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Albadari N, Xie Y, Li W. Deciphering treatment resistance in metastatic colorectal cancer: roles of drug transports, EGFR mutations, and HGF/c-MET signaling. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1340401. [PMID: 38269272 PMCID: PMC10806212 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1340401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2023, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. At the time of the initial visit, 20% of patients diagnosed with CRC have metastatic CRC (mCRC), and another 25% who present with localized disease will later develop metastases. Despite the improvement in response rates with various modulation strategies such as chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, the prognosis of mCRC is poor, with a 5-year survival rate of 14%, and the primary reason for treatment failure is believed to be the development of resistance to therapies. Herein, we provide an overview of the main mechanisms of resistance in mCRC and specifically highlight the role of drug transports, EGFR, and HGF/c-MET signaling pathway in mediating mCRC resistance, as well as discuss recent therapeutic approaches to reverse resistance caused by drug transports and resistance to anti-EGFR blockade caused by mutations in EGFR and alteration in HGF/c-MET signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Li
- College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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2
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Fan M, Hu L, Shi S, Song X, He H, Qi B. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of EGFR kinase inhibitors that spans the orthosteric and allosteric sites. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 96:117534. [PMID: 37952262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Acquired drug resistance occurred in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer is a persistent challenge, especially in EGFR mutant type. In this study, we present design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel quinazoline and pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives that simultaneously occupy the orthosteric and allosteric sites of EGFR. Among them, compound A-7 was confirmed as a potential EGFRL858R/T790M/C797S and EGFRDel19/T790M/C797S inhibitor. Docking study indicated that compound A-7 could simultaneously occupy two binding sites of EGFR and form three key H-bonds with the residues Met793, Lys745 and Met766 in two regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Fan
- School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Liping Hu
- School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Shengmin Shi
- School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Huan He
- School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China.
| | - Baohui Qi
- School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
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3
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Rasmussen SV, Wozniak A, Lathara M, Goldenberg JM, Samudio BM, Bickford LR, Nagamori K, Wright H, Woods AD, Chauhan S, Lee CJ, Rudzinski ER, Swift MK, Kondo T, Fisher DE, Imyanitov E, Machado I, Llombart-Bosch A, Andrulis IL, Gokgoz N, Wunder J, Mirotaki H, Nakamura T, Srinivasa G, Thway K, Jones RL, Huang PH, Berlow NE, Schöffski P, Keller C. Functional genomics of human clear cell sarcoma: genomic, transcriptomic and chemical biology landscape for clear cell sarcoma. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1941-1954. [PMID: 36959380 PMCID: PMC10147623 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic therapy for metastatic clear cell sarcoma (CCS) bearing EWSR1-CREB1/ATF1 fusions remains an unmet clinical need in children, adolescents, and young adults. METHODS To identify key signaling pathway vulnerabilities in CCS, a multi-pronged approach was taken: (i) genomic and transcriptomic landscape analysis, (ii) integrated chemical biology interrogations, (iii) development of CREB1/ATF1 inhibitors, and (iv) antibody-drug conjugate testing (ADC). The first approach encompassed DNA exome and RNA deep sequencing of the largest human CCS cohort yet reported consisting of 47 patient tumor samples and 8 cell lines. RESULTS Sequencing revealed recurrent mutations in cell cycle checkpoint, DNA double-strand break repair or DNA mismatch repair genes, with a correspondingly low to intermediate tumor mutational burden. DNA multi-copy gains with corresponding high RNA expression were observed in CCS tumor subsets. CCS cell lines responded to the HER3 ADC patritumab deruxtecan in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, with impaired long term cell viability. CONCLUSION These studies of the genomic, transcriptomic and chemical biology landscape represent a resource 'atlas' for the field of CCS investigation and drug development. CHK inhibitors are identified as having potential relevance, CREB1 inhibitors non-dependence of CCS on CREB1 activity was established, and the potential utility of HER3 ADC being used in CCS is found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnieszka Wozniak
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of General Medical Oncology, and Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Kiyo Nagamori
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | | | - Andrew D Woods
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Shefali Chauhan
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Che-Jui Lee
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of General Medical Oncology, and Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erin R Rudzinski
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael K Swift
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David E Fisher
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evgeny Imyanitov
- N.N. Petrov National Medicine Research Center of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Isidro Machado
- Pathology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología and Patologika Laboratorio, Hospital QuironSalud, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nalan Gokgoz
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jay Wunder
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University Musculoskeletal Oncology Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Takuro Nakamura
- The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Khin Thway
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Robin L Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Paul H Huang
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - Noah E Berlow
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR, USA.
| | - Patrick Schöffski
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of General Medical Oncology, and Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charles Keller
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, OR, USA.
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4
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Bieberich AA, Asquith CRM. Utilization of Supervised Machine Learning to Understand Kinase Inhibitor Toxophore Profiles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065088. [PMID: 36982163 PMCID: PMC10049021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been more than 70 FDA-approved drugs to target the ATP binding site of kinases, mainly in the field of oncology. These compounds are usually developed to target specific kinases, but in practice, most of these drugs are multi-kinase inhibitors that leverage the conserved nature of the ATP pocket across multiple kinases to increase their clinical efficacy. To utilize kinase inhibitors in targeted therapy and outside of oncology, a narrower kinome profile and an understanding of the toxicity profile is imperative. This is essential when considering treating chronic diseases with kinase targets, including neurodegeneration and inflammation. This will require the exploration of inhibitor chemical space and an in-depth understanding of off-target interactions. We have developed an early pipeline toxicity screening platform that uses supervised machine learning (ML) to classify test compounds’ cell stress phenotypes relative to a training set of on-market and withdrawn drugs. Here, we apply it to better understand the toxophores of some literature kinase inhibitor scaffolds, looking specifically at a series of 4-anilinoquinoline and 4-anilinoquinazoline model libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Bieberich
- AsedaSciences Inc., 1281 Win Hentschel Boulevard, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Christopher R. M. Asquith
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-50-400-3138; Fax: +358-82-944-4091
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5
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Development of an LC-MS/MS Method for Quantification of Sapitinib in Human Liver Microsomes: In Silico and In Vitro Metabolic Stability Evaluation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052322. [PMID: 36903565 PMCID: PMC10005647 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sapitinib (AZD8931, SPT) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family (pan-erbB). In multiple tumor cell lines, STP has been shown to be a much more potent inhibitor of EGF-driven cellular proliferation than gefitinib. In the current study, a highly sensitive, rapid, and specific LC-MS/MS analytical method for the estimation of SPT in human liver microsomes (HLMs) was established with application to metabolic stability assessment. The LC-MS/MS analytical method was validated in terms of linearity, selectivity, precision, accuracy, matrix effect, extraction recovery, carryover, and stability following the FDA guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. SPT was detected using electrospray ionization (ESI) as an ionization source under multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in the positive ion mode. The IS-normalized matrix factor and extraction recovery were acceptable for the bioanalysis of SPT. The SPT calibration curve was linear, from 1 ng/mL to 3000 ng/mL HLM matrix samples, with a linear regression equation of y = 1.7298x + 3.62941 (r2 = 0.9949). The intraday and interday accuracy and precision values of the LC-MS/MS method were -1.45-7.25% and 0.29-6.31%, respectively. SPT and filgotinib (FGT) (internal standard; IS) were separated through the use of an isocratic mobile phase system with a Luna 3 µm PFP(2) column (150 × 4.6 mm) stationary phase column. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.88 ng/mL, confirming the LC-MS/MS method sensitivity. The intrinsic clearance and in vitro half-life of STP were 38.48 mL/min/kg and 21.07 min, respectively. STP exhibited a moderate extraction ratio that revealed good bioavailability. The literature review demonstrated that the current analytical method is the first developed LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of SPT in an HLM matrix with application to SPT metabolic stability evaluation.
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6
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Strickler JH, Yoshino T, Graham RP, Siena S, Bekaii-Saab T. Diagnosis and Treatment of ERBB2-Positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Review. JAMA Oncol 2022; 8:760-769. [PMID: 35238866 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.8196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Importance Amplification of ERBB2 (formerly referred to as HER2) is present in nearly 3% of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer overall and 5% of patients with KRAS and NRAS wild-type tumors. Despite the availability of several ERBB2-targeted therapeutic options for patients with ERBB2-positive breast and gastric/gastroesophageal tumors, to date, there are currently no approved therapies for patients with ERBB2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer, although ERBB2-targeted therapies are recommended in National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. Recent evidence indicates that anti-ERBB2 therapeutic strategies are active in patients with ERBB2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer and could potentially represent a new standard-of-care. Observations The protein ERBB2 is a member of a family of epidermal growth factor receptors that also includes epidermal growth factor receptor (ERBB1), ERBB3, and ERBB4. Amplification of ERBB2 leads to overexpression of the ERBB2 tyrosine kinase receptor, resulting in aberrant signaling and cell migration, growth, adhesion, and differentiation. Colorectal tumors that harbor ERBB2 amplification are more likely to originate on the left side of the colon, are associated with primary and acquired resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapies, and have increased incidence of central nervous system metastases. Using immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, next-generation sequencing, and liquid biopsy techniques, several randomized clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of ERBB2-targeted therapies in patients with ERBB2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer. These therapies include monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, many of which were associated with favorable efficacy and safety profiles when treating patients with ERBB2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer. Conclusions and Relevance The results of this review suggest the ERBB2 receptor is a promising target for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer; however, to date, no therapies are approved for use in this patient population. Therefore, it is imperative to continue to work to address this unmet need so that patients with ERBB2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer have therapeutic options should they become refractory to treatment with standard therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takayuki Yoshino
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Rondell P Graham
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda and Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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7
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Molavipordanjani S, Hosseinimehr SJ. The Radiolabeled HER3 Targeting Molecules for Tumor Imaging. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:141-152. [PMID: 34400948 PMCID: PMC8170765 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2021.114677.14991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family plays pivotal roles in physiologic and pathologic conditions (such as tumor growth, proliferation, and progression in multiple epithelial malignancies). All the family members are considered tyrosine kinase, while HER3 as a member of this family shows no intrinsic tyrosine kinase. HER3 is called ‘pseudokinase’ because it undergoes heterodimerization and forms dimers such as HER2-HER3 and HER1 (EGFR)-HER3. The exact role of HER3 in cancer is still unclear; however, the overexpression of this receptor is involved in the poor prognosis of malignancies. To that end, different studies investigated the development of radiotracers for imaging of HER3. The main focus of this review is to gather all the studies on developing new radiotracers for imaging of HER3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Molavipordanjani
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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8
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Francis T, Dixit SR, Kumar BRP. Discovery of Rhodanine and Thiazolidinediones as Novel Scaffolds for EGFR Inhibition: Design, Synthesis, Analysis and CoMSIA Studies. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1836004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tisa Francis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Sheshagiri R. Dixit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - B. R. Prashantha Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
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9
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Gao HL, Gupta P, Cui Q, Ashar YV, Wu ZX, Zeng L, Lei ZN, Teng QX, Ashby CR, Guan Y, Chen ZS. Sapitinib Reverses Anticancer Drug Resistance in Colon Cancer Cells Overexpressing the ABCB1 Transporter. Front Oncol 2020; 10:574861. [PMID: 33163405 PMCID: PMC7581728 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.574861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of anti-cancer drugs in patients can be attenuated by the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR) due to ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters overexpression. In this in vitro study, we determined the reversal efficacy of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EFGR) inhibitor, saptinib, in SW620 and SW720/Ad300 colon cancer cells and HEK293/ABCB1 cells which overexpress the ABCB1 transporter. Sapitinib significantly increased the efficacy of paclitaxel and doxorubicin in ABCB1 overexpressing cells without altering the expression or the subcellular location of the ABCB1 transporter. Sapitinib significantly increased the accumulation of [3H]-paclitaxel in SW620/AD300 cells probably by stimulating ATPase activity which could competitively inhibit the uptake of [3H]-paclitaxel. Furthermore, sapitinib inhibited the growth of resistant multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS). The docking study indicated that sapitinib interacted with the efflux site of ABCB1 transporter by π-π interaction and two hydrogen bonds. In conclusion, our study suggests that sapitinib surmounts MDR mediated by ABCB1 transporter in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ling Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Pranav Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Qingbin Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Yunali V Ashar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Leli Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States.,Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Yingjun Guan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
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10
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Antognelli C, Palumbo I, Piattoni S, Calzuola M, Del Papa B, Talesa VN, Aristei C. Exploring the radiosensitizing potential of AZD8931: a pilot study on the human LoVo colorectal cancer cell line. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1504-1512. [PMID: 32910714 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1820610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the radiosensitizing effect of AZD8931, a novel equipotent and reversible inhibitor of signaling by EGFR (HER1), HER2 and HER3 receptors, focusing on cell cycle progression, apoptosis and clonogenic capacity in the human LoVo colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line, also in comparison with the EGFR-blocking monoclonal antibody Cetuximab or the EGFR tyrosine kinase selective small molecular inhibitor Gefitinib. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells were pretreated with EGFR inhibitors for 5 consecutive days and then exposed or not to ionizing radiation (IR) (2 Gy daily for 3 consecutive days). Cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), clonogenic potential and radiosensitivity were studied by colony formation assay. RESULTS AZD8931 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis more effectively than Gefitinib and Cetuximab and, more importantly, it was significantly more potent than Gefitinib and Cetuximab in radiosensitizing cells. This radiosensitizing action by AZD8931 mainly occurred by markedly reducing cell cycle progression into S phase, the most radioresistant phase of cell cycle, secondly by inducing apoptosis and reducing clonogenic survival. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that AZD8931 increases IR efficacy in LoVo cells, suggesting that it works as a potent radiosensitizer, even more efficient than Gefitinib and Cetuximab, opening new pathways of investigation for further in vitro and in vivo studies aimed at confirming its potential to improve local radiotherapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Isabella Palumbo
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simonetta Piattoni
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Calzuola
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Del Papa
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo N Talesa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cynthia Aristei
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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11
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Tracey N, Creedon H, Kemp AJ, Culley J, Muir M, Klinowska T, Brunton VG. HO-1 drives autophagy as a mechanism of resistance against HER2-targeted therapies. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 179:543-555. [PMID: 31705351 PMCID: PMC6997276 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted therapies have resulted in major advances in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancers. Despite this, up to 70% of patients will develop resistance to treatment within 2 years and new strategies for targeting resistant disease are needed. METHODS To identify potential resistance mechanisms, we used the mouse MMTV-NIC-PTEN+/- spontaneous model of HER2-positive breast cancer and the pan-HER family kinase inhibitor sapatinib. Vehicle and sapatinib-treated tumors were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and proteomic analysis. In vitro studies were carried out to define the role of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and autophagy in resistance to sapatinib and lapatinib, another pan-HER family kinase inhibitor. RESULTS Treatment of tumor-bearing MMTV-NIC-PTEN+/- mice with sapatinib resulted in delayed tumor progression and increased survival. However, tumors eventually progressed on treatment. Proteomic analysis identified proteins associated with cellular iron homeostasis as being upregulated in the sapatinib-treated tumors. This included HO-1 whose overexpression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Overexpression of HO-1 in HER2-expressing SKBR3 breast cancer cells resulted in reduced sensitivity to both pan-HER family kinase inhibitors sapatinib and lapatinib. This was associated with increased autophagy in the HO-1 over-expressing cells. Furthermore, increased autophagy was also seen in the sapatinib-treated tumors. Treatment with autophagy inhibitors was able to increase the sensitivity of the HO-1 over-expressing cells to both lapatinib and sapatinib. CONCLUSION Together these data indicate a role for HO-1-induced autophagy in resistance to pan-HER family kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Tracey
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Helen Creedon
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Alain J Kemp
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Jayne Culley
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Morwenna Muir
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | | | - Valerie G Brunton
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK.
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12
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Thomas A, Virdee PS, Eatock M, Lord SR, Falk S, Anthoney DA, Turkington RC, Goff M, Elhussein L, Collins L, Love S, Moschandreas J, Middleton MR. Dual Erb B Inhibition in Oesophago-gastric Cancer (DEBIOC): A phase I dose escalating safety study and randomised dose expansion of AZD8931 in combination with oxaliplatin and capecitabine chemotherapy in patients with oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2020; 124:131-141. [PMID: 31765988 PMCID: PMC6947485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AZD8931 has equipotent activity against epidermal growth factor receptor, erbB2, and erbB3. Primary objectives were to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of AZD8931 + chemotherapy, and subsequently assess safety/preliminary clinical activity in patients with operable oesophagogastric cancer (OGC). METHODS AZD8931 (20 mg, 40 mg or 60 mg bd) was given with Xelox (oxaliplatin + capecitabine) for eight 21-day cycles, continuously or with intermittent schedule (4 days on/3 off every week; 14 days on/7 off, per cycle) in a rolling-six design. Subsequently, patients with OGC were randomised 2:1 to AZD8931 + Xelox at RP2D or Xelox only for two cycles, followed by radical oesophagogastric surgery. Secondary outcomes were safety, complete resection (R0) rate, six-month progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival. RESULTS During escalation, four dose-limiting toxicities were observed among 24 patients: skin rash (1) and failure to deliver 100% of Xelox because of treatment-associated grade III-IV adverse events (AEs) (3: diarrhoea and vomiting; vomiting; fatigue). Serious adverse events (SAE) occurred in 15 of 24 (63%) patients. RP2D was 20-mg bd with the 4/3 schedule. In the expansion phase, 2 of 20 (10%) patients in the Xelox + AZD8931 group and 5/10 (50%) patients in the Xelox group had grade III-IV AEs. Six-month PFS was 85% (90% CI: 66%-94%) in Xelox + AZD8931 and 100% in Xelox alone. Seven deaths (35%) occurred with Xelox + AZD8931 and one (10%) with Xelox. R0 rate was 45% (9/20) with Xelox + AZD8931 and 90% (9/10) with Xelox-alone (P = 0.024). CONCLUSION Xelox + AZD8931 (20 mg bd 4/3 days) has an acceptable safety profile administered as neoadjuvant therapy in operable patients with OGC. (Trial registration: EudraCT 2011-003169-13, ISRCTN-68093791).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pradeep S Virdee
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Stephen Falk
- Bristol Haematology & Oncology Centre, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Richard C Turkington
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Matthew Goff
- Oncology Clinical Trials Office, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leena Elhussein
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Linda Collins
- Oncology Clinical Trials Office, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sharon Love
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mark R Middleton
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, UK
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13
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Hinz TK, Kleczko EK, Singleton KR, Calhoun J, Marek LA, Kim J, Tan AC, Heasley LE. Functional RNAi Screens Define Distinct Protein Kinase Vulnerabilities in EGFR-Dependent HNSCC Cell Lines. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:862-870. [PMID: 31554698 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody, cetuximab, is an approved therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Despite tumor response observed in some HNSCC patients, cetuximab alone or combined with radio- or chemotherapy fails to yield long-term control or cures. We hypothesize that a flexible receptor tyrosine kinase coactivation signaling network supports HNSCC survival in the setting of EGFR blockade, and that drugs disrupting this network will provide superior tumor control when combined with EGFR inhibitors. In this work, we submitted EGFR-dependent HNSCC cell lines to RNA interference-based functional genomics screens to identify, in an unbiased fashion, essential protein kinases for growth and survival as well as synthetic lethal targets for combined inhibition with EGFR antagonists. Mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (MTOR) and erythroblastosis oncogene B (ERBB)3 were identified as high-ranking essential kinase hits in the HNSCC cell lines. MTOR dependency was confirmed by distinct short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) and high sensitivity of the cell lines to AZD8055, whereas ERBB3 dependency was validated by shRNA-mediated silencing. Furthermore, a synthetic lethal kinome shRNA screen with a pan-ERBB inhibitor, AZD8931, identified multiple components of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, consistent with ERK reactivation and/or incomplete ERK pathway inhibition in response to EGFR inhibitor monotherapy. As validation, distinct mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors yielded synergistic growth inhibition when combined with the EGFR inhibitors, gefitinib and AZD8931. The findings identify ERBB3 and MTOR as important pharmacological vulnerabilities in HNSCC and support combining MEK and EGFR inhibitors to enhance clinical efficacy in HNSCC. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Many cancers are driven by nonmutated receptor tyrosine kinase coactivation networks that defy full inhibition with single targeted drugs. This study identifies erythroblastosis oncogene B (ERBB)3 as an essential protein kinase in epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) cell lines and a synthetic lethal interaction with the extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway that provides a rationale for combining pan-ERBB and mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors as a therapeutic approach in subsets of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trista K Hinz
- Departments of Craniofacial Biology (T.K.H., E.K.K., K.R.S., J.C., L.A.M., L.E.H.) and Medicine (J.K., A.C.T.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Emily K Kleczko
- Departments of Craniofacial Biology (T.K.H., E.K.K., K.R.S., J.C., L.A.M., L.E.H.) and Medicine (J.K., A.C.T.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Katherine R Singleton
- Departments of Craniofacial Biology (T.K.H., E.K.K., K.R.S., J.C., L.A.M., L.E.H.) and Medicine (J.K., A.C.T.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jacob Calhoun
- Departments of Craniofacial Biology (T.K.H., E.K.K., K.R.S., J.C., L.A.M., L.E.H.) and Medicine (J.K., A.C.T.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lindsay A Marek
- Departments of Craniofacial Biology (T.K.H., E.K.K., K.R.S., J.C., L.A.M., L.E.H.) and Medicine (J.K., A.C.T.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jihye Kim
- Departments of Craniofacial Biology (T.K.H., E.K.K., K.R.S., J.C., L.A.M., L.E.H.) and Medicine (J.K., A.C.T.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Aik Choon Tan
- Departments of Craniofacial Biology (T.K.H., E.K.K., K.R.S., J.C., L.A.M., L.E.H.) and Medicine (J.K., A.C.T.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lynn E Heasley
- Departments of Craniofacial Biology (T.K.H., E.K.K., K.R.S., J.C., L.A.M., L.E.H.) and Medicine (J.K., A.C.T.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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14
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Cell type-dependent differential activation of ERK by oncogenic KRAS in colon cancer and intestinal epithelium. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2919. [PMID: 31266962 PMCID: PMC6606648 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in KRAS or BRAF are frequent in colorectal cancer and activate the ERK kinase. Here, we find graded ERK phosphorylation correlating with cell differentiation in patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids with and without KRAS mutations. Using reporters, single cell transcriptomics and mass cytometry, we observe cell type-specific phosphorylation of ERK in response to transgenic KRASG12V in mouse intestinal organoids, while transgenic BRAFV600E activates ERK in all cells. Quantitative network modelling from perturbation data reveals that activation of ERK is shaped by cell type-specific MEK to ERK feed forward and negative feedback signalling. We identify dual-specificity phosphatases as candidate modulators of ERK in the intestine. Furthermore, we find that oncogenic KRAS, together with β-Catenin, favours expansion of crypt cells with high ERK activity. Our experiments highlight key differences between oncogenic BRAF and KRAS in colorectal cancer and find unexpected heterogeneity in a signalling pathway with fundamental relevance for cancer therapy. KRASG12V and BRAFV600E are oncogenic mutations that activate ERK signalling. Here, the authors use single cell analysis in intestinal organoids and show that BRAFV600E activates ERK in all intestinal cell types, while KRASG12V induces ERK activation in only a subset of cells, depending on cell differentiation state.
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15
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Recent advancements of 4-aminoquinazoline derivatives as kinase inhibitors and their applications in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 170:55-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Akhtar MJ, Khan AA, Ali Z, Dewangan RP, Rafi M, Hassan MQ, Akhtar MS, Siddiqui AA, Partap S, Pasha S, Yar MS. Synthesis of stable benzimidazole derivatives bearing pyrazole as anticancer and EGFR receptor inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2018; 78:158-169. [PMID: 29571113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new series of benzimidazole linked pyrazole derivatives were synthesized by cyclocondensation reaction through one-pot multicomponent reaction in absolute ethanol. All the synthesized compounds were tested for their in vitro anticancer activities on five human cancer cell lines including MCF-7, HaCaT, MDA-MB231, A549 and HepG2. EGFR receptor inhibitory activities were carried out for all the compounds. Majority of the compounds showed potent antiproliferative activity against the tested cancer cell lines. Compound 5a showed the most effective activity against the lungs cancer cell lines (IC50 = 2.2 µM) and EGFR binding (IC50 = 0.97 µM) affinity as compared to other members of the series. Compound 5a inhibited growth of A549 cancer cells by inducing a strong G2/M phase arrest. In addition, same compound inhibited growth of A549 cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. In molecular docking studies compound 5a was bound to the active pocket of the EGFR (PDB 1M17) with five key hydrogen bonds and two π-π interaction with binding energies ΔG = -34.581 Kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jawaid Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ahsan Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Zulphikar Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | | | - Md Rafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Md Quamrul Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Md Sayeed Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Anees Ahmad Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sangh Partap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Santosh Pasha
- Lab no 405, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - M Shahar Yar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India.
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17
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Jin H, Dan HG, Rao GW. Research progress in quinazoline derivatives as multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2017-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), are involved in multiple human tumors. Therefore, RTKs are attractive targets for various antitumor strategies. Two classes of tyrosine kinase antagonists were applied in the clinic for monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors. A well-studied class of small-molecule inhibitors is represented by 4-anilinoquinazolines, exemplified by gefitinib and erlotinib as mono-targeted EGFR inhibitors, which were approved for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Mono-target drugs may result in drug resistance and the innovation of multi-target drugs has grown up to be an active field. Recent advances in research on antitumor bioactivity of 4-anilino(or phenoxy)quinazoline derivatives with multiple targets are reviewed in this paper. At the same time, synthetic methods of quinazolines were introduced from the point of building the ring skeleton and based on the types of reaction.
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18
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Goundry WRF, Boardman K, Cunningham O, Evans M, Jones MF, Millard K, Rozada-Sanchez R, Sawyer Y, Siedlecki P, Whitlock B. The Development of a Dimroth Rearrangement Route to AZD8931. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William R. F. Goundry
- The
Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Kay Boardman
- The Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Cunningham
- The Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Evans
- The Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Martin F. Jones
- The Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Millard
- The Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Raquel Rozada-Sanchez
- The Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Sawyer
- The
Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Siedlecki
- The Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Whitlock
- The Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
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19
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Karachaliou N, Lazzari C, Verlicchi A, Sosa AE, Rosell R. HER3 as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer. BioDrugs 2017; 31:63-73. [PMID: 28000159 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-016-0205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Targeting members of the human epidermal growth factor receptor family, especially EGFR and HER2, has been an established strategy for the treatment of tumors with abnormally activated receptors due to overexpression, mutation, ligand-dependent receptor dimerization and ligand-independent activation. Less attention has been paid to the oncogenic activity of HER3, although there is growing evidence that it mediates resistance to EGFR and HER2 pathway directed therapies. The main caveat for the development of effective HER3 targeted therapies is the absence of a strong enzymatic activity to target, as well as the limited potential for single-agent activity. In this review, we highlight the role of HER3 in cancer and, more specifically, in lung cancer. The basis for HER3 involvement in HER2 resistance and EGFR inhibition is discussed, as well as current pharmacologic strategies to combat HER3 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Karachaliou
- Medical Oncology Department, Institute of Oncology Rosell (IOR), University Hospital Sagrat Cor, C/Viladomat 288, 08029, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Chiara Lazzari
- Departmemt of Oncology, Division of Experimental Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Aaron E Sosa
- Medical Oncology Department, Institute of Oncology Rosell (IOR), University Hospital Sagrat Cor, C/Viladomat 288, 08029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
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20
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Qu D, Yan A, Zhang JS. SAR and QSAR study on the bioactivities of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) inhibitors. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 28:111-132. [PMID: 28235391 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2017.1284898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, structure-activity relationship (SAR, classification) and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models have been established to predict the bioactivity of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) inhibitors. For the SAR study, we established six SAR (or classification) models to distinguish highly and weakly active HER2 inhibitors. The dataset contained 868 HER2 inhibitors, which was split into a training set including 580 inhibitors and a test set including 288 inhibitors by a Kohonen's self-organizing map (SOM), or a random method. The SAR models were performed using support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) methods. Among the six models, SVM models obtained superior results compared with other models. The prediction accuracy of the best model (model 1A) was 90.27% and the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) was 0.80 on the test set. For the QSAR study, we chose 286 HER2 inhibitors to establish six quantitative prediction models using MLR, SVM and MLP methods. The correlation coefficient (r) of the best model (model 4B) was 0.92 on the test set. The descriptors analysis showed that HAccN, lone pair electronegativity and π electronegativity were closely related to the bioactivity of HER2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Qu
- a State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - A Yan
- a State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - J S Zhang
- b The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China , Beijing , P.R. China
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21
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Akhtar MJ, Siddiqui AA, Khan AA, Ali Z, Dewangan RP, Pasha S, Yar MS. Design, synthesis, docking and QSAR study of substituted benzimidazole linked oxadiazole as cytotoxic agents, EGFR and erbB2 receptor inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 126:853-869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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22
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Kettle JG, Wilson DM. Standing on the shoulders of giants: a retrospective analysis of kinase drug discovery at AstraZeneca. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1596-1608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. Heffron
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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24
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Kleczko EK, Kim J, Keysar SB, Heasley LR, Eagles JR, Simon M, Marshall ME, Singleton KR, Jimeno A, Tan AC, Heasley LE. An Inducible TGF-β2-TGFβR Pathway Modulates the Sensitivity of HNSCC Cells to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Targeting Dominant Receptor Tyrosine Kinases. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123600. [PMID: 25946135 PMCID: PMC4422719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in approximately 90% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), and molecularly targeted therapy against the EGFR with the monoclonal antibody cetuximab modestly increases overall survival in head and neck cancer patients. We hypothesize that co-signaling through additional pathways limits the efficacy of cetuximab and EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the clinical treatment of HNSCC. Analysis of gene expression changes in HNSCC cell lines treated 4 days with TKIs targeting EGFR and/or fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) identified transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2) induction in the three cell lines tested. Measurement of TGF-β2 mRNA validated this observation and extended it to additional cell lines. Moreover, TGF-β2 mRNA was increased in primary patient HNSCC xenografts treated for 4 weeks with cetuximab, demonstrating in vivo relevance of these findings. Functional genomics analyses with shRNA libraries identified TGF-β2 and TGF-β receptors (TGFβRs) as synthetic lethal genes in the context of TKI treatment. Further, direct RNAi-mediated silencing of TGF-β2 inhibited cell growth, both alone and in combination with TKIs. Also, a pharmacological TGFβRI inhibitor similarly inhibited basal growth and enhanced TKI efficacy. In summary, the studies support a TGF-β2-TGFβR pathway as a TKI-inducible growth pathway in HNSCC that limits efficacy of EGFR-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Kleczko
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Stephen B. Keysar
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lydia R. Heasley
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Justin R. Eagles
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Matthew Simon
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Marianne E. Marshall
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Katherine R. Singleton
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Antonio Jimeno
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Aik-Choon Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lynn E. Heasley
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
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Wang XM, Xin MH, Xu J, Kang BR, Li Y, Lu SM, Zhang SQ. Synthesis and antitumor activities evaluation of m-(4-morpholinoquinazolin-2-yl)benzamides in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 96:382-95. [PMID: 25911625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a series of m-(4-morpholinoquinazolin-2-yl)benzamides were designed, synthesized and characterized. The antiproliferative activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against two human cell lines (HCT-116 and MCF-7). Compounds with IC50 values below 4 μM were further evaluated against U-87 MG and A549 cell lines. Among these evaluated compounds, compound T10 displayed a remarkable antiproliferative effect in vitro. The hoechst staining assay showed that compound T10 caused morphological changes. The cell cycle and apoptosis assay further indicated that compound T10 can arrest HCT-116 cells in G2/M and G0/G1 phase and induce apoptosis. PI3K enzyme assays indicated that compounds T7 and T10 selectively inhibit PI3Kα. A Western bolt assay further suggested that compound T10 can block the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Moreover, compound T10 inhibited tumor growth on a mice S180 homograft model. These findings directly identify m-(4-morpholinoquinazolin-2-yl)benzamide derivatives as novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Meng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Min-Hang Xin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Bo-Rui Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - She-Min Lu
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - San-Qi Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
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Schroeder RL, Stevens CL, Sridhar J. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors of ErbB2/HER2/Neu in the treatment of aggressive breast cancer. Molecules 2014; 19:15196-212. [PMID: 25251190 PMCID: PMC6270702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190915196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a member of the erbB class of tyrosine kinase receptors. These proteins are normally expressed at the surface of healthy cells and play critical roles in the signal transduction cascade in a myriad of biochemical pathways responsible for cell growth and differentiation. However, it is widely known that amplification and subsequent overexpression of the HER2 encoding oncogene results in unregulated cell proliferation in an aggressive form of breast cancer known as HER2-positive breast cancer. Existing therapies such as trastuzumab (Herceptin®) and lapatinib (Tyverb/Tykerb®), a monoclonal antibody inhibitor and a dual EGFR/HER2 kinase inhibitor, respectively, are currently used in the treatment of HER2-positive cancers, although issues with high recurrence and acquired resistance still remain. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors provide attractive therapeutic targets, as they are able to block cell signaling associated with many of the proposed mechanisms for HER2 resistance. In this regard we aim to present a review on the available HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as well as those currently in development. The use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors as sequential or combinatorial therapeutic strategies with other HER family inhibitors is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
| | - Cheryl L Stevens
- Ogden College of Science and Engineering, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard #11075, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA.
| | - Jayalakshmi Sridhar
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
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Wang M, Gao M, Zheng QH. The first radiosynthesis of [ 11 C]AZD8931 as a new potential PET agent for imaging of EGFR, HER2 and HER3 signaling. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4455-4459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Khan I, Ibrar A, Abbas N, Saeed A. Recent advances in the structural library of functionalized quinazoline and quinazolinone scaffolds: Synthetic approaches and multifarious applications. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 76:193-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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