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Ren W, Wang M, Sun X, Hepp E, Xu J. The Roles of Microprobe in Localized Electrodeposition: Electrolyte Localized Transport and Force-Displacement Sensitivity. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2024; 11:e743-e750. [PMID: 38694833 PMCID: PMC11058414 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Facing the rapid development of 6G communication, long-wave infrared metasurface and biomimetic microfluidics, the performance requirements for microsystems based on metal tiny structures are gradually increasing. As one of powerful methods for fabrication metal complex microstructures, localized electrochemical deposition microadditive manufacturing technology can fabricate copper metal micro overhanging structures without masks and supporting materials. In this study, the role of the microprobe cantilever (MC) in localized electrodeposition was studied. The MC can be used for precise deposition with electrolyte localized transport function and high accuracy force-displacement sensitivity. To prove this, the electrolyte flow was simulated when the MC was in bending or normal state. The simulation results can indicate the influence of turbulent flow on the electrolyte flow velocity and the pressure at the end of the pyramid. The results show that the internal flow velocity increased by 8.9% in the bending probe as compared with normal. Besides, this study analyzed the force-potential sensitivity characteristics of the MC. Using the deformation of the MC as an intermediate variable, the model of the probe tip displacement caused by the growth of the deposit and the voltage value displayed by the photodetector was mathematically established. In addition, the deposition of a single voxel was simulated by simulation process with the simulated height of 520 nm for one voxel, and the coincidence of simulation and experimental results was 93.1%. In conclusion, this method provides a new way for localized electrodeposition of complex microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfei Ren
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Manfei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoqing Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | | | - Jinkai Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
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2
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Frutiger A, Tanno A, Hwu S, Tiefenauer RF, Vörös J, Nakatsuka N. Nonspecific Binding-Fundamental Concepts and Consequences for Biosensing Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:8095-8160. [PMID: 34105942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nature achieves differentiation of specific and nonspecific binding in molecular interactions through precise control of biomolecules in space and time. Artificial systems such as biosensors that rely on distinguishing specific molecular binding events in a sea of nonspecific interactions have struggled to overcome this issue. Despite the numerous technological advancements in biosensor technologies, nonspecific binding has remained a critical bottleneck due to the lack of a fundamental understanding of the phenomenon. To date, the identity, cause, and influence of nonspecific binding remain topics of debate within the scientific community. In this review, we discuss the evolution of the concept of nonspecific binding over the past five decades based upon the thermodynamic, intermolecular, and structural perspectives to provide classification frameworks for biomolecular interactions. Further, we introduce various theoretical models that predict the expected behavior of biosensors in physiologically relevant environments to calculate the theoretical detection limit and to optimize sensor performance. We conclude by discussing existing practical approaches to tackle the nonspecific binding challenge in vitro for biosensing platforms and how we can both address and harness nonspecific interactions for in vivo systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Frutiger
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Tanno
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Hwu
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Raphael F Tiefenauer
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Nako Nakatsuka
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
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3
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Park MU, Bae Y, Lee KS, Song JH, Lee SM, Yoo KH. Collective dynamics of neuronal activities in various modular networks. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:951-961. [PMID: 33475100 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01106a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Modularity is a key feature of structural and functional brain networks. However, the association between the structure and function of modular brain networks has not been revealed. We constructed three types of modular cortical networks in vitro and investigated their neuronal activities. The modular networks comprising 4, 3, or 2 modules were constructed using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microstructures fabricated directly on a multi-electrode array (MEA) without transfer. The 4-module network had the strongest modular connectivity, followed by the 3-module and 2-module networks. To investigate how neuronal activities were affected by the modular network structure, spontaneous neuronal activities were recorded on different days in vitro and analyzed based on spike amplitudes, network bursts, and the propagation properties of individual spikes. Different characteristics were observed depending on the network topology and modular connectivity. Moreover, when an electrode was stimulated by biphasic voltage pulses, bursts were elicited for the 4-module network, whereas spikes were elicited for the 3-module and 2-module networks. Direct fabrication of the PDMS microstructures on the MEA without transfer allows microscale construction of modular networks and high-density functional recording; therefore, the technique utilizing the PDMS microstructures can be applied to the systematic study of the dynamics of modular neuronal networks in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Uk Park
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Dissociation Constant of Integrin-RGD Binding in Live Cells from Automated Micropipette and Label-Free Optical Data. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11020032. [PMID: 33498959 PMCID: PMC7911545 DOI: 10.3390/bios11020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The binding of integrin proteins to peptide sequences such as arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) is a crucial step in the adhesion process of mammalian cells. While these bonds can be examined between purified proteins and their ligands, live-cell assays are better suited to gain biologically relevant information. Here we apply a computer-controlled micropipette (CCMP) to measure the dissociation constant (Kd) of integrin-RGD-binding. Surface coatings with varying RGD densities were prepared, and the detachment of single cells from these surfaces was measured by applying a local flow inducing hydrodynamic lifting force on the targeted cells in discrete steps. The average behavior of the populations was then fit according to the chemical law of mass action. To verify the resulting value of Kd2d = (4503 ± 1673) 1/µm2, a resonant waveguide grating based biosensor was used, characterizing and fitting the adhesion kinetics of the cell populations. Both methods yielded a Kd within the same range. Furthermore, an analysis of subpopulations was presented, confirming the ability of CCMP to characterize cell adhesion both on single cell and whole population levels. The introduced methodologies offer convenient and automated routes to quantify the adhesivity of living cells before their further processing.
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5
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Ren W, Xu J, Lian Z, Yu P, Yu H. Modeling and Experimental Study of the Localized Electrochemical Micro Additive Manufacturing Technology Based on the FluidFM. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2783. [PMID: 32575589 PMCID: PMC7345769 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the localized electrochemical micro additive manufacturing technology based on the FluidFM (fluidic force microscope) has been introduced to fabricate micro three-dimensional overhang metal structures at sub-micron resolution. It breaks through the localized deposition previously achieved by micro-anode precision movement, and the micro-injection of the electrolyte is achieved in a stable electric field distribution. The structure of electrochemical facilities has been designed and optimized. More importantly, the local electrochemical deposition process has been analyzed with positive source diffusion, and the mathematical modeling has been revealed in the particle conversion process. A mathematical model is proposed for the species flux under the action of pulsed pressure in an innovatively localized liquid feeding process. Besides, the linear structure, bulk structure, complex structure, and large-area structure of the additive manufacturing are analyzed separately. The experimental diameter of the deposited cylinder structure is linearly fitted. The aspect ratio of the structure is greater than 20, the surface roughness value is between 0.1-0.2 μm at the surface of bulk structures, and the abilities are verified for deposition of overhang, hollow complex structures. Moreover, this work verifies the feasibility of 3D overhang array submicron structure additive manufacturing, with the application of pulsed pressure. Furthermore, this technology opens new avenues for the direct fabrication of nano circuit interconnection, tiny sensors, and micro antennas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinkai Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130012, China; (W.R.); (Z.L.); (P.Y.)
| | | | | | - Huadong Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130012, China; (W.R.); (Z.L.); (P.Y.)
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6
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Kautz R, Phan L, Arulmoli J, Chatterjee A, Kerr JP, Naeim M, Long J, Allevato A, Leal-Cruz JE, Le L, Derakhshan P, Tombola F, Flanagan LA, Gorodetsky AA. Growth and Spatial Control of Murine Neural Stem Cells on Reflectin Films. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1311-1320. [PMID: 33455403 PMCID: PMC7833438 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have attracted significant attention due to their regenerative capabilities and their potential for the treatment of disease. Consequently, significant research effort has focused on the development of protein- and polypeptide-based materials as stem cell substrates and scaffolds. Here, we explore the ability of reflectin, a cephalopod structural protein, to support the growth of murine neural stem/progenitor cells (mNSPCs). We observe that the binding, growth, and differentiation of mNSPCs on reflectin films is comparable to that on more established protein-based materials. Moreover, we find that heparin selectively inhibits the adhesion of mNSPCs on reflectin, affording spatial control of cell growth and leading to a >30-fold change in cell density on patterned substrates. The described findings highlight the potential utility of reflectin as a stem cell culture material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rylan Kautz
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, 916 Engineering Tower, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Long Phan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, 916 Engineering Tower, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Janahan Arulmoli
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California, Irvine, 3120
Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Sue
and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, 845 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Atrouli Chatterjee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, 916 Engineering Tower, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Justin P. Kerr
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 4200 Engineering Gateway Building, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Mahan Naeim
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California, Irvine, 3120
Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - James Long
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, 916 Engineering Tower, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Alex Allevato
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, 916 Engineering Tower, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jessica E. Leal-Cruz
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, 916 Engineering Tower, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - LeAnn Le
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, 916 Engineering Tower, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Parsa Derakhshan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, 916 Engineering Tower, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Francesco Tombola
- Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, University
of California, Irvine, 825 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Lisa A. Flanagan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California, Irvine, 3120
Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Sue
and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, 845 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Neurology, University of California,
Irvine, 200 South Manchester
Avenue, Orange, California 92868, United States
| | - Alon A. Gorodetsky
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, 916 Engineering Tower, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, 1102 Natural
Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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7
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Behm LVJ, Gerike S, Grauel MK, Uhlig K, Pfisterer F, Baumann W, Bier FF, Duschl C, Kirschbaum M. Micropatterned Thermoresponsive Cell Culture Substrates for Dynamically Controlling Neurite Outgrowth and Neuronal Connectivity in Vitro. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:2853-2861. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura V. J. Behm
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Potsdam IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Susanna Gerike
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Potsdam IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M. Katharina Grauel
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Uhlig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Potsdam IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Felix Pfisterer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Potsdam IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Werner Baumann
- Chair for Biophysics, University of Rostock, Gertrudenstr. 11a, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank F. Bier
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Potsdam IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claus Duschl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Potsdam IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Kirschbaum
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Potsdam IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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8
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Holloway PM, Hallinan GI, Hegde M, Lane SIR, Deinhardt K, West J. Asymmetric confinement for defining outgrowth directionality. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1484-1489. [PMID: 30899932 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00078j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Directional connectivity is required to develop accurate in vitro models of the nervous system. This research investigated the interaction of murine neuronal outgrowths with asymmetric microstructured geometries to provide insights into the mechanisms governing unidirectional outgrowth bias. The structures were designed using edge-guidance and critical turning angle principles to study different prohibitive to permissive edge-guidance ratios. The different structures enable outgrowth in the permissive direction, while reducing outgrowth in the prohibitive direction. Outgrowth bias was probabilistic in nature, requiring multiple structures for effective unidirectional bias in primary hippocampal cultures at 14 days in vitro. Arrowhead structures with acute posterior corners were optimal, enabling 100% unidirectional outgrowth bias by virtue of re-routing and delay effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Holloway
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK.
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9
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Weydert S, Girardin S, Cui X, Zürcher S, Peter T, Wirz R, Sterner O, Stauffer F, Aebersold MJ, Tanner S, Thompson-Steckel G, Forró C, Tosatti S, Vörös J. A Versatile Protein and Cell Patterning Method Suitable for Long-Term Neural Cultures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2966-2975. [PMID: 30767535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present an easy-to-use protein and cell patterning method relying solely on pipetting, rinsing steps and illumination with a desktop lamp, which does not require any expensive laboratory equipment, custom-built hardware or delicate chemistry. This method is based on the adhesion promoter poly(allylamine)-grafted perfluorophenyl azide, which allows UV-induced cross-linking with proteins and the antifouling molecule poly(vinylpyrrolidone). Versatility is demonstrated by creating patterns with two different proteins and a polysaccharide directly on plastic well plates and on glass slides, and by subsequently seeding primary neurons and C2C12 myoblasts on the patterns to form islands and mini-networks. Patterning characterization is done via immunohistochemistry, Congo red staining, ellipsometry, and infrared spectroscopy. Using a pragmatic setup, patterning contrasts down to 5 μm and statistically significant long-term stability superior to the gold standard poly(l-lysine)-grafted poly(ethylene glycol) could be obtained. This simple method can be used in any laboratory or even in classrooms and its outstanding stability is especially interesting for long-term cell experiments, e.g., for bottom-up neuroscience, where well-defined microislands and microcircuits of primary neurons are studied over weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Weydert
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Sophie Girardin
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Xinnan Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Stefan Zürcher
- SuSoS AG , Lagerstrasse 14 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Peter
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Ronny Wirz
- Bruker Optics GmbH , Industriestrasse 26 , 8117 Fällanden , Switzerland
| | - Olof Sterner
- SuSoS AG , Lagerstrasse 14 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Flurin Stauffer
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Mathias J Aebersold
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Tanner
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Greta Thompson-Steckel
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Csaba Forró
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | | | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics , ETH Zurich , Gloriastrasse 35 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
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10
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Forró C, Thompson-Steckel G, Weaver S, Weydert S, Ihle S, Dermutz H, Aebersold MJ, Pilz R, Demkó L, Vörös J. Modular microstructure design to build neuronal networks of defined functional connectivity. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 122:75-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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11
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Yu H, Zhang Q, Gu M. Three-dimensional direct laser writing of biomimetic neuron structures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:32111-32117. [PMID: 30650677 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.032111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Building biomimetic neuron structures that emulate the topological features of biological neural networks at multiple scales has been an active area in neuron cell culturing, neuron-chip interface and computer chip design. However, due to the fact that biological neural networks possess extraordinary connectivity and complexity from millimeter down to nanometer scale, with different dendritic branch angles, branch lengths, and branch diameters, previous methods to reproduce the topological features of biological neural networks are either limited to two dimensions or lack of fabrication resolution in building three-dimensional (3D) structures. Here we report on the generation of 3D biomimetic neuron structures at a micrometer scale, with high mechanical stability and controlled topologies by studying the effect of 3D direct laser writing (DLW) on the capillary force. This work provides an optical technology platform to replicate the topological features of biological neural networks and paves the avenue towards more applications of using 3D direct laser writing in engineered neural networks.
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12
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Aebersold MJ, Dermutz H, Demkó L, Cogollo JFS, Lin SC, Burchert C, Schneider M, Ling D, Forró C, Han H, Zambelli T, Vörös J. Local Chemical Stimulation of Neurons with the Fluidic Force Microscope (FluidFM). Chemphyschem 2017; 19:1234-1244. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias J. Aebersold
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Harald Dermutz
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - László Demkó
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - José F. Saenz Cogollo
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Shiang-Chi Lin
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Conrad Burchert
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Moritz Schneider
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Doris Ling
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Csaba Forró
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Hana Han
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich; Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
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13
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Yamamoto H, Matsumura R, Takaoki H, Katsurabayashi S, Hirano-Iwata A, Niwano M. Unidirectional signal propagation in primary neurons micropatterned at a single-cell resolution. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2016; 109:043703. [PMID: 27746482 PMCID: PMC5030838 DOI: 10.1063/1.4959836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The structure and connectivity of cultured neuronal networks can be controlled by using micropatterned surfaces. Here, we demonstrate that the direction of signal propagation can be precisely controlled at a single-cell resolution by growing primary neurons on micropatterns. To achieve this, we first examined the process by which axons develop and how synapses form in micropatterned primary neurons using immunocytochemistry. By aligning asymmetric micropatterns with a marginal gap, it was possible to pattern primary neurons with a directed polarization axis at the single-cell level. We then examined how synapses develop on micropatterned hippocampal neurons. Three types of micropatterns with different numbers of short paths for dendrite growth were compared. A normal development in synapse density was observed when micropatterns with three or more short paths were used. Finally, we performed double patch clamp recordings on micropatterned neurons to confirm that these synapses are indeed functional, and that the neuronal signal is transmitted unidirectionally in the intended orientation. This work provides a practical guideline for patterning single neurons to design functional neuronal networks in vitro with the direction of signal propagation being controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yamamoto
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University , 6-3 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - R Matsumura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University , 6-6 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - H Takaoki
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University , 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - S Katsurabayashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University , 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - A Hirano-Iwata
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University , 6-6 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - M Niwano
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University , 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Martinez V, Forró C, Weydert S, Aebersold MJ, Dermutz H, Guillaume-Gentil O, Zambelli T, Vörös J, Demkó L. Controlled single-cell deposition and patterning by highly flexible hollow cantilevers. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1663-1674. [PMID: 27046017 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01466b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell patterning represents a key approach to decouple and better understand the role and mechanisms of individual cells of a given population. In particular, the bottom-up approach of engineering neuronal circuits with a controlled topology holds immense promises to perceive the relationships between connectivity and function. In order to accommodate these efforts, highly flexible SU-8 cantilevers with integrated microchannels have been fabricated for both additive and subtractive patterning. By directly squeezing out single cells onto adhesive surfaces, controlled deposition with a spatial accuracy of 5 μm could be achieved, while subtractive patterning has been realized by selective removal of targeted single cells. Complex cell patterns were created on substrates pre-patterned with cell-adhesive and repulsive areas, preserving the original pattern geometry for long-term studies. For example, a circular loop with a diameter of 530 μm has been realized using primary hippocampal neurons, which were fully connected to their respective neighbors along the loop. Using the same cantilevers, the versatility of the technique has also been demonstrated via in situ modification of already mature neuronal cultures by both detaching individual cells of the population and adding fresh ones, incorporating them into the culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Martinez
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Csaba Forró
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Serge Weydert
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mathias J Aebersold
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Harald Dermutz
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - László Demkó
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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15
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Aebersold MJ, Dermutz H, Forró C, Weydert S, Thompson-Steckel G, Vörös J, Demkó L. “Brains on a chip”: Towards engineered neural networks. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Park M, Oh E, Seo J, Kim MH, Cho H, Choi JY, Lee H, Choi IS. Control over Neurite Directionality and Neurite Elongation on Anisotropic Micropillar Arrays. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:1148-52. [PMID: 26395860 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201501896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Control over neurite orientation in primary hippocampal neurons is achieved by using interrupted, anisotropic micropillar arrays as a cell culture platform. Both neurite orientation and neurite length are controlled by a function of interpillar distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Park
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea
| | - Eunkyul Oh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Jeongyeon Seo
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hee Kim
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea
| | - Hyeoncheol Cho
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea
| | - Ji Yu Choi
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea
| | - Haiwon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Insung S Choi
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea
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17
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Curley JL, Sklare SC, Bowser DA, Saksena J, Moore MJ, Chrisey DB. Isolated node engineering of neuronal systems using laser direct write. Biofabrication 2016; 8:015013. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/1/015013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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18
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Bong KW, Kim JJ, Cho H, Lim E, Doyle PS, Irimia D. Synthesis of Cell-Adhesive Anisotropic Multifunctional Particles by Stop Flow Lithography and Streptavidin-Biotin Interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:13165-71. [PMID: 26545155 PMCID: PMC4820324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell-adhesive particles are of significant interest in biotechnology, the bioengineering of complex tissues, and biomedical research. Their applications range from platforms to increase the efficiency of anchorage-dependent cell culture to building blocks to loading cells in heterogeneous structures to clonal-population growth monitoring to cell sorting. Although useful, currently available cell-adhesive particles can accommodate only homogeneous cell culture. Here, we report the design of anisotropic hydrogel microparticles with tunable cell-adhesive regions as first step toward micropatterned cell cultures on particles. We employed stop flow lithography (SFL), the coupling reaction between amine and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and streptavidin-biotin chemistry to adjust the localization of conjugated collagen and poly-L-lysine on the surface of microscale particles. Using the new particles, we demonstrate the attachment and formation of tight junctions between brain endothelial cells. We also demonstrate the geometric patterning of breast cancer cells on particles with heterogeneous collagen coatings. This new approach avoids the exposure of cells to potentially toxic photoinitiators and ultraviolet light and decouples in time the microparticle synthesis and the cell culture steps to take advantage of the most recent advances in cell patterning available for traditional culture substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Wan Bong
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | - Jae Jung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hansang Cho
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Eugene Lim
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Patrick S. Doyle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Corresponding Authors: .,
| | - Daniel Irimia
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Corresponding Authors: .,
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19
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A Multifunctional Frontloading Approach for Repeated Recycling of a Pressure-Controlled AFM Micropipette. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144157. [PMID: 26636981 PMCID: PMC4670200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluid force microscopy combines the positional accuracy and force sensitivity of an atomic force microscope (AFM) with nanofluidics via a microchanneled cantilever. However, adequate loading and cleaning procedures for such AFM micropipettes are required for various application situations. Here, a new frontloading procedure is described for an AFM micropipette functioning as a force- and pressure-controlled microscale liquid dispenser. This frontloading procedure seems especially attractive when using target substances featuring high costs or low available amounts. Here, the AFM micropipette could be filled from the tip side with liquid from a previously applied droplet with a volume of only a few μL using a short low-pressure pulse. The liquid-loaded AFM micropipettes could be then applied for experiments in air or liquid environments. AFM micropipette frontloading was evaluated with the well-known organic fluorescent dye rhodamine 6G and the AlexaFluor647-labeled antibody goat anti-rat IgG as an example of a larger biological compound. After micropipette usage, specific cleaning procedures were tested. Furthermore, a storage method is described, at which the AFM micropipettes could be stored for a few hours up to several days without drying out or clogging of the microchannel. In summary, the rapid, versatile and cost-efficient frontloading and cleaning procedure for the repeated usage of a single AFM micropipette is beneficial for various application situations from specific surface modifications through to local manipulation of living cells, and provides a simplified and faster handling for already known experiments with fluid force microscopy.
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20
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Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Janel S, de los Santos Pereira A, Bruns M, Lafont F. Quantifying bacterial adhesion on antifouling polymer brushes via single-cell force spectroscopy. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00197h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The adhesion forces between a single bacterial cell and different polymer brushes were measured directly with an atomic force microscope and correlated with their resistance to fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Rodriguez-Emmenegger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Sébastien Janel
- Cellular Microbiology and Physics of Infection Group
- CNRS UMR 8204
- INSERM U1019
- Institut Pasteur de Lille
- Lille University
| | | | - Michael Bruns
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM)
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Frank Lafont
- Cellular Microbiology and Physics of Infection Group
- CNRS UMR 8204
- INSERM U1019
- Institut Pasteur de Lille
- Lille University
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21
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Hirt L, Grüter RR, Berthelot T, Cornut R, Vörös J, Zambelli T. Local surface modification via confined electrochemical deposition with FluidFM. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07239e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hollow AFM cantilevers enable local electroplating and grafting followed by the in situ imaging of the created surface patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Hirt
- ETH and University of Zurich
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Raphael R. Grüter
- ETH and University of Zurich
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | | | | | - János Vörös
- ETH and University of Zurich
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- ETH and University of Zurich
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
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