1
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Nguyen MH, Onken A, Sündermann J, Shamsuyeva M, Singla P, Depuydt T, Peeters M, Wagner P, Bethmann K, Körner J, Endres HJ, Lenarz T, Doll T. Electrochemical Degradation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Future Applications of Inflammation Sensing in Cochlear Implants. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:25223-25238. [PMID: 38882102 PMCID: PMC11170751 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
After cochlear implant (CI) insertion, there is a possibility of postoperative inflammation, which may involve proinflammatory markers such as interleukin-6. Detecting this inflammation promptly is crucial for administering anti-inflammatory drugs, if required. One potential method for detecting inflammation is using molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs). These MIPs, which can be deposited on the CI electrode, provide readout employing impedance measurements, a feature already available on the CI circuit. MIPs designed for this purpose should possess biocompatibility, conductivity, and degradability. The degradability is crucial because there is a limitation on the number of electrodes available, and once the inflammation sensor degrades after the acute inflammation period, it should remain usable as a regular electrode. In this work, conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate-based MIPs were synthesized against biotin as a surrogate target marker. Specific biotin binding with MIPs was determined before and after degradation using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and compared with the control nonimprinted polymers (NIPs). Subsequently, MIPs were electrochemically degraded by EIS with different potentials, wherein a potential dependence was observed. With decreasing potential, fewer dissolved polymers and more monomer molecules were detected in the solution in which degradation took place. At a potential of 0.205 V a negligible amount of dissolved polymer in addition to the dissolved monomer molecules was measured, which can be defined as the limiting potential. Below this potential, only dissolved monomer molecules are obtained, which enables renal clearance. Biocompatibility testing revealed that both the polymer and the solution with dissolved monomer molecules do not exceed the ISO 10993-5 cytotoxicity threshold. Based on these findings, we have developed conductive, biocompatible, and controllably degradable MIPs capable of detecting biotin. This research work paves the way for the advancement of CIs, where inflammation can be detected using molecular imprinting technology without compromising the stability and biosafety of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Hai Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology and Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Adrian Onken
- Department of Otolaryngology and Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Sündermann
- Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Madina Shamsuyeva
- IKK - Institute of Plastics and Circular Economy, Leibniz University Hannover, An der Universität 2, 30823 Garbsen, Germany
| | - Pankaj Singla
- Engineering Department, University of Manchester, Engineering A building, Booth E Street, M13 9QS Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Depuydt
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Marloes Peeters
- Engineering Department, University of Manchester, Engineering A building, Booth E Street, M13 9QS Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Wagner
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Konrad Bethmann
- Department of Information processing, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Körner
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 9a, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans-Josef Endres
- IKK - Institute of Plastics and Circular Economy, Leibniz University Hannover, An der Universität 2, 30823 Garbsen, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otolaryngology and Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Theodor Doll
- Department of Otolaryngology and Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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2
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Gamboa J, Paulo-Mirasol S, Estrany F, Torras J. Recent Progress in Biomedical Sensors Based on Conducting Polymer Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1720-1741. [PMID: 37115912 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are increasingly taking a more active role in health science. The current needs for the constant monitoring of biomedical signals, as well as the growing spending on public health, make it necessary to search for materials with a combination of properties such as biocompatibility, electroactivity, resorption, and high selectivity to certain bioanalytes. Conducting polymer hydrogels seem to be a very promising materials, since they present many of the necessary properties to be used as biosensors. Furthermore, their properties can be shaped and enhanced by designing conductive polymer hydrogel-based composites with more specific functionalities depending on the end application. This work will review the recent state of the art of different biological hydrogels for biosensor applications, discuss the properties of the different components alone and in combination, and reveal their high potential as candidate materials in the fabrication of all-organic diagnostic, wearable, and implantable sensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Gamboa
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I.2, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Sofia Paulo-Mirasol
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I.2, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Francesc Estrany
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I.2, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Juan Torras
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I.2, Barcelona 08019, Spain
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3
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Paramshetti S, Angolkar M, Al Fatease A, Alshahrani SM, Hani U, Garg A, Ravi G, Osmani RAM. Revolutionizing Drug Delivery and Therapeutics: The Biomedical Applications of Conductive Polymers and Composites-Based Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041204. [PMID: 37111689 PMCID: PMC10145001 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The first conductive polymers (CPs) were developed during the 1970s as a unique class of organic substances with properties that are electrically and optically comparable to those of inorganic semiconductors and metals while also exhibiting the desirable traits of conventional polymers. CPs have become a subject of intensive research due to their exceptional qualities, such as high mechanical and optical properties, tunable electrical characteristics, ease of synthesis and fabrication, and higher environmental stability than traditional inorganic materials. Although conducting polymers have several limitations in their pure state, coupling with other materials helps overcome these drawbacks. Owing to the fact that various types of tissues are responsive to stimuli and electrical fields has made these smart biomaterials attractive for a range of medical and biological applications. For various applications, including the delivery of drugs, biosensors, biomedical implants, and tissue engineering, electrical CPs and composites have attracted significant interest in both research and industry. These bimodalities can be programmed to respond to both internal and external stimuli. Additionally, these smart biomaterials have the ability to deliver drugs in various concentrations and at an extensive range. This review briefly discusses the commonly used CPs, composites, and their synthesis processes. Further highlights the importance of these materials in drug delivery along with their applicability in various delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanya Paramshetti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Mohit Angolkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Adel Al Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan M Alshahrani
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Bisha University, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ankitha Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Gundawar Ravi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Riyaz Ali M Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, India
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4
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Zarei M, Lee G, Lee SG, Cho K. Advances in Biodegradable Electronic Skin: Material Progress and Recent Applications in Sensing, Robotics, and Human-Machine Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203193. [PMID: 35737931 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of the electronics industry and proliferation of electronic materials and telecommunications technologies has led to the release of a massive amount of untreated electronic waste (e-waste) into the environment. Consequently, catastrophic environmental damage at the microbiome level and serious human health diseases threaten the natural fate of the planet. Currently, the demand for wearable electronics for applications in personalized medicine, electronic skins (e-skins), and health monitoring is substantial and growing. Therefore, "green" characteristics such as biodegradability, self-healing, and biocompatibility ensure the future application of wearable electronics and e-skins in biomedical engineering and bioanalytical sciences. Leveraging the biodegradability, sustainability, and biocompatibility of natural materials will dramatically influence the fabrication of environmentally friendly e-skins and wearable electronics. Here, the molecular and structural characteristics of biological skins and artificial e-skins are discussed. The focus then turns to the biodegradable materials, including natural and synthetic-polymer-based materials, and their recent applications in the development of biodegradable e-skin in wearable sensors, robotics, and human-machine interfaces (HMIs). Finally, the main challenges and outlook regarding the preparation and application of biodegradable e-skins are critically discussed in a near-future scenario, which is expected to lead to the next generation of biodegradable e-skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Korea
| | - Giwon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Seung Goo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
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5
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Dulal M, Afroj S, Ahn J, Cho Y, Carr C, Kim ID, Karim N. Toward Sustainable Wearable Electronic Textiles. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19755-19788. [PMID: 36449447 PMCID: PMC9798870 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Smart wearable electronic textiles (e-textiles) that can detect and differentiate multiple stimuli, while also collecting and storing the diverse array of data signals using highly innovative, multifunctional, and intelligent garments, are of great value for personalized healthcare applications. However, material performance and sustainability, complicated and difficult e-textile fabrication methods, and their limited end-of-life processability are major challenges to wide adoption of e-textiles. In this review, we explore the potential for sustainable materials, manufacturing techniques, and their end-of-the-life processes for developing eco-friendly e-textiles. In addition, we survey the current state-of-the-art for sustainable fibers and electronic materials (i.e., conductors, semiconductors, and dielectrics) to serve as different components in wearable e-textiles and then provide an overview of environmentally friendly digital manufacturing techniques for such textiles which involve less or no water utilization, combined with a reduction in both material waste and energy consumption. Furthermore, standardized parameters for evaluating the sustainability of e-textiles are established, such as life cycle analysis, biodegradability, and recyclability. Finally, we discuss the current development trends, as well as the future research directions for wearable e-textiles which include an integrated product design approach based on the use of eco-friendly materials, the development of sustainable manufacturing processes, and an effective end-of-the-life strategy to manufacture next generation smart and sustainable wearable e-textiles that can be either recycled to value-added products or decomposed in the landfill without any negative environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Dulal
- Centre
for Print Research (CFPR), University of
the West of England, Frenchay Campus, BristolBS16 1QY, United
Kingdom
| | - Shaila Afroj
- Centre
for Print Research (CFPR), University of
the West of England, Frenchay Campus, BristolBS16 1QY, United
Kingdom
| | - Jaewan Ahn
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujang Cho
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chris Carr
- Clothworkers’
Centre for Textile Materials Innovation for Healthcare, School of
Design, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nazmul Karim
- Centre
for Print Research (CFPR), University of
the West of England, Frenchay Campus, BristolBS16 1QY, United
Kingdom
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6
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Benny Mattam L, Bijoy A, Abraham Thadathil D, George L, Varghese A. Conducting Polymers: A Versatile Material for Biomedical Applications. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liya Benny Mattam
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road, Bengaluru Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Anusha Bijoy
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road, Bengaluru Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Ditto Abraham Thadathil
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road, Bengaluru Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Louis George
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road, Bengaluru Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Anitha Varghese
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road, Bengaluru Karnataka 560029 India
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7
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Luo KH, Chen RD, Hsu CH, Li WT, Yan M, Chin TY, Yeh JM. Effect of Sulfonation Group on Polyaniline Copolymer Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering with Laminin Treatment under Electrical Stimulation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3778-3787. [PMID: 35831781 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonated copolyanilines (SPANs), SPAN-40 and SPAN-75, were prepared and applied in this tissue engineering study. SPAN scaffolds (SPANs) and control group polyaniline (PANI) were synthesized by performing oxidative polymerization. To further research the effects of neuron regeneration, PC12 cells were cultured on as-prepared PANI and SPANs with laminin (La) treatment under electrical stimulation. The effects on PC12 cell differentiation were investigated by controlling the amount of sulfonated groups (-SO3H) in the SPAN chain, the electrical stimulation voltage, and the presence or absence of La coating. The adhesion and proliferation of cells increased with the degree of sulfonation; La and electrical stimulation further promoted neuronal cell differentiation as increased neurite length was demonstrated in the micrograph analyses. In summary, the sulfonated copolyaniline coated with La had the best effect on neuronal differentiation under electrical stimulation, suggesting its potential as a substrate for nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Hao Luo
- Department of Chemistry, R & D Center for Membrane Technology at Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan 32023, Republic of China
| | - Rui-Da Chen
- Department of Chemistry, R & D Center for Membrane Technology at Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan 32023, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Hua Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, R & D Center for Membrane Technology at Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan 32023, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Tyng Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan 32023, Republic of China
| | - Minsi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, R & D Center for Membrane Technology at Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan 32023, Republic of China
| | - Ting-Yu Chin
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan 32023, Republic of China
| | - Jui-Ming Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, R & D Center for Membrane Technology at Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan 32023, Republic of China
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8
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Bierman-Duquette RD, Safarians G, Huang J, Rajput B, Chen JY, Wang ZZ, Seidlits SK. Engineering Tissues of the Central Nervous System: Interfacing Conductive Biomaterials with Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101577. [PMID: 34808031 PMCID: PMC8986557 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Conductive biomaterials provide an important control for engineering neural tissues, where electrical stimulation can potentially direct neural stem/progenitor cell (NS/PC) maturation into functional neuronal networks. It is anticipated that stem cell-based therapies to repair damaged central nervous system (CNS) tissues and ex vivo, "tissue chip" models of the CNS and its pathologies will each benefit from the development of biocompatible, biodegradable, and conductive biomaterials. Here, technological advances in conductive biomaterials are reviewed over the past two decades that may facilitate the development of engineered tissues with integrated physiological and electrical functionalities. First, one briefly introduces NS/PCs of the CNS. Then, the significance of incorporating microenvironmental cues, to which NS/PCs are naturally programmed to respond, into biomaterial scaffolds is discussed with a focus on electrical cues. Next, practical design considerations for conductive biomaterials are discussed followed by a review of studies evaluating how conductive biomaterials can be engineered to control NS/PC behavior by mimicking specific functionalities in the CNS microenvironment. Finally, steps researchers can take to move NS/PC-interfacing, conductive materials closer to clinical translation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gevick Safarians
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Joyce Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Bushra Rajput
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jessica Y. Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ze Zhong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, USA
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9
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Ritzau-Reid KI, Spicer CD, Gelmi A, Grigsby CL, Ponder JF, Bemmer V, Creamer A, Vilar R, Serio A, Stevens MM. An Electroactive Oligo-EDOT Platform for Neural Tissue Engineering. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2003710. [PMID: 34035794 PMCID: PMC7610826 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202003710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The unique electrochemical properties of the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) make it an attractive material for use in neural tissue engineering applications. However, inadequate mechanical properties, and difficulties in processing and lack of biodegradability have hindered progress in this field. Here, the functionality of PEDOT:PSS for neural tissue engineering is improved by incorporating 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) oligomers, synthesized using a novel end-capping strategy, into block co-polymers. By exploiting end-functionalized oligoEDOT constructs as macroinitiators for the polymerization of poly(caprolactone), a block co-polymer is produced that is electroactive, processable, and bio-compatible. By combining these properties, electroactive fibrous mats are produced for neuronal culture via solution electrospinning and melt electrospinning writing. Importantly, it is also shown that neurite length and branching of neural stem cells can be enhanced on the materials under electrical stimulation, demonstrating the promise of these scaffolds for neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja I. Ritzau-Reid
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of
Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Christopher D. Spicer
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of
Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm 171 77, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, York Biomedical Research
Institute, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Amy Gelmi
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of
Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Applied
Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, RMIT University,
Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Christopher L. Grigsby
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - James F. Ponder
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ,
UK
| | - Victoria Bemmer
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of
Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Adam Creamer
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of
Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ramon Vilar
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ,
UK
| | - Andrea Serio
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of
Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Centre
for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King’s College London
and The Francis Crick Institute, Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics
Division, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT,
UK
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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10
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Sarvari R, Massoumi B, Zareh A, Beygi-Khosrowshahi Y, Agbolaghi S. Porous conductive and biocompatible scaffolds on the basis of polycaprolactone and polythiophene for scaffolding. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Abstract
The widespread use of conducting polymers, especially poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT), within the space of bioelectronics has enabled improvements, both in terms of electrochemistry and functional versatility, of conventional metallic electrodes. This short review aims to provide an overview of how PEDOT coatings have contributed to functionalizing existing bioelectronics, the challenges which meet conducting polymer coatings from a regulatory and stability point of view and the possibilities to bring PEDOT-based coatings into large-scale clinical applications. Finally, their potential use for enabling new technologies for the field of bioelectronics as biodegradable, stretchable and slow-stimulation materials will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Boehler
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zaid Aqrawe
- Department of Anatomy & Medical Imaging, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maria Asplund
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Heffernan MA, O’Reilly EJ. Rapid microwave assisted synthesis and characterisation of a semiconducting polymer with pKa tuneable degradation properties. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Research Progress on Conducting Polymer-Based Biomedical Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9061070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Conducting polymers (CPs) have attracted significant attention in a variety of research fields, particularly in biomedical engineering, because of the ease in controlling their morphology, their high chemical and environmental stability, and their biocompatibility, as well as their unique optical and electrical properties. In particular, the electrical properties of CPs can be simply tuned over the full range from insulator to metal via a doping process, such as chemical, electrochemical, charge injection, and photo-doping. Over the past few decades, remarkable progress has been made in biomedical research including biosensors, tissue engineering, artificial muscles, and drug delivery, as CPs have been utilized as a key component in these fields. In this article, we review CPs from the perspective of biomedical engineering. Specifically, representative biomedical applications of CPs are briefly summarized: biosensors, tissue engineering, artificial muscles, and drug delivery. The motivation for use of and the main function of CPs in these fields above are discussed. Finally, we highlight the technical and scientific challenges regarding electrical conductivity, biodegradability, hydrophilicity, and the loading capacity of biomolecules that are faced by CPs for future work. This is followed by several strategies to overcome these drawbacks.
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14
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Jiao H, Cao P, Chen Y, Song Y, Li D, Wang X. [Preparation and biocompatibility of nano polypyrrole/chitin composite membrane]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2019; 32:1081-1087. [PMID: 30238739 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201802031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To prepare nano polypyrrole (PPy)/chitin composite membrane and observe their biocompatibility. Methods The nano PPy was synthesized by microemulsion polymerization, blended with chitosan and then formed membranes. The membranes were then modified by acetylation to get the experimental membranes (nano PPy/chitin composite membranes, group A). The chitosan membranes (group B) and chitin ones (group C) modified by acetylation acted as control. Scanning electron microscopy and FT-IR spectra were used to identify the nano PPy and the membranes of each group. And the conductivity of membranes of each group was measured. Schwann cells were co-cultured in vitro with each group membranes to observe the biocompatibility by inverted microscope observing, living cell staining, cell counting, and immunofluorescence staining. The lysozyme solution was used to evaluate the degradation of the membranes in vitro. Results The FT-IR spectra showed that the characteristic vibrational absorption peaks of C=C from nano PPy appeared at 1 543.4 cm -1 and 1 458.4 cm -1. Scanning electron microscopy observation revealed that the size of nano PPy particles was about 100-200 nm. The nano PPy particles were synthesized. It was successful to turn chitosan to chitin by the acetylation, which was investigated by FT-IR analysis of membranes in groups A and C. The characteristic peaks of the amide Ⅱ band around 1 562 cm -1 appeared after acetylated modification. Conductivity test showed that the conductivity of membranes in group A was about (1.259 2±0.005 7)×10 -3 S/cm, while the conductivity of the membranes in groups B and C was not detected. The nano PPy particles uniformly distributed on the surface of membranes in group A were observed by scanning electron microscope; the membranes in control groups were smooth. As a result, the nano PPy/chitin composite membranes with electrical conductivity were obtained. The cultured Schwann cells were found to survive with good function by fluorescein diacetate live cell staining, soluble protein-100 immunofluorescence staining, and inverted microscope observing. The cell counting showed that the proliferation of Schwann cells after 2 days and 4 days of group A was more than that of the two control groups, and the differences were significant ( P<0.05). It indicated that the nano PPy/chitin composite membranes had better ability of adhesion and proliferation than those of chitosan and chitin membranes. The degradation of membranes in vitro showed that the degradation rates of membranes in groups A and C were significantly higher than those in group B at all time points ( P<0.05). In a word, the degradation performance of the membranes modified by acetylation was better than that of chitosan membranes under the same condition. Conclusion The nano PPy and chitosan can be blended and modified by acetylation successfully. Nano PPy/chitin composite membranes had electrical conductivity, degradability, and good biocompatibility in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Jiao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215009,
| | - Ping Cao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215009, P.R.China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong Jiangsu, 226001, P.R.China
| | - Yuening Song
- School of Clinical Medicine, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215009, P.R.China
| | - Dongyin Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215009, P.R.China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong Jiangsu, 226001, P.R.China
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15
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Sarvari R, Agbolaghi S, Beygi-Khosrowshahi Y, Massoumi B. Towards skin tissue engineering using poly(2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate)-co-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-poly(ε-caprolactone) hydrophilic terpolymers. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1493682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raana Sarvari
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Agbolaghi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Younes Beygi-Khosrowshahi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
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16
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Pandolfi F, Rocco D, Mattiello L. Synthesis and characterization of new D–π-A and A–π-D–π-A type oligothiophene derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3018-3025. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob03077d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
New conjugated oligothiophenes with different donor/acceptor architectures were synthesized, with potential applications in the field of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Pandolfi
- Dept. of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering
- Sapienza University of Rome
- 00161 Rome
- Italy
| | - Daniele Rocco
- Dept. of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering
- Sapienza University of Rome
- 00161 Rome
- Italy
| | - Leonardo Mattiello
- Dept. of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering
- Sapienza University of Rome
- 00161 Rome
- Italy
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17
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Nezakati T, Seifalian A, Tan A, Seifalian AM. Conductive Polymers: Opportunities and Challenges in Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6766-6843. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toktam Nezakati
- Google Inc.., Mountain View, California 94043, United States
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia Seifalian
- UCL Medical School, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Tan
- UCL Medical School, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander M. Seifalian
- NanoRegMed Ltd. (Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre), The London Innovation BioScience Centre, London NW1 0NH, United Kingdom
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18
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Abstract
Electrically conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and their derivatives (mainly aniline oligomer and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) with good biocompatibility find wide applications in biomedical fields including bioactuators, biosensors, neural implants, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering scaffolds. This review focuses on these conductive polymers for tissue engineering applications. Conductive polymers exhibit promising conductivity as bioactive scaffolds for tissue regeneration, and their conductive nature allows cells or tissue cultured on them to be stimulated by electrical signals. However, their mechanical brittleness and poor processability restrict their application. Therefore, conductive polymeric composites based on conductive polymers and biocompatible biodegradable polymers (natural or synthetic) were developed. The major objective of this review is to summarize the conductive biomaterials used in tissue engineering including conductive composite films, conductive nanofibers, conductive hydrogels, and conductive composite scaffolds fabricated by various methods such as electrospinning, coating, or deposition by in situ polymerization. Furthermore, recent progress in tissue engineering applications using these conductive biomaterials including bone tissue engineering, muscle tissue engineering, nerve tissue engineering, cardiac tissue engineering, and wound healing application are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Guo
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China
| | - Peter X. Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, 1011, North University Ave., Room 2209, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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19
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Tandon B, Magaz A, Balint R, Blaker JJ, Cartmell SH. Electroactive biomaterials: Vehicles for controlled delivery of therapeutic agents for drug delivery and tissue regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:148-168. [PMID: 29262296 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation for delivery of biochemical agents such as genes, proteins and RNA molecules amongst others, holds great potential for controlled therapeutic delivery and in promoting tissue regeneration. Electroactive biomaterials have the capability of delivering these agents in a localized, controlled, responsive and efficient manner. These systems have also been combined for the delivery of both physical and biochemical cues and can be programmed to achieve enhanced effects on healing by establishing control over the microenvironment. This review focuses on current state-of-the-art research in electroactive-based materials towards the delivery of drugs and other therapeutic signalling agents for wound care treatment. Future directions and current challenges for developing effective electroactive approach based therapies for wound care are discussed.
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20
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Feig VR, Tran H, Bao Z. Biodegradable Polymeric Materials in Degradable Electronic Devices. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:337-348. [PMID: 29632879 PMCID: PMC5879474 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable electronics have great potential to reduce the environmental footprint of devices and enable advanced health monitoring and therapeutic technologies. Complex biodegradable electronics require biodegradable substrates, insulators, conductors, and semiconductors, all of which comprise the fundamental building blocks of devices. This review will survey recent trends in the strategies used to fabricate biodegradable forms of each of these components. Polymers that can disintegrate without full chemical breakdown (type I), as well as those that can be recycled into monomeric and oligomeric building blocks (type II), will be discussed. Type I degradation is typically achieved with engineering and material science based strategies, whereas type II degradation often requires deliberate synthetic approaches. Notably, unconventional degradable linkages capable of maintaining long-range conjugation have been relatively unexplored, yet may enable fully biodegradable conductors and semiconductors with uncompromised electrical properties. While substantial progress has been made in developing degradable device components, the electrical and mechanical properties of these materials must be improved before fully degradable complex electronics can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian R. Feig
- Department of Material
Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Helen Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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21
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Pal RK, Kundu SC, Yadavalli VK. Fabrication of Flexible, Fully Organic, Degradable Energy Storage Devices Using Silk Proteins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:9620-9628. [PMID: 29480009 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and thin-film devices are of great interest in epidermal and implantable bioelectronics. The integration of energy storage and delivery devices such as supercapacitors (SCs) with properties such as flexibility, miniaturization, biocompatibility, and degradability are sought for such systems. Reducing e-waste and using sustainable materials and processes are additional desirable qualities. Herein, a silk protein-based biocompatible and degradable thin-film microSC (μSC) is reported. A protein carrier with the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate and reduced graphene oxide dopant is used as a photopatternable biocomposite ink. Active electrodes are fabricated using photolithography under benign conditions, using only water as the solvent. These electrodes are printed on flexible protein sheets to form degradable, organic devices with a benign agarose-NaCl gel electrolyte. High capacitance, power density, cycling stability over 500 cycles, and the ability to power a light-emitting diode are shown. The device is flexible, can sustain cyclic mechanical stresses over 450 cycles, and retain capacitive properties over several days in liquid. Significantly, the μSCs are cytocompatible and completely degraded over the period of ∼1 month. By precise control of the device configuration, these silk protein-based, all-polymer organic devices can be designed to be tunably transient and provide viable alternatives for powering flexible and implantable bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramendra K Pal
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , 601 W Main Street , Richmond , Virginia 23284 , United States
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- 3Bs Research Group, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , University of Minho , Guimaraes 4805-017 , Portugal
| | - Vamsi K Yadavalli
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , 601 W Main Street , Richmond , Virginia 23284 , United States
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22
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Im SH, Jung Y, Kim SH. Current status and future direction of biodegradable metallic and polymeric vascular scaffolds for next-generation stents. Acta Biomater 2017; 60:3-22. [PMID: 28716610 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Because of the increasing incidence of coronary artery disease, the importance of cardiovascular stents has continuously increased as a treatment of this disease. Biodegradable scaffolds fabricated from polymers and metals have emerged as promising materials for vascular stents because of their biodegradability. Although such stent framework materials have shown good clinical efficacy, it is difficult to decide whether polymers or metals are better vascular scaffolds because their properties are different. Therefore, there are still obstacles in the development of biodegradable vascular scaffolds in terms of improving clinical efficacy. This review analyzes the pros and cons of current stent materials with respect to five key factors for next-generation stent and discusses methods of improvement. Furthermore, we discuss biodegradable electronic stents with electrical conductivity, which has been considered unimportant until now, and highlight electrical conductivity as a key factor in the development of next-generation stents.
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23
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Pathiranage TMSK, Dissanayake DS, Niermann CN, Ren Y, Biewer MC, Stefan MC. Role of polythiophenes as electroactive materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Crystal N. Niermann
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at DallasRichardson Texas75080
| | - Yixin Ren
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at DallasRichardson Texas75080
| | - Michael C. Biewer
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at DallasRichardson Texas75080
| | - Mihaela C. Stefan
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at DallasRichardson Texas75080
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24
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Yang S, Jang L, Kim S, Yang J, Yang K, Cho SW, Lee JY. Polypyrrole/Alginate Hybrid Hydrogels: Electrically Conductive and Soft Biomaterials for Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture and Potential Neural Tissue Engineering Applications. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:1653-1661. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumi Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Engineering (GIST); Gwangju 500-712 Republic of Korea
| | - LindyK. Jang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Engineering (GIST); Gwangju 500-712 Republic of Korea
| | - Semin Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Engineering (GIST); Gwangju 500-712 Republic of Korea
| | - Jongcheol Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Engineering (GIST); Gwangju 500-712 Republic of Korea
| | - Kisuk Yang
- Department of Biotechnology; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Engineering (GIST); Gwangju 500-712 Republic of Korea
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25
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Baheiraei N, Gharibi R, Yeganeh H, Miragoli M, Salvarani N, Di Pasquale E, Condorelli G. Electroactive polyurethane/siloxane derived from castor oil as a versatile cardiac patch, part I: Synthesis, characterization, and myoblast proliferation and differentiation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:775-787. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Baheiraei
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Reza Gharibi
- Department of Polyurethane, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box: 14965/115; Tehran Iran
| | - Hamid Yeganeh
- Department of Polyurethane, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box: 14965/115; Tehran Iran
| | - Michele Miragoli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center; Rozzano, Milan Italy
- CERT; Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, University of Parma; Italy
| | - Nicolò Salvarani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center; Rozzano, Milan Italy
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research-UOS Milan, National Research Council; Milan Italy
| | - Elisa Di Pasquale
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center; Rozzano, Milan Italy
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research-UOS Milan, National Research Council; Milan Italy
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26
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Spearman BS, Hodge AJ, Porter JL, Hardy JG, Davis ZD, Xu T, Zhang X, Schmidt CE, Hamilton MC, Lipke EA. Conductive interpenetrating networks of polypyrrole and polycaprolactone encourage electrophysiological development of cardiac cells. Acta Biomater 2015; 28:109-120. [PMID: 26407651 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conductive and electroactive polymers have the potential to enhance engineered cardiac tissue function. In this study, an interpenetrating network of the electrically-conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) was grown within a matrix of flexible polycaprolactone (PCL) and evaluated as a platform for directing the formation of functional cardiac cell sheets. PCL films were either treated with sodium hydroxide to render them more hydrophilic and enhance cell adhesion or rendered electroactive with PPy grown via chemical polymerization yielding PPy-PCL that had a resistivity of 1.0 ± 0.4 kΩ cm, which is similar to native cardiac tissue. Both PCL and PPy-PCL films supported cardiomyocyte attachment; increasing the duration of PCL pre-treatment with NaOH resulted in higher numbers of adherent cardiomyocytes per unit area, generating cell densities which were more similar to those on PPy-PCL films (1568 ± 126 cells mm(-2), 2880 ± 439 cells mm(-2), 3623 ± 456 cells mm(-2) for PCL with 0, 24, 48 h of NaOH pretreatment, respectively; 2434 ± 166 cells mm(-2) for PPy-PCL). When cardiomyocytes were cultured on the electrically-conductive PPy-PCL, more cells were observed to have peripheral localization of the gap junction protein connexin-43 (Cx43) as compared to cells on NaOH-treated PCL (60.3 ± 4.3% vs. 46.6 ± 5.7%). Cx43 gene expression remained unchanged between materials. Importantly, the velocity of calcium wave propagation was faster and calcium transient duration was shorter for cardiomyocyte monolayers on PPy-PCL (1612 ± 143 μm/s, 910 ± 63 ms) relative to cells on PCL (1129 ± 247 μm/s, 1130 ± 20 ms). In summary, PPy-PCL has demonstrated suitability as an electrically-conductive substrate for culture of cardiomyocytes, yielding enhanced functional properties; results encourage further development of conductive substrates for use in differentiation of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and cardiac tissue engineering applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Current conductive materials for use in cardiac regeneration are limited by cytotoxicity or cost in implementation. In this manuscript, we demonstrate for the first time the application of a biocompatible, conductive polypyrrole-polycaprolactone film as a platform for culturing cardiomyocytes for cardiac regeneration. This study shows that the novel conductive film is capable of enhancing cell-cell communication through the formation of connexin-43, leading to higher velocities for calcium wave propagation and reduced calcium transient durations among cultured cardiomyocyte monolayers. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that chemical modification of polycaprolactone through alkaline-mediated hydrolysis increased overall cardiomyocyte adhesion. The results of this study provide insight into how cardiomyocytes interact with conductive substrates and will inform future research efforts to enhance the functional properties of cardiomyocytes, which is critical for their use in pharmaceutical testing and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander J Hodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, United States
| | - John L Porter
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, United States
| | - John G Hardy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, United States
| | - Zenda D Davis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, United States
| | - Teng Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, United States
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, United States
| | | | - Michael C Hamilton
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Lipke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, United States.
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27
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Hinderer S, Brauchle E, Schenke-Layland K. Generation and Assessment of Functional Biomaterial Scaffolds for Applications in Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2326-41. [PMID: 25778713 PMCID: PMC4745029 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Current clinically applicable tissue and organ replacement therapies are limited in the field of cardiovascular regenerative medicine. The available options do not regenerate damaged tissues and organs, and, in the majority of the cases, show insufficient restoration of tissue function. To date, anticoagulant drug-free heart valve replacements or growing valves for pediatric patients, hemocompatible and thrombus-free vascular substitutes that are smaller than 6 mm, and stem cell-recruiting delivery systems that induce myocardial regeneration are still only visions of researchers and medical professionals worldwide and far from being the standard of clinical treatment. The design of functional off-the-shelf biomaterials as well as automatable and up-scalable biomaterial processing methods are the focus of current research endeavors and of great interest for fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Here, various approaches that aim to overcome the current limitations are reviewed, focusing on biomaterials design and generation methods for myocardium, heart valves, and blood vessels. Furthermore, novel contact- and marker-free biomaterial and extracellular matrix assessment methods are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Hinderer
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Nobelstrasse 12, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstr. 7/1, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Eva Brauchle
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Nobelstrasse 12, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstr. 7/1, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology (IGVP), University of Stuttgart, Nobelstrasse 12, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Nobelstrasse 12, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstr. 7/1, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at the, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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28
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Hardy JG, Cornelison RC, Sukhavasi RC, Saballos RJ, Vu P, Kaplan DL, Schmidt CE. Electroactive Tissue Scaffolds with Aligned Pores as Instructive Platforms for Biomimetic Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2015; 2:15-34. [PMID: 28955011 PMCID: PMC5597125 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering2010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissues in the body are hierarchically structured composite materials with tissue-specific chemical and topographical properties. Here we report the preparation of tissue scaffolds with macroscopic pores generated via the dissolution of a sacrificial supramolecular polymer-based crystal template (urea) from a biodegradable polymer-based scaffold (polycaprolactone, PCL). Furthermore, we report a method of aligning the supramolecular polymer-based crystals within the PCL, and that the dissolution of the sacrificial urea yields scaffolds with macroscopic pores that are aligned over long, clinically-relevant distances (i.e., centimeter scale). The pores act as topographical cues to which rat Schwann cells respond by aligning with the long axis of the pores. Generation of an interpenetrating network of polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) in the scaffolds yields electroactive tissue scaffolds that allow the electrical stimulation of Schwann cells cultured on the scaffolds which increases the production of nerve growth factor (NGF).
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Hardy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-53, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - R Chase Cornelison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-53, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Rushi C Sukhavasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Richard J Saballos
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-53, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Philip Vu
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-53, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-53, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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29
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Stalder R, Mavrinskiy A, Grand C, Imaram W, Angerhofer A, Pisula W, Müllen K, Reynolds JR. Electrochromic and liquid crystalline polycarbonates based on telechelic oligothiophenes. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01551g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The triphosgene carbonate synthesis is adapted towards an alternating main-chain rod/coil polycarbonate based on a telechelic sexithiophene oligomer, yielding an electrochromic material displaying morphological behaviour typical of a liquid-crystalline polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Stalder
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - A. Mavrinskiy
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - C. Grand
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
| | - W. Imaram
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - A. Angerhofer
- Department of Chemistry
- Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - W. Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - K. Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - J. R. Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
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30
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Brombosz SM, Lee S, Firestone MA. Installation of a reactive site for covalent wiring onto an intrinsically conductive poly(ionic liquid). REACT FUNCT POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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31
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Synthesis, characterization and antioxidant activity of a novel electroactive and biodegradable polyurethane for cardiac tissue engineering application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 44:24-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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32
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Li L, Ge J, Wang L, Guo B, Ma PX. Electroactive nanofibrous biomimetic scaffolds by thermally induced phase separation. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:6119-6130. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00493k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Cui H, Wang Y, Cui L, Zhang P, Wang X, Wei Y, Chen X. In Vitro Studies on Regulation of Osteogenic Activities by Electrical Stimulus on Biodegradable Electroactive Polyelectrolyte Multilayers. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3146-57. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5007695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Cui
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liguo Cui
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peibiao Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
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34
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Balint R, Cassidy NJ, Cartmell SH. Conductive polymers: towards a smart biomaterial for tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2341-53. [PMID: 24556448 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 860] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Developing stimulus-responsive biomaterials with easy-to-tailor properties is a highly desired goal of the tissue engineering community. A novel type of electroactive biomaterial, the conductive polymer, promises to become one such material. Conductive polymers are already used in fuel cells, computer displays and microsurgical tools, and are now finding applications in the field of biomaterials. These versatile polymers can be synthesised alone, as hydrogels, combined into composites or electrospun into microfibres. They can be created to be biocompatible and biodegradable. Their physical properties can easily be optimized for a specific application through binding biologically important molecules into the polymer using one of the many available methods for their functionalization. Their conductive nature allows cells or tissue cultured upon them to be stimulated, the polymers' own physical properties to be influenced post-synthesis and the drugs bound in them released, through the application of an electrical signal. It is thus little wonder that these polymers are becoming very important materials for biosensors, neural implants, drug delivery devices and tissue engineering scaffolds. Focusing mainly on polypyrrole, polyaniline and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), we review conductive polymers from the perspective of tissue engineering. The basic properties of conductive polymers, their chemical and electrochemical synthesis, the phenomena underlying their conductivity and the ways to tailor their properties (functionalization, composites, etc.) are discussed.
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35
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Real-time imaging of oxidative and nitrosative stress in the liver of live animals for drug-toxicity testing. Nat Biotechnol 2014; 32:373-80. [PMID: 24658645 PMCID: PMC4070437 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Current drug-safety assays for hepatotoxicity rely on biomarkers with low predictive power. The production of radical species, specifically reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), has been proposed as an early unifying event linking the bioactivation of drugs to hepatotoxicity and as a more direct and mechanistic indicator of hepatotoxic potential. Here we present a nanosensor for rapid, real-time in vivo imaging of drug-induced ROS and RNS for direct evaluation of acute hepatotoxicity. By combining fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET), our semiconducting polymer–based nanosensor simultaneously and differentially detects RNS and ROS using two optically independent channels. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity and its remediation are imaged longitudinally in mice following systemic challenge with acetaminophen or isoniazid. Dose-dependent ROS and RNS activity is detected in the liver within minutes of drug challenge, preceding histological changes, protein nitration and DNA double strand break induction.
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36
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Hardy JG, Mouser DJ, Arroyo-Currás N, Geissler S, Chow JK, Nguy L, Kim JM, Schmidt CE. Biodegradable electroactive polymers for electrochemically-triggered drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:6809-6822. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00355a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report biodegradable electroactive polymer (EAP)-based materials and their application as drug delivery devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G. Hardy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Florida
| | - David J. Mouser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin, USA
| | | | - Sydney Geissler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Florida
| | - Jacqueline K. Chow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin, USA
| | - Lindsey Nguy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin, USA
| | - Jong M. Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin, USA
| | - Christine E. Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Florida
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37
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Ma X, Ge J, Li Y, Guo B, Ma PX. Nanofibrous electroactive scaffolds from a chitosan-grafted-aniline tetramer by electrospinning for tissue engineering. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00083h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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38
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Zeng J, Huang Z, Yin G, Qin J, Chen X, Gu J. Fabrication of conductive NGF-conjugated polypyrrole–poly(l-lactic acid) fibers and their effect on neurite outgrowth. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 110:450-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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39
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40
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41
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Pillay V, Tsai TS, Choonara YE, du Toit LC, Kumar P, Modi G, Naidoo D, Tomar LK, Tyagi C, Ndesendo VMK. A review of integrating electroactive polymers as responsive systems for specialized drug delivery applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:2039-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Viness Pillay
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Tong-Sheng Tsai
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Yahya E. Choonara
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Lisa C. du Toit
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Girish Modi
- Department of Neurology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Dinesh Naidoo
- Department of Neurosurgery; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Lomas K. Tomar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Charu Tyagi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Valence M. K. Ndesendo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
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42
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Lee JY. Electrically Conducting Polymer-Based Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications. POLYM REV 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2013.806544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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43
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Cui H, Shao J, Wang Y, Zhang P, Chen X, Wei Y. PLA-PEG-PLA and Its Electroactive Tetraaniline Copolymer as Multi-interactive Injectable Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:1904-12. [DOI: 10.1021/bm4002766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Jun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Peibiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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44
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Min Y, Yang Y, Poojari Y, Liu Y, Wu JC, Hansford DJ, Epstein AJ. Sulfonated Polyaniline-Based Organic Electrodes for Controlled Electrical Stimulation of Human Osteosarcoma Cells. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:1727-31. [DOI: 10.1021/bm301221t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Min
- Institute of Advanced
Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, People’s
Republic of China
| | | | | | - Yidong Liu
- Institute of Advanced
Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, People’s
Republic of China
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45
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Romero IS, Schurr ML, Lally JV, Kotlik MZ, Murphy AR. Enhancing the interface in silk-polypyrrole composites through chemical modification of silk fibroin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:553-564. [PMID: 23320759 DOI: 10.1021/am301844c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To produce conductive, biocompatible, and mechanically robust materials for use in bioelectrical applications, we have developed a new strategy to selectively incorporate poly(pyrrole) (Ppy) into constructs made from silk fibroin. Here, we demonstrate that covalent attachment of negatively charged, hydrophilic sulfonic acid groups to the silk protein can selectively promote pyrrole absorption and polymerization within the modified films to form a conductive, interpenetrating network of Ppy and silk that is incapable of delamination. To further increase the conductivity and long-term stability of the Ppy network, a variety of small molecule sulfonic acid dopants were utilized and the properties of these silk-conducting polymer composites were monitored over time. The composites were evaluated using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, a 4-point resistivity probe and mechanical testing. In addition, the performance was evaluated following exposure to several biologically relevant enzymes. Using this strategy, we were able to produce mechanically robust polymer electrodes with stable electrochemical performance and sheet resistivities on the order of 1 × 10(2) Ω/sq (conductivity ∼1 S/cm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella S Romero
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, Bellingham, Washington 98225, United States
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46
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Cui H, Liu Y, Deng M, Pang X, Zhang P, Wang X, Chen X, Wei Y. Synthesis of Biodegradable and Electroactive Tetraaniline Grafted Poly(ester amide) Copolymers for Bone Tissue Engineering. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2881-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300897j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R.
China
| | - Yadong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Mingxiao Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130022, P. R.
China
| | - Xuan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Peibiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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47
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Aitken BS, Wieruszewski PM, Graham KR, Reynolds JR, Wagener KB. Perfectly Regioregular Electroactive Polyolefins: Impact of Inter-Chromophore Distance on PLED EQE. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202409k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian S. Aitken
- The George and Josephine
Butler Polymer Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200,
United States
| | - Patrick M. Wieruszewski
- The George and Josephine
Butler Polymer Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200,
United States
| | - Kenneth R. Graham
- The George and Josephine
Butler Polymer Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200,
United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- The George and Josephine
Butler Polymer Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200,
United States
| | - Kenneth B. Wagener
- The George and Josephine
Butler Polymer Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200,
United States
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48
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Guo B, Sun Y, Finne-Wistrand A, Mustafa K, Albertsson AC. Electroactive porous tubular scaffolds with degradability and non-cytotoxicity for neural tissue regeneration. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:144-53. [PMID: 21985870 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Electroactive degradable porous tubular scaffolds were fabricated from the blends of polycaprolactone and a hyperbranched degradable conducting copolymer at different feed ratios by a solution-casting/salt-leaching method. Scaning electron microscopy (SEM) and microcomputed tomography tests indicated that these scaffolds had homogeneously distributed interconnected pores on the cross-section and surface. The electrical conductivity of films with the same composition as the scaffolds was between 3.4×10(-6) and 3.1×10(-7) S cm(-1), depending on the ratio of hyperbranched degradable conducting copolymer to polycaprolactone. A hydrophilic surface with a contact angle of water about 30° was achieved by doping the films with (±)-10-camphorsulfonic acid. The mechanical properties of the films were investigated by tensile tests, and the morphology of the films was studied by SEM. The scaffolds were subjected to the WST test (a cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assay using water-soluble tetrazolium salts) with HaCaT keratinocyte cells, and the results show that these scaffolds are non-cytotoxic. These degradable electroactive tubular scaffolds are good candidates for neural tissue engineering application.
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49
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Broda CR, Lee JY, Sirivisoot S, Schmidt CE, Harrison BS. A chemically polymerized electrically conducting composite of polypyrrole nanoparticles and polyurethane for tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 98:509-16. [PMID: 21681943 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A variety of cell types respond to electrical stimuli; accordingly, many conducting polymers (CPs) have been used as tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds, and one such CP is polypyrrole (PPy). PPy is a well-studied biomaterial with potential TE applications because of its electrical conductivity and many other beneficial properties. Combining its characteristics with an elastomeric material, such as polyurethane (PU), may yield a hybrid scaffold with electrical activity and significant mechanical resilience. Pyrrole was in situ polymerized within a PU emulsion mixture in weight ratios of 1:100, 1:20, 1:10, and 1:5, respectively. Morphology, electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and cytocompatibility with C2C12 myoblast cells were characterized. The polymerization resulted in a composite with a principle base of PU interspersed with an electrically percolating network of PPy nanoparticles. As the mass ratio of PPy to PU increased so did electrical conductivity of the composites. In addition, as the mass ratio of PPy to PU increased, stiffness of the composite increased while maximum elongation length decreased. Ultimate tensile strength was reduced by ~47% across all samples with the addition of PPy to the PU base. Cytocompatibility assay data indicated no significant cytotoxic effect from the composites. Static cellular seeding of C2C12 cells and subsequent differentiation showed myotube formation on the composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Broda
- School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd. Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
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50
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Guo B, Finne-Wistrand A, Albertsson AC. Universal Two-Step Approach to Degradable and Electroactive Block Copolymers and Networks from Combined Ring-Opening Polymerization and Post-Functionalization via Oxidative Coupling Reactions. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2009595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Guo
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Christine Albertsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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