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Mukherjee A, Ansari AJ, Rajagopala Reddy S, Kanti Das G, Singh R. Mechanistic Investigations for the Formation of Active Hexafluoroisopropyl Benzoates Involving Aza‐Oxyallyl Cation and Anthranils. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mukherjee
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh 229010 India
| | - Arshad J. Ansari
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh 305817, Rajasthan India
| | - S. Rajagopala Reddy
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh 305817, Rajasthan India
| | - Gourab Kanti Das
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Science (Siksha Bhavana) Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal India
| | - Ritesh Singh
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh 305817, Rajasthan India
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2
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Jin L, Zhao S, Chen X. Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of Chiral Phenylalanine Derivatives Catalyzed by Cinchona Alkaloid Quaternary Ammonium Salts as Asymmetric Phase Transfer Catalysts. Molecules 2018; 23:E1421. [PMID: 29895754 PMCID: PMC6099405 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A practical synthesis of both enantiomers of unnatural phenylalanine derivatives by using two pseudoenantiomeric phase transfer catalysts is described. Through asymmetric α-alkylation of glycine Schiff base with substituted benzyl bromides and 1-(bromomethyl)naphthalene under the catalysis of O-allyl-N-(9-anthracenmethyl) cinchoninium bromide (1f) and O-allyl-N-(9-anthracenylmethyl)cinchonidium bromide (1i), respectively, a series of both (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of unnatural α-amino acid derivatives were obtained in excellent yields and enantioselectivity. The synthetic method is simple and scalable, and the stereochemistry of the products is fully predictable and controlled: the cinchonine-type phase transfer catalyst 1f resulted in (R)-α-amino acid derivatives, and the cinchonidine-type phase transfer catalyst 1i afforded (S)-α-amino acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shuai Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Figueras E, Borbély A, Ismail M, Frese M, Sewald N. Novel unit B cryptophycin analogues as payloads for targeted therapy. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1281-1286. [PMID: 29977395 PMCID: PMC6009196 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptophycins are naturally occurring cytotoxins with great potential for chemotherapy. Since targeted therapy provides new perspectives for treatment of cancer, new potent analogues of cytotoxic agents containing functional groups for conjugation to homing devices are required. We describe the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of three new unit B cryptophycin analogues. The O-methyl group of the unit B D-tyrosine analogue was replaced by an O-(allyloxyethyl) moiety, an O-(hydroxyethyl) group, or an O-(((azidoethoxy)ethoxy)ethoyxethyl) substituent. While the former two maintain cytotoxicity in the subnanomolar range, the attachment of the triethylene glycol spacer with a terminal azide results in a complete loss of activity. Docking studies of the novel cryptophycin analogues to β-tubulin provided a rationale for the observed cytotoxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Figueras
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Adina Borbély
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mohamed Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marcel Frese
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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4
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Tubulin Inhibitor-Based Antibody-Drug Conjugates for Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081281. [PMID: 28763044 PMCID: PMC6152078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a class of highly potent biopharmaceutical drugs generated by conjugating cytotoxic drugs with specific monoclonal antibodies through appropriate linkers. Specific antibodies used to guide potent warheads to tumor tissues can effectively reduce undesired side effects of the cytotoxic drugs. An in-depth understanding of antibodies, linkers, conjugation strategies, cytotoxic drugs, and their molecular targets has led to the successful development of several approved ADCs. These ADCs are powerful therapeutics for cancer treatment, enabling wider therapeutic windows, improved pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties, and enhanced efficacy. Since tubulin inhibitors are one of the most successful cytotoxic drugs in the ADC armamentarium, this review focuses on the progress in tubulin inhibitor-based ADCs, as well as lessons learned from the unsuccessful ADCs containing tubulin inhibitors. This review should be helpful to facilitate future development of new generations of tubulin inhibitor-based ADCs for cancer therapy.
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5
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Weiss C, Figueras E, Borbely AN, Sewald N. Cryptophycins: cytotoxic cyclodepsipeptides with potential for tumor targeting. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:514-531. [PMID: 28661555 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cryptophycins are a class of 16-membered highly cytotoxic macrocyclic depsipeptides isolated from cyanobacteria. The biological activity is based on their ability to interact with tubulin. They interfere with microtubule dynamics and prevent microtubules from forming correct mitotic spindles, which causes cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Their strong antiproliferative activities with 100-fold to 1000-fold potency compared with those of paclitaxel and vinblastine have been observed. Cryptophycins are highly promising drug candidates, as their biological activity is not negatively affected by P-glycoprotein, a drug efflux system commonly found in multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines and solid tumors. Cryptophycin-52 had been investigated in phase II clinical trials but failed because of its high neurotoxicity. Recently, cryptophycin conjugates with peptides and antibodies have been developed for targeted delivery in tumor therapy. Copyright © 2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Weiss
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Eduard Figueras
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Adina N Borbely
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
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6
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Abstract
Cyclic depsipeptides are polypeptides in which one or more amino acid is replaced by a hydroxy acid, resulting in the formation of at least one ester bond in the core ring structure. Many natural cyclic depsipeptides possessing intriguing structural and biological properties, including antitumor, antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, anthelmintic, and anti-inflammatory activities, have been identified from fungi, plants, and marine organisms. In particular, the potent effects of cyclic depsipeptides on tumor cells have led to a number of clinical trials evaluating their potential as chemotherapeutic agents. Although many of the trials have not achieved the desired results, romidepsin (FK228), a bicyclic depsipeptide that inhibits histone deacetylase, has been shown to have clinical efficacy in patients with refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and has received Food and Drug Administration approval for use in treatment. In this review, we discuss antitumor cyclic depsipeptides that have undergone clinical trials and focus on their structural features, mechanisms, potential applications in chemotherapy, and pharmacokinetic and toxicity data. The results of this study indicate that cyclic depsipeptides could be a rich source of new cancer therapeutics.
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7
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Weiss C, Sammet B, Sewald N. Recent approaches for the synthesis of modified cryptophycins. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:924-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np70022d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Xu H, Tian H, Zheng L, Liu Q, Wang L, Zhang S. Synthesis of Chiral Benzimidazoles as Acylating Agents for Kinetic Resolution of Racemic α-Amino Esters. J Heterocycl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun; 130012; People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Tian
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun; 130012; People's Republic of China
| | - Liangyu Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education; Jilin University; Changchun; 130012; People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Liu
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun; 130012; People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun; 130012; People's Republic of China
| | - Suoqin Zhang
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun; 130012; People's Republic of China
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Bolduc KL, Larsen SD, Sherman DH. Efficient, divergent synthesis of cryptophycin unit A analogues. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:10.1039/c2cc32417b. [PMID: 22617820 PMCID: PMC3494784 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc32417b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A flexible and divergent synthesis of cryptophycin unit A analogues is described. This method relies on iridium-catalysed stereo- and enantioselective crotylation and chemoselective one-pot oxidative olefination to access common intermediate . Heck, cross metathesis, and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions are illustrated for the generation of methyl ester unit A analogues .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L. Bolduc
- Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Chemistry, and Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Scott D. Larsen
- Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Chemistry, and Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - David H. Sherman
- Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Chemistry, and Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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Ahmed F, Ohtsuki T, Aida W, Ishibashi M. Tyrosine derivatives isolated from Streptomyces sp. IFM 10937 in a screening program for TRAIL-resistance-overcoming activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:1963-1966. [PMID: 18847278 DOI: 10.1021/np8004248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of actinomycetes for isolation of natural products for abrogating TRAIL resistance led to the isolation of two new tyrosine derivatives (1 and 2) along with novobiocin (3). The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by spectroscopic methods, while the absolute configuration was determined by analyzing CD spectra and by a modified Marfey's method. Compounds 1 (150 μM) and 3 (37.5 and 75 μM) in combination with TRAIL showed synergistic activity in sensitizing TRAIL-resistant human gastric adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoj Ahmed
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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11
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Mahboobi S, Sellmer A, Beckers T. Development of Tubulin Inhibitors as Antimitotic Agents for Cancer Therapy. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(06)80038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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13
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Davis RA. Isolation and structure elucidation of the new fungal metabolite (-)-xylariamide A. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2005; 68:769-72. [PMID: 15921427 DOI: 10.1021/np050025h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigations of the terrestrial microfungus Xylaria sp. have afforded the new natural product (-)-xylariamide A (1). The gross structure of 1 was determined by interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, and MS data. Confirmation of the structure and the absolute stereochemistry of 1 were determined by the total synthesis of (+)-xylariamide A (2). Synthetic 2 was produced by N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide-induced coupling of 3-chloro-L-tyrosine (3) with (E)-but-2-enedioic acid 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl ester methyl ester (4). Optical rotation comparison of 1 with 2 indicated that the natural product (1) contained 3-chloro-D-tyrosine. Both enantiomers of xylariamide A were tested in a brine shrimp lethality assay, and only the natural product (1) showed toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan A Davis
- Chemical Biology Program, Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
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15
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Al-awar RS, Corbett TH, Ray JE, Polin L, Kennedy JH, Wagner MM, Williams DC. Biological evaluation of cryptophycin 52 fragment A analogues: Effect of the multidrug resistance ATP binding cassette transporters on antitumor activity. Mol Cancer Ther 2004. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.1061.3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cryptophycin 52 (LY355703) is a potent antiproliferative analogue of the marine natural product cryptophycin 1. It has been shown to have a broad range of antitumor activity against human tumor xenografts and murine tumors including tumors resistant to Taxol and Adriamycin. Its mechanism of action involves arresting cells in the G2-M phase of the cell cycle by binding to microtubules and suppressing their dynamics. This 16-membered depsipeptide can be divided into four major subunits or fragments (A–D). We reported previously on our synthetic efforts around fragment A and discovered that this region of the molecule was amenable to a structure-activity relationship study that resulted in highly active antiproliferative agents when evaluated in the CEM leukemia cell line. The synthetic analogues were designed to help improve the efficacy and aqueous solubility of the parent compound; therefore, many in this series contained ionizable functional groups such as an amino group, a hydroxy group, or a carboxylic acid. Although several of these analogues showed improvements in potency over cryptophycin 52 in drug-sensitive tumor xenograft models, many lost their activity against Adriamycin-resistant tumor lines. It was discovered on additional in vitro evaluation that these analogues became good substrates of the multidrug resistance transporter P-glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima S. Al-awar
- 1Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana and
| | - Thomas H. Corbett
- 2Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - James E. Ray
- 1Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana and
| | - Lisa Polin
- 2Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Joseph H. Kennedy
- 1Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana and
| | - Margaret M. Wagner
- 1Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana and
| | - Daniel C. Williams
- 1Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana and
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16
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Buck SB, Huff JK, Himes RH, Georg GI. Total Synthesis and Anti-Tubulin Activity of Epi-C3 Analogues of Cryptophycin-24. J Med Chem 2004; 47:3697-9. [PMID: 15214797 DOI: 10.1021/jm030555f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Epi-C3-cryptophycin-24, epi-C3-m-chlorobenzyl-cryptophycin-24, and the corresponding styrenes were synthesized and tested in vitro against the MCF-7 and multidrug-resistant MCF-7/ADR breast cancer cell lines and in an in vitro tubulin assembly assay. The results demonstrate that the S configuration at the C3 stereocenter is not required to induce potent cytotoxicity and the m-Cl substituent present on the C10 side chain did not induce any large change in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne B Buck
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045-7582, USA
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Ghosh AK, Bischoff A. Asymmetric Syntheses of Potent Antitumor Macrolides Cryptophycin B and Arenastatin A. European J Org Chem 2004; 2004:2131-2141. [PMID: 30443158 PMCID: PMC6233905 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200300814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2003] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and highly stereoselective syntheses of cryptophycin B and arenastatin A, potent cytotoxic agents, are described. An ester-derived titanium enolate mediated syn-aldol reaction was employed to generate the stereocenters C-5 and C-6. The route is convergent and provides a convenient access to the synthesis of structural variants of cryptophycins as well as members of its family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - A Bischoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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18
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Buck SB, Huff JK, Himes RH, Georg GI. Total Synthesis and Antitubulin Activity of C10 Analogues of Cryptophycin-24. J Med Chem 2003; 47:696-702. [PMID: 14736249 DOI: 10.1021/jm030278c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The unsubstituted, 3'-Cl, 4'-C1, and 3',4'-diCl C10 analogues of cryptophycin-24 were prepared via total synthesis and tested in vitro for cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and multi-drug-resistant MCF-7/ADR breast cancer cell lines and in a tubulin assembly assay. The ED(50) values ranged from 7.2 to 15.8 microM in the tubulin assay and from 0.05 to 3.4 nM in the cell assays. The presence of a 3'-C1 and/or 4'-C1 substituent on the C10 phenyl ring increased cytotoxicity in the MCF-7 cell line compared to the unsubstituted phenyl ring. The most potent compound in this series possessed a 3'-C1 substituent on the C10 phenyl ring. The 3'-C1 analogue had ED(50) values of 50 and 580 pM in the MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cell lines, respectively. Its activity was very similar to the parent compound cryptophycin-24. Substitution of the 4'-MeO group in cryptophycin-24 with a 4'-C1 moiety did not significantly affect cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells compared to the parent compound. These results demonstrated that the 4'-MeO group in cryptophycin-24 is not essential and can be replaced with 3'-C1 or 4'-C1 substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne B Buck
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7582, USA
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Vidya R, Eggen M, Nair SK, Georg GI, Himes RH. Synthesis of Cryptophycins via an N-Acyl-β-lactam Macrolactonization. J Org Chem 2003; 68:9687-93. [PMID: 14656095 DOI: 10.1021/jo0302197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and concise approach to the synthesis of the macrolide core of the cryptophycins has been developed. A novel macrolactonization utilizing a reactive acyl-beta-lactam intermediate incorporates the beta-amino acid moiety within the 16-membered macrolide core. This modular approach, involving a cyanide-initiated acyl-beta-lactam ring opening followed by cyclization, was successfully applied to the total synthesis of cryptophycin-24. The strategy was also used in an efficient synthesis of the 6,6-dimethyl-substituted dechlorocryptophycin-52. In this case, the cyanide-initiated ring opening of the bis-substituted 2-azetidinone followed by macrolactonization was achieved through a catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramdas Vidya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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20
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Al-Awar RS, Ray JE, Schultz RM, Andis SL, Kennedy JH, Moore RE, Liang J, Golakoti T, Subbaraju GV, Corbett TH. A convergent approach to cryptophycin 52 analogues: synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel series of fragment a epoxides and chlorohydrins. J Med Chem 2003; 46:2985-3007. [PMID: 12825938 DOI: 10.1021/jm0203884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cryptophycin 52 is a synthetic derivative of Cryptophycin 1, a potent antimicrotubule agent isolated from cyanobacteria. In an effort to increase the potency and water solubility of the molecule, a structure-activity relationship study (SAR) was initiated around the phenyl ring of fragment A. These Cryptophycin 52 analogues were accessed using a Wittig olefination reaction between various triphenylphosphonium salts and a key intermediate aldehyde prepared from Cryptophycin 53. Substitution on the phenyl ring of fragment A was well tolerated, and several of these analogues were equally or more potent than Cryptophycin 52 when evaluated in vitro in the CCRF-CEM leukemia cell line and in vivo against a murine pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima S Al-Awar
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA.
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Abstract
This review is an attempt to illustrate the diversity of peptides reported for a potential or an established use in cancer therapy. With 612 references, this work aims at covering the patents and publications up to year 2000 with many inroads in years 2001-2002. The peptides are classed according to four categories of effective (or plausible) biological mechanisms of action: receptor-interacting compounds; inhibitors of protein-protein interaction; enzymes inhibitors; nucleic acid-interacting compounds. The fifth group is made of the peptides for which no mechanism of action has been found yet. Incidentally this work provides an overview of many of the modern targets of anticancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Janin
- UMR 176 CNRS-Intitut Curie, Paris, France.
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Raghavan S, Tony KA. Sulfinyl moiety as an internal nucleophile. 1. Efficient stereoselective synthesis of fragment a of cryptophycin 3. J Org Chem 2003; 68:5002-5. [PMID: 12790623 DOI: 10.1021/jo026802p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel, efficient, and stereoselective synthesis of fragment A of cryptophycin 3 is disclosed. The key step involves the regio- and stereoselective transformation of an unsaturated ester to a bromohydrin via anchimeric assistance by the sulfinyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadagopan Raghavan
- Organic Division I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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Vidya R, Eggen M, Georg GI, Himes RH. Cryptophycin affinity labels: synthesis and biological activity of a benzophenone analogue of cryptophycin-24. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:757-60. [PMID: 12639575 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)01023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of a C16 side chain benzophenone analogue of cryptophycin-24 using a crotylboration reaction and Heck coupling as key steps is described. In an in vitro tubulin assembly assay, the benzophenone analogue of the beta isomer (IC(50)=7.4 microM) is twice as active as cryptophycin-24 (IC(50)=15 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramdas Vidya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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24
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Hoard DW, Moher ED, Martinelli MJ, Norman BH. Synthesis of cryptophycin 52 using the Shi epoxidation. Org Lett 2002; 4:1813-5. [PMID: 12000306 DOI: 10.1021/ol025933+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A synthesis of cryptophycin 52 is reported using a Shi epoxidation strategy to install the epoxide moiety in a diastereoselective fashion. Several epoxidation results for cryptophycin substrates are disclosed followed by a discussion of the details relating to the preparation of cryptophycin 52 in two synthetic steps from one of the intermediate epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Hoard
- Chemical Process Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
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Abstract
The cryptophycins are a unique family of 16-membered macrolide antimitotic agents isolated from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. Their molecular target is tubulin protein wherein they are the most potent known stabilizers of microtubule dynamics and depolymerize microtubules at higher concentrations. They also deactivate the Bcl2 protein and produce apoptotic response much more quickly and at considerably lower concentrations than clinically utilized compounds. The presence of several amide and ester linkages within the cryptophycin core provides access to very convergent total synthetic approaches. Likewise, the modularity of the structure renders their synthesis amenable to structure-activity studies in several regions of the molecule. The in vivo hydrolytic instability of the C5 ester was a key obstacle to the successful identification of a clinical candidate. This problem was ameliorated by increased substitution at C6 as in the presence of gem-dimethyl substitution in the clinical candidate, cryptophycin-52.
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Affiliation(s)
- MariJean Eggen
- Pharmacia Corporation, 7000 Portage Road, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001, USA
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Eggen M, Nair SK, Georg GI. Rapid entry into the cryptophycin core via an acyl-beta-lactam macrolactonization: total synthesis of cryptophycin-24. Org Lett 2001; 3:1813-5. [PMID: 11405718 DOI: 10.1021/ol010044s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[see structure]. An efficient, concise approach to the macrolide core of the cryptophycins, potent antimitotic agents, has been achieved. The reaction sequence features a novel macrolactonization utilizing a reactive acyl-beta-lactam intermediate that incorporates the beta-amino acid moiety within the 16-membered macrolide core. This highly modular approach, which allows for multiple alterations throughout the structure, was successfully applied to the total synthesis of cryptophycin-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eggen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Eggen M, Mossman CJ, Buck SB, Nair SK, Bhat L, Ali SM, Reiff EA, Boge TC, Georg GI. Total synthesis of cryptophycin-24 (Arenastatin A) amenable to structural modifications in the C16 side chain. J Org Chem 2000; 65:7792-9. [PMID: 11073583 DOI: 10.1021/jo000767+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two efficient protocols for the synthesis of tert-butyl (5S,6R,2E, 7E)-5-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-6-methyl-8-phenyl-2, 7-octadienoate, a major component of the cryptophycins, are reported. The first utilized the Noyori reduction and Frater alkylation of methyl 5-benzyloxy-3-oxopentanoate to set two stereogenic centers, which became the C16 hydroxyl and C1' methyl of the cryptophycins. The second approach started from 3-p-methoxybenzyloxypropanal and a crotyl borane reagent derived from (-)-alpha-pinene to set both stereocenters in a single step and provided the dephenyl analogue, tert-butyl (5S,6R,2E)-5-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-6-methyl-2, 7-octadienoate, in five steps. This compound was readily converted to the 8-phenyl compound via Heck coupling. The silanyloxy esters were efficiently deprotected and coupled to the C2-C10 amino acid fragment to provide desepoxyarenastatin A and its dephenyl analogue. The terminal olefin of the latter was further elaborated via Heck coupling. Epoxidation provided cryptophycin-24 (arenastatin A).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eggen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Murakami N, Wang W, Tamura S, Kobayashi M. Synthesis and biological property of carba and 20-deoxo analogues of arenastatin A. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1823-6. [PMID: 10969977 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The carba analogue, in which a methylene group is substituted for the oxygen atom linked to C-15, and 20-deoxo analogue of arenastatin A, a potent cytotoxic spongean depsipeptide, were synthesized. Both analogues lacking the 15,20-ester function, which was easily metabolized in serum, showed good stability in serum as well as moderate cytotoxic activity against KB cells and better solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Murakami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Liang J, Moher ED, Moore RE, Hoard DW. Synthesis of cryptophycin 52 using the sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation: diol to epoxide transformation optimized for a base-sensitive substrate. J Org Chem 2000; 65:3143-7. [PMID: 10814209 DOI: 10.1021/jo9919862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of cryptophycin 52 (2) is reported using a Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) strategy to install the epoxide moiety. The high stereoselectivity of the AD reaction that allows for an efficient means of preparing the epoxide is in contrast to the standard direct epoxidation of cryptophycin substrates, which proceeds with poor diastereoselectivity. Methodology for conversion of the diol AD product to the requisite epoxide is disclosed. The transformation has been optimized to proceed in high yield in the presence of base sensitive functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liang
- Department of Chemistry, 2545 The Mall, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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