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Uniform antibacterial cylindrical nanoparticles for enhancing the strength of nanocomposite hydrogels. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Antimicrobial Activity of Electrospun Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibers Filled with Poly[2-(tert-butylaminoethyl) Methacrylate]-Grafted Graphene Oxide Nanosheets. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1449. [PMID: 32605222 PMCID: PMC7408366 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel cationic polymer, poly[2-(tert-butylaminoethyl) methacrylate] (PTA), effectively kills various strains of bacteria with low toxicity to tissue cells. Graphene-based materials demonstrate exceptional electron transport capability, antibacterial activity, favorable nontoxicity, and versatile applicability. PTA can be grafted onto the graphene oxide (GO) surface (GO-g-PTA) to enhance the antimicrobial efficiency of the latter against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In this study, GO-g-PTA powders were successfully synthesized via free radical polymerization (GO-g-PTA-F) and atom transfer radical polymerization (GO-g-PTA-A). The antimicrobial efficiencies of graphene nanosheets (GNSs), GO-g-PTA-F, and GO-g-PTA-A were then investigated. Addition of GNS, GO-g-PTA-F, and GO-g-PTA-A to the PVA nanofibers was carried out elucidate the effects of filler amount and physical treatment on the morphology, microstructure, crystallization behaviors, antimicrobial efficiency, and cytotoxicity of the composite fibers. Finally, the potential applications of electrospun PVA/GNS, PVA/GO-g-PTA-F, and PVA/GO-g-PTA-A composite nanofiber mats to chronic wound care were evaluated. The resulting PVA/GO-g-PTA-A composite nanofiber mats showed enhanced antimicrobial ability against S. aureus compared with the PVA/GNS and PVA/GO-g-PTA-F composite nanofiber mats at the same filler volume percentage.
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Hydrogel-Coated Dental Device with Adhesion-Inhibiting and Colony-Suppressing Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:9718-9725. [PMID: 32027112 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection is the main cause of implantation failure worldwide, and the importance of antibiotics on medical devices has been undermined because of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial hydrogels have emerged as a promising approach to combat infections associated with medical devices and wound healing. However, hydrogel coatings that simultaneously possess both antifouling and antimicrobial attributes are scarce. Herein, we report an antimicrobial hydrogel that incorporates adhesion-inhibiting polyethylene glycol (PEG) and colony-suppressing chitosan (CS) as a dressing to combat bacterial infections. These two polymers have important environmentally benign characteristics including low toxicity, low volatility, and biocompatibility. Although hydrogels containing PEG and CS have been reported for applications in the fields of wound dressing, tissue repair, water purification, drug delivery, and scaffolds for bone regeneration, there still has been no report on the application of CS/PEG hydrogel coatings in dental applications. Herein, this biointerface shows superior activity in early-stage adhesion inhibition (98.8%, 5 h) and displays remarkably long-lasting colony-suppression activity (93.3%, 7 d). Thus, this novel nanomaterial, which has potential as a dual-functional platform with integrated antifouling and antimicrobial functions with excellent biocompatibility, might be used as a safe and effective antimicrobial coating in biomedical device applications.
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Influence of the interfacial molecular structures of quaternary ammonium-type poly(ionic liquid) brushes on their antibacterial properties. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01153c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl chains of C4 are more active in killing bacteria than C16 due to their orderly extension toward PBS solution.
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Engineering Antifouling and Antibacterial Stainless Steel for Orthodontic Appliances through Layer-by-Layer Deposition of Nanocomposite Coatings. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 3:486-494. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Intensifying the Antimicrobial Activity of Poly[2-( tert-butylamino)ethyl Methacrylate]/Polylactide Composites by Tailoring Their Chemical and Physical Structures. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:709-723. [PMID: 30589552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly[2-( tert-butylaminoethyl) methacrylate] (PTA), an important class of antimicrobial polymers, has demonstrated its great biocidal efficiency, favorable nontoxicity, and versatile applicability. To further enhance its antimicrobial efficiency, an optimization of the chemical structure of PTA polymers is performed via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in terms of the antimicrobial ability against Escherichia coli ( E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus). After the optimization, the resulting PTA is blended into a polylactide (PLA) matrix to form PTA/PLA composite thin films. It is first found, that the antimicrobial efficiency of PTA/PLA composites was significantly enhanced by controlling the PLA crystallinity and the PLA spherulite size. A possible mechanistic route regarding this new finding has been rationally discussed. Lastly, the cytotoxicity and mechanical properties of a PTA/PLA composite thin film exhibiting the best biocidal effect are evaluated for assessing its potential as a new material for creating antimicrobial biomedical devices.
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Evaluation of the role of substrate and albumin on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm morphology through FESEM and FTIR studies on polymeric biomaterials. Prog Biomater 2017; 6:27-38. [PMID: 28155216 PMCID: PMC5433955 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-017-0061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms pose the greatest challenge to implant surgeries leading to device-related infections and implant failure. Our present study aims at monitoring the variation in the biofilm architecture of a clinically isolated strain and ATCC 27853 strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on two polymeric biomaterials, used in implants. The perspective of our study is to recognize the potential of these two biomaterials to create biofilm infections and develop the understanding regarding their limitations of use and handle patients with this deeper insight. The final goal, however, is an accurate interpretation of substrate-microbe interactions in the two biomaterials, which will provide us the knowledge of possible surface modifications to develop of an efficacious anti-biofilm therapy for deterring implant infections. The reference strain ATCC 27853 and a clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa collected from urinary catheters of patients suffering from urinary tract infections, have been used as microbes while clinical grades of polypropylene and high density polyethylene, have been used as 'substrates' for biofilm growth. The variation in the nature of the 'substrate' and 'conditioning layer' of BSA have been found to affect the biofilm architecture as well as the physiology of the biofilm-forming bacteria, accompanied by an alteration in the nature and volume of EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) matrices.
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Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1105-1318. [PMID: 28135076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.
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Site-Specific Modulation of Charge Controls the Structure and Stimulus Responsiveness of Intrinsically Disordered Peptide Brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:5990-5996. [PMID: 27203736 PMCID: PMC5343758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are an important and emerging class of materials for tailoring biointerfaces. While the importance of chain charge and resultant electrostatic interactions in controlling conformational properties of IDPs is beginning to be explored through in silico approaches, there is a dearth of experimental studies motivated toward a systematic study of these effects. In an effort to explore this relationship, we measured the conformations of two peptides derived from the intrinsically disordered neurofilament (NF) side arm domain: one depicting the wild-type sequence with four lysine-serine-proline repeats (KSP peptide) and another in which the serine residues were replaced with aspartates (KDP peptide), a strategy sometimes used to mimic phosphorylation. Using a variety of biophysical measurements including a novel application of scanning angle interference microscopy, we demonstrate that the KDP peptide assumes comparatively more expanded conformations in solution and forms significantly thicker brushes when immobilized on planar surfaces at high densities. In both settings, the peptides respond to changes in ambient ionic strength, with each peptide showing distinct stimulus-responsive characteristics. While the KDP peptide undergoes compaction with increasing ionic strength as would be expected for a polyampholyte, the KSP peptide shows biphasic behavior, with an initial compaction followed by an expanded state at a higher ionic strength. Together these results support the notion that modulation of charge on IDPs can regulate conformational and interfacial properties.
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Unveiling the effect of three-dimensional bioactive fibre mesh scaffolds functionalized with silanol groups on bacteria growth. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2189-99. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Effects of Grafting Density and Film Thickness on the Adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis to Poly(2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) and Poly(poly(ethylene glycol)methacrylate) Brushes. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:676-85. [PMID: 26757483 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thin polymer films that prevent the adhesion of bacteria are of interest as coatings for the development of infection-resistant biomaterials. This study investigates the influence of grafting density and film thickness on the adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis to poly(poly(ethylene glycol)methacrylate) (PPEGMA) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) brushes prepared via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). These brushes are compared with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) brushes, which are obtained by grafting PEG onto an epoxide-modified substrate. Except for very low grafting densities (ρ = 1%), crystal violet staining experiments show that the PHEMA and PPEGMA brushes are equally effective as the PEG-modified surfaces in preventing S. epidermis adhesion and do not reveal any significant variations as a function of film thickness or grafting density. These results indicate that brushes generated by SI-ATRP are an attractive alternative to grafted-onto PEG films for the preparation of surface coatings that resist bacterial adhesion.
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Silver–polysaccharide antimicrobial nanocomposite coating for methacrylic surfaces reduces Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation in vitro. J Dent 2015; 43:1483-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Copper-Mediated Living Radical Polymerization (Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Copper(0) Mediated Polymerization): From Fundamentals to Bioapplications. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1803-949. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Preparation of water dispersible poly(methyl methacrylate)-based vesicles for facile persistent antibacterial applications. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-016-1725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rationally Engineering Dual Missions in One Statistical Copolymer Nanocapsule: Bacterial Inhibition and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Capturing. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:511-515. [PMID: 35596294 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Effective inhibition of bacteria and removal of carcinogenic organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are important technical challenges in water purification because most of the traditional filter membranes are prone to being biologically contaminated by bacteria and difficult to filter off PAHs. Herein we present the synthesis and characterization of a novel multifunctional nanocapsule (vesicle) based on a statistical copolymer, poly[[2-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-ylamino)propyl methacrylate]-stat-[2-(tert-butylamino)ethyl methacrylate]] [P(HNA23-stat-TA20)], which can be easily synthesized in one step. The TA moiety is engineered for effective bacterial inhibition, while the HNA moiety is in charge of the capturing of PAHs by π-π stacking. The nanocapsules can effectively inhibit bacteria and quickly reduce the pyrene content in water to an extremely low residual concentration of 5.6 (in 1 min) or 0.56 (in 60 min) parts per billion (ppb). Moreover, this rational engineering principle could be extended by statistically copolymerizing HNA with other functional monomers for designing a range of multifunctional nanomaterials.
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Antimicrobial activity of a tissue conditioner combined with a biocide polymer. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:101-6. [PMID: 25906799 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characteristics of tissue conditioners support microorganism development that can threaten the health of the dentures user. PURPOSE The object of this study was to evaluate the effect on antimicrobial activity, roughness and wettability surface of a tissue conditioners material combined with the antimicrobial polymer poly (2-tert-butilaminoethyl) methacrylate (PTBAEMA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens of tissue conditioner (Coe Soft(®)) were divided into three groups, according to the concentration of PTBAEMA incorporated (0, 10 and 25%). Antimicrobial activity was assessed by adherence assay of one of the microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Roughness measurements were made using a Mitutoyo SJ-400, and the mean arithmetic roughness values (Ra) obtained were used for the comparisons. The wettability properties were determined by contact angle measurements. RESULTS The group containing 25% of PTBAEMA inhibited totally the S. aureus and S. mutans biofilm formation. A significant reduc tion in the S. aureus (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0,001) and S. mutans (Kruscal-Wallis, p = 0,001) count for 10% PTBAEMA group compared with respective control group. No significant difference was found for C. albicans among PTBAEMA groups and control group (ANOVA, p > 0,05). Incorporating 10 and 25% PTBAEMA increased surface roughness and decreased contact angles (ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests, α = 5%). CONCLUSION Incorporating 10% PTBAEMA into tissue conditioner increases wettability and roughness of tissue conditioner surface; and decreases the adhesion of S. mutans and S. aureus on material surface, but did not exhibit antimicrobial effect against C. albicans. SIGNIFICANCE The PTBAEMA incorporated into tissue conditioner could prevent biofilm formation on elderly patient.
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Grafting of ionic liquids on stainless steel surface for antibacterial application. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 126:162-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Antibacterial and antibiofilm surfaces through polydopamine-assisted immobilization of lysostaphin as an antibacterial enzyme. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:1064-1073. [PMID: 25547537 DOI: 10.1021/la503911m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and the colonization of bacteria on surfaces, often as biofilms, prolong hospitalization periods, increase mortality, and are thus major concerns for health care providers. There is an urgent need for antimicrobial and antibiofilm surface treatments that are permanent, can eradicate both biofilms and planktonic pathogens over long periods of time, and do not select for resistant strains. In this study, we have demonstrated a simple, robust, and biocompatible method that utilizes the adhesive property of polydopamine (PDA) to covalently attach the antimicrobial enzyme lysostaphin (Lst) to a variety of surfaces to generate antibacterial and antibiofilm interfaces. The immobilization of the recombinant Lst onto PDA-coated surfaces was carried out under physiological conditions, most probably through the C-terminal His6-tag fragment of the enzyme, minimizing the losses of bioagent activity. The modified surfaces were extensively characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and peak force quantitative nanomechanical mapping (PeakForce QNM) AFM-based method, and the presence of Lst on the surfaces was further confirmed immunochemically using anti-Lst antibody. We also found that, in contrast to the physically adsorbed Lst, the covalently attached Lst does not leach from the surfaces and maintains its endopeptidase activity to degrade the staphylococcal cell wall, avoiding most intracellular bacterial resistance mechanisms. Moreover, the Lst-coated surfaces kill hospital strains of Staphylococcus aureus in less than 15 min and prevent biofilm formation. This immobilization method should be applicable also to other proteins and enzymes that are recombinantly expressed to include the His6-tag fragment.
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Abstract
We report the facile synthesis of antibacterial polymersomes in pure water, which show good antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and can be sprayed in places which are susceptible to bacterial attack.
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Abstract
Better health is basic requirement of human being, but the rapid growth of harmful pathogens and their serious health effects pose a significant challenge to modern science. Infections by pathogenic microorganisms are of great concern in many fields such as medical devices, drugs, hospital surfaces/furniture, dental restoration, surgery equipment, health care products, and hygienic applications (e.g., water purification systems, textiles, food packaging and storage, major or domestic appliances etc.) Antimicrobial polymers are the materials having the capability to kill/inhibit the growth of microbes on their surface or surrounding environment. Recently, they gained considerable interest for both academic research and industry and were found to be better than their small molecular counterparts in terms of enhanced efficacy, reduced toxicity, minimized environmental problems, resistance, and prolonged lifetime. Hence, efforts have focused on the development of antimicrobial polymers with all desired characters for optimum activity. In this Review, an overview of different antimicrobial polymers, their mechanism of action, factors affecting antimicrobial activity, and application in various fields are given. Recent advances and the current clinical status of these polymers are also discussed.
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Surface-initiated polymer brushes in the biomedical field: applications in membrane science, biosensing, cell culture, regenerative medicine and antibacterial coatings. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10976-1026. [PMID: 25353708 DOI: 10.1021/cr500252u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Electrodeposition of thin poly(propylene glycol) acrylate electrolytes on 3D-nanopillar electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Layer-by-layer deposition of antifouling coatings on stainless steel via catechol-amine reaction. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04336g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The PEI/P(DMA-co-PEGMEMA) multiple bilayer-coated surfaces can effectively reduce microfouling and macrofouling.
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Abstract
A topical review on recent advances in the research and applications of antimicrobial polymeric nanostructures, such as silver-decorated polymeric nanostructures, and polymeric micelles and vesicles based on antimicrobial polymers and antimicrobial peptides.
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Surface confined atom transfer radical polymerization: access to custom library of polymer-based hybrid materials for speciality applications. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Direct growth of polymer brushes from an electrodeposited conducting poly(dithienylpyrrole) layer functionalized with ATRP initiating moieties. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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"Grafting-from" polymerization of PMMA from stainless steel surfaces by a RAFT-mediated polymerization process. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:12834-12843. [PMID: 24053195 DOI: 10.1021/la402870p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of grafted PMMA homopolymer films is reported using a surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (SI-RAFT) polymerization from a RAFT-agent immobilized on a silanized stainless steel surface. Therefore, stainless steel surfaces were hydroxylated with piranha solution followed by silanization with 3-aminopropylsilane (APS). The pendant primary amino groups of the cross-linked polysiloxane layer were reacted with 4-cyano-4-[(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)sulfanyl]pentanoic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester to produce a surface with covalently immobilized RAFT agents. PMMA homopolymers of different molecular weights between 13 060 and 45 000 g/mol were then prepared by a surface-initiated RAFT polymerization. Molecular weight (MW) and polydispersity index (PDI) were determined from sacrificial polymerization in solution. The different steps of stainless steel surface modification and the ultrathin films were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), static, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), and ellipsometry.
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Cationic antimicrobial polymers and their assemblies. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:9906-46. [PMID: 23665898 PMCID: PMC3676821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14059906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic compounds are promising candidates for development of antimicrobial agents. Positive charges attached to surfaces, particles, polymers, peptides or bilayers have been used as antimicrobial agents by themselves or in sophisticated formulations. The main positively charged moieties in these natural or synthetic structures are quaternary ammonium groups, resulting in quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). The advantage of amphiphilic cationic polymers when compared to small amphiphilic molecules is their enhanced microbicidal activity. Besides, many of these polymeric structures also show low toxicity to human cells; a major requirement for biomedical applications. Determination of the specific elements in polymers, which affect their antimicrobial activity, has been previously difficult due to broad molecular weight distributions and random sequences characteristic of radical polymerization. With the advances in polymerization control, selection of well defined polymers and structures are allowing greater insight into their structure-antimicrobial activity relationship. On the other hand, antimicrobial polymers grafted or self-assembled to inert or non inert vehicles can yield hybrid antimicrobial nanostructures or films, which can act as antimicrobials by themselves or deliver bioactive molecules for a variety of applications, such as wound dressing, photodynamic antimicrobial therapy, food packing and preservation and antifouling applications.
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Biomimetic design of amphiphilic polycations and surface grafting onto polycarbonate urethane film as effective antibacterial agents with controlled hemocompatibility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Effect of an acrylic resin combined with an antimicrobial polymer on biofilm formation. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 20:643-8. [PMID: 23329246 PMCID: PMC3881852 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572012000600009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of an acrylic
resin combined with an antimicrobial polymer poly (2-tert-butylaminoethyl)
methacrylate (PTBAEMA) to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus
mutans and Candida albicans biofilm formation. Material and Methods Discs of a heat-polymerized acrylic resin were produced and divided according to
PTBAEMA concentration: 0 (control), 10 and 25%. The specimens were inoculated
(107 CFU/mL) and incubated at 37ºC for 48 h. After
incubation, the wells were washed and each specimen was sonicated for 20 min.
Replicate aliquots of resultant suspensions were plated at dilutions at
37ºC for 48 h. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) was counted and
expressed as log (CFU+1)/mL and analyzed statistically with α=.05. Results The results showed that 25% PTBAEMA completely inhibited S.
aureus and S. mutans biofilm formation. A significant
reduction of log (CFU+1)/mL in count of S. aureus (control:
7.9±0.8A; 10%: 3.8±3.3B) and S. mutans (control:
7.5±0.7A; 10%: 5.1±2.7B) was observed for the group containing 10%
PTBAEMA (Mann-Whitney, p<0.05). For C. albicans, differences
were not significant among the groups (control: 6.6±0.2A; 10%:
6.6±0.4A; 25%: 6.4±0.1A), (Kruskal-Wallis, p>0.05, P=0.079). Conclusions Acrylic resin combined with 10 and 25% of PTBAEMA showed significant antimicrobial
activity against S. aureus and S. mutans
biofilm, but it was inactive against the C. albicans
biofilm.
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Poly[tri(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether methacrylate]-coated surfaces for controlled fibroblasts culturing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:2197-207. [PMID: 23448307 DOI: 10.1021/am3031882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined thermosensitive poly[tri(ethylene glycol) monoethyl ether methacrylate] (P(TEGMA-EE)) brushes were synthesized on a solid substrate by the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of TEGMA-EE. The polymerization reaction was initiated by 2-bromo-2-methylpropionate groups immobilized on the surface of the wafers. The changes in the surface composition, morphology, philicity, and thickness that occurred at each step of wafer functionalization confirmed that all surface modification procedures were successful. Both the successful modification of the surface and bonding of the P(TEGMA-EE) layer were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. The thickness of the obtained P(TEGMA-EE) layers increased with increasing polymerization time. The increase of environmental temperature above the cloud point temperature of P(TEGMA-EE) caused the changes of surface philicity. A simultaneous decrease in the polymer layer thickness confirmed the thermosensitive properties of these P(TEGMA-EE) layers. The thermosensitive polymer surfaces obtained were evaluated for the growth and harvesting of human fibroblasts (basic skin cells). At 37 °C, seeded cells adhered to and spread well onto the P(TEGMA-EE)-coated surfaces. A confluent cell sheet was formed within 24 h of cell culture. Lowering the temperature to an optimal value of 17.5 °C (below the cloud point temperature of the polymer, TCP, in cell culture medium) led to the separation of the fibroblast sheet from the polymer layer. These promising results indicate that the surfaces produced may successfully be used as substrate for engineering of skin tissue, especially for delivering cell sheets in the treatment of burns and slow-healing wounds.
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Simple Method to Fabricate an Biocompatible Antibacterial Surface on a Versatile Substrate through an Antiadhesion Approach. CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2012.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Preparation of antibacterial poly(methyl methacrylate) by solution blending with water-insoluble antibacterial agent poly[(tert-buty1amino) ethyl methacrylate]. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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A substrate-independent method for surface grafting polymer layers by atom transfer radical polymerization: reduction of protein adsorption. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:608-18. [PMID: 22023749 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A general method for producing low-fouling biomaterials on any surface by surface-initiated grafting of polymer brushes is presented. Our procedure uses radiofrequency glow discharge thin film deposition followed by macro-initiator coupling and then surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) to prepare neutral polymer brushes on planar substrates. Coatings were produced on substrates with variable interfacial composition and mechanical properties such as hard inorganic/metal substrates (silicon and gold) or flexible (perfluorinated poly(ethylene-co-propylene) film) and rigid (microtitre plates) polymeric materials. First, surfaces were functionalized via deposition of an allylamine plasma polymer thin film followed by covalent coupling of a macro-initiator composed partly of ATRP initiator groups. Successful grafting of a hydrophilic polymer layer was achieved by SI-ATRP of N,N'-dimethylacrylamide in aqueous media at room temperature. We exemplified how this method could be used to create surface coatings with significantly reduced protein adsorption on different material substrates. Protein binding experiments using labelled human serum albumin on grafted materials resulted in quantitative evidence for low-fouling compared to control surfaces.
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Water-dispersible and biodegradable polymer micelles with good antibacterial efficacy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:6857-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31529g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Non-leaching antimicrobial surfaces through polydopamine bio-inspired coating of quaternary ammonium salts or an ultrashort antimicrobial lipopeptide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13994k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Synthesis and antibacterial characterization of gemini surfactant monomers and copolymers. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py00558a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Effect of incorporation of 2-tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate on flexural strength of a denture base acrylic resin. J Appl Oral Sci 2011; 19:195-9. [PMID: 21625732 PMCID: PMC4234328 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572011000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resins have commonly been used as a denture base material. However, denture bases may act as a reservoir for microorganisms and contribute to oral diseases in denture wearers. It is hypothesized that the 2-tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate (TBAEMA) incorporated to acrylic resins should have antimicrobial activity related to the presence of amino groups on acrylic resin surface. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to evaluate the presence of amino groups on acrylic resin surface and the influence on flexural strength after incorporation of TBAEMA. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six groups were divided according to the concentration of TBAEMA incorporated to acrylic resin (Lucitone 550): 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 1.75 and 2%. Specimens surface were evaluated by Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) to detect the presence of amino groups, represented by nitrogen ratios. Flexural strength of the specimens was tested and results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS Different nitrogen ratios were observed on specimen surfaces: 0, 0.13, 0.74, 0.66, 0.92 and 0.33% for groups 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 1.75, and 2%, respectively. Significant differences were found for flexural strength (p<0.001). The mean flexural strength values were 98.3±3.9, 93.3±3.2, 83.9±2.1, 82.8±5.2, 71.2±5.1 and 17.3±3.2 MPa for groups 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 1.75, and 2%, respectively. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, the incorporation of TBAEMA results in the presence of the potentially antimicrobial amino groups on specimen surfaces, but affect the flexural strength, depending on the concentration of TBAEMA.
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Bacterial adhesion reduction on a biocompatible Si+ ion implanted austenitic stainless steel. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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A survey of the 2006-2009 quartz crystal microbalance biosensor literature. J Mol Recognit 2011; 24:754-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Biocompatible carbohydrate-functionalized stainless steel surfaces: a new method for passivating biomedical implants. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:1601-1612. [PMID: 21438637 DOI: 10.1021/am200158y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A convenient method for passivating and functionalizing stainless steel is described. Several methods of coating stainless steel (SS) samples with silica were investigated and of these methods, a thin (less than 15 nm thick) layer of silica created by atomic layer deposition (ALD) was found to give superior performance in electrochemical testing. These interfaces were then used as a platform for further functionalization with molecules of biological interest. Specifically, the SS samples were functionalized with biologically significant carbohydrates [N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and D-galactose (Gal)] that contain trialkoxysilane derivatives as chemical handles for linking to the surface. The presence and biological availability of these moieties on the silica coated SS were confirmed by XPS analysis and an enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA) using complementary lectins that specifically recognize the surface-bound carbohydrate. This method has the potential of being adapted to the functionalization of stainless steel biomedical implants with other biologically relevant carbohydrates.
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Covalent layer-by-layer assembly of polyethyleneimine multilayer for antibacterial applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 95:454-64. [PMID: 20648543 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayer film (PMF) is conventionally fabricated by the layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of a pair of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes on a substrate through electrostatic attractions. However, the lack of long-term stability of PMF under physiological conditions limits its application as antimicrobial coating in medical devices. In this study, a stable PMF composed of only polyethyleneimine (PEI) was constructed by covalent LBL deposition. First, the specific buildup of PEI during covalent LBL assembly was validated by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Second, silver (Ag) nanoparticles were incorporated into PEI multilayers through in situ reduction of Ag(+) by the pre-absorption of NaBH(4). It was also shown that the mass of Ag nanoparticle can be controlled by varying multilayer thickness and loading cycles. Bacterial live/dead assay showed that the PEI multilayers effectively killed Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli upon contact formation. The inclusion of Ag nanoparticles in (PEI) film not only enhanced the antimicrobial property against adherent bacteria but also led to the inhibition of the bacteria growth in suspended culture via the long-term release of Ag(+) into the liquid medium.
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Sustainable and bio-inspired chemistry for robust antibacterial activity of stainless steel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11380a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Silver-polysaccharide nanocomposite antimicrobial coatings for methacrylic thermosets. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:337-46. [PMID: 20656078 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A glycidylmethacrylate (BisGMA)/triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) thermosets are receiving increasing attention as biomaterials for dental and orthopedic applications; for both these fields, bacterial adhesion to the surface of the implant represents a major issue for the outcome of the surgical procedure. Moreover, the biological behaviour of these materials is influenced by their ability to establish proper interactions between their surface and the eukaryotic cells of the surrounding tissues, which is important for good implant integration. The aim of this work was to develop an antimicrobial non-cytotoxic coating for methacrylic thermosets by means of a nanocomposite material based on a lactose-modified chitosan and antibacterial silver nanoparticles. The coating was characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry, optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vitro tests were employed for a biological characterization of the material: antimicrobial efficacy tests were carried out with both Gram+ and Gram- strains. Osteoblast-like cell-lines, primary human fibroblasts and adipose-derived stem cells, were used for LDH cytotoxicity assays and Alamar blue cell proliferation assays. Cell morphology and distribution were evaluated by SEM and confocal laser scanning microscopy. In vitro results showed that the nanocomposite coating is effective in killing both bacterial strains and that this material does not exert any significant cytotoxic effect towards tested cells, which are able to firmly attach and proliferate on the surface of the coating. Such biocompatible antimicrobial polymeric films containing silver nanoparticles may have good potential for surface modification of medical devices, especially for prosthetic applications in orthopedics and dentistry.
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Electrochemical Deposition and Surface-Initiated RAFT Polymerization: Protein and Cell-Resistant PPEGMEMA Polymer Brushes. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:3422-31. [DOI: 10.1021/bm1009365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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