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Astratov VN, Sahel YB, Eldar YC, Huang L, Ozcan A, Zheludev N, Zhao J, Burns Z, Liu Z, Narimanov E, Goswami N, Popescu G, Pfitzner E, Kukura P, Hsiao YT, Hsieh CL, Abbey B, Diaspro A, LeGratiet A, Bianchini P, Shaked NT, Simon B, Verrier N, Debailleul M, Haeberlé O, Wang S, Liu M, Bai Y, Cheng JX, Kariman BS, Fujita K, Sinvani M, Zalevsky Z, Li X, Huang GJ, Chu SW, Tzang O, Hershkovitz D, Cheshnovsky O, Huttunen MJ, Stanciu SG, Smolyaninova VN, Smolyaninov II, Leonhardt U, Sahebdivan S, Wang Z, Luk’yanchuk B, Wu L, Maslov AV, Jin B, Simovski CR, Perrin S, Montgomery P, Lecler S. Roadmap on Label-Free Super-Resolution Imaging. LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS 2023; 17:2200029. [PMID: 38883699 PMCID: PMC11178318 DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Label-free super-resolution (LFSR) imaging relies on light-scattering processes in nanoscale objects without a need for fluorescent (FL) staining required in super-resolved FL microscopy. The objectives of this Roadmap are to present a comprehensive vision of the developments, the state-of-the-art in this field, and to discuss the resolution boundaries and hurdles which need to be overcome to break the classical diffraction limit of the LFSR imaging. The scope of this Roadmap spans from the advanced interference detection techniques, where the diffraction-limited lateral resolution is combined with unsurpassed axial and temporal resolution, to techniques with true lateral super-resolution capability which are based on understanding resolution as an information science problem, on using novel structured illumination, near-field scanning, and nonlinear optics approaches, and on designing superlenses based on nanoplasmonics, metamaterials, transformation optics, and microsphere-assisted approaches. To this end, this Roadmap brings under the same umbrella researchers from the physics and biomedical optics communities in which such studies have often been developing separately. The ultimate intent of this paper is to create a vision for the current and future developments of LFSR imaging based on its physical mechanisms and to create a great opening for the series of articles in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily N. Astratov
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223-0001, USA
| | - Yair Ben Sahel
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yonina C. Eldar
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Luzhe Huang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Nikolay Zheludev
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Junxiang Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Zachary Burns
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Zhaowei Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Material Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Evgenii Narimanov
- School of Electrical Engineering, and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Neha Goswami
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Emanuel Pfitzner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Teng Hsiao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica 1, Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Hsieh
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica 1, Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Brian Abbey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Aymeric LeGratiet
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, F-22305 Lannion, France
| | - Paolo Bianchini
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Natan T. Shaked
- Tel Aviv University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Bertrand Simon
- LP2N, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS UMR 5298, Université de Bordeaux, Talence France
| | - Nicolas Verrier
- IRIMAS UR UHA 7499, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | | | - Olivier Haeberlé
- IRIMAS UR UHA 7499, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, China
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, USA
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA
| | - Yeran Bai
- Boston University Photonics Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Boston University Photonics Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Behjat S. Kariman
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Katsumasa Fujita
- Department of Applied Physics and the Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory (AIST); and the Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Moshe Sinvani
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano-Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 Israel
| | - Zeev Zalevsky
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano-Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 Israel
| | - Xiangping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guan-Jie Huang
- Department of Physics and Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Wei Chu
- Department of Physics and Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Omer Tzang
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Center for Light matter Interactions, and the Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dror Hershkovitz
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Center for Light matter Interactions, and the Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ori Cheshnovsky
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Center for Light matter Interactions, and the Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Mikko J. Huttunen
- Laboratory of Photonics, Physics Unit, Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stefan G. Stanciu
- Center for Microscopy – Microanalysis and Information Processing, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vera N. Smolyaninova
- Department of Physics Astronomy and Geosciences, Towson University, 8000 York Rd., Towson, MD 21252, USA
| | - Igor I. Smolyaninov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ulf Leonhardt
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sahar Sahebdivan
- EMTensor GmbH, TechGate, Donau-City-Strasse 1, 1220 Wien, Austria
| | - Zengbo Wang
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 1UT, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Luk’yanchuk
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Alexey V. Maslov
- Department of Radiophysics, University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
| | - Boya Jin
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223-0001, USA
| | - Constantin R. Simovski
- Department of Electronics and Nano-Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 199034, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stephane Perrin
- ICube Research Institute, University of Strasbourg - CNRS - INSA de Strasbourg, 300 Bd. Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Paul Montgomery
- ICube Research Institute, University of Strasbourg - CNRS - INSA de Strasbourg, 300 Bd. Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Sylvain Lecler
- ICube Research Institute, University of Strasbourg - CNRS - INSA de Strasbourg, 300 Bd. Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
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Tang M, Han Y, Jia D, Yang Q, Cheng JX. Far-field super-resolution chemical microscopy. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:137. [PMID: 37277396 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Far-field chemical microscopy providing molecular electronic or vibrational fingerprint information opens a new window for the study of three-dimensional biological, material, and chemical systems. Chemical microscopy provides a nondestructive way of chemical identification without exterior labels. However, the diffraction limit of optics hindered it from discovering more details under the resolution limit. Recent development of super-resolution techniques gives enlightenment to open this door behind far-field chemical microscopy. Here, we review recent advances that have pushed the boundary of far-field chemical microscopy in terms of spatial resolution. We further highlight applications in biomedical research, material characterization, environmental study, cultural heritage conservation, and integrated chip inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Yubing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Danchen Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02459, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02459, USA.
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3
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Jang H, Li Y, Fung AA, Bagheri P, Hoang K, Skowronska-Krawczyk D, Chen X, Wu JY, Bintu B, Shi L. Super-resolution SRS microscopy with A-PoD. Nat Methods 2023; 20:448-458. [PMID: 36797410 PMCID: PMC10246886 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01779-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) offers the ability to image metabolic dynamics with high signal-to-noise ratio. However, its spatial resolution is limited by the numerical aperture of the imaging objective and the scattering cross-section of molecules. To achieve super-resolved SRS imaging, we developed a deconvolution algorithm, adaptive moment estimation (Adam) optimization-based pointillism deconvolution (A-PoD) and demonstrated a spatial resolution of lower than 59 nm on the membrane of a single lipid droplet (LD). We applied A-PoD to spatially correlated multiphoton fluorescence imaging and deuterium oxide (D2O)-probed SRS (DO-SRS) imaging from diverse samples to compare nanoscopic distributions of proteins and lipids in cells and subcellular organelles. We successfully differentiated newly synthesized lipids in LDs using A-PoD-coupled DO-SRS. The A-PoD-enhanced DO-SRS imaging method was also applied to reveal metabolic changes in brain samples from Drosophila on different diets. This new approach allows us to quantitatively measure the nanoscopic colocalization of biomolecules and metabolic dynamics in organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongje Jang
- Shu Chien - Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yajuan Li
- Shu Chien - Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anthony A Fung
- Shu Chien - Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pegah Bagheri
- Shu Chien - Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Khang Hoang
- Shu Chien - Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Xiaoping Chen
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jane Y Wu
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bogdan Bintu
- Shu Chien - Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lingyan Shi
- Shu Chien - Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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4
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Hershkovitz D, Arieli U, Sinha SS, Cheshnovsky O, Suchowski H. Second-Order Photoinduced Reflectivity for Retrieval of the Dynamics in Plasmonic Nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6179-6185. [PMID: 35866701 PMCID: PMC9372992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the change in reflectivity (ΔR) using the traditional pump-probe approach can monitor photoinduced ultrafast dynamics in matter, yet relating these dynamic to physical processes for complex systems is not unique. By applying a simple modification to the classical pump-probe technique, we simultaneously measure both the first and second order of ΔR. These additional data impose new constraints on the interpretation of the underlying ultrafast dynamics. In the first application of the approach, we probe the dynamics induced by a pump laser on the local-surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in gold nanoantennas. Measurements of ΔR over several picoseconds and a wide range of probe wavelengths around the LSPR peak are followed by data fitting using the two-temperature model. The constraints, imposed by the second-order data, lead us to modify the model and force us to include the contribution of nonthermalized electrons in the early stages of the dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror Hershkovitz
- Raymond
and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of
Chemistry, Center for Light−Matter Interaction, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of
Exact Sciences, School of Physics & AstronomyTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Uri Arieli
- Raymond
and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of
Chemistry, Center for Light−Matter Interaction, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of
Exact Sciences, School of Physics & AstronomyTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Sudarson Sekhar Sinha
- Raymond
and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of
Chemistry, Center for Light−Matter Interaction, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of
Exact Sciences, School of Physics & AstronomyTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ori Cheshnovsky
- Raymond
and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of
Chemistry, Center for Light−Matter Interaction, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of
Exact Sciences, School of Physics & AstronomyTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Haim Suchowski
- Raymond
and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of
Chemistry, Center for Light−Matter Interaction, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of
Exact Sciences, School of Physics & AstronomyTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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5
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Dhiman S, Andrian T, Gonzalez BS, Tholen MME, Wang Y, Albertazzi L. Can super-resolution microscopy become a standard characterization technique for materials chemistry? Chem Sci 2022; 13:2152-2166. [PMID: 35310478 PMCID: PMC8864713 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05506b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of newly synthesized materials is a cornerstone of all chemistry and nanotechnology laboratories. For this purpose, a wide array of analytical techniques have been standardized and are used routinely by laboratories across the globe. With these methods we can understand the structure, dynamics and function of novel molecular architectures and their relations with the desired performance, guiding the development of the next generation of materials. Moreover, one of the challenges in materials chemistry is the lack of reproducibility due to improper publishing of the sample preparation protocol. In this context, the recent adoption of the reporting standard MIRIBEL (Minimum Information Reporting in Bio-Nano Experimental Literature) for material characterization and details of experimental protocols aims to provide complete, reproducible and reliable sample preparation for the scientific community. Thus, MIRIBEL should be immediately adopted in publications by scientific journals to overcome this challenge. Besides current standard spectroscopy and microscopy techniques, there is a constant development of novel technologies that aim to help chemists unveil the structure of complex materials. Among them super-resolution microscopy (SRM), an optical technique that bypasses the diffraction limit of light, has facilitated the study of synthetic materials with multicolor ability and minimal invasiveness at nanometric resolution. Although still in its infancy, the potential of SRM to unveil the structure, dynamics and function of complex synthetic architectures has been highlighted in pioneering reports during the last few years. Currently, SRM is a sophisticated technique with many challenges in sample preparation, data analysis, environmental control and automation, and moreover the instrumentation is still expensive. Therefore, SRM is currently limited to expert users and is not implemented in characterization routines. This perspective discusses the potential of SRM to transition from a niche technique to a standard routine method for material characterization. We propose a roadmap for the necessary developments required for this purpose based on a collaborative effort from scientists and engineers across disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Dhiman
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology P. O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P. O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Teodora Andrian
- Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
| | - Beatriz Santiago Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Marrit M E Tholen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P. O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology Postbus 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
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Lucidi M, Tranca DE, Nichele L, Ünay D, Stanciu GA, Visca P, Holban AM, Hristu R, Cincotti G, Stanciu SG. SSNOMBACTER: A collection of scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy images of bacterial cells. Gigascience 2020; 9:giaa129. [PMID: 33231675 PMCID: PMC7684706 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, a variety of imaging techniques operating at nanoscale resolution have been reported. These techniques have the potential to enrich our understanding of bacterial species relevant to human health, such as antibiotic-resistant pathogens. However, owing to the novelty of these techniques, their use is still confined to addressing very particular applications, and their availability is limited owing to associated costs and required expertise. Among these, scattering-type scanning near field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool for exploring important optical properties at nanoscale resolution, depending only on the size of a sharp tip. Despite its huge potential to resolve aspects that cannot be tackled otherwise, the penetration of s-SNOM into the life sciences is still proceeding at a slow pace for the aforementioned reasons. RESULTS In this work we introduce SSNOMBACTER, a set of s-SNOM images collected on 15 bacterial species. These come accompanied by registered Atomic Force Microscopy images, which are useful for placing nanoscale optical information in a relevant topographic context. CONCLUSIONS The proposed dataset aims to augment the popularity of s-SNOM and for accelerating its penetration in life sciences. Furthermore, we consider this dataset to be useful for the development and benchmarking of image analysis tools dedicated to s-SNOM imaging, which are scarce, despite the high need. In this latter context we discuss a series of image processing and analysis applications where SSNOMBACTER could be of help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Lucidi
- University Roma Tre, Department of Engineering, via Vito Volterra 62, Rome, 00146, Italy
| | - Denis E Tranca
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest,060042, Romania
| | - Lorenzo Nichele
- University Roma Tre, Department of Engineering, via Vito Volterra 62, Rome, 00146, Italy
| | - Devrim Ünay
- İzmir Democracy University, Faculty of Engineering, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 14 Gürsel Aksel Bulvarı, İzmir, 35140, Turkey
| | - George A Stanciu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest,060042, Romania
| | - Paolo Visca
- University Roma Tre, Department of Science, via Vito Volterra 62, Rome, 00146, Italy
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 1-3 Aleea Portocalelor, Bucharest, 060101, Romania
| | - Radu Hristu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest,060042, Romania
| | - Gabriella Cincotti
- University Roma Tre, Department of Engineering, via Vito Volterra 62, Rome, 00146, Italy
| | - Stefan G Stanciu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest,060042, Romania
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7
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Samolis PD, Sander MY. Phase-sensitive lock-in detection for high-contrast mid-infrared photothermal imaging with sub-diffraction limited resolution. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:2643-2655. [PMID: 30732299 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.002643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Imaging of the phase output of a lock-in amplifier in mid-infrared photothermal vibrational microscopy is demonstrated for the first time in combination with nonlinear demodulation. In general, thermal blurring and heat transport phenomena contribute to the resolution and sensitivity of mid-infrared photothermal imaging. For heterogeneous samples with multiple absorbing features, if imaged in a spectral regime of comparable absorption with their embedding medium, it is demonstrated that differentiation with high contrast is achieved in complementary imaging of the phase signal obtained from a lock-in amplifier compared to standard imaging of the photothermal amplitude signal. Specifically, by investigating the relative contribution of the out-of-phase lock-in signal, information based on changes in the rate of heat transport can be extracted, and inhomogeneities in the thermal diffusion properties across the sample plane can be mapped with high sensitivity and sub-diffraction limited resolution. Under these imaging conditions, wavenumber regimes can be identified in which the thermal diffusion contributions are minimized and an enhancement of the spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limited spot size of the probe beam in the corresponding phase images is achieved. By combining relative diffusive phase imaging with nonlinear demodulation at the second harmonic, it is demonstrated that 1-μm-size melamine beads embedded in a thin layer of 4-octyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) liquid crystal can be detected with a 1.3-μm spatial full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) resolution. Thus, imaging with a resolving power that exceeds the probe diffraction limited spot size by a factor of 2.5 is presented, which paves the route towards super-resolution, label-free imaging in the mid-infrared.
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8
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Tzang O, Hershkovitz D, Nagler A, Cheshnovsky O. Pure sinusoidal photo-modulation using an acousto-optic modulator. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:123102. [PMID: 30599569 DOI: 10.1063/1.5020796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We use an arbitrary waveform generator to generate a clean sinusoidal modulation from the otherwise nonlinear acousto-optic modulator (AOM). A closed loop optimization script is applied to reduce high order harmonic distortion to less than 0.05% in a high AOM diffraction efficiency regime. This low level of distortion allows us to measure the nonlinear response to photoexcitation of many materials. We demonstrate this technique in a pump-probe experiment to measure the Nonlinear Photo-Modulated Reflectivity (NPMR) of surfaces. NPMR served us as the basis for developing super-resolution microscopy for non-fluorescence samples (label-free) as well as a tool in studying the ultrafast nonlinear response of photo-excited plasmonic nano-structures. Our methodology could be applied to other imaging systems in which measuring nonlinearity is desirable, such as fluorescence and photoacoustic microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Tzang
- School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D Hershkovitz
- School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A Nagler
- School of Physics, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - O Cheshnovsky
- School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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9
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Pinhas H, Wagner O, Danan Y, Danino M, Zalevsky Z, Sinvani M. Plasma dispersion effect based super-resolved imaging in silicon. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:25370-25380. [PMID: 30469640 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.025370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present here a new method for shaping a pulsed IR (λ = 1550nm) laser beam in silicon. The shaping is based on the plasma dispersion effect (PDE). The shaping is done by a second pulsed pump laser beam at 532nm (in either a Gaussian mode or a donut mode) which simultaneously and collinearly illuminates the silicon's surface with the IR beam. Following the PDE, and in proportion to its spatial intensity distribution, the 532nm laser beam shapes the point spread function (PSF) by controlling the lateral transmission of the IR probe beam. The use of this probe in a laser scanning microscope allows imaging and a wide range of contactless electrical measurements in silicon integrated circuits (IC) being under operation. We propose this shaping method to overcome the diffraction resolution limit in silicon microscopy on and deep under the silicon surface.
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10
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Totachawattana A, Hong MK, Erramilli S, Sander MY. Multiple bifurcations with signal enhancement in nonlinear mid-infrared thermal lens spectroscopy. Analyst 2018; 142:1882-1890. [PMID: 28275761 DOI: 10.1039/c6an02565j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel nonlinear mid-infrared vibrational spectroscopy regime where multiple bifurcations and signal enhancement are observed in the photothermal spectrum of a 6 μm-thick layer of 4-octyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) liquid crystal. For increasing pump power values, the nonlinear evolution of the photothermal spectrum is studied in 8CB samples initially in the crystalline and smectic-A phase and their non-equilibrium transitions are characterized with pump-probe thermal lens spectroscopy. The nonlinear photothermal phenomena can be explained by the nucleation of localized non-equilibrium transitions that leads to the formation of bubbles, which modify the thermal lensing behavior. Analysis of the multiple bifurcations reveals a universal critical exponent for these non-equilibrium dynamics that can be linked to mean field theory. We report for the first time simultaneous measurement of the photothermal signal amplitude and phase behavior in the nonlinear regime. Due to the signal enhancement and spectral narrowing observed, nonlinear photothermal behavior shows promise for improvement in sensitivity and signal contrast in mid-infrared, attractive for sample characterization in the mid-infrared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atcha Totachawattana
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary's Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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11
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Oscurato SL, Borbone F, Devlin RC, Capasso F, Maddalena P, Ambrosio A. New microscopy technique based on position localization of scattering particles. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:11530-11549. [PMID: 28788717 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.011530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the Holographic - Single Scatterer Localization Microscopy in which we combine dynamical laser speckle illumination with centroid localization of backscattered light spots in order to localize isolated scattering particles. The reconstructed centroid images show very accurate particle localization, with precision much better than the width of diffraction-limited image of the particles recorded by the CCD. Furthermore, the method provides an improved resolution in distinguishing two very close scattering objects compared to the standard laser scanning techniques and can be assimilated to a confocal technique in the ability of light background rejection in three-dimensional disposition of scattering objects. The illumination is controlled via a digital holography setup based on the use of a spatial light modulator. This allows not only a high level of versatility in the illumination patterns, but also the remarkable characteristics of absence of moving mechanical parts, typical of the laser scanning techniques, and the possibility of strongly miniaturizing the setup.
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12
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Tzang O, Piestun R. Lock-in detection of photoacoustic feedback signal for focusing through scattering media using wave-front shaping. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:28122-28130. [PMID: 27906377 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.028122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Wave-front shaping techniques enable focusing and imaging through scattering media. Unfortunately, most approaches require invasive feedback inside or behind the sample, or use of spatial correlations (memory effect) limiting the application to specific types of samples. Recent approaches overcome these limitations by taking advantage of acoustic waves via the photoacoustic (PA) effect or via photon tagging. We present a fully analog signal processing lock-in scheme for PA detection to improve focusing through scattering media and to efficiently extract nonlinear photoacoustic signals towards wave-front optimization. Our implementation improves PA feedback performance in terms of SNR, speed, and resolution.
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13
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Dini D, Calvete MJF, Hanack M. Nonlinear Optical Materials for the Smart Filtering of Optical Radiation. Chem Rev 2016; 116:13043-13233. [PMID: 27933768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The control of luminous radiation has extremely important implications for modern and future technologies as well as in medicine. In this Review, we detail chemical structures and their relevant photophysical features for various groups of materials, including organic dyes such as metalloporphyrins and metallophthalocyanines (and derivatives), other common organic materials, mixed metal complexes and clusters, fullerenes, dendrimeric nanocomposites, polymeric materials (organic and/or inorganic), inorganic semiconductors, and other nanoscopic materials, utilized or potentially useful for the realization of devices able to filter in a smart way an external radiation. The concept of smart is referred to the characteristic of those materials that are capable to filter the radiation in a dynamic way without the need of an ancillary system for the activation of the required transmission change. In particular, this Review gives emphasis to the nonlinear optical properties of photoactive materials for the function of optical power limiting. All known mechanisms of optical limiting have been analyzed and discussed for the different types of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Dini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza" , P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mário J F Calvete
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra , Rua Larga, P 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Michael Hanack
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Fujita K. Follow-up review: recent progress in the development of super-resolution optical microscopy. Microscopy (Oxf) 2016; 65:275-81. [PMID: 27385787 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfw022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of super-resolution microscopy brought a huge impact to various research fields ranging from the fundamental science to medical and industrial applications. The technological development is still ongoing with involving different scientific disciplines and often changing the standard of optical imaging. In this review, I would like to introduce the recent research progress in super-resolution microscopy as a follow-up for the featured issue in Microscopy (Vol. 64, No. 4, 2015) with discussions especially on the current trends and new directions in the technological development.
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15
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Ding C, Wei J. Far-field optical imaging with subdiffraction resolution enabled by nonlinear saturation absorption. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18845. [PMID: 26727415 PMCID: PMC4698740 DOI: 10.1038/srep18845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The resolution of far-field optical imaging is required to improve beyond the Abbe limit to the subdiffraction or even the nanoscale. In this work, inspired by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) imaging, in which carbon (or Au) thin films are usually required to be coated on the sample surface before imaging to remove the charging effect while imaging by electrons. We propose a saturation-absorption-induced far-field super-resolution optical imaging method (SAI-SRIM). In the SAI-SRIM, the carbon (or Au) layers in SEM imaging are replaced by nonlinear-saturation-absorption (NSA) thin films, which are directly coated onto the sample surfaces using advanced thin film deposition techniques. The surface fluctuant morphologies are replicated to the NSA thin films, accordingly. The coated sample surfaces are then imaged using conventional laser scanning microscopy. Consequently, the imaging resolution is greatly improved, and subdiffraction-resolved optical images are obtained theoretically and experimentally. The SAI-SRIM provides an effective and easy way to achieve far-field super-resolution optical imaging for sample surfaces with geometric fluctuant morphology characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenliang Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsong Wei
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
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16
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Lee H, Li KY, Huang YT, Shen PT, Deka G, Oketani R, Yonemaru Y, Yamanaka M, Fujita K, Chu SW. Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 26780248 DOI: 10.3791/53338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmonics, which are based on the collective oscillation of electrons due to light excitation, involve strongly enhanced local electric fields and thus have potential applications in nonlinear optics, which requires extraordinary optical intensity. One of the most studied nonlinearities in plasmonics is nonlinear absorption, including saturation and reverse saturation behaviors. Although scattering and absorption in nanoparticles are closely correlated by the Mie theory, there has been no report of nonlinearities in plasmonic scattering until very recently. Last year, not only saturation, but also reverse saturation of scattering in an isolated plasmonic particle was demonstrated for the first time. The results showed that saturable scattering exhibits clear wavelength dependence, which seems to be directly linked to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Combined with the intensity-dependent measurements, the results suggest the possibility of a common mechanism underlying the nonlinear behaviors of scattering and absorption. These nonlinearities of scattering from a single gold nanosphere (GNS) are widely applicable, including in super-resolution microscopy and optical switches. In this paper, it is described in detail how to measure nonlinearity of scattering in a single GNP and how to employ the super-resolution technique to enhance the optical imaging resolution based on saturable scattering. This discovery features the first super-resolution microscopy based on nonlinear scattering, which is a novel non-bleaching contrast method that can achieve a resolution as low as l/8 and will potentially be useful in biomedicine and material studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Lee
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University
| | - Kuan-Yu Li
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University
| | - Yen-Ta Huang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University
| | - Po-Ting Shen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shi-Wei Chu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University; Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University;
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Tzang O, Cheshnovsky O. New modes in label-free super resolution based on photo-modulated reflectivity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:20926-20932. [PMID: 26367945 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.020926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent advances in far-field super-resolution (SR) microscopy rely on, and therefore are limited by the ability to control the fluorescence of label molecules. We demonstrated a far field label-free SR methodology that relies on the nonlinear response of the reflectance to photo-modulation by a pump laser. Here we extend our approach in two directions. We show that the method can be further simplified and improved by using a single beam rather than a pump and probe or by adding spatial probe modulation to improve resolution. Additionally, we demonstrate SR in sectioning and further investigate the dynamics of non-linearity in photo-modulated reflectance. These new modalities of nonlinear photo-modulated reflectivity (NPMR) enhance its applicability using lower orders of nonlinear response.
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Tzang O, Azoury D, Cheshnovsky O. Super resolution methodology based on temperature dependent Raman scattering. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:17929-17940. [PMID: 26191853 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.017929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The recent advances in far-field super-resolution (SR) microscopy rely on, and therefore are limited by the ability to control the fluorescence of label molecules. We suggest a new, label-free, far-field SR microscopy based on temperature dependence of Raman scattering. Here, we present simulation and experimental characterization of the method. In an ultrafast pump-probe scheme, a spatial temperature profile is optically excited throughout the diffraction-limited spot; the Raman spectrum is probed with an overlapping laser. Thermally induced shifts, recorded in a specific spectral region of interest (ROI), enable spatial discrimination between areas of different temperature. Our simulations show spatial resolution that surpasses the diffraction limit by more than a factor of 2. Our method is compatible with material characterization in ambient, vacuum and liquid, thin and thick samples alike.
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