1
|
Sharaha U, Hania D, Lapidot I, Salman A, Huleihel M. Early Detection of Pre-Cancerous and Cancerous Cells Using Raman Spectroscopy-Based Machine Learning. Cells 2023; 12:1909. [PMID: 37508572 PMCID: PMC10378363 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the most common and fatal disease around the globe, with an estimated 19 million newly diagnosed patients and approximately 10 million deaths annually. Patients with cancer struggle daily due to difficult treatments, pain, and financial and social difficulties. Detecting the disease in its early stages is critical in increasing the likelihood of recovery and reducing the financial burden on the patient and society. Currently used methods for the diagnosis of cancer are time-consuming, producing discomfort and anxiety for patients and significant medical waste. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the potential of Raman spectroscopy-based machine learning for the identification and characterization of precancerous and cancerous cells. As a representative model, normal mouse primary fibroblast cells (NFC) as healthy cells; a mouse fibroblast cell line (NIH/3T3), as precancerous cells; and fully malignant mouse fibroblasts (MBM-T) as cancerous cells were used. Raman spectra were measured from three different sites of each of the 457 investigated cells and analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Our results showed that it was possible to distinguish between the normal and abnormal (precancerous and cancerous) cells with a success rate of 93.1%; this value was 93.7% when distinguishing between normal and precancerous cells and 80.2% between precancerous and cancerous cells. Moreover, there was no influence of the measurement site on the differentiation between the different examined biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uraib Sharaha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Department of Biology, Science and Technology College, Hebron University, Hebron P760, Palestine
| | - Daniel Hania
- Department of Green Engineering, SCE-Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva 84100, Israel
| | - Itshak Lapidot
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, ACLP-Afeka Center for Language Processing, Afeka Tel-Aviv Academic College of Engineering, Tel-Aviv 69107, Israel
- Laboratoire Informatique d'Avignon (LIA), Avignon Université, 339 Chemin des Meinajaries, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Ahmad Salman
- Department of Physics, SCE-Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva 84100, Israel
| | - Mahmoud Huleihel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pardehkhorram R, Alshawawreh F, Gonçales VR, Lee NA, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. Functionalized Gold Nanorod Probes: A Sophisticated Design of SERS Immunoassay for Biodetection in Complex Media. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12954-12965. [PMID: 34520166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) probes offer considerable opportunities in label-based biosensing and analysis. However, achieving specific and reproducible performance, where low detection limits are needed in complex media, remains a challenge. Herein, we present a general strategy employing gold nanorod SERS probes and rationally designed surface chemistry involving protein resistant layers and antibodies to allow for the selective detection of species in complex media. By utilizing the ability of gold nanorods for selective surface modification, Raman reporters (4-mercaptobenzoic acid) were attached to the tips. Importantly, the sides of the nanorods were modified using a mixed layer of two different length stabilizing ligands (carboxyl-terminated oligo ethylene glycols) to ensure colloidal stability, while antibodies were attached to the stabilizing ligands. The nanoparticle interfacial design improves the colloidal stability, unlocks the capability of the probes for targeting biomolecules in complex matrices, and gives the probes the high SERS efficiency. The utility of this probe is demonstrated herein via the detection of Salmonella bacteria at the single bacterium level in complex food matrices using an anti-Salmonella IgG antibody-conjugated probe. The modular nature of the surface chemistry enables the SERS probes to be employed with a molecularly diverse range of biorecognition species (e.g., antibodies and peptides) for many different analytes, thus opening up new opportunities for efficient biosensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Pardehkhorram
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Fida'A Alshawawreh
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Vinicius R Gonçales
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - N Alice Lee
- ARC Training Centre for Advanced Technologies in Food Manufacture (ATFM), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen D, Zhu X, Huang J, Wang G, Zhao Y, Chen F, Wei J, Song Z, Zhao Y. Polydopamine@Gold Nanowaxberry Enabling Improved SERS Sensing of Pesticides, Pollutants, and Explosives in Complex Samples. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9048-9054. [PMID: 30001109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a promising analysis technique for detecting various analytes in complex samples due to its unique vibrational fingerprints and high signal enhancement. However, impurity interference and substrate unreliability are direct suppression factors for practical application. Herein, we synthesize polydopamine@gold (PDA@Au) nanowaxberry, where Au nanoparticles are deposited on the surface of PDA sphere with high density and uniformity. Seed-mediated synthesis is used for fabrication of nanowaxberry. Au seeds are deposited on the surface of PDA sphere, then I ion coordinating ligand is employed to form stable AuI4- complex with AuCl4-, which decreases reduction potential of AuCl4- and avails formation of shell structure. Such nanowaxberry has high density of voids and gaps in three-dimensional space, which could absorb analytes and benefit practical SERS detection. Using malachite green as a model analyte, nanowaxberry realizes highly sensitive detection with low limit of detection (1 pM) and good reproducibility (relative standard deviation of about 10%). Meanwhile, the nanowaxberry is employed for practical detection of thiram, benzidine, and 2,4-dinitrotoluene in the environmental water, juice, apple peel, and soil. The high performance makes nanowaxberry to be potentially used for pesticides detection, pollutants monitoring, and forbidden explosives sensing in complex samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , People's Republic of China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xi'an Shiyou University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710065 , People's Republic of China
| | - Gen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxiao Song
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Avitabile E, Bedognetti D, Ciofani G, Bianco A, Delogu LG. How can nanotechnology help the fight against breast cancer? NANOSCALE 2018; 10:11719-11731. [PMID: 29917035 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02796j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review we provide a broad overview on the use of nanotechnology for the fight against breast cancer (BC). Nowadays, detection, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention may be possible thanks to the application of nanotechnology to clinical practice. Taking into consideration the different forms of BC and the disease status, nanomaterials can be designed to meet the most forefront objectives of modern therapy and diagnosis. We have analyzed in detail three main groups of nanomaterial applications for BC treatment and diagnosis. We have identified several types of drugs successfully conjugated with nanomaterials. We have analyzed the main important imaging techniques and all nanomaterials used to help the non-invasive, early detection of the lesions. Moreover, we have examined theranostic nanomaterials as unique tools, combining imaging, detection, and therapy for BC. This state of the art review provides a useful guide depicting how nanotechnology can be used to overcome the current barriers in BC clinical practice, and how it will shape the future scenario of treatments, prevention, and diagnosis, revolutionizing the current approaches, e.g., reducing the suffering related to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Avitabile
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen M, Zhang L, Gao M, Zhang X. High-sensitive bioorthogonal SERS tag for live cancer cell imaging by self-assembling core-satellites structure gold-silver nanocomposite. Talanta 2017; 172:176-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
6
|
Multifunctionalization of Gold Nanoshells. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28150198 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6646-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Gold silica nanoshells have found many applications within the field of molecular biology, including as nanoscale sensors, the detection of biomarkers, and in the treatment of solid tumors using photothermal ablation. In order for them to be targeted to specific biomarkers while also remaining stable in biological media, it is often necessary to modify their surfaces with more than one functional group. Here, we describe how to create multifunctional gold nanoshells that can be used to either target specific tumor types in vivo or for the detection of biomarkers using biological specimen.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang L, Zhang R, Gao M, Zhang X. Facile synthesis of thiol and alkynyl contained SERS reporter molecular and its usage in assembly of polydopamine protected bioorthogonal SERS tag for live cell imaging. Talanta 2016; 158:315-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
8
|
Huleihel M, Shufan E, Zeiri L, Salman A. Detection of Vero Cells Infected with Herpes Simplex Types 1 and 2 and Varicella Zoster Viruses Using Raman Spectroscopy and Advanced Statistical Methods. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153599. [PMID: 27078266 PMCID: PMC4831712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the eight members of the herpes family of viruses, HSV1, HSV2, and varicella zoster are the most common and are mainly involved in cutaneous disorders. These viruses usually are not life-threatening, but in some cases they might cause serious infections to the eyes and the brain that can lead to blindness and possibly death. An effective drug (acyclovir and its derivatives) is available against these viruses. Therefore, early detection and identification of these viral infections is highly important for an effective treatment. Raman spectroscopy, which has been widely used in the past years in medicine and biology, was used as a powerful spectroscopic tool for the detection and identification of these viral infections in cell culture, due to its sensitivity, rapidity and reliability. Our results showed that it was possible to differentiate, with a 97% identification success rate, the uninfected Vero cells that served as a control, from the Vero cells that were infected with HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV. For that, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was performed on the Raman spectra after principal component analysis (PCA) with a leave one out (LOO) approach. Raman spectroscopy in tandem with PCA and LDA enable to differentiate among the different herpes viral infections of Vero cells in time span of few minutes with high accuracy rate. Understanding cell molecular changes due to herpes viral infections using Raman spectroscopy may help in early detection and effective treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Huleihel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- * E-mail: (AS); (MH)
| | - Elad Shufan
- Department of Physics, SCE- Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Leila Zeiri
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ahmad Salman
- Department of Physics, SCE- Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- * E-mail: (AS); (MH)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xia Gao
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dingbin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jin X, Li H, Wang S, Kong N, Xu H, Fu Q, Gu H, Ye J. Multifunctional superparamagnetic nanoshells: combining two-photon luminescence imaging, surface-enhanced Raman scattering and magnetic separation. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:14360-14370. [PMID: 25329447 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04111a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing need for multi-purpose analysis in the biomedical field, traditional single diagnosis methods cannot meet the requirements. Therefore new multifunctional technologies and materials for the integration of sample collection, sensing and imaging are in great demand. Core-shell nanoparticles offer a unique platform to combine multifunctions in a single particle. In this work, we have constructed a novel type of core-shell superparamagnetic nanoshell (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@Au), composed of a Fe₃O₄ cluster core, a thin Au shell and a SiO₂ layer in between. The obtained multifunctional nanoparticles combine the magnetic properties and plasmonic optical properties effectively, which were well investigated by a number of experimental characterization methods and theoretical simulations. We have demonstrated that Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@Au nanoparticles can be utilized for two-photon luminescence (TPL) imaging, near-infrared surface-enhanced Raman scattering (NIR SERS) and cell collection by magnetic separation. The TPL intensity could be further greatly enhanced through the plasmon coupling effect in the self-assembled nanoparticle chains, which were triggered by an external magnetic field. In addition, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@Au nanoparticles may have great potential applications such as enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photo-thermotherapy. Successful combination of multifunctions including magnetic response, biosensing and bioimaging in single nanoparticles allows further manipulation, real-time tracking, and intracellular molecule analysis of live cells at a single-cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulong Jin
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Medical Device and Technology at Med-X, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang H, Jiang X, Lee ST, He Y. Silicon nanohybrid-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4455-4468. [PMID: 25243935 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterial-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors are highly promising analytical tools, capable of ultrasensitive, multiplex, and nondestructive detection of chemical and biological species. Extensive efforts have been made to design various silicon nanohybrid-based SERS substrates such as gold/silver nanoparticle (NP)-decorated silicon nanowires, Au/Ag NP-decorated silicon wafers (AuNP@Si), and so forth. In comparison to free AuNP- and AgNP-based SERS sensors, the silicon nanohybrid-based SERS sensors feature higher enhancement factors (EFs) and excellent reproducibility, since SERS hot spots are efficiently coupled and stabilized through interconnection to the semiconducting silicon substrates. Consequently, in the past decade, giant advancements in the development of silicon nanohybrid-based SERS sensors have been witnessed for myriad sensing applications. In this review, the representative achievements related to the design of high-performance silicon nanohybrid-based SERS sensors and their use for chemical and biological analysis are reviewed in a detailed way. Furthermore, the major opportunities and challenges in this field are discussed from a broad perspective and possible future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houyu Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of, Carbon-based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Salman A, Shufan E, Zeiri L, Huleihel M. Characterization and detection of Vero cells infected with Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 using Raman spectroscopy and advanced statistical methods. Methods 2014; 68:364-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
|
13
|
Salman A, Shufan E, Zeiri L, Huleihel M. Detection and identification of cancerous murine fibroblasts, transformed by murine sarcoma virus in culture, using Raman spectroscopy and advanced statistical methods. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:2720-7. [PMID: 23671933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the leading worldwide causes of death. It may be induced by a variety of factors, including carcinogens, radiation, genetic factors, or DNA and RNA viruses. The early detection of cancer is critical for its successful therapy, which can result in complete recovery from some types of cancer. METHODS Raman spectroscopy has been widely used in medicine and biology. It is a noninvasive, nondestructive, and water-insensitive technique that can detect changes in cells and tissues that are caused by different disorders, such as cancer. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was used for the identification and characterization of murine fibroblast cell lines (NIH/3T3) and malignant fibroblast cells transformed by murine sarcoma virus (NIH-MuSV) cells. RESULTS Using principal component analysis and LDA it was possible to differentiate between the NIH/3T3 and NIH-MuSV cells with an 80-85% success rate based on their Raman shift spectra. CONCLUSIONS The best results for differentiation were achieved from spectra that were obtained from the rich membrane sites. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Because of its homogeneity and complete control of most factors affecting its growth, cell culture is a preferred model for the detection and identification of specific biomarkers related to cancer transformation or other cellular modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Salman
- Department of Physics, SCE - ShamoonCollege of Engineering, Beer-Sheva 84100, Israel.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Stecher B, Berry D, Loy A. Colonization resistance and microbial ecophysiology: using gnotobiotic mouse models and single-cell technology to explore the intestinal jungle. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2013; 37:793-829. [PMID: 23662775 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly diverse intestinal microbiota forms a structured community engaged in constant communication with itself and its host and is characterized by extensive ecological interactions. A key benefit that the microbiota affords its host is its ability to protect against infections in a process termed colonization resistance (CR), which remains insufficiently understood. In this review, we connect basic concepts of CR with new insights from recent years and highlight key technological advances in the field of microbial ecology. We present a selection of statistical and bioinformatics tools used to generate hypotheses about synergistic and antagonistic interactions in microbial ecosystems from metagenomic datasets. We emphasize the importance of experimentally testing these hypotheses and discuss the value of gnotobiotic mouse models for investigating specific aspects related to microbiota-host-pathogen interactions in a well-defined experimental system. We further introduce new developments in the area of single-cell analysis using fluorescence in situ hybridization in combination with metabolic stable isotope labeling technologies for studying the in vivo activities of complex community members. These approaches promise to yield novel insights into the mechanisms of CR and intestinal ecophysiology in general, and give researchers the means to experimentally test hypotheses in vivo at varying levels of biological and ecological complexity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel Stecher
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Brito-Silva AM, Sobral-Filho RG, Barbosa-Silva R, de Araújo CB, Galembeck A, Brolo AG. Improved synthesis of gold and silver nanoshells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:4366-72. [PMID: 23472978 DOI: 10.1021/la3050626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoshells have been in evidence as multifunctional particles for optical and biomedical applications. Their surface plasmon resonance can be tuned over the electromagnetic spectrum by simply adjusting the shell thickness. Obtaining these particles, however, is a complex and time-consuming process, which involves the preparation and functionalization of silica nanoparticles, synthesis of very small metallic nanoparticles seeds, attachment of these seeds to the silica core, and, finally, growing of the shells in a solution commonly referred as K-gold. Here we present synthetic modifications that allow metallic nanoshells to be obtained in a faster and highly reproducible manner. The main improved steps include a procedure for quick preparation of 2.3 ± 0.5 nm gold particles and a faster approach to synthesize the silica cores. An investigation on the effect of the stirring speed on the shell growth showed that the optimal stirring speeds for gold and silver shells were 190 and 1500 rpm, respectively. In order to demonstrate the performance of the nanoshells fabricated by our method in a typical plasmonic application, a method to immobilize these particles on a glass slide was implemented. The immobilized nanoshells were used as substrates for the surface-enhanced Raman scattering from Nile Blue A.
Collapse
|
16
|
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone
Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan
250100, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone
Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hu J, Lu L, He W, Pan J, Wang W, Xiang J. Ligand exchange based water-soluble, surface-enhanced Raman scattering-tagged gold nanorod probes with improved stability. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
18
|
Swarup VP, Huang Y, Murillo G, Saleiro D, Mehta RG, Bishnoi SW. Modeling the cellular impact of nanoshell-based biosensors using mouse alveolar macrophage cultures. Metallomics 2011; 3:1218-26. [PMID: 21858295 DOI: 10.1039/c1mt00089f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the relative toxicity of native gold-silica nanoshells (NS) has been compared to nanoshells modified with poly(ethylene glycol)-thiol (PEG-SH) and a Raman-active PEG, p-mercaptoaniline-poly(ethylene glycol) (pMA-PEG), in mouse alveolar macrophage cell cultures (RAW 264.7). The results from toxicity profiling using an MTT assay demonstrate that cell viability post-particle exposure is a function of three factors: nanoshell concentration, surface functionalization, and incubation time. By minimizing particle concentrations and incubation times, cell cultures are able to recover within 24 h of nanoshell removal, indicative of nanoshells having more of a cytostatic versus cytotoxic effect on macrophage cells. The mechanism of the cytostatic effect has been investigated by imaging the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using a fluorescence assay kit (Image-iT™ LIVE) after the introduction of NS to the cell cultures. Elevated ROS signals are seen in the cells containing higher concentration of NS, and indicate that the major reason of toxicity may due to the oxidative stress caused by excess NS particles. Raman imaging experiments with pMA-PEG coated nanoshells showed that cells exposed for even short exposure times (∼2 h) retained those particles up to 24 h after exposure, while migration experiments suggest that surviving cells retain their nanoshells and may reallocate them to progeny cells upon cell division.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vimal P Swarup
- Biological, Chemical, and Physical Sciences Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Besic Gyenge E, Darphin X, Wirth A, Pieles U, Walt H, Bredell M, Maake C. Uptake and fate of surface modified silica nanoparticles in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2011; 9:32. [PMID: 21834958 PMCID: PMC3164619 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-9-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is currently the eighth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The often severe side effects, functional impairments and unfavorable cosmetic outcome of conventional therapies for HNSCC have prompted the quest for novel treatment strategies, including the evaluation of nanotechnology to improve e.g. drug delivery and cancer imaging. Although silica nanoparticles hold great promise for biomedical applications, they have not yet been investigated in the context of HNSCC. In the present in-vitro study we thus analyzed the cytotoxicity, uptake and intracellular fate of 200-300 nm core-shell silica nanoparticles encapsulating fluorescent dye tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) dichloride with hydroxyl-, aminopropyl- or PEGylated surface modifications (Ru@SiO2-OH, Ru@SiO2-NH2, Ru@SiO2-PEG) in the human HNSCC cell line UMB-SCC 745. Results We found that at concentrations of 0.125 mg/ml, none of the nanoparticles used had a statistically significant effect on proliferation rates of UMB-SCC 745. Confocal and transmission electron microscopy showed an intracellular appearance of Ru@SiO2-OH and Ru@SiO2-NH2 within 30 min. They were internalized both as single nanoparticles (presumably via clathrin-coated pits) or in clusters and always localized to cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicles. Immunocytochemical co-localization studies indicated that only a fraction of these nanoparticles were transferred to early endosomes, while the majority accumulated in large organelles. Ru@SiO2-OH and Ru@SiO2-NH2 nanoparticles had never been observed to traffic to the lysosomal compartment and were rather propagated at cell division. Intracellular persistence of Ru@SiO2-OH and Ru@SiO2-NH2 was thus traceable over 5 cell passages, but did not result in apparent changes in cell morphology and vitality. In contrast to Ru@SiO2-OH and Ru@SiO2-NH2 uptake of Ru@SiO2-PEG was minimal even after 24 h. Conclusions Our study is the first to provide evidence that silica-based nanoparticles may serve as useful tools for the development of novel treatment options in HNSCC. Their long intracellular persistence could be of advantage for e.g. chronic therapeutic modalities. However, their complex endocytotic pathways require further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emina Besic Gyenge
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, and Clinic for Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Zürich, Winterthurerstr, 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jones MR, Osberg KD, Macfarlane RJ, Langille MR, Mirkin CA. Templated Techniques for the Synthesis and Assembly of Plasmonic Nanostructures. Chem Rev 2011; 111:3736-827. [DOI: 10.1021/cr1004452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 996] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Jones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Kyle D. Osberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Robert J. Macfarlane
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Mark R. Langille
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bishnoi SW, Lin YJ, Tibudan M, Huang Y, Nakaema M, Swarup V, Keiderling TA. SERS biodetection using gold-silica nanoshells and nitrocellulose membranes. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4053-60. [PMID: 21504225 DOI: 10.1021/ac103195e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a rapid, reproducible, easy to execute, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method for detection of low volumes and total amounts of biological antigens using an analyte capture system derived from methods commonly used in Western blotting. Our method is a "half-sandwich" assay with an antigen detection scheme that employs a nitrocellulose (NC) membrane with 200 nm pore size to capture subnanograms of analyte and concentrate them in a small area from applied volumes as low as one microliter. The SERS probes used for detection consist of gold-silica nanoshells modified with a two-component mixed monolayer system. One component consists of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-modified Raman-active chromophore bound to the gold surface which allows for SERS detection and imparts particle stability. The second component uses (ortho-pyridyl) disulfide-PEG-succinimidyl ester to couple the recognition antibody to the particle surface. By controlling the reaction time and concentration of thiols, a mixed monolayer is prepared on the nanoshell surface with the ability to recognize low concentrations of analyte and generate reproducible SERS signals. Using this strategy, we have achieved SERS signals that are proportional to antigen present on the membrane allowing detection of total antigen amounts as low as 1.25 ng for some cases. The performance of this new SERS bioassay has been tested with a variety of potential antigens, demonstrating the potential for multiplexed detection of analytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Whaley Bishnoi
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Khanadeev VA, Khlebtsov BN, Staroverov SA, Vidyasheva IV, Skaptsov AA, Ileneva ES, Bogatyrev VA, Dykman LA, Khlebtsov NG. Quantitative cell bioimaging using gold-nanoshell conjugates and phage antibodies. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2011; 4:74-83. [PMID: 20196025 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.200900093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe a quantitative evaluation of the efficacy of cell labeling with plasmon-resonant light-scattering nanoparticles used as contrast agents for dark-field microscopy imaging. The experimental model is based on the biospecific labeling of pig embryo kidney (SPEV) cells with primary phage antibodies, followed by the dark-field microscopic visualization using conjugates of silica/gold nanoshells with secondary rabbit antiphage antibodies. To quantify nanoparticle binding, the authors introduce the labeling-efficacy factor (LEF) which is equal to the ratio of the bound-particle pixels per cell to the total number of pixels occupied by the cell. The LEF is calculated by an imaging-analysis algorithm based on the freely available ImageJ Java-based processing code. In terms of the LEF, a distinct difference was found between intact, nonspecifically labeled, and biospecifically labeled cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly A Khanadeev
- Department of Biophysics, Saratov State University, 83 Ulitsa Astrakhanskaya, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bardhan R, Grady NK, Ali T, Halas NJ. Metallic nanoshells with semiconductor cores: optical characteristics modified by core medium properties. ACS NANO 2010; 4:6169-79. [PMID: 20860401 DOI: 10.1021/nn102035q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that the geometry of a nanoshell controls the resonance frequencies of its plasmon modes; however, the properties of the core material also strongly influence its optical properties. Here we report the synthesis of Au nanoshells with semiconductor cores of cuprous oxide and examine their optical characteristics. This material system allows us to systematically examine the role of core material on nanoshell optical properties, comparing Cu(2)O core nanoshells (ε(c) ∼ 7) to lower core dielectric constant SiO(2) core nanoshells (ε(c) = 2) and higher dielectric constant mixed valency iron oxide nanoshells (ε(c) = 12). Increasing the core dielectric constant increases nanoparticle absorption efficiency, reduces plasmon line width, and modifies plasmon energies. Modifying the core medium provides an additional means of tailoring both the near- and far-field optical properties in this unique nanoparticle system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rizia Bardhan
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Affiliation(s)
- George R. Newkome
- Departments of Polymer Science and Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-4717, and Department of Chemistry, Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio 44234
| | - Carol Shreiner
- Departments of Polymer Science and Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-4717, and Department of Chemistry, Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio 44234
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Park JH, Ganbold EO, Uuriintuya D, Lee K, Joo SW. Hydrogen bonding-induced color recovery of gold nanoparticles upon conjugation of amino acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:7354-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b918687e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|