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Fuentes Y, Olguín V, López-Ulloa B, Mendonça D, Ramos H, Abdalla A, Guajardo-Contreras G, Niu M, Rojas-Araya B, Mouland A, López-Lastra M. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K promotes cap-independent translation initiation of retroviral mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:2625-2647. [PMID: 38165048 PMCID: PMC10954487 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Translation initiation of the human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) genomic mRNA (vRNA) is cap-dependent or mediated by an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). The HIV-1 IRES requires IRES-transacting factors (ITAFs) for function. In this study, we evaluated the role of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) as a potential ITAF for the HIV-1 IRES. In HIV-1-expressing cells, the depletion of hnRNPK reduced HIV-1 vRNA translation. Furthermore, both the depletion and overexpression of hnRNPK modulated HIV-1 IRES activity. Phosphorylations and protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1)-induced asymmetrical dimethylation (aDMA) of hnRNPK strongly impacted the protein's ability to promote the activity of the HIV-1 IRES. We also show that hnRNPK acts as an ITAF for the human T cell lymphotropic virus-type 1 (HTLV-1) IRES, present in the 5'UTR of the viral sense mRNA, but not for the IRES present in the antisense spliced transcript encoding the HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper protein (sHBZ). This study provides evidence for a novel role of the host hnRNPK as an ITAF that stimulates IRES-mediated translation initiation for the retroviruses HIV-1 and HTLV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmín Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Olguín
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Brenda López-Ulloa
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dafne Mendonça
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hade Ramos
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Luiza Abdalla
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Gabriel Guajardo-Contreras
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Meijuan Niu
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Barbara Rojas-Araya
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew J Mouland
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
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2
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Angulo J, Cáceres CJ, Contreras N, Fernández-García L, Chamond N, Ameur M, Sargueil B, López-Lastra M. Polypyrimidine-Tract-Binding Protein Isoforms Differentially Regulate the Hepatitis C Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site. Viruses 2022; 15:8. [PMID: 36680049 PMCID: PMC9864772 DOI: 10.3390/v15010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation initiation of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) mRNA depends on an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that encompasses most of the 5'UTR and includes nucleotides of the core coding region. This study shows that the polypyrimidine-tract-binding protein (PTB), an RNA-binding protein with four RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), binds to the HCV 5'UTR, stimulating its IRES activity. There are three isoforms of PTB: PTB1, PTB2, and PTB4. Our results show that PTB1 and PTB4, but not PTB2, stimulate HCV IRES activity in HuH-7 and HEK293T cells. In HuH-7 cells, PTB1 promotes HCV IRES-mediated initiation more strongly than PTB4. Mutations in PTB1, PTB4, RRM1/RRM2, or RRM3/RRM4, which disrupt the RRM's ability to bind RNA, abrogated the protein's capacity to stimulate HCV IRES activity in HuH-7 cells. In HEK293T cells, PTB1 and PTB4 stimulate HCV IRES activity to similar levels. In HEK293T cells, mutations in RRM1/RRM2 did not impact PTB1's ability to promote HCV IRES activity; and mutations in PTB1 RRM3/RRM4 domains reduced, but did not abolish, the protein's capacity to stimulate HCV IRES activity. In HEK293T cells, mutations in PTB4 RRM1/RRM2 abrogated the protein's ability to promote HCV IRES activity, and mutations in RRM3/RRM4 have no impact on PTB4 ability to enhance HCV IRES activity. Therefore, PTB1 and PTB4 differentially stimulate the IRES activity in a cell type-specific manner. We conclude that PTB1 and PTB4, but not PTB2, act as IRES transacting factors of the HCV IRES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenniffer Angulo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7501015, Chile
| | - C. Joaquín Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Nataly Contreras
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago 7500975, Chile
| | - Leandro Fernández-García
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Nathalie Chamond
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8038, Laboratoire CiTCoM, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Melissa Ameur
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8038, Laboratoire CiTCoM, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Sargueil
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8038, Laboratoire CiTCoM, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
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López-Lastra M, Parissi V, Darlix JL. Simon Litvak (1942-2022). Retrovirology 2022; 19:8. [PMID: 35590338 PMCID: PMC9118854 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-022-00595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Vincent Parissi
- MFP UMR 5234 Université de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Luc Darlix
- UMR 7021 CNRS, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France.
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Ramos H, Monette A, Niu M, Barrera A, López-Ulloa B, Fuentes Y, Guizar P, Pino K, DesGroseillers L, Mouland A, López-Lastra M. The double-stranded RNA-binding protein, Staufen1, is an IRES-transacting factor regulating HIV-1 cap-independent translation initiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:411-429. [PMID: 34893869 PMCID: PMC8754648 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Translation initiation of the viral genomic mRNA (vRNA) of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) can be mediated by a cap- or an internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent mechanism. A previous report shows that Staufen1, a cellular double-stranded (ds) RNA-binding protein (RBP), binds to the 5'untranslated region (5'UTR) of the HIV-1 vRNA and promotes its cap-dependent translation. In this study, we now evaluate the role of Staufen1 as an HIV-1 IRES-transacting factor (ITAF). We first confirm that Staufen1 associates with both the HIV-1 vRNA and the Gag protein during HIV-1 replication. We found that in HIV-1-expressing cells, siRNA-mediated depletion of Staufen1 reduces HIV-1 vRNA translation. Using dual-luciferase bicistronic mRNAs, we show that the siRNA-mediated depletion and cDNA-mediated overexpression of Staufen1 acutely regulates HIV-1 IRES activity. Furthermore, we show that Staufen1-vRNA interaction is required for the enhancement of HIV-1 IRES activity. Interestingly, we find that only Staufen1 harboring an intact dsRNA-binding domain 3 (dsRBD3) rescues HIV-1 IRES activity in Staufen1 CRISPR-Cas9 gene edited cells. Finally, we show that the expression of Staufen1-dsRBD3 alone enhances HIV-1 IRES activity. This study provides evidence of a novel role for Staufen1 as an ITAF promoting HIV-1 vRNA IRES activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hade Ramos
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anne Monette
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Meijuan Niu
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Aldo Barrera
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Brenda López-Ulloa
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yazmín Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Guizar
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Karla Pino
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luc DesGroseillers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre Ville, Montreal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mouland
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
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5
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Ramos H, Monette A, Niu M, Barrera A, López-Ulloa B, Fuentes Y, Guizar P, Pino K, DesGroseillers L, Mouland AJ, López-Lastra M. Correction to 'The double-stranded RNA-binding protein, Staufen1, is an IRES-transacting factor regulating HIV-1 cap-independent translation initiation'. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 50:599-600. [PMID: 34908137 PMCID: PMC8754634 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hade Ramos
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catóolica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anne Monette
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Meijuan Niu
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Aldo Barrera
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catóolica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Brenda López-Ulloa
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catóolica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yazmín Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catóolica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Guizar
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Karla Pino
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catóolica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luc DesGroseillers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre Ville, Montreal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mouland
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catóolica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
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6
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Fuster F, Peirano F, Vargas JI, Zamora FX, López-Lastra M, Núñez R, Soza J, González K, Estay D, Barchiesi B, Fuster A, López I, Utrera N, Landeros J, Chandía J, Paredes A, Reyes D, Arias R, Padilla L, Suárez H, Farcas K, Cannistra M, Muñoz G, Rodríguez I, Ormazábal I, Cortés J, Cornejo B, Manzur F, Reyes A, Leiva V, Raimann MV, Arrau C, Cox V, Soza A. Infectious and non-infectious diseases burden among Haitian immigrants in Chile: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22275. [PMID: 33335156 PMCID: PMC7747628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chile has become a popular destination for migrants from South America and the Caribbean (low- and middle-income countries migration). Close to 200.000 Haitian migrants have arrived in Chile. Infectious and non-infectious disease burden among the Haitian adult population living in Chile is unknown. This study aimed to acquire the basic health information (selected transmissible and non-transmissible conditions) of the Haitian adult population living in Chile. A cross-sectional survey was performed, inviting Haitian-born residents in Chile older than 18 years old. Common conditions and risk factors for disease were assessed, as well as selected transmissible conditions (HIV, HBV, and HCV). 498 participants (60.4% female) from 10 communities in two regions of Chile were surveyed. Most subjects had never smoked (91.5%), and 80% drank less than one alcohol unit per month. The mean BMI was 25.6, with 45% of participants having a normal BMI (20–25). Hypertension was present in 31.5% (33% in the 25–44 age group). Prevalence of HIV was 2.4% (95 CI 1.3–4.2%), hepatitis B (HBsAg positive) was 3.4% (95 CI 2.1–5.5%), and hepatitis C was 0% (95 CI 0.0–0.9%). Quality of life showed a significant prevalence of depression and anxiety markers, particularly in those arriving in Chile less than 1 year ago. Low prevalence of obesity, diabetes, smoking, and drinking and estimated cardiovascular risk were found. Nonetheless, hypertension at a younger age, disproportionately higher prevalence of HIV and HBV infection and frequent markers of anxiety and depression were also found. Public policies for detecting and treating hypertension, HIV, and HBV screening, offering HBV vaccination, and organizing mental health programs for Haitian immigrants, are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Fuster
- Hepatology Unit. Hospital Gustavo Fricke. Viña del Mar, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Felipe Peirano
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - José Ignacio Vargas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, of. 423, 8330077, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Xavier Zamora
- Department of Infectology. Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia. Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica. Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ruth Núñez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, of. 423, 8330077, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jacinta Soza
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, of. 423, 8330077, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Denisse Estay
- Hepatology Unit. Hospital Gustavo Fricke. Viña del Mar, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | | | - Ignacia López
- School of Medicine, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Utrera
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jorge Landeros
- School of Medicine. Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Chandía
- School of Medicine. Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angela Paredes
- School of Medicine. Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Reyes
- School of Medicine. Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Arias
- School of Medicine. Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Padilla
- School of Medicine. Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hernán Suárez
- School of Medicine. Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katia Farcas
- School of Medicine. Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Cannistra
- School of Medicine. Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Geraldine Muñoz
- School of Medicine. Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Rodríguez
- School of Medicine. Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ivana Ormazábal
- School of Medicine. Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josefina Cortés
- School of Medicine. Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara Cornejo
- School of Medicine. Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Franco Manzur
- School of Medicine. Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonia Reyes
- School of Medicine. Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente Leiva
- School of Medicine. Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Catalina Arrau
- School of Medicine, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Cox
- School of Medicine. Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Soza
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, of. 423, 8330077, Santiago, Chile.
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7
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Barrera A, Ramos H, Vera-Otarola J, Fernández-García L, Angulo J, Olguín V, Pino K, Mouland AJ, López-Lastra M. Post-translational modifications of hnRNP A1 differentially modulate retroviral IRES-mediated translation initiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:10479-10499. [PMID: 32960212 PMCID: PMC7544202 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The full-length mRNAs of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1), and the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) harbor IRESs. The activity of the retroviral-IRESs requires IRES-transacting factors (ITAFs), being hnRNP A1, a known ITAF for the HIV-1 IRES. In this study, we show that hnRNP A1 is also an ITAF for the HTLV-1 and MMTV IRESs. The MMTV IRES proved to be more responsive to hnRNP A1 than either the HTLV-1 or the HIV-1 IRESs. The impact of post-translational modifications of hnRNP A1 on HIV-1, HTLV-1 and MMTV IRES activity was also assessed. Results show that the HIV-1 and HTLV-1 IRESs were equally responsive to hnRNP A1 and its phosphorylation mutants S4A/S6A, S4D/S6D and S199A/D. However, the S4D/S6D mutant stimulated the activity from the MMTV-IRES to levels significantly higher than the wild type hnRNP A1. PRMT5-induced symmetrical di-methylation of arginine residues of hnRNP A1 enabled the ITAF to stimulate the HIV-1 and HTLV-1 IRESs while reducing the stimulatory ability of the ITAF over the MMTV IRES. We conclude that retroviral IRES activity is not only dependent on the recruited ITAFs but also relies on how these proteins are modified at the post-translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Barrera
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hade Ramos
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Vera-Otarola
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leandro Fernández-García
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jenniffer Angulo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Olguín
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla Pino
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew J Mouland
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
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Barrera A, Olguín V, Vera-Otarola J, López-Lastra M. Cap-independent translation initiation of the unspliced RNA of retroviruses. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2020; 1863:194583. [PMID: 32450258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Retroviruses are a unique family of RNA viruses that utilize a virally encoded reverse transcriptase (RT) to replicate their genomic RNA (gRNA) through a proviral DNA intermediate. The provirus is permanently integrated into the host cell chromosome and is expressed by the host cell transcription, RNA processing, and translation machinery. Retroviral messenger RNAs (mRNAs) entirely resemble a cellular mRNA as they have a 5'cap structure, 5'untranslated region (UTR), an open reading frame (ORF), 3'UTR, and a 3'poly(A) tail. The primary transcription product interacts with the cellular RNA processing machinery and is spliced, exported to the cytoplasm, and translated. However, a proportion of the pre-mRNA subverts typical RNA processing giving rise to the full-length RNA. In the cytoplasm, the full-length retroviral RNA fulfills a dual role acting as mRNA and as the gRNA. Simple retroviruses generate two pools of full-length RNA, one for each purpose. However, complex retroviruses have a single pool of full-length RNA, which is destined for translation or encapsidation. As for eukaryotic mRNAs, translational control of retroviral protein synthesis is mostly exerted at the step of initiation. Interestingly, some retroviral mRNAs, both simple and complex, use a dual mechanism to initiate protein synthesis, a cap-dependent initiation mechanism, or via internal initiation using an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). In this review, we describe and discuss data regarding the molecular mechanism driving the canonical cap-dependent and IRES-mediated translation initiation for retroviral mRNA, focusing the discussion mainly on the most studied retroviral mRNA, the HIV-1 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Barrera
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Olguín
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Vera-Otarola
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile.
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Astudillo P, Angulo J, Pino K, de Carvalho JB, de Morais GL, Perez S, de Vasconcelos ATR, Ferrés M, López-Lastra M. Correlation between female sex, IL28B genotype, and the clinical severity of bronchiolitis in pediatric patients. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:785-795. [PMID: 31645053 PMCID: PMC7086532 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that impact on the differential expression of interleukin 28B (IL28B) are implicated in the progression of viral-induced diseases. In this prospective longitudinal cohort study, we evaluated the association between IL28B SNPs rs12979860 and rs8099917 and the clinical outcome of bronchiolitis in pediatric patients. METHODS A total of 682 infants suffering from bronchiolitis, categorized based on the final clinical outcome as mild or severe, were genotyped for IL28B SNPs rs12979860 and rs8099917. RESULTS When infants were categorized exclusively based on the final clinical outcome, no association was established between IL28B SNPs and the severity of bronchiolitis. However, when stratified by sex, the homozygotes for the minor alleles of rs12979860 (T) and rs8099917 (G) were associated with a mild disease in girls but not in boys. CONCLUSION SNPs rs12979860 and rs8099917 correlate with the severity of bronchiolitis and display a sex bias, where GG rs8099917 and TT rs12979860 genotypes are associated with a mild disease in girls but not in boys. These findings suggest that innate immunity and female sex links with the outcome of the diseases induced by respiratory viruses, such as RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Astudillo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jenniffer Angulo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla Pino
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joseane Biso de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, National Laboratory for Scientific Computing, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Loss de Morais
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, National Laboratory for Scientific Computing, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sebastián Perez
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Marcela Ferrés
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Cáceres CJ, Angulo J, Lowy F, Contreras N, Walters B, Olivares E, Allouche D, Merviel A, Pino K, Sargueil B, Thompson SR, López-Lastra M. Non-canonical translation initiation of the spliced mRNA encoding the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 basic leucine zipper protein. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:11030-11047. [PMID: 30215750 PMCID: PMC6237760 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). The HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper protein (HBZ) is expressed in all cases of ATL and is directly associated with virus pathogenicity. The two isoforms of the HBZ protein are synthesized from antisense messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that are either spliced (sHBZ) or unspliced (usHBZ) versions of the HBZ transcript. The sHBZ and usHBZ mRNAs have entirely different 5′untranslated regions (5′UTR) and are differentially expressed in cells, with the sHBZ protein being more abundant. Here, we show that differential expression of the HBZ isoforms is regulated at the translational level. Translation initiation of the usHBZ mRNA relies on a cap-dependent mechanism, while the sHBZ mRNA uses internal initiation. Based on the structural data for the sHBZ 5′UTR generated by SHAPE in combination with 5′ and 3′ deletion mutants, the minimal region harboring IRES activity was mapped to the 5′end of the sHBZ mRNA. In addition, the sHBZ IRES recruited the 40S ribosomal subunit upstream of the initiation codon, and IRES activity was found to be dependent on the ribosomal protein eS25 and eIF5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Joaquín Cáceres
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jenniffer Angulo
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Lowy
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nataly Contreras
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beth Walters
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA
| | - Eduardo Olivares
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Delphine Allouche
- CNRS UMR 8015, Laboratoire de cristallographie et RMN Biologique, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Anne Merviel
- CNRS UMR 8015, Laboratoire de cristallographie et RMN Biologique, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Karla Pino
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruno Sargueil
- CNRS UMR 8015, Laboratoire de cristallographie et RMN Biologique, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Sunnie R Thompson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
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Cáceres CJ, Angulo J, Lowy F, Contreras N, Walters B, Olivares E, Allouche D, Merviel A, Pino K, Sargueil B, Thompson SR, López-Lastra M. Non-canonical translation initiation of the spliced mRNA encoding the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 basic leucine zipper protein. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:1599. [PMID: 30566619 PMCID: PMC6379711 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Joaquín Cáceres
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jenniffer Angulo
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Lowy
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nataly Contreras
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beth Walters
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA
| | - Eduardo Olivares
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Delphine Allouche
- CNRS UMR 8015, Laboratoire de cristallographie et RMN Biologique, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Anne Merviel
- CNRS UMR 8015, Laboratoire de cristallographie et RMN Biologique, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Karla Pino
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruno Sargueil
- CNRS UMR 8015, Laboratoire de cristallographie et RMN Biologique, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Sunnie R Thompson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
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Echeverría N, Chiodi D, López P, Sanchez Ciceron A, Angulo J, López-Lastra M, Silvera P, Canavesi A, Bianchi C, Colistro V, Cristina J, Hernandez N, Moreno P. IL28B gene polymorphism rs12979860, but not rs8099917, contributes to the occurrence of chronic HCV infection in Uruguayan patients. Virol J 2018; 15:40. [PMID: 29499724 PMCID: PMC5833045 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-0946-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the interleukin 28B (IL28B) locus are associated with sustained virological response to antiviral therapy and with spontaneous Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) clearance. Prevalence of these SNPs varies depending on ethnicity. The impact of IL28B SNPs in HCV-infected patients is currently unknown in Uruguay. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the distribution of polymorphisms in the IL28B gene (rs12979860 and rs8099917) among HCV-infected patients and healthy individuals in Uruguay and thus assess their possible association with the establishment of HCV infection. METHODS DNA was recovered from 92 non-infected individuals and 78 HCV-infected patients and SNPs were determined by RFLP and allelic discrimination by real-time PCR. RESULTS The distribution of rs12979860 genotypes for the infected population was 29.5%-CC, 47.4%-CT and 23.1%-TT and for the control group 45.7%, 42.4% and 11.9%, respectively. Prevalence in both infected and uninfected individuals is similar to that reported in other countries with admixed populations. The distribution of rs8099917 genotypes for the infected population was 57.7%-TT, 27.2%-TG and 14.1%-GG and for the control group 60.9%, 33.7% and 5.4%, respectively. The comparison of rs12979860 genotype distribution between the two populations evidenced a higher prevalence of the favourable genotype (CC) in the uninfected control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, results generated using logistic regression analysis show that individuals carrying rs12979860-TT or CT genotypes have a higher likelihood of developing chronic hepatitis upon infection with HCV, when compared to CC carriers, considering rs8099917 genotype as constant. CONCLUSION Patients with HCV infection have a statistically significant lower prevalence of the favourable rs12979860 genotype when compared to uninfected individuals; therefore we can establish that only IL28B rs12979860-CT and TT genotypes seem to contribute to the occurrence of chronic HCV infection in the cohort of Uruguayan population studied. Considering that a trend towards a higher frequency of "good" response genotypes was observed in responder patients, we believe that IL28B rs12979860 genotyping could be a useful tool for predicting different therapies outcome, including in the DAA era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Echeverría
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 2055 Montevideo, Mataojo Uruguay
| | - Daniela Chiodi
- Clínica de Gastroenterología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo López
- Departamento de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adriana Sanchez Ciceron
- Clínica de Gastroenterología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jenniffer Angulo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Silvera
- Departamento de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adrian Canavesi
- Clínica de Gastroenterología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Valentina Colistro
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan Cristina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 2055 Montevideo, Mataojo Uruguay
| | - Nelia Hernandez
- Clínica de Gastroenterología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pilar Moreno
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 2055 Montevideo, Mataojo Uruguay
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Urra S, Fischer MC, Martínez JR, Véliz L, Orellana P, Solar A, Bohmwald K, Kalergis A, Riedel C, Corvalán AH, Roa JC, Fuentealba R, Cáceres CJ, López-Lastra M, León A, Droppelmann N, González HE. Differential expression profile of CXCR3 splicing variants is associated with thyroid neoplasia. Potential role in papillary thyroid carcinoma oncogenesis? Oncotarget 2017; 9:2445-2467. [PMID: 29416784 PMCID: PMC5788652 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most prevalent endocrine neoplasia. The increased incidence of PTC in patients with thyroiditis and the frequent immune infiltrate found in PTC suggest that inflammation might be a risk factor for PTC development. The CXCR3-ligand system is involved in thyroid inflammation and CXCR3 has been found upregulated in many tumors, suggesting its pro-tumorigenic role under the inflammatory microenvironment. CXCR3 ligands (CXCL4, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11) trigger antagonistic responses partly due to the presence of two splice variants, CXCR3A and CXCR3B. Whereas CXCR3A promotes cell proliferation, CXCR3B induces apoptosis. However, the relation between CXCR3 variant expression with chronic inflammation and PTC development remains unknown. Here, we characterized the expression pattern of CXCR3 variants and their ligands in benign tumors and PTC. We found that CXCR3A and CXCL10 mRNA levels were increased in non-metastatic PTC when compared to non-neoplastic tissue. This increment was also observed in a PTC epithelial cell line (TPC-1). Although elevated protein levels of both isoforms were detected in benign and malignant tumors, the CXCR3A expression remained greater than CXCR3B and promoted proliferation in Nthy-ori-3-1 cells. In non-metastatic PTC, inflammation was conditioning for the CXCR3 ligands increased availability. Consistently, CXCL10 was strongly induced by interferon gamma in normal and tumor thyrocytes. Our results suggest that persistent inflammation upregulates CXCL10 expression favoring tumor development via enhanced CXCR3A-CXCL10 signaling. These findings may help to further understand the contribution of inflammation as a risk factor in PTC development and set the basis for potential therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Urra
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martin C Fischer
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José R Martínez
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreto Véliz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Orellana
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonieta Solar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Riedel
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro H Corvalán
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Roa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Fuentealba
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Joaquin Cáceres
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Augusto León
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Droppelmann
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hernán E González
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Angulo J, Martínez-Valdebenito C, Marco C, Galeno H, Villagra E, Vera L, Lagos N, Becerra N, Mora J, Bermúdez A, Díaz J, Ferrés M, López-Lastra M. Serum levels of interleukin-6 are linked to the severity of the disease caused by Andes Virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005757. [PMID: 28708900 PMCID: PMC5529019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Andes virus (ANDV) is the etiological agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in Chile. In this study, we evaluated the profile of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-12p70, IL-21, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-6 in serum samples of ANDV-infected patients at the time of hospitalization. The mean levels of circulating cytokines were determined by a Bead-Based Multiplex assay coupled with Luminex detection technology, in order to compare 43 serum samples of healthy controls and 43 samples of ANDV-infected patients that had been categorized according to the severity of disease. When compared to the controls, no significant differences in IL-1β concentration were observed in ANDV-infected patients (p = 0.9672), whereas levels of IL-12p70 and IL-21 were significantly lower in infected cases (p = <0.0001). Significantly elevated levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-6 were detected in ANDV-infected individuals (p = <0.0001, 0.0036, <0.0001, <0.0001, respectively). Notably, IL-6 levels were significantly higher (40-fold) in the 22 patients with severe symptoms compared to the 21 individuals with mild symptoms (p = <0.0001). Using multivariate regression models, we show that IL-6 levels has a crude OR of 14.4 (CI: 3.3–63.1). In conclusion, the serum level of IL-6 is a significant predictor of the severity of the clinical outcome of ANDV-induced disease. Andes virus (ANDV) causes hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) that is characterized by the development of vascular leakage syndrome, eventually leading to massive pulmonary edema, shock and, in many cases, death. To date, no FDA-approved immunotherapeutics, specific antivirals, or vaccines are available for use against HCPS. Patient survival rates hinge largely on early virus diagnosis, hospital admission and aggressive pulmonary and hemodynamic support in an intensive care unit. Individual host factors associated with the outcome of an ANDV infection are poorly known, and such knowledge could allow the disease progression of hospitalized patients to be predicted, resulting in individualized treatment. In this study, we show that serum levels of IL-6 at the time of hospitalization in ANDV-infected patients are associated with the severity of the clinical outcome of ANDV-induced disease. Therefore, these finding suggest that determining IL-6 levels at the time of admission to the hospital could be useful to predict the progression of ANDV-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenniffer Angulo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia (IMII), Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Martínez-Valdebenito
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Marco
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor Galeno
- Subdepartamento de Virología Clínica, Departamento Laboratorio Biomédico Nacional y de Referencia, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eliecer Villagra
- Subdepartamento de Virología Clínica, Departamento Laboratorio Biomédico Nacional y de Referencia, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Vera
- Subdepartamento de Virología Clínica, Departamento Laboratorio Biomédico Nacional y de Referencia, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Lagos
- Subdepartamento de Virología Clínica, Departamento Laboratorio Biomédico Nacional y de Referencia, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Becerra
- Subdepartamento de Virología Clínica, Departamento Laboratorio Biomédico Nacional y de Referencia, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Judith Mora
- Subdepartamento de Virología Clínica, Departamento Laboratorio Biomédico Nacional y de Referencia, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Bermúdez
- Departamento de Asuntos Científicos, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Janepsy Díaz
- Departamento de Asuntos Científicos, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Ferrés
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia (IMII), Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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15
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Monrroy H, Angulo J, Pino K, Labbé P, Miquel JF, López-Lastra M, Soza A. Detection of high biliary and fecal viral loads in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 40:339-347. [PMID: 28249699 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The life cycle of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is closely associated with lipid metabolism. Recently, NPC1L1 (a cholesterol transporter) has been reported to function as an HCV receptor. This receptor is expressed in the hepatocyte canalicular membrane and in the intestine; serving as a key transporter for the cholesterol enterohepatic cycle. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that HCV might have a similar cycle, so we aimed to study the presence of HCV in bile and stools of infected patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood, feces, and duodenal bile samples were collected from patients infected with HCV. The biliary viral load was normalized to the bile salt concentration of each sample and the presence of HCV core protein was also evaluated. A total of 12 patients were recruited. HCV RNA was detected in the bile from ten patients. RESULTS The mean viral load was 2.5log10IU/60mg bile salt. In the stool samples, HCV RNA was detected in ten patients (mean concentration 2.7log10IU/g of feces). CONCLUSIONS HCV RNA is readily detectable and is present at relatively high concentrations in the bile and stool samples of infected patients. This may be relevant as a source of infection in men who have sex with men. Biliary HCV secretion may perhaps play a role in the persistence of viral infection via an enterohepatic cycle of the virus or intrahepatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Monrroy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Jenniffer Angulo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Karla Pino
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Pilar Labbé
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Alejandro Soza
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
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16
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Cáceres CJ, Angulo J, Contreras N, Pino K, Vera-Otarola J, López-Lastra M. Targeting deoxyhypusine hydroxylase activity impairs cap-independent translation initiation driven by the 5'untranslated region of the HIV-1, HTLV-1, and MMTV mRNAs. Antiviral Res 2016; 134:192-206. [PMID: 27633452 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Replication of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is dependent on eIF5A hypusination. Hypusine is formed post-translationally on the eIF5A precursor by two consecutive enzymatic steps; a reversible reaction involving the enzyme deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) and an irreversible step involving the enzyme deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). In this study we explored the effect of inhibiting DOHH activity and therefore eIF5A hypusination, on HIV-1 gene expression. Results show that the expression of proteins from an HIV-1 molecular clone is reduced when DOHH activity is inhibited by Deferiprone (DFP) or Ciclopirox (CPX). Next we evaluated the requirement of DOHH activity for internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated translation initiation driven by the 5'untranslated region (5'UTR) of the full length HIV-1 mRNA. Results show that HIV-1 IRES activity relies on DOHH protein concentration and enzymatic activity. Similar results were obtained for IRES-dependent translation initiation mediated by 5'UTR of the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) mRNAs. Interestingly, activity of the poliovirus IRES, was less sensitive to the targeting of DOHH suggesting that not all viral IRESs are equally dependent on the cellular concentration or the activity of DOHH. In summary we present evidence indicating that the cellular concentration of DOHH and its enzymatic activity play a role in HIV-1, HTLV-1 and MMTV IRES-mediated translation initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Joaquín Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jenniffer Angulo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nataly Contreras
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla Pino
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Vera-Otarola
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Monrroy-Bravo
- Department of Gastroenterology. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Jennifer Angulo
- Department of Gastroenterology. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Karla Pino
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology. Faculty of Medicine. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Pilar Labbé
- Department of Gastroenterology. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology. Faculty of Medicine. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Alejandro Soza
- Department of Gastroenterology. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
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18
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Carvajal F, Vallejos M, Walters B, Contreras N, Hertz MI, Olivares E, Cáceres CJ, Pino K, Letelier A, Thompson SR, López-Lastra M. Structural domains within the HIV-1 mRNA and the ribosomal protein S25 influence cap-independent translation initiation. FEBS J 2016; 283:2508-27. [PMID: 27191820 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The 5' leader of the HIV-1 genomic RNA is a multifunctional region that folds into secondary/tertiary structures that regulate multiple processes during viral replication including translation initiation. In this work, we examine the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) located in the 5' leader that drives translation initiation of the viral Gag protein under conditions that hinder cap-dependent translation initiation. We show that activity of the HIV-1 IRES relies on ribosomal protein S25 (eS25). Additionally, a mechanistic and mutational analysis revealed that the HIV-1 IRES is modular in nature and that once the 40S ribosomal subunit is recruited to the IRES, translation initiates without the need of ribosome scanning. These findings elucidate a mechanism of initiation by the HIV-1 IRES whereby a number of highly structured sites present within the HIV-1 5' leader leads to the recruitment of the 40S subunit directly at the site of initiation of protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Carvajal
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maricarmen Vallejos
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beth Walters
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nataly Contreras
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marla I Hertz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eduardo Olivares
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos J Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla Pino
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Letelier
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sunnie R Thompson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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19
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Cáceres CJ, Contreras N, Angulo J, Vera-Otarola J, Pino-Ajenjo C, Llorian M, Ameur M, Lisboa F, Pino K, Lowy F, Sargueil B, López-Lastra M. Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein binds to the 5' untranslated region of the mouse mammary tumor virus mRNA and stimulates cap-independent translation initiation. FEBS J 2016; 283:1880-901. [PMID: 26972759 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the full-length mRNA of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) harbors an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). In this study, we show that the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB), an RNA-binding protein with four RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), binds to the MMTV 5' UTR stimulating its IRES activity. There are three isoforms of PTB: PTB1, PTB2, and PTB4. Results show that PTB1 and PTB4, but not PTB2, stimulate MMTV-IRES activity. PTB1 promotes MMTV-IRES-mediated initiation more strongly than PTB4. When expressed in combination, PTB1 further enhanced PTB4 stimulation of the MMTV-IRES, while PTB2 fully abrogates PTB4-induced stimulation. PTB1-induced stimulation of MMTV-IRES was not altered in the presence of PTB4 or PTB2. Mutational analysis reveals that stimulation of MMTV-IRES activity is abrogated when PTB1 is mutated either in RRM1/RRM2 or RRM3/RRM4. In contrast, a PTB4 RRM1/RRM2 mutant has reduced effect over MMTV-IRES activity, while stimulation of the MMTV-IRES activity is still observed when the PTB4 RRM3/RMM4 mutant is used. Therefore, PTB1 and PTB4 differentially stimulate the IRES activity. In contrast, PTB2 acts as a negative modulator of PTB4-induced stimulation of MMTV-IRES. We conclude that PTB1 and PTB4 act as IRES trans-acting factors of the MMTV-IRES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nataly Contreras
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jenniffer Angulo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Vera-Otarola
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Pino-Ajenjo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Melissa Ameur
- Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8015, Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN Biologique, Université Paris Descartes, France
| | - Francisco Lisboa
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla Pino
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Lowy
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruno Sargueil
- Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8015, Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN Biologique, Université Paris Descartes, France
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Morales M, Flores C, Pino K, Angulo J, López-Lastra M, Castro-Rodriguez J. Urinary leukotriene and Bcl I polymorphism of glucocorticoid receptor gene in preschoolers with recurrent wheezing and high risk of asthma. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2016; 44:59-65. [PMID: 25982579 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary leukotriene (LTE4) is an important marker of airway inflammation presence. A relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism in the glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) gene promoter (Bcl I polymorphism), development of asthma and sensitivity to glucocorticoids has been hypothesised. OBJECTIVE To explore the possible association between the Bcl I polymorphism and baseline levels of urinary LTE4 in preschoolers with recurrent wheezing episodes. We prospectively enrolled and classified 86 preschoolers based on the risk of developing asthma (by the Asthma Predictive Index [API]). METHODS At admission standardised questionnaires for demographics and respiratory illness characteristics were completed. The Bcl I polymorphism of the GCR was determined by a PCR-RFLP assay from blood samples, and urinary leukotriene was assessed from urine samples by an enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS We enrolled 86 preschoolers (46 with positive API and 40 with negative API). There were no statistical differences in demographic, respiratory illnesses and wheezing episodes characteristics between both groups. Also, the prevalence of Bcl I polymorphism was similar between positive vs. negative API groups (34.8% vs. 38.9% for homozygote GG, 56.5% vs. 52.8% for heterozygote GC, 8.7% vs. 8.3% for homozygote CC, respectively, p=0.94). However, urinary LTE4 (median [IQR]) was higher in preschoolers with positive than negative API (7.18 [5.57-8.96pg/ml] vs. 6.42 [3.96-8.07pg/ml], p=0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In our population, wheezing preschoolers with positive API exhibit higher levels of urinary LTE4 than those with negative API; but there were no differences in Bcl I polymorphism of the GCR.
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Angulo J, Pino K, Echeverría-Chagas N, Marco C, Martínez-Valdebenito C, Galeno H, Villagra E, Vera L, Lagos N, Becerra N, Mora J, Bermúdez A, Cárcamo M, Díaz J, Miquel JF, Ferrés M, López-Lastra M. Association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in IL28B, but Not TNF-α, With Severity of Disease Caused by Andes Virus. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 61:e62-9. [PMID: 26394672 PMCID: PMC4657541 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Andes virus (ANDV) is the sole etiologic agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in Chile, with a fatality rate of about 35%. Individual host factors affecting ANDV infection outcome are poorly understood. In this case-control genetic association analysis, we explored the link between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs12979860, rs8099917 and rs1800629 and the clinical outcome of ANDV-induced disease. The SNPs rs12979860 and rs8099917 are known to play a role in the differential expression of the interleukin 28B gene (IL28B), whereas SNP rs1800629 is implicated in the expression of tumor necrosis factor α gene (TNF-α). METHODS A total of 238 samples from confirmed ANDV-infected patients collected between 2006 and 2014, and categorized according to the severity of the disease, were genotyped for SNPs rs12979860, rs8099917, and rs1800629. RESULTS Analysis of IL28B SNPs rs12979860 and rs8099917 revealed a link between homozygosity of the minor alleles (TT and GG, respectively), displaying a mild disease progression, whereas heterozygosity or homozygosity for the major alleles (CT/CC and TG/TT, respectively) in both IL28B SNPs is associated with severe disease. No association with the clinical outcome of HCPS was observed for TNF-α SNP rs1800629 (TNF -308G>A). CONCLUSIONS The IL28B SNPs rs12979860 and rs8099917, but not TNF-α SNP rs1800629, are associated with the clinical outcome of ANDV-induced disease, suggesting a possible link between IL28B expression and ANDV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenniffer Angulo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia
| | - Karla Pino
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia
| | - Natalia Echeverría-Chagas
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Claudia Marco
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, División de Pediatría
| | | | - Héctor Galeno
- Subdepartamento de Virología Clínica, Departamento Laboratorio Biomédico Nacional y de Referencia
| | - Eliecer Villagra
- Subdepartamento de Virología Clínica, Departamento Laboratorio Biomédico Nacional y de Referencia
| | - Lilian Vera
- Subdepartamento de Virología Clínica, Departamento Laboratorio Biomédico Nacional y de Referencia
| | - Natalia Lagos
- Subdepartamento de Virología Clínica, Departamento Laboratorio Biomédico Nacional y de Referencia
| | - Natalia Becerra
- Subdepartamento de Virología Clínica, Departamento Laboratorio Biomédico Nacional y de Referencia
| | - Judith Mora
- Subdepartamento de Virología Clínica, Departamento Laboratorio Biomédico Nacional y de Referencia
| | - Andrea Bermúdez
- Departamento de Asuntos Científicos, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago
| | - Marcela Cárcamo
- Departamento de Asuntos Científicos, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago
| | - Janepsy Díaz
- Departamento de Asuntos Científicos, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago
| | - Juan Francisco Miquel
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Marcela Ferrés
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, División de Pediatría
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia
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Einisman H, Reyes ML, Angulo J, Cerda J, López-Lastra M, Castro-Rodriguez JA. Vitamin D levels and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in asthmatic children: a case-control study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2015; 26:545-50. [PMID: 26011658 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the gene encoding vitamin D receptor (VDR) have been associated with asthma. OBJECTIVE To compare 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels and the frequency of 3 SNPs in the VDR gene between asthmatic and healthy children. METHODS In persistent asthmatic and healthy control children, the 25OHD levels were measured using radioimmunoassay and SNPs (FokI, ApaI, and TaqI) were analyzed by a PCR-RFLP assay. Relevant medical history was collected. RESULTS About 75 asthmatic (median age: 9.1 years) and 227 healthy children (10.3 years) were studied. In the whole population, the proportion of sufficient, insufficient, and deficient levels of 25OHD were 14.9%, 44%, and 41.1%, respectively. 25OHD sufficiency status was similar in asthmatic and healthy children (p = 0.57). However, the proportion of 25OHD sufficient levels among asthmatics according to the Global Initiative for Asthma treatment steps 2, 3, and 4 was significantly different (8.6%, 16.6%, and 43.7%, respectively, p = 0.046). All patients on step 4 of the treatment (16/16) were heterozygous for the C allele (FokI VDR SNP). There was a lower presence of the C allele among asthmatics in step 2 (30/33), step 3 (16/24), and controls (45/50), p = 0.007, but this significance did not persist after logistic regression. No significant differences in ApaI and TaqI were found. CONCLUSIONS We found a possible association of vitamin D sufficiency status and FokI C allele with higher requirement of therapy to reach asthma control, suggesting that it may be involved in treatment response. Variations in VDR might also play a role in the 25OHD levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helly Einisman
- Pulmonology Section, Division of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Loreto Reyes
- Endocrionology Section, Division of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jenniffer Angulo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Cerda
- Division of Public Health, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose A Castro-Rodriguez
- Pulmonology Section, Division of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Division of Public Health, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Ohlmann T, Mengardi C, López-Lastra M. Translation initiation of the HIV-1 mRNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 2:e960242. [PMID: 26779410 DOI: 10.4161/2169074x.2014.960242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Translation initiation of the full-length mRNA of the human immunodeficiency virus can occur via several different mechanisms to maintain production of viral structural proteins throughout the replication cycle. HIV-1 viral protein synthesis can occur by the use of both a cap-dependant and IRES-driven mechanism depending on the physiological conditions of the cell and the status of the ongoing infection. For both of these mechanisms there is a need for several viral and cellular co-factors for optimal translation of the viral mRNA. In this review we will describe the mechanism used by the full-length mRNA to initiate translation highlighting the role of co-factors within this process. A particular emphasis will be given to the role of the DDX3 RNA helicase in HIV-1 mRNA translation initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théophile Ohlmann
- CIRI; International Center for Infectiology Research; Université de Lyon; Lyon, France; Inserm; Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1; Center International de Recherche en Infectiologie; Lyon, France; CNRS; Lyon, France
| | - Chloé Mengardi
- CIRI; International Center for Infectiology Research; Université de Lyon; Lyon, France; Inserm; Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1; Center International de Recherche en Infectiologie; Lyon, France; CNRS; Lyon, France
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular; Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia; Centro de Investigaciones Médicas; Escuela de Medicina; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile ; Santiago, Chile
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Angulo J, Pino K, Pavez C, Biel F, Labbé P, Miquel JF, Soza A, López-Lastra M. Genetic variations in host IL28B links to the detection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells-associated hepatitis C virus RNA in chronically infected patients. J Viral Hepat 2013; 20:263-72. [PMID: 23490371 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is mainly hepatotropic; however, several reports document the presence of genomic viral RNA in extrahepatic sites including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In this study, the presence of HCV RNA was initially evaluated in the plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 53 HCV-infected patients who were treated per protocol. PBMC-associated HCV RNA was detectable in 79% of patients. Early virological response to combined pegylated interferon-α (PegIFN) and ribavirin (RBV) therapy in patients with undetectable levels of PBMCs-associated HCV RNA was 100%, while it was 60% (P = 0.003) in those who had detectable levels of PBMC-associated HCV RNA. A sustained virological response was observed in 35% of patients with detectable PBMC-associated HCV RNA, but was 70% in patients with undetectable levels of PBMC-associated HCV RNA (P = 0.07). In a multivariate analysis incorporating parameters such as HCV genotype, viral load, presence of cirrhosis and absence of PBMC-associated HCV RNA, a significant relationship was observed between the detection of PBMC-associated HCV RNA and the sustained virological response (OR 19.4, 95% CI: 2.1-486.2, P = 0.0061). The association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in IL28B, known predictor of antiviral therapy outcome, and the occurrence of HCV RNA in PBMC in 84 chronically infected patients was then evaluated. Results suggest that the presence of a G allele in rs8099917, known to associate to a poor response to PegIFN/RBV therapy, also predicts an increased association of HCV RNA with PBMC (OR: 3.564; 95% CI: 1.114-11.40, P = 0.0437).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Angulo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Valiente-Echeverría F, Vallejos M, Monette A, Pino K, Letelier A, Huidobro-Toro JP, Mouland AJ, López-Lastra M. A cis-acting element present within the Gag open reading frame negatively impacts on the activity of the HIV-1 IRES. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56962. [PMID: 23451120 PMCID: PMC3581557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation initiation from the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) mRNA can occur through a cap or an IRES dependent mechanism. Cap-dependent translation initiation of the HIV-1 mRNA can be inhibited by the instability element (INS)-1, a cis-acting regulatory element present within the gag open reading frame (ORF). In this study we evaluated the impact of the INS-1 on HIV-1 IRES-mediated translation initiation. Using heterologous bicistronic mRNAs, we show that the INS-1 negatively impact on HIV-1 IRES-driven translation in in vitro and in cell-based experiments. Additionally, our results show that the inhibitory effect of the INS-1 is not general to all IRESes since it does not hinder translation driven by the HCV IRES. The inhibition by the INS-1 was partially rescued in cells by the overexpression of the viral Rev protein or hnRNPA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Valiente-Echeverría
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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26
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de Breyne S, Soto-Rifo R, López-Lastra M, Ohlmann T. Translation initiation is driven by different mechanisms on the HIV-1 and HIV-2 genomic RNAs. Virus Res 2012; 171:366-81. [PMID: 23079111 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) unspliced full length genomic RNA possesses features of an eukaryotic cellular mRNA as it is capped at its 5' end and polyadenylated at its 3' extremity. This genomic RNA is used both for the production of the viral structural and enzymatic proteins (Gag and Pol, respectively) and as genome for encapsidation in the newly formed viral particle. Although both of these processes are critical for viral replication, they should be controlled in a timely manner for a coherent progression into the viral cycle. Some of this regulation is exerted at the level of translational control and takes place on the viral 5' untranslated region and the beginning of the gag coding region. In this review, we have focused on the different initiation mechanisms (cap- and internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent) that are used by the HIV-1 and HIV-2 genomic RNAs and the cellular and viral factors that can modulate their expression. Interestingly, although HIV-1 and HIV-2 share many similarities in the overall clinical syndrome they produce, in some aspects of their replication cycle, and in the structure of their respective genome, they exhibit some differences in the way that ribosomes are recruited on the gag mRNA to initiate translation and produce the viral proteins; this will be discussed in the light of the literature.
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27
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Ohlmann T, Derrington E, López-Lastra M, Deffaud C, Bouchardon A, Darlix JL. L'initiation de la synthèse des protéines chez les eucaryotes. Med Sci (Paris) 2012. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Vallejos M, Deforges J, Plank TDM, Letelier A, Ramdohr P, Abraham CG, Valiente-Echeverría F, Kieft JS, Sargueil B, López-Lastra M. Activity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 cell cycle-dependent internal ribosomal entry site is modulated by IRES trans-acting factors. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:6186-200. [PMID: 21482538 PMCID: PMC3152342 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5′ leader of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genomic RNA harbors an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that is functional during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Here we show that translation initiation mediated by the HIV-1 IRES requires the participation of trans-acting cellular factors other than the canonical translational machinery. We used ‘standard’ chemical and enzymatic probes and an ‘RNA SHAPE’ analysis to model the structure of the HIV-1 5′ leader and we show, by means of a footprinting assay, that G2/M extracts provide protections to regions previously identified as crucial for HIV-1 IRES activity. We also assessed the impact of mutations on IRES function. Strikingly, mutations did not significantly affect IRES activity suggesting that the requirement for pre-formed stable secondary or tertiary structure within the HIV-1 IRES may not be as strict as has been described for other viral IRESes. Finally, we used a proteomic approach to identify cellular proteins within the G2/M extracts that interact with the HIV-1 5′ leader. Together, data show that HIV-1 IRES-mediated translation initiation is modulated by cellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricarmen Vallejos
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
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29
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Vera-Otarola J, Soto-Rifo R, Ricci EP, Ohlmann T, Darlix JL, López-Lastra M. The 3' untranslated region of the Andes hantavirus small mRNA functionally replaces the poly(A) tail and stimulates cap-dependent translation initiation from the viral mRNA. J Virol 2010; 84:10420-4. [PMID: 20660206 PMCID: PMC2937818 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01270-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of translation of eukaryotic mRNAs, the 5' cap and the 3' poly(A) tail interact synergistically to stimulate protein synthesis. Unlike its cellular counterparts, the small mRNA (SmRNA) of Andes hantavirus (ANDV), a member of the Bunyaviridae, lacks a 3' poly(A) tail. Here we report that the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the ANDV SmRNA functionally replaces a poly(A) tail and synergistically stimulates cap-dependent translation initiation from the viral mRNA. Stimulation of translation by the 3'UTR of the ANDV SmRNA was found to be independent of viral proteins and of host poly(A)-binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Vera-Otarola
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Núcleo Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile, TEV, LaboRetro, Unité de Virologie Humaine, INSERM 758, IFR 128, ENS de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Ricardo Soto-Rifo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Núcleo Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile, TEV, LaboRetro, Unité de Virologie Humaine, INSERM 758, IFR 128, ENS de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Emiliano P. Ricci
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Núcleo Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile, TEV, LaboRetro, Unité de Virologie Humaine, INSERM 758, IFR 128, ENS de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Théophile Ohlmann
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Núcleo Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile, TEV, LaboRetro, Unité de Virologie Humaine, INSERM 758, IFR 128, ENS de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Luc Darlix
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Núcleo Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile, TEV, LaboRetro, Unité de Virologie Humaine, INSERM 758, IFR 128, ENS de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Núcleo Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile, TEV, LaboRetro, Unité de Virologie Humaine, INSERM 758, IFR 128, ENS de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
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Abstract
Viruses depend on cells for their replication but have evolved mechanisms to achieve this in an efficient and, in some instances, a cell‐type‐specific manner. The expression of viral proteins is frequently subject to translational control. The dominant target of such control is the initiation step of protein synthesis. Indeed, during the early stages of infection, viral mRNAs must compete with their host counterparts for the protein synthetic machinery, especially for the limited pool of eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) that mediate the recruitment of ribosomes to both viral and cellular mRNAs. To circumvent this competition viruses use diverse strategies so that ribosomes can be recruited selectively to viral mRNAs. In this review we focus on the initiation of protein synthesis and outline some of the strategies used by viruses to ensure efficient translation initiation of their mRNAs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile.
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31
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Vallejos M, Ramdohr P, Valiente-Echeverría F, Tapia K, Rodriguez FE, Lowy F, Huidobro-Toro JP, Dangerfield JA, López-Lastra M. The 5'-untranslated region of the mouse mammary tumor virus mRNA exhibits cap-independent translation initiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:618-32. [PMID: 19889724 PMCID: PMC2811009 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Revised: 09/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the identification of an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) within the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). The 5'-UTR of the full-length mRNA derived from the infectious, complete MMTV genome was cloned into a dual luciferase reporter construct containing an upstream Renilla luciferase gene (RLuc) and a downstream firefly luciferase gene (FLuc). In rabbit reticulocyte lysate, the MMTV 5'-UTR was capable of driving translation of the second cistron. In vitro translational activity from the MMTV 5'-UTR was resistant to the addition of m(7)GpppG cap-analog and cleavage of eIF4G by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) L-protease. IRES activity was also demonstrated in the Xenopus laevis oocyte by micro-injection of capped and polyadenylated bicistronic RNAs harboring the MMTV-5'-UTR. Finally, transfection assays showed that the MMTV-IRES exhibits cell type-dependent translational activity, suggesting a requirement for as yet unidentified cellular factors for its optimal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricarmen Vallejos
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, J. V. Luco e Instituto Milenio de Biología Fundamental y Aplicada, MIFAB, Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile and Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria and Christian Doppler Laboratory Foreign Module for Virology-Nanotechnology, #05-518 Centros, 20 Biopolis Way, 138668 Singapore
| | - Pablo Ramdohr
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, J. V. Luco e Instituto Milenio de Biología Fundamental y Aplicada, MIFAB, Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile and Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria and Christian Doppler Laboratory Foreign Module for Virology-Nanotechnology, #05-518 Centros, 20 Biopolis Way, 138668 Singapore
| | - Fernando Valiente-Echeverría
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, J. V. Luco e Instituto Milenio de Biología Fundamental y Aplicada, MIFAB, Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile and Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria and Christian Doppler Laboratory Foreign Module for Virology-Nanotechnology, #05-518 Centros, 20 Biopolis Way, 138668 Singapore
| | - Karla Tapia
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, J. V. Luco e Instituto Milenio de Biología Fundamental y Aplicada, MIFAB, Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile and Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria and Christian Doppler Laboratory Foreign Module for Virology-Nanotechnology, #05-518 Centros, 20 Biopolis Way, 138668 Singapore
| | - Felipe E. Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, J. V. Luco e Instituto Milenio de Biología Fundamental y Aplicada, MIFAB, Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile and Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria and Christian Doppler Laboratory Foreign Module for Virology-Nanotechnology, #05-518 Centros, 20 Biopolis Way, 138668 Singapore
| | - Fernando Lowy
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, J. V. Luco e Instituto Milenio de Biología Fundamental y Aplicada, MIFAB, Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile and Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria and Christian Doppler Laboratory Foreign Module for Virology-Nanotechnology, #05-518 Centros, 20 Biopolis Way, 138668 Singapore
| | - J. Pablo Huidobro-Toro
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, J. V. Luco e Instituto Milenio de Biología Fundamental y Aplicada, MIFAB, Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile and Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria and Christian Doppler Laboratory Foreign Module for Virology-Nanotechnology, #05-518 Centros, 20 Biopolis Way, 138668 Singapore
| | - John A. Dangerfield
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, J. V. Luco e Instituto Milenio de Biología Fundamental y Aplicada, MIFAB, Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile and Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria and Christian Doppler Laboratory Foreign Module for Virology-Nanotechnology, #05-518 Centros, 20 Biopolis Way, 138668 Singapore
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, J. V. Luco e Instituto Milenio de Biología Fundamental y Aplicada, MIFAB, Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile and Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria and Christian Doppler Laboratory Foreign Module for Virology-Nanotechnology, #05-518 Centros, 20 Biopolis Way, 138668 Singapore
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Monette A, Ajamian L, López-Lastra M, Mouland AJ. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) induces the cytoplasmic retention of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 by disrupting nuclear import: implications for HIV-1 gene expression. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:31350-62. [PMID: 19737937 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.048736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) co-opts host proteins and cellular machineries to its advantage at every step of the replication cycle. Here we show that HIV-1 enhances heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A1 expression and promotes the relocalization of hnRNP A1 to the cytoplasm. The latter was dependent on the nuclear export of the unspliced viral genomic RNA (vRNA) and to alterations in the abundance and localization of the FG-repeat nuclear pore glycoprotein p62. hnRNP A1 and vRNA remain colocalized in the cytoplasm supporting a post-nuclear function during the late stages of HIV-1 replication. Consistently, we show that hnRNP A1 acts as an internal ribosomal entry site trans-acting factor up-regulating internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation initiation of the HIV-1 vRNA. The up-regulation and cytoplasmic retention of hnRNP A1 by HIV-1 would ensure abundant expression of viral structural proteins in cells infected with HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Monette
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research-Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
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33
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Vera-Otarola J, Barría MI, León U, Marsac D, Carvallo P, Soza A, López-Lastra M. Hepatitis C virus quasispecies in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of treatment naïve chronically infected patients. J Viral Hepat 2009; 16:633-43. [PMID: 19254350 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2009.01112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 45 treatment naïve, HIV-negative, chronically hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients were analyzed for the presence of HCV RNA. Viral RNA was detected in 73% of the studied patients. Single-strand conformation polymorphism assays and sequence analysis of the HCV 5'untranslated regions amplified from RNA recovered from both Plasma and PBMCs suggested virus compartmentalization in 57.6% of patients studied. In summary, our study presents evidence that HCV RNA can be found in PBMCs of treatment naïve chronically infected patients that are not immunocompromised or co-infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vera-Otarola
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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34
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Charnay N, Ivanyi-Nagy R, Soto-Rifo R, Ohlmann T, López-Lastra M, Darlix JL. Mechanism of HIV-1 Tat RNA translation and its activation by the Tat protein. Retrovirology 2009; 6:74. [PMID: 19671151 PMCID: PMC2739156 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein is a major viral transactivator required for HIV-1 replication. In the nucleus Tat greatly stimulates the synthesis of full-length transcripts from the HIV-1 promoter by causing efficient transcriptional elongation. Tat induces elongation by directly interacting with the bulge of the transactivation response (TAR) RNA, a hairpin-loop located at the 5'-end of all nascent viral transcripts, and by recruiting cellular transcriptional co-activators. In the cytoplasm, Tat is thought to act as a translational activator of HIV-1 mRNAs. Thus, Tat plays a central role in the regulation of HIV-1 gene expression both at the level of mRNA and protein synthesis. The requirement of Tat in these processes poses an essential question on how sufficient amounts of Tat can be made early on in HIV-1 infected cells to sustain its own synthesis. To address this issue we studied translation of the Tat mRNA in vitro and in human cells using recombinant monocistronic and dicistronic RNAs containing the 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR) of Tat RNA. RESULTS This study shows that the Tat mRNA can be efficiently translated both in vitro and in cells. Furthermore, our data suggest that translation initiation from the Tat mRNA probably occurs by a internal ribosome entry site (IRES) mechanism. Finally, we show that Tat protein can strongly stimulate translation from its cognate mRNA in a TAR dependent fashion. CONCLUSION These results indicate that Tat mRNA translation is efficient and benefits from a feedback stimulation by the Tat protein. This translational control mechanism would ensure that minute amounts of Tat mRNA are sufficient to generate enough Tat protein required to stimulate HIV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Charnay
- LaboRetro, Unité de Virologie Humaine INSERM 758, IFR 128, ENS de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France.
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35
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Rivas-Aravena A, Ramdohr P, Vallejos M, Valiente-Echeverría F, Dormoy-Raclet V, Rodríguez F, Pino K, Holzmann C, Huidobro-Toro JP, Gallouzi IE, López-Lastra M. The Elav-like protein HuR exerts translational control of viral internal ribosome entry sites. Virology 2009; 392:178-85. [PMID: 19647848 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The human embryonic-lethal abnormal vision (ELAV)-like protein, HuR, has been recently found to be involved in the regulation of protein synthesis. In this study we show that HuR participates in the translational control of the HIV-1 and HCV IRES elements. HuR functions as a repressor of HIV-1 IRES activity and acts as an activator of the HCV IRES. The effect of HuR was evaluated in three independent experimental systems, rabbit reticulocyte lysate, HeLa cells, and Xenopus laevis oocytes, using both overexpression and knockdown approaches. Furthermore, results suggest that HuR mediated regulation of HIV-1 and HCV IRESes does not require direct binding of the protein to the RNA nor does it need the nuclear translocation of the IRES-containing RNAs. Finally, we show that HuR has a negative impact on post-integration steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle. Thus, our observations yield novel insights into the role of HuR in the post-transcriptional regulation of HCV and HIV-1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rivas-Aravena
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Jeune Equipe Associée à l'IRD, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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36
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Barría MI, González A, Vera-Otarola J, León U, Vollrath V, Marsac D, Monasterio O, Pérez-Acle T, Soza A, López-Lastra M. Analysis of natural variants of the hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site reveals that primary sequence plays a key role in cap-independent translation. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 37:957-71. [PMID: 19106142 PMCID: PMC2647302 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkn1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The HCV internal ribosome entry site (IRES) spans a region of ∼340 nt that encompasses most of the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) of the viral mRNA and the first 24–40 nt of the core-coding region. To investigate the implication of altering the primary sequence of the 5′UTR on IRES activity, naturally occurring variants of the 5′UTR were isolated from clinical samples and analyzed. The impact of the identified mutations on translation was evaluated in the context of RLuc/FLuc bicistronic RNAs. Results show that depending on their location within the RNA structure, these naturally occurring mutations cause a range of effects on IRES activity. However, mutations within subdomain IIId hinder HCV IRES-mediated translation. In an attempt to explain these data, the dynamic behavior of the subdomain IIId was analyzed by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Despite the loss of function, MD simulations predicted that mutant G266A/G268U possesses a structure similar to the wt-RNA. This prediction was validated by analyzing the secondary structure of the isolated IIId RNAs by circular dichroism spectroscopy in the presence or absence of Mg2+ ions. These data strongly suggest that the primary sequence of subdomain IIId plays a key role in HCV IRES-mediated translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Inés Barría
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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37
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Barría MI, Vera-Otarola J, León U, Vollrath V, Marsac D, Riquelme A, López-Lastra M, Soza A. Influence of extrahepatic viral infection on the natural history of hepatitis C. Ann Hepatol 2008; 7:136-43. [PMID: 18626431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
HCV is primarily hepatotropic, but there is mounting evidence pointing to infection and replication of extrahepatic sites. Here we evaluated the occurrence of HCV infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and explored the possible association between viral extrahepatic infection and the natural history of the disease. Forty seven Chilean, HCV infected, treatment naïve patients were included in the study. HCV RNA was isolated from plasma and PBMC and subsequently reverse transcribed, amplified and sequenced. Most patients harbored HCV 1b genotype and the most common route of infection showed to be blood transfusion. HCV RNA was readily detected in PBMCs of 34 out of the 47 patients (72%). We report that HCV sequences found in PBMC differ from those in plasma of the same subjects strongly suggesting HCV compartmentalization. In addition, we found that patients with detectable HCV RNA in PBMC had a tendency for being more likely cirrhotic [OR 3.8 (95% CI: 0.98 to 14)]. In conclusion, this study provides further arguments for the existence of HCV infection of extrahepatic sites and suggests that extrahepatic infection could be a factor influencing the natural history of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Inés Barría
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas
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38
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Abstract
Hepatitis C virus-associated chronic hepatitis is one of the most important causes of liver-related mortality and morbidity worldwide. This review analysis the available clinical and epidemiological information about this disease in Chile and compares it with data available from Latin America and other countries. Chronic hepatitis C seroprevalence in the general Chilean population is 1.15% by ELISA III and 0.85% by recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). Mortality due to cirrhosis (all causes) in Chile is one of the highest in the world. We show indirect evidence that chronic hepatitis C may account for a significant proportion of these deaths. The disease is the most common cause for liver transplantation in adults. Based on the available information, we conclude that chronic hepatitis C is an important cause of disease and mortality in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Soza
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
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39
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Abstract
Ribosome recruitment to eukaryotic mRNAs is generally thought to occur by a scanning mechanism, whereby the 40S ribosomal subunit binds in the vicinity of the 5'cap structure of the mRNA and scans until an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context. Study of the picornaviruses allowed the characterization of an alternative mechanism of translation initiation. Picornaviruses can initiate translation via an internal ribosome entry segment (IRES), an RNA structure that directly recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits in a cap and 5' end independent fashion. Since its discovery, the notion of IRESs has extended to a number of different virus families and cellular RNAs. This review summarizes features of both cap-dependent and IRES-dependent mechanisms of translation initiation and discusses the role of cis-acting elements, which include the 5' cap, the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and the poly(A) tail as well as the possible roles of IRESs as part of a cellular stress response mechanism and in the virus replication cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile.
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40
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Derrington EA, López-Lastra M, Darlix JL. Dicistronic MLV-retroviral vectors transduce neural precursors in vivo and co-express two genes in their differentiated neuronal progeny. Retrovirology 2005; 2:60. [PMID: 16194277 PMCID: PMC1266060 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-2-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2005] [Accepted: 09/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicistronic MLV-based retroviral vectors, in which two IRESes independently initiate the translation of two proteins from a single RNA, have been shown to direct co-expression of proteins in several cell culture systems. Here we report that these dicistronic retroviral vectors can drive co-expression of two gene products in brain cells in vivo. Injection of retroviral vector producer cells leads to the transduction of proliferating precursors in the external granular layer of the cerebellum and throughout the ventricular regions. Differentiated neurons co-expressing both transgenes were observed in the cerebellum and in lower numbers in distant brain regions such as the cortex. Thus, we describe an eukaryotic dicistronic vector system that is capable of transducing mouse neural precursors in vivo and maintaining the expression of genes after cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund A Derrington
- LaboRétro, INSERM U412, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, Lyon 69364 Cedex 07, France
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jean-Luc Darlix
- LaboRétro, INSERM U412, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, Lyon 69364 Cedex 07, France
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41
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López-Lastra M, Ulrici S, Gabus C, Darlix JL. Identification of an internal ribosome entry segment in the 5' region of the mouse VL30 retrotransposon and its use in the development of retroviral vectors. J Virol 1999; 73:8393-402. [PMID: 10482590 PMCID: PMC112857 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.10.8393-8402.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse virus-like 30S RNAs (VL30m) constitute a family of retrotransposons, present at 100 to 200 copies, dispersed in the mouse genome. They display little sequence homology to Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV), do not encode virus-like proteins, and have not been implicated in retroviral carcinogenesis. However, VL30 RNAs are efficiently packaged into MLV particles that are propagated in cell culture. In this study, we addressed whether the 5' region of VL30m could replace the 5' leader of MoMLV functionally in a recombinant vector construct. Our data confirm that the putative packaging sequence of VL30 is located within the 5' region (nucleotides 362 to 1149 with respect to the cap structure) and that it can replace the packaging sequence of MoMLV. We also show that VL30m contains an internal ribosome entry segment (IRES) in the 5' region, as do MoMLV, Friend murine leukemia virus, Harvey murine sarcoma virus, and avian reticuloendotheliosis virus type A. Our data show that both the packaging and IRES functions of the 5' region of VL30m RNA can be efficiently used to develop retrotransposon-based vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M López-Lastra
- Labo Rétro, Unité de Virologie Humaine-U412, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
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42
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Derrington EA, López-Lastra M, Chapel-Fernandez S, Cosset FL, Belin MF, Rudkin BB, Darlix JL. Retroviral vectors for the expression of two genes in human multipotent neural precursors and their differentiated neuronal and glial progeny. Hum Gene Ther 1999; 10:1129-38. [PMID: 10340545 DOI: 10.1089/10430349950018120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviral vectors allow stable integration of exogenous DNA into genomic DNA and therefore gene transmission to progeny. Multipotent neural precursors and immortal cell lines prepared from them have been demonstrated to integrate into either adult or developing brain in a nontumorigenic, functional manner, without interfering with normal neurobiological processes. These cells thus appear to provide a Trojan horse ideally adapted to directing the expression of transgenes appropriately in a host brain. Here we investigated and optimized the transduction capacity of MuLV-based retroviral vectors in which internal ribosomal entry segments (IRESs) drive coexpression of two heterologous gene products from a single bicistronic mRNA in a human multipotent neural precursor cell line, "Dev," which was prepared from a medulloblastoma. For this, two vectors containing two different combinations of three viral IRESs were used and the capacity of different pseudotyped vectors to permit an efficient and stable transduction of Dev cells was compared. Our data show that (1) the best recombinant vectors for Dev cell transduction are those pseudotyped with the 10A1 MuLV envelope (40% of transduction) and (2) the initial coexpression of neo and plap, observed in transduced undifferentiated Dev cells, is maintained in differentiated Dev cells with a neuronal or glial phenotype. Therefore, these double-IRES vectors may provide an efficient means of transducing the coexpression of two proteins in undifferentiated human neural precursors that is maintained in their differentiated progeny. These data suggest that the double-IRES strategy is well adapted to potential therapeutic situations when coexpression of two different transgenes may be required in the same cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Derrington
- LaboRétro, INSERM U412, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France
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43
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López-Lastra M, Gabus C, Darlix JL. Characterization of an internal ribosomal entry segment within the 5' leader of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus type A RNA and development of novel MLV-REV-based retroviral vectors. Hum Gene Ther 1997; 8:1855-65. [PMID: 9382952 DOI: 10.1089/hum.1997.8.16-1855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The murine leukemia virus (MLV)-related type C viruses constitute a major class of retroviruses that includes numerous endogenous and exogenous mammalian viruses and the related avian spleen necrosis virus (SNV). The MLV-related viruses possess a long and multifunctional 5' untranslated leader involved in key steps of the viral life cycle--splicing, translation, RNA dimerization, encapsidation, and reverse transcription. Recent studies have shown that the 5' leader of Friend murine leukemia virus and Moloney murine leukemia virus can direct cap independent translation of gag precursor proteins (Berlioz et al., 1995; Vagner et al., 1995b). These data, together with structural homology studies (Koning et al., 1992), prompted us to undertake a search for new internal ribosome entry segment (IRES) of retroviral origin. Here we describe an IRES element within the 5' leader of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus type A (REV-A) genomic RNA. Data show that the REV-A 5' IRES element maps downstream of the packaging/dimerization (E/DLS) sequence (Watanabe and Temin, 1982; Darlix et al., 1992) and the minimal IRES sequence appears to be within a 129 nt fragment (nucleotides 452-580) of the 5' leader, immediately upstream of the gag AUG codon. The REV-A IRES has been successfully utilized in the construction of novel high titer MLV-based retroviral vectors, containing one or more IRES elements of retroviral origin. These retroviral constructs, which represent a starting point for the design of novel vectors suitable for gene therapy, are also of interest as a model system of internal translation initiation and its possible regulation during development, cancer, or virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M López-Lastra
- LaboRétro, Unité de Virologie Humaine INSERM U412, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France
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44
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González MP, Sánchez X, Ganga MA, López-Lastra M, Jashés M, Sandino AM. Detection of the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus directly from infected fish tissues by dot blot hybridization with a non-radioactive probe. J Virol Methods 1997; 65:273-9. [PMID: 9186951 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(97)02194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A method was developed for the rapid diagnosis of the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) based on dot blot hybridization with a non-radioactive probe. When the assay was developed through a color reaction both biotin- and alkaline phosphatase-labeled probes were highly specific for IHNV and the sensitivity reached to 20 pg of viral RNA. When the alkaline phosphatase-labeled probe was developed by a chemiluminiscent reaction, the sensitivity showed a five-fold increase to 4 pg of viral RNA. The procedures successfully detected IHNV directly from infected symptomatic and asymptomatic fishes exhibiting higher sensitivity than the traditional approaches involving viral propagation in cell cultures. Additional advantages of the method are its simplicity and it takes only about 6 h to carry out the procedures from the initial processing of the tissues to diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P González
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Quintica y Biologíu, Universidad de Santiago de Chile
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Abstract
In attempts to detect inhibitors of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) replication, we have evaluated, by an IPNV plaque inhibition assay, a group of compounds that have broad spectrum antiviral activity for both single- and double-stranded RNA viruses. The inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitors 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (ribavirin) and 5-ethynyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (EICAR), and the orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase (OMP decarboxylase) inhibitor 4-hydroxy-3-beta-D-ribofuranosylpyrazole-5-carboxamide (pyrazofurin), were found to inhibit IPNV replication. For EICAR and pyrazofurin the concentrations that inhibited the IPNV plaque formation by 50% (EC50) were 0.01 micrograms/ml and 0.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. The cytotoxic concentrations required to reduce cell viability by 50% (CC50) were 50 micrograms/ml and 100 micrograms/ml, respectively, and the concentrations that reduced [methyl-3H] thymidine incorporation by 50% (IC50) were 0.5-1 and 50 micrograms/ml. Thus, for both compounds the IPNV-inhibitory concentration was 50-100 times lower than the concentration that affected DNA synthesis in growing cells. EICAR and pyrazofurin seem to be good candidates for further evaluation in an in vivo model of IPNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jashés
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Ganga MA, González MP, López-Lastra M, Sandino AM. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of viral genomic RNA as a diagnostic method for infectious pancreatic necrosis virus detection. J Virol Methods 1994; 50:227-36. [PMID: 7714046 DOI: 10.1016/0166-0934(94)90179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and simple technique for the diagnosis of IPNV from cell culture and infected fish tissues has been developed. It is based on the observation of IPNV bisegmented double-stranded RNA genome in silver stained polyacrylamide gels after electrophoresis. The method is highly specific and can detect as little as 1 ng of viral RNA, which corresponds to 1 x 10(5) pfu, making it possible to visualize the viral genome as soon as the initial cythopatic effect appears. Furthermore, the RNA viral genome could be detected directly from fish tissues when fish showed clear clinical signs of the disease. The method has the advantage of detecting any strain of IPNV. An acrylamide concentration of 6% and bisacrylamide concentration of 0.13% give a rapid and definitive result in less than 6 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ganga
- Unidad de Virología, Instituto de Nutrición Y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 11
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