypusine or deoxyhypusine moiety was found to reside in a deep pocket formed between VH and VL domains of the Fab fragments. Interaction between the antibodies and hypusine includes an extensive hydrogen bond network. These are, to our knowledge, the first reported structures of context-independent anti-PTM antibodies in complex with the corresponding PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Zhai
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Meng He
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Aimin Song
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kurt Deshayes
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Vishva M Dixit
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Paul J Carter
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Song A, Tom J, Yu Z, Pham V, Tan D, Zhang D, Fang G, Yu T, Deshayes K. Development of Orthogonally Protected Hypusine for Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. J Org Chem 2015; 80:3677-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Song
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeffrey Tom
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Zhiyong Yu
- International Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao
Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Victoria Pham
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dajin Tan
- International Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao
Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Dengxiong Zhang
- International Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao
Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Guoyong Fang
- Center for Peptide Service, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao
Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Center for Peptide Service, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao
Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Kurt Deshayes
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Belda-Palazón B, Nohales MA, Rambla JL, Aceña JL, Delgado O, Fustero S, Martínez MC, Granell A, Carbonell J, Ferrando A. Biochemical quantitation of the eIF5A hypusination in Arabidopsis thaliana uncovers ABA-dependent regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:202. [PMID: 24904603 PMCID: PMC4032925 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The eukaryotic translation elongation factor eIF5A is the only protein known to contain the unusual amino acid hypusine which is essential for its biological activity. This post-translational modification is achieved by the sequential action of the enzymes deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). The crucial molecular function of eIF5A during translation has been recently elucidated in yeast and it is expected to be fully conserved in every eukaryotic cell, however the functional description of this pathway in plants is still sparse. The genetic approaches with transgenic plants for either eIF5A overexpression or antisense have revealed some activities related to the control of cell death processes but the molecular details remain to be characterized. One important aspect of fully understanding this pathway is the biochemical description of the hypusine modification system. Here we have used recombinant eIF5A proteins either modified by hypusination or non-modified to establish a bi-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-E) profile for the three eIF5A protein isoforms and their hypusinated or unmodified proteoforms present in Arabidopsis thaliana. The combined use of the recombinant 2D-E profile together with 2D-E/western blot analysis from whole plant extracts has provided a quantitative approach to measure the hypusination status of eIF5A. We have used this information to demonstrate that treatment with the hormone abscisic acid produces an alteration of the hypusine modification system in Arabidopsis thaliana. Overall this study presents the first biochemical description of the post-translational modification of eIF5A by hypusination which will be functionally relevant for future studies related to the characterization of this pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Belda-Palazón
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - María A. Nohales
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - José L. Rambla
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - José L. Aceña
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe FelipeValencia, Spain
| | - Oscar Delgado
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe FelipeValencia, Spain
| | - Santos Fustero
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe FelipeValencia, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Martínez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - Juan Carbonell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ferrando
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Alejandro Ferrando, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, C/Ingeniero Fausto Elio, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain e-mail:
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Nishiki Y, Farb TB, Friedrich J, Bokvist K, Mirmira RG, Maier B. Characterization of a novel polyclonal anti-hypusine antibody. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:421. [PMID: 24024105 PMCID: PMC3765601 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The translation factor eIF5A is the only protein known to contain the amino acid hypusine, which is formed posttranslationally. Hypusinated eIF5A is necessary for cellular proliferation and responses to extracellular stressors, and has been proposed as a target for pharmacologic therapy. Here, we provide the first comprehensive characterization of a novel polyclonal antibody (IU-88) that specifically recognizes the hypusinated eIF5A. IU-88 will be useful for the investigation of eIF5A biology and for the development of assays recognizing hypusinated eIF5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurika Nishiki
- Departments of Medicine, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
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Bergeron RJ, Bharti N, Singh S, McManis JS, Wiegand J, Green LG. Vibriobactin antibodies: a vaccine strategy. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3801-13. [PMID: 19492834 DOI: 10.1021/jm900119q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new target strategy in the development of bacterial vaccines, the induction of antibodies to microbial outer membrane ferrisiderophore complexes, is explored. A vibriobactin (VIB) analogue, with a thiol tether, 1-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-5,9-bis[[(4S,5R)-2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-4-oxazolyl]carbonyl]-14-(3-mercaptopropanoyl)-1,5,9,14-tetraazatetradecane, was synthesized and linked to ovalbumin (OVA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The antigenicity of the VIB microbial iron chelator conjugates and their iron complexes was evaluated. When mice were immunized with the resulting OVA-VIB conjugate, a selective and unequivocal antigenic response to the VIB hapten was observed; IgG monoclonal antibodies specific to the vibriobactin fragment of the BSA and OVA conjugates were isolated. The results are consistent with the idea that the isolated adducts of siderophores covalently linked to their bacterial outer membrane receptors represent a credible target for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Bergeron
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0485, USA.
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Abstract
In this review we present a broad survey of fundamental scientific and medically applied studies on keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Commencing with the biochemistry of KLH, information on the biosynthesis and biological role of this copper-containing respiratory protein in the marine gastropod Megathura crenulata is provided. The established methods for the purification of the two isoforms of KLH (KLH1 and KLH2) are then covered, followed by detailed accounts of the molecular mass determination, functional unit (FU) structure, carbohydrate content, immunological analysis and recent aspects of the molecular genetics of KLH. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) has contributed significantly to the understanding of KLH structure, primarily from negatively stained images. We give a brief account of TEM studies on the native KLH oligomers, the experimental manipulation of the oligomeric states, together with immunolabelling data and studies on subunit reassociation. The field of cellular immunology has provided much relevant biomedical information on KLH and has led to the expansion of use of KLH in experimental immunology and clinically as an immunotherapeutic agent; this area is presented in some detail. The major clinical use of KLH is specifically for the treatment of bladder carcinoma, with efficacy probably due to a cross-reacting carbohydrate epitope. KLH also has considerable possibilities for the treatment of other carcinomas, in particular the epithelially derived adenocarciomas, when used as a carrier for carcinoma ganglioside and mucin-like epitopes. The widespread use of KLH as a hapten carrier and generalised vaccine component represent other major on-going aspects of KLH research, together with its use for the diagnosis of Schistosomiasis, drug assay and the treatment of drug addiction. Immune competence testing, assessment of stress and the understanding of inflammatory conditions are other areas where KLH is also making a useful contribution to medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Harris
- Institute of Zoology, University of Mainz, Germany.
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