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Phang R, Lin CH. Synthesis of Type-I and Type-II LacNAc-Repeating Oligosaccharides as the Backbones of Tumor-Associated Lewis Antigens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:858894. [PMID: 35281035 PMCID: PMC8905443 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.858894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-I and Type-II LacNAc are Gal-GlcNAc disaccharides bearing a β1,3- or β1,4-linkage respectively. They exist as the backbones of Lewis antigens that are highly expressed in several cancers. Owing to the promise of developing carbohydrate-based anti-cancer vaccines, glycan synthesis at a large scale is indeed an important task. Synthesis of Type-I and Type-II tandem repeat oligomers has been hampered by the presence of GlcNAc residues. Particularly, N-protecting group plays a determining role in affecting glycosyl donor’s reactivity and acceptor’s nucleophilicity. This review discusses several representative studies that assembled desirable glycans in an efficient manner, such as chemoselective one-pot synthesis and chemoenzymatic methods. Additionally, we also highlight solutions that have been offered to tackle long-lasting problems, e.g., prevention of the oxazoline formation and change of donor/acceptor reactivity. In retrospect of scientific achievements, we present the current restrictions and remaining challenges in this less explored frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riping Phang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kamińska K, Mular A, Olshvang E, Nolte NM, Kozłowski H, Wojaczyńska E, Gumienna-Kontecka E. The diversity and utility of arylthiazoline and aryloxazoline siderophores: challenges of total synthesis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:25284-25322. [PMID: 36199325 PMCID: PMC9450019 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03841b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Siderophores are unique ferric ion chelators produced and secreted by some organisms like bacteria, fungi and plants under iron deficiency conditions. These molecules possess immense affinity and specificity for Fe3+ and other metal ions, which attracts great interest due to the numerous possibilities of application, including antibiotics delivery to resistant bacteria strains. Total synthesis of siderophores is a must since the compounds are present in natural sources at extremely small concentrations. These molecules are extremely diverse in terms of molecular structure and physical and chemical properties. This review is focused on achievements and developments in the total synthesis strategies of naturally occurring siderophores bearing arylthiazoline and aryloxazoline units. A review presents advances in total synthesis of thiazoline and oxazoline-bearing siderophores, unique ferric ion chelators found in some bacteria, fungi and plants.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kamińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mular
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Evgenia Olshvang
- Inorganic Chemistry I-Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nils Metzler Nolte
- Inorganic Chemistry I-Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Henryk Kozłowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Opole, Katowicka 68, 45-060 Opole, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wojaczyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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Kunkit N, Deekaikam T, Chaimuang S, Pekkoh J, Manokruang K. Physical hydrogels prepared from cationically modified pectin with tunable sol-gel phase transition behaviors. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1695208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nootcharee Kunkit
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thanapon Deekaikam
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Saranporn Chaimuang
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jeeraporn Pekkoh
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kiattikhun Manokruang
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Science, Materials Science Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Khomutov MA, Mikhura IV, Kochetkov SN, Khomutov AR. C-Methylated Analogs of Spermine and Spermidine: Synthesis and Biological Activity. Russ J Bioorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019060207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yoshida K, Hirata A, Hashimoto H, Imayoshi A, Ueda Y, Furuta T, Kawabata T. Organocatalytic chemoselective monoacylation of 1,n-linear disulfonamides. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hoang CN, Dang YH. Aminolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste with ethylenediamine and characterization of α,ω-diamine products. Polym Degrad Stab 2013; 98:697-708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hervé A, Yaouanc J, Clément J, des Abbayes H, Toupet L. Hemilability of the primary amine–metal bond in polyamine-(Group 6) metal carbonyl complexes. J Organomet Chem 2002; 664:214-22. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(02)01992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bergeron RJ, Müller R, Huang G, McManis JS, Algee SE, Yao H, Weimar WR, Wiegand J. Synthesis and evaluation of hydroxylated polyamine analogues as antiproliferatives. J Med Chem 2001; 44:2451-9. [PMID: 11448227 DOI: 10.1021/jm000532q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new means of accessing N(1)-cyclopropylmethyl-N(11)-ethylnorspermine (CPMENSPM) and the first synthesis of (2R,10S)-N(1)-cyclopropylmethyl-2,10-dihydroxy-N(11)-ethylnorspermine [(2R,10S)-(HO)(2)CPMENSPM] are described. Both of these polyamine analogues are shown to be more active against L1210 murine leukemia cell growth than either N(1),N(11)-diethylnorspermine (DENSPM) or (2R,10R)-N(1),N(11)-diethyl-2,10-dihydroxynorspermine [(2R,10R)-(HO)(2)DENSPM] after 96 h of treatment; the activity was comparable to that of (2S,10S)-N(1),N(11)-diethyl-2,10-dihydroxynorspermine [(2S,10S)-(HO)(2)DENSPM] at 96 h. Both cyclopropyl compounds reduced putrescine and spermidine pools, but less effectively than did DENSPM and its derivatives. Only CPMENSPM, and not (2R,10S)-(HO)(2)CPMENSPM, lowered spermine pools. As with DENSPM and (2R,10R)-(HO)(2)DENSPM, both cyclopropyl analogues diminished ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity. Unlike the hydroxylated DENSPM compounds, both cyclopropyl norspermines substantially upregulated spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase. The most interesting effect of hydroxylating CPMENSPM is the profound reduction in toxicity compared with that of the parent drug. The same phenomenon had been observed for the DENSPM/(2R,10R)-(HO)(2)DENSPM pair. Thus, hydroxylation of norspermine analogues appears to be a way to maintain the compounds' antiproliferative activity while reducing their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Bergeron
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, J. Hillis Miller Health Science Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.
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Zou Y, Wu Z, Sirisoma N, Woster PM, Casero RA, Weiss LM, Rattendi D, Lane S, Bacchi CJ. Novel alkylpolyamine analogues that possess both antitrypanosomal and antimicrosporidial activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1613-7. [PMID: 11412992 PMCID: PMC3109676 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of alkyl- or aralkyl-substituted polyamine analogues was synthesized containing a 3-7-3 polyamine backbone. These analogues were evaluated in vitro, and in one case in vivo, for activity as antitrypanosomal agents, and for activity against opportunistic infection caused by Microsporidia. Compound 21 inhibits trypanosomal growth with an IC(50) as low as 31nM, while compound 24 shows promising activity in vitro against trypanosomes, and against Microsporidia in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Zhiqian Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Nilantha Sirisoma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Patrick M. Woster
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.:+1-313-577-1525; fax: +1-313-577-2033;
| | - Robert A. Casero
- The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, 424 N. Bond St., Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Louis M. Weiss
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Donna Rattendi
- Haskins Laboratories and Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY 10038, USA
| | - Schennella Lane
- Haskins Laboratories and Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY 10038, USA
| | - Cyrus J. Bacchi
- Haskins Laboratories and Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY 10038, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Casero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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Stromgaard K, Brierley MJ, Andersen K, Sløk FA, Mellor IR, Usherwood PN, Krogsgaard-Larsen P, Jaroszewski JW. Analogues of neuroactive polyamine wasp toxins that lack inner basic sites exhibit enhanced antagonism toward a muscle-type mammalian nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. J Med Chem 1999; 42:5224-34. [PMID: 10602707 DOI: 10.1021/jm9903747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Philanthotoxin-433 (PhTX-433), a natural polyamine wasp toxin, is a noncompetitive antagonist of certain ionotropic receptors. Six analogues of PhTX-343 (a synthetic analogue of the natural product), in which the secondary amino groups are systematically replaced by oxygen or methylene groups, have been synthesized by coupling of N-(1-oxobutyl)tyrosine with 1,12-dodecanediamine, 4,9-dioxa-1, 12-dodecanediamine, or appropriately protected di- and triamines, the latter being obtained by multistep syntheses. The resulting PhTX-343 analogues were purified and characterized, and their protolytic properties (stepwise macroscopic pK(a) values) were determined by (13)C NMR titrations. All analogues are fully protonated at physiological pH. The effects of these compounds on acetylcholine-induced currents in TE671 cells clamped at various holding potentials were determined. All of the analogues noncompetitively antagonized the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a concentration-, time-, and voltage-dependent manner. The amplitudes of acetylcholine-induced currents were compared at their peaks and at the end of a 1 s application in the presence or absence of the analogues. Most of the analogues were equipotent with or more potent than PhTX-343. The dideaza analogue PhTX-12 [IC(50) of 0.3 microM (final current value)] was the most potent, representing the highest potency improvement (about 50-fold) yet achieved by modification of the parent compound (PhTX-343). Thus, the presence of multiple positive charges in the PhTX-343 molecule is not necessary for antagonism of nAChR. In contrast, the compounds were much less potent than PhTX-343 at locust muscle ionotropic glutamate receptors sensitive to quisqualate (qGluR). The results demonstrate that the selectivity for different types of ionotropic receptors can be achieved by manipulating the polyamine moiety of PhTX-343.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Stromgaard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and NeuroScience PharmaBiotec Research Center, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Coffey DS, McDonald AI, Overman LE. Preparation of (3S)-N,N-1,7-Bis-tert- butoxycarbonyl-3-hydroxyspermidine in High Enantiomeric Purity. J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jo991061m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Scott Coffey
- Department of Chemistry, 516 Rowland Hall, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Andrew I. McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, 516 Rowland Hall, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Larry E. Overman
- Department of Chemistry, 516 Rowland Hall, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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Lebreton L, Annat J, Derrepas P, Dutartre P, Renaut P. Structure-immunosuppressive activity relationships of new analogues of 15-deoxyspergualin. 1. Structural modifications of the hydroxyglycine moiety. J Med Chem 1999; 42:277-90. [PMID: 9925733 DOI: 10.1021/jm980431g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of new analogues of 15-deoxyspergualin (DSG), an immunosuppressive agent currently commercialized in Japan, was synthesized and tested in a graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) model in mice. Using the general concept of bioisosteric replacement, variations of the hydroxyglycine central "C" region were made in order to determine its optimum structure in terms of in vivo immunosuppressive activity. By this way, the malonic derivative 13a was discovered as the first example of a new series of potent immunosuppressive agents encompassing a retro-amide bond linked to the hexyl-guanidino moiety. Structure-activity relationships of this series were studied by synthesizing compounds 13g-i and 13k-s. Variation of the "right-amide" of 13a led to the urea 19a and the carbamates 23 and 27a which proved to be equally active as DSG in our GVHD model. Finally 27a was found to be the most potent derivative, being slightly more active than DSG in a heart allotransplantation model in rats. Due to the absence of chiral center in its structure and to its improved chemical stability compared to DSG, 27a was selected as a candidate for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lebreton
- Laboratoires Fournier S.A., Axe Immunologie, 50 Rue de Dijon, 21121 Daix, France
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Ha HC, Sirisoma NS, Kuppusamy P, Zweier JL, Woster PM, Casero RA. The natural polyamine spermine functions directly as a free radical scavenger. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:11140-5. [PMID: 9736703 PMCID: PMC21609 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.19.11140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyamines are small organic cations that are absolutely required for eukaryotic cell growth. Although their growth requirements are well established, the molecular functions of the polyamines are ill-defined. Oxidative damage to DNA by reactive oxygen species is a continual problem that cells must guard against to survive. The polyamine spermine, which is normally found in millimolar concentrations in the nucleus, is shown here to function directly as a free radical scavenger, and adducts formed as a result of this function are identified. These data suggest that spermine is a major natural intracellular compound capable of protecting DNA from free radical attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Ha
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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Ha HC, Yager JD, Woster PA, Casero RA. Structural specificity of polyamines and polyamine analogues in the protection of DNA from strand breaks induced by reactive oxygen species. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 244:298-303. [PMID: 9514920 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are known to induce strand breaks and/or base modifications in DNA. DNA strand breaks are associated with many pathologies and programmed cell death. We have examined the ability of the polyamines and their analogues to protect phi X-174 plasmid DNA from strand breakage induced by a oxygen-radical generating system. Spermine and several unsymmetrically substituted polyamine analogues reduced the amount of strand breakage at a physiologically relevant concentration of 1 mM. However, putrescine, spermidine, N1-acetylspermine, N1-acetylspermidine and symmetrically alkylated polyamine analogues were not able to reduce strand breakage at the same concentration. Thus, the unsymmetrically alkylated polyamine analogues and natural spermine can protect DNA against strand breakage induced by Cu(II)/H2O2 generated ROS similar to other more classical antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Ha
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Jentgens C, Bienz S, Hesse M. Selective Monoderivatization of Propane-1,3-diamine with Acid Chlorides: ?Hexahydropyrimidine method?vs. statistic methods. Helv Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19970800410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Muller D, Zeltser I, Bitan G, Gilon C. Building Units for N-Backbone Cyclic Peptides. 3. Synthesis of Protected N(alpha)-(omega-Aminoalkyl)amino Acids and N(alpha)-(omega-Carboxyalkyl)amino Acids. J Org Chem 1997; 62:411-416. [PMID: 11671417 DOI: 10.1021/jo961580e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An improved synthesis of a family of amino acids that contain omega-aminoalkyl groups and of a new family containing omega-carboxyalkyl groups linked to the alpha-amine is described. The synthesis was performed by alkylation of suitably monoprotected alkylenediamines and protected omega-amino acids with triflates of alpha-hydroxy acid esters. The reaction proceeded with inversion of configuration yielding optically pure products. The N(alpha)-(omega-aminoalkyl)amino acids and N(alpha)-(omega-carboxyalkyl)amino acids were orthogonally protected to allow their incorporation into peptides by solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Muller
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Bellevue FH, Boahbedason M, Wu R, Woster PM, Casero RA, Rattendi D, Lane S, Bacchi CJ. Structural comparison of alkylpolyamine analogues with potent in vitro antitumor or antiparasitic activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1996; 6:2765-70. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(96)00510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
In an effort to study the mechanism underlying the observed phenotype-specific response of human lung cancer cell lines to a polyamine analogue, N1,N12-bis(ethyl)spermine(BESpm), we have isolated a BESpm resistant cell line from the BESpm-sensitive large cell lung carcinoma line NCI H157. The mutant line exhibits identical growth rates in the presence or absence of the analogue. However, the overall growth of mutant cells reaches stationary phase earlier than that of the parental cells. In contrast to the parental cells, where a superinduction of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) is associated with BESpm toxicity, treatment of this resistant line with BESpm did not induce SSAT mRNA or enzyme activity. BESpm treatment was not effective in depleting the intracellular polyamine pools and very low intracellular BESpm levels were detected. This BESpm resistance is not mediated by multidrug resistance (MDR) protein, since these cells maintain their sensitivity to the antineoplastic agent adriamycin. Treatment of these cells with methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), an AdoMetDC inhibitor which enters cell using polyamine transport system, shows no inhibition of cell growth. Our data suggest that these mutant cells are deficient in polyamine transport. Consistent with this hypothesis, exogenous polyamines did not prevent difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) induced growth inhibition in the mutant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Shao
- Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 21231, USA
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Goulaouic-Dubois C, Guggisberg A, Hesse M. Synthesis and selective deprotection of the penta-N-protected polyamine 1,16-diamino-4,8,13-triazahexadecane. Tetrahedron 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)00811-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Casero RA, Mank AR, Saab NH, Wu R, Dyer WJ, Woster PM. Growth and biochemical effects of unsymmetrically substituted polyamine analogues in human lung tumor cells 1. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1995; 36:69-74. [PMID: 7720179 DOI: 10.1007/bf00685735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Three unsymmetrically substituted polyamine analogues demonstrate significant and selective antitumor effects. Each of the analogues N1-ethyl-N11-propargyl-4,8-diazaundecane (PENSpm), N1-ethyl-N11-(cyclobutyl)methyl-4,8-diazaundecane (CBENSpm), and N1-ethyl-N11-(cyclopropyl)methyl-4,8-diazaundecane (CPENSpm) is cytotoxic to a representative non-small-cell lung carcinoma line, NCI H157, while being only growth-inhibitory to a representative small-cell-lung carcinoma line, NCI H82. Cytotoxicity is accompanied by a significant increase in expression of the polyamine catabolic enzyme spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) at the levels of activity and steady-state mRNA. These new analogues are significant both for their cell-type-specific activity and as synthetic prototypes for the addition of SSAT-activated functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Casero
- Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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Doll MKH, Guggisberg A, Hesse M. N4-Benzoylspermidine fromOncinotis tenuiloba: Analytical differentiation of the three isomericN-benzoylspermidines. Helv Chim Acta 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19940770505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Chang BK, Bergeron RJ, Porter CW, Vinson JR, Liang Y, Libby PR. Regulatory and antiproliferative effects of N-alkylated polyamine analogues in human and hamster pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1992; 30:183-8. [PMID: 1628366 DOI: 10.1007/bf00686309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
N-Alkylated polyamine analogues have been shown to exert antiproliferative effects in several tumor models, with the bis-ethyl derivatives exerting the greatest suppression of polyamines by virtue of down-regulation of the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma presents a challenge both clinically and experimentally due to its inherent resistance to conventional therapy, which results in its having the worst 5-year survival rate of all cancers. We have previously shown that N1,N12-bis(ethyl)spermine (BESPM) is much more potent than the polyamine enzyme inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) against pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines. In the present study, we compared the biochemical and antiproliferative effects of two N-alkylated polyamine analogues, N1,N14-bis(ethyl)homospermine (BEHSPM) and N1,N11-bis(ethyl)norspermine (BENSPM) in two human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines, PANC-1 (poorly differentiated) and BxPC-3 (moderately well-differentiated), and in the WD PaCa (well-differentiated ductal) hamster cell line. BENSPM displayed greater antiproliferative activity in the human pancreatic cancer cell lines, whereas BEHSPM was more potent in the hamster cell line. Both BEHSPM and BENSPM suppress the activity of the major biosynthetic enzymes ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. However, the induction of polyamine depletion in the human cell lines was only modest for BENSPM and minimal for BEHSPM, which suggests that the substantial antiproliferative activity of these analogues may result from mechanisms other than polyamine depletion. The somewhat greater polyamine depletion seen following treatment with BENSPM is thought to result from its striking induction of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase. The biochemical and antiproliferative activity of BENSPM makes it an attractive agent for further preclinical and clinical development, especially in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Chang
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta
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Chang BK, Bergeron RJ, Porter CW, Liang Y. Antitumor effects of N-alkylated polyamine analogues in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma models. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1992; 30:179-82. [PMID: 1628365 DOI: 10.1007/bf00686308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas presents a formidable challenge both experimentally and clinically, whereby effective anticancer therapy is lacking. We have recently explored a relatively new class of antitumor agents in pancreatic cancer cell lines and have found the bis-ethyl derivatives of spermine to show considerable promise. In the present paper, we report the results of in vivo studies demonstrating the antitumor activity of two of these N-alkylated analogues, N1,N14-bis(ethyl)homospermine (BEHSPM) and N1,N11-bis(ethyl)norspermine (BENSPM) in athymic (nude) mouse xenografts of two human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines, PANC-1 (poorly differentiated) and BxPC-3 (moderately well-differentiated). BENSPM was found to exert greater antitumor activity in vivo than either BEHSPM or other conventional agents, largely because higher doses could be given due to its lower toxicity to mice. BENSPM shows greater activity than any other agent we have thus far tested against our pancreatic-cancer models. Optimal schedules of administration have yet to be determined. Nevertheless, of the analogues tested, BENSPM presently appears to be the analogue of choice for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Chang
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta
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Cohen GM, Cullis PM, Hartley JA, Mather A, Symons MCR, Wheelhouse RT. Targeting of cytotoxic agents by polyamines: synthesis of a chlorambucil–spermidine conjugate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1039/c39920000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Xiao L, Celano P, Mank AR, Pegg AE, Casero RA. Characterization of a full-length cDNA which codes for the human spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991; 179:407-15. [PMID: 1652956 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(91)91385-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of cellular polyamines. Using a combination of cDNA library screening and anchored PCR methodologies, a full length cDNA designated AP3/F7 corresponding to the human SSAT was cloned using RNA from the human large cell undifferentiated lung carcinoma line NCI H157. The resulting cDNA clone is 1,060 base pairs with a 513 base open reading frame coding for a 171 amino acid protein, with a predicted subunit molecular weight of 20,023. The 5' non-coding region of AP3/F7 is 165 bases and the 3' untranslated region is 382 bases with a polyadenylation site 20 bases 5' to the poly(A) tail. This full length cDNA should be an aid in the study of the regulation of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase expression and the significance of the acetyltransferase in polyamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xiao
- Oncology Center Laboratories, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
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Casero RA, Celano P, Ervin SJ, Applegren NB, Wiest L, Pegg AE. Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone that codes for human spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)35245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Karst H, Fokkens R, de Haan N, Heuver G, Hue B, Kruk C, Nibbering N, Piek T, Spanjer W, Tong Y, Van Der Vliet W. β-philanthotoxin, a novel glutamatergic antagonist for insect neuromuscular transmission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(90)90148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Denstman SC, Ervin SJ, Casero RA. Comparison of the effects of treatment with the polyamine analogue N1,N8 bis(ethyl)spermidine (BESpd) or difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) on the Topoisomerase II mediated formation of 4'-(9-acridinylamino) methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA) induced cleavable complex in the human lung carcinoma line NCI H157. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987; 149:194-202. [PMID: 2825697 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)91623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The positively charged polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are thought to be important in the maintenance of chromosomal structure. Polyamine depletion by the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, 2-difluoromethyl-ornithine (DFMO) is known to alter the effect of several DNA active agents, presumably resulting from the altered conformation of the polyamine depleted DNA. Here we compare the polyamine depletion effects of DFMO and the spermidine analogue N1,N8 bis(ethyl)spermidine (BESpd) on the formation of Topoisomerase II mediated, 4'-(9-acridinylamino) methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA) induced cleavable complex formation in human large cell undifferentiated lung carcinoma NCI H157 cells. This human cell line responds in the normal cytostatic manner to DFMO, whereas it responds in an unusual cytotoxic manner to treatment with BESpd. Here we report that neither DFMO nor BESpd alone affects the formation of cleavable complex. However, both compounds significantly enhance the m-AMSA induced formation of cleavable complex, each by approximately 1.6 fold. These results indicate that both DFMO and BESpd lead to a similar depletion of nuclear polyamines. Additionally, although BESpd closely resembles the natural polyamine spermidine, it appears that it cannot substitute for Spd at the level of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Denstman
- Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Abstract
Based on available evidence, it appears that polyamines are critical for proliferation of both normal and transformed cells. Although the requirement of polyamines for DNA replication and cell proliferation is established, the molecular events in which the polyamines are essential are yet unknown. Furthermore, transformed and cancer cells, possibly because of their higher proliferative rate, appear to be more dependent on polyamine metabolism than their normal counterparts. This has been shown by the in vivo response of tumor models and human tumor xenografts in nude mice to polyamine depletion by DFMO. Although there has been associated toxicity to the host, the inhibition of cell proliferation has been higher in the implanted tumors than in the host. DFMO, a specific irreversible inhibitor of ODC, has been used extensively in studies which have shed light on the role of polyamines in cell proliferation and differentiation. DFMO has shown interesting anti-tumor effect in a number of experimental tumor models. Currently, DFMO clinical trials are being completed, and it will be of interest to see whether this polyamine inhibitor, or other newer polyamine analogs and inhibitors, will find a place in the treatment of neoplastic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Luk
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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