1
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Chang WJ, Zeng H, Terry Weatherly CK, Provazza J, Liu P, Weiss EA, Stern NP, Tempelaar R. Dark State Concentration Dependent Emission and Dynamics of CdSe Nanoplatelet Exciton-Polaritons. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39042269 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The recent surge of interest in polaritons has prompted fundamental questions about the role of dark states in strong light-matter coupling phenomena. Here, we systematically vary the relative number of dark states by controlling the number of stacked CdSe nanoplatelets confined in a Fabry-Pérot cavity. We find the emission spectrum to change significantly with an increasing number of nanoplatelets, with a gradual shift of the dominant emission intensity from the lower polariton branch to a manifold of dark states. Through accompanying calculations based on a kinetic model, this shift is rationalized by an entropic trapping of excitations by the dark state manifold, while a weak dark state dispersion due to local disorder explains their nonzero emission. Our results point toward the relevance of the dark state concentration to the optical and dynamical properties of cavity-embedded quantum emitters with ramifications for Bose-Einstein condensate formation, polariton lasing, polariton-based quantum transduction schemes, and polariton chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Je Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Hongfei Zeng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | | | - Justin Provazza
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Pufan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Nathaniel P Stern
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Roel Tempelaar
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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2
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Xiang B, Xiong W. Molecular Polaritons for Chemistry, Photonics and Quantum Technologies. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2512-2552. [PMID: 38416701 PMCID: PMC10941193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Molecular polaritons are quasiparticles resulting from the hybridization between molecular and photonic modes. These composite entities, bearing characteristics inherited from both constituents, exhibit modified energy levels and wave functions, thereby capturing the attention of chemists in the past decade. The potential to modify chemical reactions has spurred many investigations, alongside efforts to enhance and manipulate optical responses for photonic and quantum applications. This Review centers on the experimental advances in this burgeoning field. Commencing with an introduction of the fundamentals, including theoretical foundations and various cavity architectures, we discuss outcomes of polariton-modified chemical reactions. Furthermore, we navigate through the ongoing debates and uncertainties surrounding the underpinning mechanism of this innovative method of controlling chemistry. Emphasis is placed on gaining a comprehensive understanding of the energy dynamics of molecular polaritons, in particular, vibrational molecular polaritons─a pivotal facet in steering chemical reactions. Additionally, we discuss the unique capability of coherent two-dimensional spectroscopy to dissect polariton and dark mode dynamics, offering insights into the critical components within the cavity that alter chemical reactions. We further expand to the potential utility of molecular polaritons in quantum applications as well as precise manipulation of molecular and photonic polarizations, notably in the context of chiral phenomena. This discussion aspires to ignite deeper curiosity and engagement in revealing the physics underpinning polariton-modified molecular properties, and a broad fascination with harnessing photonic environments to control chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiang
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries
of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, California 92126, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California, San Diego, California 92126, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San
Diego, California 92126, United States
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3
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Parolin G, Peruffo N, Mancin F, Collini E, Corni S. Molecularly Detailed View of Strong Coupling in Supramolecular Plexcitonic Nanohybrids. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2273-2281. [PMID: 38261782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Plexcitons constitute a peculiar example of light-matter hybrids (polaritons) originating from the (strong) coupling of plasmonic modes and molecular excitations. Here we propose a fully quantum approach to model plexcitonic systems and test it against existing experiments on peculiar hybrids formed by Au nanoparticles and a well-known porphyrin derivative, involving the Q branch of the organic dye absorption spectrum. Our model extends simpler descriptions of polaritonic systems to account for the multilevel structure of the dyes, spatially varying interactions with a given plasmon mode, and the simultaneous occurrence of plasmon-molecule and intermolecular interactions. By keeping a molecularly detailed view, we were able to gain insights into the local structure and individual contributions to the resulting plexcitons. Our model can be applied to rationalize and predict energy funneling toward specific molecular sites within a plexcitonic assembly, which is highly valuable for designing and controlling chemical transformations in the new polaritonic landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Parolin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Peruffo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Corni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- CNR Institute of Nanoscience, 41125 Modena, Italy
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4
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Bujalance C, Caliò L, Dirin DN, Tiede DO, Galisteo-López JF, Feist J, García-Vidal FJ, Kovalenko MV, Míguez H. Strong Light-Matter Coupling in Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dot Solids. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4922-4931. [PMID: 38301147 PMCID: PMC10867889 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Strong coupling between lead halide perovskite materials and optical resonators enables both polaritonic control of the photophysical properties of these emerging semiconductors and the observation of fundamental physical phenomena. However, the difficulty in achieving optical-quality perovskite quantum dot (PQD) films showing well-defined excitonic transitions has prevented the study of strong light-matter coupling in these materials, central to the field of optoelectronics. Herein we demonstrate the formation at room temperature of multiple cavity exciton-polaritons in metallic resonators embedding highly transparent Cesium Lead Bromide quantum dot (CsPbBr3-QD) solids, revealed by a significant reconfiguration of the absorption and emission properties of the system. Our results indicate that the effects of biexciton interaction or large polaron formation, frequently invoked to explain the properties of PQDs, are seemingly absent or compensated by other more conspicuous effects in the CsPbBr3-QD optical cavity. We observe that strong coupling enables a significant reduction of the photoemission line width, as well as the ultrafast modulation of the optical absorption, controllable by means of the excitation fluence. We find that the interplay of the polariton states with the large dark state reservoir plays a decisive role in determining the dynamics of the emission and transient absorption properties of the hybridized light-quantum dot solid system. Our results should serve as the basis for future investigations of PQD solids as polaritonic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bujalance
- Multifunctional
Optical Materials Group, Institute of Materials
Science of Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
− Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Laura Caliò
- Multifunctional
Optical Materials Group, Institute of Materials
Science of Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
− Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Dmitry N. Dirin
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- EMPA
− Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - David O. Tiede
- Multifunctional
Optical Materials Group, Institute of Materials
Science of Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
− Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Juan F. Galisteo-López
- Multifunctional
Optical Materials Group, Institute of Materials
Science of Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
− Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Johannes Feist
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Francisco J. García-Vidal
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- EMPA
− Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Hernán Míguez
- Multifunctional
Optical Materials Group, Institute of Materials
Science of Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
− Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
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5
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Castagnola M, Haugland TS, Ronca E, Koch H, Schäfer C. Collective Strong Coupling Modifies Aggregation and Solvation. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1428-1434. [PMID: 38290530 PMCID: PMC10860139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Intermolecular (Coulombic) interactions are pivotal for aggregation, solvation, and crystallization. We demonstrate that the collective strong coupling of several molecules to a single optical mode results in notable changes in the molecular excitations around a single perturbed molecule, thus representing an impurity in an otherwise ordered system. A competition between short-range coulombic and long-range photonic correlations inverts the local transition density in a polaritonic state, suggesting notable changes in the polarizability of the solvation shell. Our results provide an alternative perspective on recent work in polaritonic chemistry and pave the way for the rigorous treatment of cooperative effects in aggregation, solvation, and crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Castagnola
- Department
of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tor S. Haugland
- Department
of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Enrico Ronca
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Universitá
degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Henrik Koch
- Department
of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Scuola
Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Christian Schäfer
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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6
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Michail E, Rashidi K, Liu B, He G, Menon VM, Sfeir MY. Addressing the Dark State Problem in Strongly Coupled Organic Exciton-Polariton Systems. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:557-565. [PMID: 38179964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The manipulation of molecular excited state processes through strong coupling has attracted significant interest for its potential to provide precise control of photochemical phenomena. However, the key limiting factor for achieving this control has been the "dark-state problem", in which photoexcitation populates long-lived reservoir states with energies and dynamics similar to those of bare excitons. Here, we use a sensitive ultrafast transient reflection method with momentum and spectral resolution to achieve the selective excitation of organic exciton-polaritons in open photonic cavities. We show that the energy dispersions of these systems allow us to avoid the parasitic effect of the reservoir states. Under phase-matching conditions, we observe the direct population and decay of polaritons on time scales of less than 100 fs and find that momentum scattering processes occur on even faster time scales. We establish that it is possible to overcome the "dark state problem" through the careful design of strongly coupled systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evripidis Michail
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Kamyar Rashidi
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Bin Liu
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Guiying He
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Vinod M Menon
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
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7
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Bhuyan R, Mony J, Kotov O, Castellanos GW, Gómez Rivas J, Shegai TO, Börjesson K. The Rise and Current Status of Polaritonic Photochemistry and Photophysics. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10877-10919. [PMID: 37683254 PMCID: PMC10540218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between molecular electronic transitions and electromagnetic fields can be enlarged to the point where distinct hybrid light-matter states, polaritons, emerge. The photonic contribution to these states results in increased complexity as well as an opening to modify the photophysics and photochemistry beyond what normally can be seen in organic molecules. It is today evident that polaritons offer opportunities for molecular photochemistry and photophysics, which has caused an ever-rising interest in the field. Focusing on the experimental landmarks, this review takes its reader from the advent of the field of polaritonic chemistry, over the split into polariton chemistry and photochemistry, to present day status within polaritonic photochemistry and photophysics. To introduce the field, the review starts with a general description of light-matter interactions, how to enhance these, and what characterizes the coupling strength. Then the photochemistry and photophysics of strongly coupled systems using Fabry-Perot and plasmonic cavities are described. This is followed by a description of room-temperature Bose-Einstein condensation/polariton lasing in polaritonic systems. The review ends with a discussion on the benefits, limitations, and future developments of strong exciton-photon coupling using organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhuyan
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Mony
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Oleg Kotov
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gabriel W. Castellanos
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir
Institute and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jaime Gómez Rivas
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir
Institute and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timur O. Shegai
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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8
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Kuttruff J, Romanelli M, Pedrueza-Villalmanzo E, Allerbeck J, Fregoni J, Saavedra-Becerril V, Andréasson J, Brida D, Dmitriev A, Corni S, Maccaferri N. Sub-picosecond collapse of molecular polaritons to pure molecular transition in plasmonic photoswitch-nanoantennas. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3875. [PMID: 37414750 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular polaritons are hybrid light-matter states that emerge when a molecular transition strongly interacts with photons in a resonator. At optical frequencies, this interaction unlocks a way to explore and control new chemical phenomena at the nanoscale. Achieving such control at ultrafast timescales, however, is an outstanding challenge, as it requires a deep understanding of the dynamics of the collectively coupled molecular excitation and the light modes. Here, we investigate the dynamics of collective polariton states, realized by coupling molecular photoswitches to optically anisotropic plasmonic nanoantennas. Pump-probe experiments reveal an ultrafast collapse of polaritons to pure molecular transition triggered by femtosecond-pulse excitation at room temperature. Through a synergistic combination of experiments and quantum mechanical modelling, we show that the response of the system is governed by intramolecular dynamics, occurring one order of magnitude faster with respect to the uncoupled excited molecule relaxation to the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Kuttruff
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marco Romanelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Esteban Pedrueza-Villalmanzo
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Allerbeck
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Fregoni
- Department of Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valeria Saavedra-Becerril
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Andréasson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Daniele Brida
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 162a avenue de la Faïencerie, L-1511, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Alexandre Dmitriev
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Stefano Corni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
- CNR Institute of Nanoscience, via Campi 213/A, 41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - Nicolò Maccaferri
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 162a avenue de la Faïencerie, L-1511, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 24, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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9
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Peruffo N, Mancin F, Collini E. Ultrafast Dynamics of Multiple Plexcitons in Colloidal Nanomaterials: The Mediating Action of Plasmon Resonances and Dark States. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6412-6419. [PMID: 35815626 PMCID: PMC9310092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plexcitons, that is, mixed plasmon-exciton states, are currently gaining broad interest to control the flux of energy at the nanoscale. Several promising properties of plexcitonic materials have already been revealed, but the debate about their ultrafast dynamic properties is still vibrant. Here, pump-probe spectroscopy is used to characterize the ultrafast dynamics of colloidal nanohybrids prepared by coupling gold nanoparticles and porphyrin dyes, where one or two sets of plexcitonic resonances can be selectively activated. We found that these dynamics are strongly affected by the presence of a reservoir of states including plasmon resonances and dark states. The time constants regulating the plexciton relaxations are significantly longer than the typical values found in the literature and can be modulated over more than 1 order of magnitude, opening possible interesting perspectives to modify rates of chemically relevant molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Peruffo
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua
Quantum Technologies Research Center, 35122 Padova, Italy
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10
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Tang Y, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Wei K, Cheng X, Shi L, Jiang T. Interacting plexcitons for designed ultrafast optical nonlinearity in a monolayer semiconductor. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:94. [PMID: 35422032 PMCID: PMC9010435 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Searching for ideal materials with strong effective optical nonlinear responses is a long-term task enabling remarkable breakthroughs in contemporary quantum and nonlinear optics. Polaritons, hybridized light-matter quasiparticles, are an appealing candidate to realize such nonlinearities. Here, we explore a class of peculiar polaritons, named plasmon-exciton polaritons (plexcitons), in a hybrid system composed of silver nanodisk arrays and monolayer tungsten-disulfide (WS2), which shows giant room-temperature nonlinearity due to their deep-subwavelength localized nature. Specifically, comprehensive ultrafast pump-probe measurements reveal that plexciton nonlinearity is dominated by the saturation and higher-order excitation-induced dephasing interactions, rather than the well-known exchange interaction in traditional microcavity polaritons. Furthermore, we demonstrate this giant nonlinearity can be exploited to manipulate the ultrafast nonlinear absorption properties of the solid-state system. Our findings suggest that plexcitons are intrinsically strongly interacting, thereby pioneering new horizons for practical implementations such as energy-efficient ultrafast all-optical switching and information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Tang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China
| | - Yanbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Qirui Liu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Wei
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China
- Beijing Institute for Advanced Study, National University of Defense Technology, 100000, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang'ai Cheng
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tian Jiang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, 410073, Changsha, China.
- Beijing Institute for Advanced Study, National University of Defense Technology, 100000, Beijing, China.
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11
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Park JE, López-Arteaga R, Sample AD, Cherqui CR, Spanopoulos I, Guan J, Kanatzidis MG, Schatz GC, Weiss EA, Odom TW. Polariton Dynamics in Two-Dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskites Strongly Coupled with Plasmonic Lattices. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3917-3925. [PMID: 35235746 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling between light and matter can produce hybrid eigenstates known as exciton-polaritons. Although polariton dynamics are important photophysical properties, the relaxation pathways of polaritons in different coupling regimes have seen limited attention. This paper reports the dynamics of hybridized states from 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites coupled to plasmonic nanoparticle lattices. The open cavity architecture of Al lattices enables the coupling strength to be modulated by varying either the lead halide perovskite film thickness or the superstrate refractive index. Both experiments and finite-difference time-domain simulations of the optical dispersion diagrams showed avoided crossings that are a signature of strong coupling. Our analytical model also elucidated the correlation between the exciton/plasmon mixing ratio and polariton coupling strength. Using fs-transient absorption spectroscopy, we found that both the upper and lower polaritons have shorter lifetimes than the excitons and that polaritons can show faster excited-state dynamics when they have access to additional energy transfer channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Eun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rafael López-Arteaga
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Alexander D Sample
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Charles R Cherqui
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ioannis Spanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jun Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Teri W Odom
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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12
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Dunkelberger AD, Simpkins BS, Vurgaftman I, Owrutsky JC. Vibration-Cavity Polariton Chemistry and Dynamics. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2022; 73:429-451. [PMID: 35081324 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-082620-014627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Molecular polaritons result from light-matter coupling between optical resonances and molecular electronic or vibrational transitions. When the coupling is strong enough, new hybridized states with mixed photon-material character are observed spectroscopically, with resonances shifted above and below the uncoupled frequency. These new modes have unique optical properties and can be exploited to promote or inhibit physical and chemical processes. One remarkable result is that vibrational strong coupling to cavities can alter reaction rates and product branching ratios with no optical excitation whatsoever. In this work we review the ability of vibration-cavity polaritons to modify chemical and physical processes including chemical reactivity, as well as steady-state and transient spectroscopy. We discuss the larger context of these works and highlight their most important contributions and implications. Our goal is to provide insight for systematically manipulating molecular polaritons in photonic and chemical applications. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 73 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blake S Simpkins
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA;
| | - Igor Vurgaftman
- Optical Sciences Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
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13
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Lv F, Wang Z, Huang Y, Chen J, La J, Wu D, Guo Z, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang W. Strong coupling between monolayer quantum emitter WS 2 and degenerate/non-degenerate surface lattice resonances. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:190-193. [PMID: 34951914 DOI: 10.1364/ol.444100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strong light-matter coupling manifested by Rabi splitting has drawn considerable interest owing to its fundamental significance for impressive interaction enhancement in the fields of ultrafast active plasmonic devices and quantum information. In this paper, we investigate the coherent optical properties of a plasmonic system consisting of periodic metal nanoparticle arrays covered by a WS2 thin film of atomic layer thickness. The coupling factor, energy splitting, and temporal dynamics of this coherent coupling phenomenon are quantitatively revealed by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation and a full quantum mechanical model proves that the exciton behavior of the fermionic quantum emitter WS2 is carefully modulated by bosonic surface lattice resonances. This work may pave the way for coherent modulation of polariton and plasmon devices and can potentially open up diverse exciting possibilities like nanoscale light sources, single-photon emitters, and all-optical transistors.
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14
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Fassioli F, Park KH, Bard SE, Scholes GD. Femtosecond Photophysics of Molecular Polaritons. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11444-11459. [PMID: 34792371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Molecular polaritons are hybrid states of photonic and molecular character that form when molecules strongly interact with light. Strong coupling tunes energy levels and, importantly, can modify molecular properties (e.g., photoreaction rates), opening an avenue for novel polariton chemistry. In this Perspective, we focus on the collective aspects of strongly coupled molecular systems and how this pertains to the dynamical response of such systems, which, though of key importance for attaining modified function under polariton formation, is still not well-understood. We discuss how the ultrafast time and spectral resolution make pump-probe spectroscopy an ideal tool to reveal the energy-transfer pathways from polariton states to other molecular states of functional interest. Finally, we illustrate how analyzing the free (rather than electronic) energy structure in molecular polariton systems may provide new clues into how energy flows and thus how strong coupling may be exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fassioli
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- SISSA - Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - Kyu Hyung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Sarah E Bard
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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15
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Ron R, Zielinski MS, Salomon A. Cathodoluminescence Nanoscopy of 3D Plasmonic Networks. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8205-8211. [PMID: 33054237 PMCID: PMC7662921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous metallic networks are endowed with the distinctive optical properties of strong field enhancement and spatial localization, raising the necessity to map the optical eigenmodes with high spatial resolution. In this work, we used cathodoluminescence (CL) to map the local electric fields of a three-dimensional (3D) silver network made of nanosized ligaments and holes over a broad spectral range. A multitude of neighboring hotspots at different frequencies and intensities are observed at subwavelength distances over the network. In contrast to well-defined plasmonic structures, the hotspots do not necessarily correlate with the network morphology, emphasizing the complexity and energy dissipation through the network. In addition, we show that the inherent connectivity of the networked structure plays a key optical role because a ligament with a single connected linker shows localized modes whereas an octopus-like ligament with multiple connections permits energy propagation through the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheli Ron
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | | | - Adi Salomon
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
- Saints-Pères
Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Universite
de Paris, CNRS, 75270 Paris, France
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16
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Lawless J, Hrelescu C, Elliott C, Peters L, McEvoy N, Bradley AL. Influence of Gold Nano-Bipyramid Dimensions on Strong Coupling with Excitons of Monolayer MoS 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:46406-46415. [PMID: 32960560 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rabi splitting between the longitudinal plasmon of a gold nano-bipyramid and the A exciton of monolayer MoS2 is observed at room temperature. The dependence of the Rabi splitting on the physical dimensions of the nano-bipyramid is reported. The impact of bipyramid length, aspect ratio, and tip radius on the coupling strength is investigated. The mode volume of the nanoresonator is significantly reduced because of the sharp tips of the bipyramid, and the Rabi splitting increases with tip sharpness. The results also reveal that greater Rabi splitting is observed for larger bipyramids, contrasting with results previously reported for different nanoresonator shapes. This shows, for the first time, how the magnitude of the splitting has a different response for particular nanoresonators when tuning the size, without increasing the number of excitons coupled into the system. The Rabi splitting, at zero energy detuning between plasmon and A exciton, increases from ∼55 meV with a 70 nm-long bipyramid to ∼80 meV with a 100 nm-long bipyramid. The increase in coupling strength with size arises because of increasing confinement of the field enhancement at the bipyramid tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lawless
- School of Physics and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Calin Hrelescu
- School of Physics and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Carolyn Elliott
- School of Physics and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, Cork T12 R5CP, Ireland
| | - Lisanne Peters
- School of Chemistry and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Niall McEvoy
- School of Chemistry and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - A Louise Bradley
- School of Physics and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- IPIC, Tyndall National Institute, Cork T12 R5CP, Ireland
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17
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Takahashi S, Watanabe K, Matsumoto Y. Singlet fission of amorphous rubrene modulated by polariton formation. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:074703. [PMID: 31438713 DOI: 10.1063/1.5108698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The excited-state dynamics of molecular aggregates are governed by their potential energy landscape that can hardly be controlled artificially. However, it is possible to alter the excited state dynamics by a strong coupling between light and molecules (polariton formation) because it can decouple the electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom. Here, we demonstrate this polaron decoupling effect on the photochemical dynamics in singlet fission (SF) of amorphous rubrene thin films embedded in optical microcavities. The vibronic feature of polariton states in this system is characterized through the analysis of steady state absorption spectra by using the Holstein-Tavis-Cummings model. On the basis of this analysis, we show with time-resolved spectroscopy that the SF rate following a resonant excitation of the lowest energy polariton state is indeed modulated when the cavity photon energy is changed. A numerical simulation by using Fermi's golden rule formula with the vibronic polariton feature successfully accounts for the observed modulation of the SF rate, indicating that the polaron decoupling plays a decisive role in the nonadiabatic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuya Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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18
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Pelton M, Storm SD, Leng H. Strong coupling of emitters to single plasmonic nanoparticles: exciton-induced transparency and Rabi splitting. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:14540-14552. [PMID: 31364684 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05044b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling between plasmons in metal nanoparticles and single excitons in molecules or semiconductor nanomaterials has recently attracted considerable experimental effort for potential applications in quantum-mechanical and classical optical information processing and for fundamental studies of light-matter interaction. Here, we review the theory behind strong plasmon-exciton coupling and provide analytical expressions that can be used for fitting experimental data, particularly the commonly measured scattering spectra. We re-analyze published data using these expressions, providing a uniform method for evaluating and quantifying claims of strong coupling that avoids ambiguities in distinguishing between Rabi splitting and exciton-induced transparency (or Fano-like interference between plasmons and excitons).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Pelton
- Department of Physics, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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19
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Woo BH, Son Y, Choi J, Chae S, Kim HJ, Jun YC. Femtosecond laser irradiation of molecular excitonic films for nanophotonic response control and large-area patterning. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:18044-18054. [PMID: 31252753 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.018044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular excitonic films such as J-aggregate thin films can show an optically metallic response in the visible region and can be considered as alternative materials for plasmonics. However, there was no direct, top-down method to modify the optical response over a large area. Here, we demonstrate the femtosecond (fs) laser processing of J-aggregate films on the centimeter scale. With proper laser conditions, optically metallic films (Re[ε] < 0) were modified to dielectric ones (Re[ε] > 0) with large changes in optical responses. We performed various optical spectrum measurements to investigate the effect of fs-laser irradiation. Our results demonstrate that the strong modification of the optical response can be induced over a large area by fs-laser processing and this can be useful for novel nanophotonic studies.
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20
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Jiang P, Song G, Wang Y, Li C, Wang L, Yu L. Tunable strong exciton-plasmon-exciton coupling in WS 2-J-aggregates-plasmonic nanocavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:16613-16623. [PMID: 31252885 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.016613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A coupling system is proposed to active control of strong exciton-plasmon-exciton coupling, which consists of a silver nanoprism separated from a monolayer WS2 by J-aggregates. The scattering spectrum of the hybrid system calculated by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is well reproduced by the coupled oscillator model theory. The calculation results show that strong couplings among WS2 excitons, J-aggregate excitons, and localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) are achieved in the hybrid nanostructure, and result in three plexciton branches. We further analyze the exciton-plasmon-exciton coupling behaviors and obtain the weighting efficiencies of the original modes in three plexciton branches. The strong couplings between two different excitons and LSPRs can be active manipulated by tuning the temperature or the concentration of J-aggregates. The proposed systems make up a simple platform for the dynamic control of exciton-plasmon-exciton couplings and have potential applications in optical modulators at the nanoscale.
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21
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Chevrier K, Benoit JM, Symonds C, Saikin SK, Yuen-Zhou J, Bellessa J. Anisotropy and Controllable Band Structure in Suprawavelength Polaritonic Metasurfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:173902. [PMID: 31107068 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.173902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we exploit the extended coherence length of mixed plasmon-exciton states to generate active metasurfaces. For this purpose, periodic stripes of organic dye are deposited on a continuous silver film. Typical metasurface effects, such as effective behavior and geometry sensitivity, are measured for periods exceeding the polaritonic wavelength by more than one order of magnitude. By adjusting the metasurface geometry, anisotropy, modified band structure, and unidimensional polaritons are computationally simulated and experimentally observed in reflectometry as well as in emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chevrier
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - J M Benoit
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - C Symonds
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - S K Saikin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - J Yuen-Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J Bellessa
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Lyon, France
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22
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Zheng P, Kasani S, Wu N. Converting Plasmonic Light Scattering to Confined Light Absorption and Creating Plexcitons by Coupling a Gold Nano-pyramid Array onto a Silica-Gold Film. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2019; 4:516-525. [PMID: 31463080 PMCID: PMC6713465 DOI: 10.1039/c8nh00286j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This report presents a facile microfabrication-compatible approach to fabricate a large area of plasmonic nano-pyramid array-based antennas and demonstrates effective light management by tailoring the architecture. First, a long-range ordered gold nano-pyramid array is fabricated, which exhibits strong light scattering. The maximum electric field enhancement (|E|/|E 0 |) of 271 is achieved at the corner but decays rapidly away from the pyramid bottom. After the gold nanopyramid array is coupled to a gold film, strong light scattering is converted into strong light absorption due to the excitation of a spectrally tunable plasmonic gap mode, where an intense electric field enhancement of 233 and a strong magnetic field enhancement (|H|/|H 0 |) of 25 are simultaneously excited for a 10 nm silica gap. The electric field decays much slower away from the pyramid bottom while the magnetic field keeps almost constant. In addition, both experiments and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation have confirmed that strong plasmon-exciton coupling between the plasmonic gap mode and the J-aggregates can take place when the quantum emitters such as J-aggregates are embedded in the gap, creating plexcitons. This can overcome the problems of high energy loss and weak nonlinearity, which are typically associated with surface plasmon polariton (SPP) supported on plasmonic metallic nanostructures. The coherent plasmon-exciton coupling (plexciton) generated by the film-coupled nano-pyramid nanostructure is expected to find promising applications in light-emitting devices, photodetectors, photovoltaics and photoelectrochemical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6106, USA
| | - Sujan Kasani
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Nianqiang Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6106, USA
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6045, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9530, USA
- To whom the correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1-304-293-3326,
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23
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Transient Optical Characteristics of Broad Absorption Band Excitons Modulated by Micro-cavity. Chem Res Chin Univ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-018-8133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Beane G, Brown BS, Johns P, Devkota T, Hartland GV. Strong Exciton-Plasmon Coupling in Silver Nanowire Nanocavities. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1676-1681. [PMID: 29547298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between plasmonic and excitonic systems and the formation of hybridized states is an area of intense interest due to the potential to create exotic light-matter states. We report herein coupling between the leaky surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes of single Ag nanowires and excitons of a cyanine dye (TDBC) in an open nanocavity. Silver nanowires were spin-cast onto glass coverslips, and the wavevector of the leaky SPP mode was measured by back focal plane (BFP) microscopy. Performing these measurements at different wavelengths allows the generation of dispersion curves, which show avoided crossings after deposition of a concentrated TDBC-PVA film. The Rabi splitting frequencies (Ω) determined from the dispersion curves vary between nanowires, with a maximum value of Ω = 390 ± 80 meV. The experiments also show an increase in attenuation of the SPP mode in the avoided crossing region. The ability to measure attenuation for the hybrid exciton-SPP states is a powerful aspect of these single nanowire experiments because this quantity is not readily available from ensemble experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Beane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Brendan S Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Paul Johns
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Tuphan Devkota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Gregory V Hartland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
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25
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Cuadra J, Baranov DG, Wersäll M, Verre R, Antosiewicz TJ, Shegai T. Observation of Tunable Charged Exciton Polaritons in Hybrid Monolayer WS 2-Plasmonic Nanoantenna System. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1777-1785. [PMID: 29369640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Formation of dressed light-matter states in optical structures, manifested as Rabi splitting of the eigen energies of a coupled system, is one of the key effects in quantum optics. In pursuing this regime with semiconductors, light is usually made to interact with excitons, electrically neutral quasiparticles of semiconductors; meanwhile interactions with charged three-particle states, trions, have received little attention. Here, we report on strong interaction between localized surface plasmons in silver nanoprisms and excitons and trions in monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2). We show that the plasmon-exciton interactions in this system can be efficiently tuned by controlling the charged versus neutral exciton contribution to the coupling process. In particular, we show that a stable trion state emerges and couples efficiently to the plasmon resonance at low temperature by forming three bright intermixed plasmon-exciton-trion polariton states. Our findings open up a possibility to exploit electrically charged polaritons at the single nanoparticle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cuadra
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Denis G Baranov
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Martin Wersäll
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Ruggero Verre
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Tomasz J Antosiewicz
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 , Göteborg , Sweden
- Centre of New Technologies , University of Warsaw , Banacha 2c , 02-097 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Timur Shegai
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 , Göteborg , Sweden
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26
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Dunkelberger AD, Davidson RB, Ahn W, Simpkins BS, Owrutsky JC. Ultrafast Transmission Modulation and Recovery via Vibrational Strong Coupling. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:965-971. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b10299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam D. Dunkelberger
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
, 4555 Overlook Avenue Southwest, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Roderick B. Davidson
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
, 4555 Overlook Avenue Southwest, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Wonmi Ahn
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
, 4555 Overlook Avenue Southwest, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Blake S. Simpkins
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
, 4555 Overlook Avenue Southwest, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Owrutsky
- Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
, 4555 Overlook Avenue Southwest, Washington, DC 20375, United States
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27
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Efremushkin L, Bhunia SK, Jelinek R, Salomon A. Carbon Dots-Plasmonics Coupling Enables Energy Transfer and Provides Unique Chemical Signatures. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:6080-6085. [PMID: 29185750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures and carbon dots (C-dots) are fascinating optical materials, utilized in imaging, sensing, and color generation. Interaction between plasmonic materials and C-dots may lead to new hybrid materials with controllable optical properties. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time coupling between plasmonic modes and C-dots deposited upon a plasmonic silver hole array. The coupling leads to a remarkable visual attenuation and shifts of the plasmonic wavelengths (i.e., color tuning). In particular, the C-dots-plasmon couplings and pertinent color transformations depend both upon the C-dots' fluorescence emission wavelengths and functional residues displayed upon the C-dots' surface. This optical modulation corresponds to energy level alignment and consequent energy transfer between the C-dots and the plasmonic silver hole array. Notably, the energy coupling observed in the C-dot-plasmonic hybrid system allows distinguishing between C-dots species exhibiting similar optical properties, albeit displaying different functional residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihi Efremushkin
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Susanta Kumar Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Raz Jelinek
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Adi Salomon
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
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28
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Eizner E, Akulov K, Schwartz T, Ellenbogen T. Temporal Dynamics of Localized Exciton-Polaritons in Composite Organic-Plasmonic Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:7675-7683. [PMID: 29078048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We use femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to study the temporal dynamics of strongly coupled exciton-plasmon polaritons in metasurfaces of aluminum nanoantennas coated with J-aggregate molecules. Compared with the thermal nonlinearities of aluminum nanoantennas, the exciton-plasmon hybridization introduces strong ultrafast nonlinearities in the composite metasurfaces. Within femtoseconds after the pump excitation, the plasmonic resonance is broadened and shifted, showcasing its high sensitivity to excited-state modification of the molecular surroundings. In addition, we observe temporal oscillations due to the deep subangstrom acoustic breathing modes of the nanoantennas in both bare and hybrid metasurfaces. Finally, unlike the dynamics of hybrid states in optical microcavities, here, ground-state bleaching is observed with a significantly longer relaxation time at the upper polariton band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Eizner
- Department of Physical Electronics, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, ‡School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, and §Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Katherine Akulov
- Department of Physical Electronics, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, ‡School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, and §Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tal Schwartz
- Department of Physical Electronics, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, ‡School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, and §Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tal Ellenbogen
- Department of Physical Electronics, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, ‡School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, and §Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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29
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Sukharev M, Nitzan A. Optics of exciton-plasmon nanomaterials. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:443003. [PMID: 28805193 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa85ef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a brief introduction to the physics of coupled exciton-plasmon systems, the theoretical description and experimental manifestation of such phenomena, followed by an account of the state-of-the-art methodology for the numerical simulations of such phenomena and supplemented by a number of FORTRAN codes, by which the interested reader can introduce himself/herself to the practice of such simulations. Applications to CW light scattering as well as transient response and relaxation are described. Particular attention is given to so-called strong coupling limit, where the hybrid exciton-plasmon nature of the system response is strongly expressed. While traditional descriptions of such phenomena usually rely on analysis of the electromagnetic response of inhomogeneous dielectric environments that individually support plasmon and exciton excitations, here we explore also the consequences of a more detailed description of the molecular environment in terms of its quantum density matrix (applied in a mean field approximation level). Such a description makes it possible to account for characteristics that cannot be described by the dielectric response model: the effects of dephasing on the molecular response on one hand, and nonlinear response on the other. It also highlights the still missing important ingredients in the numerical approach, in particular its limitation to a classical description of the radiation field and its reliance on a mean field description of the many-body molecular system. We end our review with an outlook to the near future, where these limitations will be addressed and new novel applications of the numerical approach will be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Sukharev
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States of America. Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Jiang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 852, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhuo
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 852, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 852, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Wu W, Wan M, Gu P, Chen Z, Wang Z. Strong coupling between few molecular excitons and Fano-like cavity plasmon in two-layered dielectric-metal core-shell resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:1495-1504. [PMID: 28158030 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.001495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the coupling between molecular excitons and dipolar Fano-like cavity plasmon resonance in two-layered core-shell resonators consisting of a dielectric core with high refractive index and a thin metal outer shell gapped by a low refractive index thin dielectric layer containing molecules. We demonstrate that associated with the excitation of the dipolar Fano-like cavity plasmon, the electric fields can be highly localized within the dielectric gap shell, leading to very small mode volumes. By using the three-oscillator temporal coupled model to describe the proposed plasmon-exciton system, we are able to demonstrate that the coupling between molecular excitons and cavity plasmon resonance can reach the strong coupling regime. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that reducing the thickness or the refractive index of the dielectric gap shell layer can result in further compression of the mode volumes, and consequently decrease the minimum number of the coupled excitons that are required to fulfill the criteria for strong coupling.
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Lin L, Wang M, Wei X, Peng X, Xie C, Zheng Y. Photoswitchable Rabi Splitting in Hybrid Plasmon-Waveguide Modes. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:7655-7663. [PMID: 27960522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rabi splitting that arises from strong plasmon-molecule coupling has attracted tremendous interests. However, it has remained elusive to integrate Rabi splitting into the hybrid plasmon-waveguide modes (HPWMs), which have advantages of both subwavelength light confinement of surface plasmons and long-range propagation of guided modes in dielectric waveguides. Herein, we explore a new type of HPWMs based on hybrid systems of Al nanodisk arrays covered by PMMA thin films that are doped with photochromic molecules and demonstrate the photoswitchable Rabi splitting with a maximum splitting energy of 572 meV in the HPWMs by controlling the photoisomerization of the molecules. Through our experimental measurements combined with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations, we reveal that the photoswitchable Rabi splitting arises from the switchable coupling between the HPWMs and molecular excitons. By harnessing the photoswitchable Rabi splitting, we develop all-optical light modulators and rewritable waveguides. The demonstration of Rabi splitting in the HPWMs will further advance scientific research and device applications of hybrid plasmon-molecule systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhan Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mingsong Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Xiaoling Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Xiaolei Peng
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chong Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Modified relaxation dynamics and coherent energy exchange in coupled vibration-cavity polaritons. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13504. [PMID: 27874010 PMCID: PMC5121416 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Coupling vibrational transitions to resonant optical modes creates vibrational polaritons shifted from the uncoupled molecular resonances and provides a convenient way to modify the energetics of molecular vibrations. This approach is a viable method to explore controlling chemical reactivity. In this work, we report pump–probe infrared spectroscopy of the cavity-coupled C–O stretching band of W(CO)6 and the direct measurement of the lifetime of a vibration-cavity polariton. The upper polariton relaxes 10 times more quickly than the uncoupled vibrational mode. Tuning the polariton energy changes the polariton transient spectra and relaxation times. We also observe quantum beats, so-called vacuum Rabi oscillations, between the upper and lower vibration-cavity polaritons. In addition to establishing that coupling to an optical cavity modifies the energy-transfer dynamics of the coupled molecules, this work points out the possibility of systematic and predictive modification of the excited-state kinetics of vibration-cavity polariton systems. Vibration-cavity polaritons are mixed states produced by strong coupling between a vibrational mode and an optical cavity. Here, the authors show that these polaritons can coherently exchange energy and exhibit drastically altered transient spectra and dynamics compared to uncoupled vibrations.
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Peters VN, Tumkur TU, Ma J, Kotov NA, Noginov MA. Strong coupling of localized surface plasmons and ensembles of dye molecules. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:25653-25664. [PMID: 27828501 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.025653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We have studied strong exciton-plasmon coupling in the films of Ag nanoislands as well as in the layer-by-layer (LBL) deposited films of Au nanoparticles (NPs) coated with highly concentrated rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye. Their absorbance and the reflectance spectra featured the peaks or dips, which were not characteristic of dye or NPs/nanoislands taken separately. The positions of the spectral maxima (or minima) in the dye-doped films, plotted against those in pristine Ag nanoislands films, resulted in the dispersion curves comprised of three branches. They could be described by the analytical model based on the Hamiltonian accounting for the unperturbed energies of the surface plasmon (SP) resonance, the two bands composing the absorption spectrum of R6G dye, and the exciton-plasmon coupling energy Δ. Its value was larger in Ag nanoislands films deposited on hyperbolic metamaterials (0.221 eV) than on glass (0.165 eV). The minimal gap between the upper and the lower branches was equal to ≈3Δ. The dispersion curves in the Au NPs LBL films could be described with the Hamiltonian equation at relatively small dye concentrations. At larger concentrations of R6G molecules, the spectral peaks shifted and became more pronounced. The corresponding dispersion curve could not be described in terms of the existing model, indicating the need for further theoretical studies.
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Yue Y, Zhang Z, Wang H. Ultrafast manipulation of transient energy transfer between surface plasmons and resonators in hybrid nano-coupling system. Chem Res Chin Univ 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-016-6208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ultrafast manipulation of transient energy transfer between surface plasmons and resonators in hybrid nano-coupling system. Chem Res Chin Univ 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-015-6208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wang H, Toma A, Wang HY, Bozzola A, Miele E, Haddadpour A, Veronis G, De Angelis F, Wang L, Chen QD, Xu HL, Sun HB, Zaccaria RP. The role of Rabi splitting tuning in the dynamics of strongly coupled J-aggregates and surface plasmon polaritons in nanohole arrays. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:13445-53. [PMID: 27350590 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01588c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the influence of Rabi splitting tuning on the dynamics of strongly coupled J-aggregate/surface plasmon polariton systems. In particular, the Rabi splitting was tuned by modifying the J-aggregate molecule concentration while a polaritonic system was provided by a nanostructure formed by holes array in a golden layer. From the periodic and concentration changes we have identified, through numerical and experimental steady-state analyses, the best geometrical configuration for maximizing Rabi splitting, which was then used for transient absorption measurements. It was found that in transient absorption spectra, under upper band excitation, two bleaching peaks appear when a nanostructured polaritonic pattern is used. Importantly, their reciprocal distance increases upon increase of J-aggregate concentration, a result confirmed by steady-state analysis. In a similar manner it was also found that the lifetime of the upper band is intimately related to the coupling strength. In particular, we argue that with strong coupling strength, i.e. high J-aggregate concentration, a short lifetime of the upper band has to be expected due to the suppression of the bottleneck effect. This result supports the idea that the dynamics of hybrid systems is profoundly dependent on Rabi splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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Zhou N, Yuan M, Gao Y, Li D, Yang D. Silver Nanoshell Plasmonically Controlled Emission of Semiconductor Quantum Dots in the Strong Coupling Regime. ACS NANO 2016; 10:4154-4163. [PMID: 26972554 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling between semiconductor excitons and localized surface plasmons (LSPs) giving rise to hybridized plexciton states in which energy is coherently and reversibly exchanged between the components is vital, especially in the area of quantum information processing from fundamental and practical points of view. Here, in photoluminescence spectra, rather than from common extinction or reflection measurements, we report on the direct observation of Rabi splitting of approximately 160 meV as an indication of strong coupling between excited states of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) and LSP modes of silver nanoshells under nonresonant nanosecond pulsed laser excitation at room temperature. The strong coupling manifests itself as an anticrossing-like behavior of the two newly formed polaritons when tuning the silver nanoshell plasmon energies across the exciton line of the QDs. Further analysis substantiates the essentiality of high pump energy and collective strong coupling of many QDs with the radiative dipole mode of the metallic nanoparticles for the realization of strong coupling. Our finding opens up interesting directions for the investigation of strong coupling between LSPs and excitons from the perspective of radiative recombination under easily accessible experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
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Zhong X, Chervy T, Wang S, George J, Thomas A, Hutchison JA, Devaux E, Genet C, Ebbesen TW. Non-Radiative Energy Transfer Mediated by Hybrid Light-Matter States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhong
- ISIS & icFRC; University of Strasbourg and CNRS; 8 allée Gaspard Monge Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Thibault Chervy
- ISIS & icFRC; University of Strasbourg and CNRS; 8 allée Gaspard Monge Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Shaojun Wang
- ISIS & icFRC; University of Strasbourg and CNRS; 8 allée Gaspard Monge Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Jino George
- ISIS & icFRC; University of Strasbourg and CNRS; 8 allée Gaspard Monge Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Anoop Thomas
- ISIS & icFRC; University of Strasbourg and CNRS; 8 allée Gaspard Monge Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - James A. Hutchison
- ISIS & icFRC; University of Strasbourg and CNRS; 8 allée Gaspard Monge Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Eloise Devaux
- ISIS & icFRC; University of Strasbourg and CNRS; 8 allée Gaspard Monge Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Cyriaque Genet
- ISIS & icFRC; University of Strasbourg and CNRS; 8 allée Gaspard Monge Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Thomas W. Ebbesen
- ISIS & icFRC; University of Strasbourg and CNRS; 8 allée Gaspard Monge Strasbourg 67000 France
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40
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Zhong X, Chervy T, Wang S, George J, Thomas A, Hutchison JA, Devaux E, Genet C, Ebbesen TW. Non-Radiative Energy Transfer Mediated by Hybrid Light-Matter States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6202-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhong
- ISIS & icFRC; University of Strasbourg and CNRS; 8 allée Gaspard Monge Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Thibault Chervy
- ISIS & icFRC; University of Strasbourg and CNRS; 8 allée Gaspard Monge Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Shaojun Wang
- ISIS & icFRC; University of Strasbourg and CNRS; 8 allée Gaspard Monge Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Jino George
- ISIS & icFRC; University of Strasbourg and CNRS; 8 allée Gaspard Monge Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Anoop Thomas
- ISIS & icFRC; University of Strasbourg and CNRS; 8 allée Gaspard Monge Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - James A. Hutchison
- ISIS & icFRC; University of Strasbourg and CNRS; 8 allée Gaspard Monge Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Eloise Devaux
- ISIS & icFRC; University of Strasbourg and CNRS; 8 allée Gaspard Monge Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Cyriaque Genet
- ISIS & icFRC; University of Strasbourg and CNRS; 8 allée Gaspard Monge Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Thomas W. Ebbesen
- ISIS & icFRC; University of Strasbourg and CNRS; 8 allée Gaspard Monge Strasbourg 67000 France
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41
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Tumkur TU, Zhu G, Noginov MA. Strong coupling of surface plasmon polaritons and ensembles of dye molecules. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:3921-3928. [PMID: 26907045 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.003921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the strong coupling of dye molecules to surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) excited in the Kretschmann geometry and propagating at the interface of silver and dye-doped polymer. The dispersion curve of such a system, studied in the reflectometry experiments, is split into three branches and demonstrates an avoided crossing - the signature of a strong coupling. We have further studied the excitation spectra of the dye emission and found that the positions of the excitation peaks have a good match with the points in the dispersion curve determined by the reflectometry. At the same time, the analysis of the spectra of the plasmon-mediated spontaneous emission, decoupled to the prism and acquired at multiple collection angles, has resulted in a quite different dispersion curve exhibiting a non-trivial splitting into multiple branches. This suggests that the same plasmonic environment couples differently to absorbing and emitting dye molecules.
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42
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Melnikau D, Esteban R, Savateeva D, Sánchez-Iglesias A, Grzelczak M, Schmidt MK, Liz-Marzán LM, Aizpurua J, Rakovich YP. Rabi Splitting in Photoluminescence Spectra of Hybrid Systems of Gold Nanorods and J-Aggregates. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:354-362. [PMID: 26726134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally and theoretically investigate the interactions between localized plasmons in gold nanorods and excitons in J-aggregates under ambient conditions. Thanks to our sample preparation procedure we are able to track a clear anticrossing behavior of the hybridized modes not only in the extinction but also in the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of this hybrid system. Notably, while previous studies often found the PL signal to be dominated by a single mode (emission from so-called lower polariton branch), here we follow the evolution of the two PL peaks as the plasmon energy is detuned from the excitonic resonance. Both the extinction and PL results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions obtained for a model that assumes two interacting modes with a ratio between the coupling strength and the plasmonic losses close to 0.4, indicative of the strong coupling regime with a significant Rabi splitting estimated to be ∼200 meV. The evolution of the PL line shape as the plasmon is detuned depends on the illumination wavelength, which we attribute to an incoherent excitation given by decay processes in either the metallic rods or the J-aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzmitry Melnikau
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Ruben Esteban
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Diana Savateeva
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | | | - Marek Grzelczak
- CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramon 182, Donostia-San Sebastián 20009, Spain
| | - Mikolaj K Schmidt
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramon 182, Donostia-San Sebastián 20009, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Maria Diaz de Haro 3, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Javier Aizpurua
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Yury P Rakovich
- Centro de Física de Materiales (MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Maria Diaz de Haro 3, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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Eizner E, Avayu O, Ditcovski R, Ellenbogen T. Aluminum Nanoantenna Complexes for Strong Coupling between Excitons and Localized Surface Plasmons. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:6215-21. [PMID: 26258257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We study the optical dynamics in complexes of aluminum nanoantennas coated with molecular J-aggregates and find that they provide an excellent platform for the formation of hybrid exciton-localized surface plasmons. Giant Rabi splitting of 0.4 eV, which corresponds to ∼10 fs energy transfer cycle, is observed in spectral transmittance. We show that the nanoantennas can be used to manipulate the polarization of hybrid states and to confine their mode volumes. In addition, we observe enhancement of the photoluminescence due to enhanced absorption and increase in the local density of states at the exciton-localized surface plasmon energies. With recent emerging technological applications based on strongly coupled light-matter states, this study opens new possibilities to explore and utilize the unique properties of hybrid states over all of the visible region down to ultraviolet frequencies in nanoscale, technologically compatible, integrated platforms based on aluminum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Eizner
- Department of Physical Electronics, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ori Avayu
- Department of Physical Electronics, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ran Ditcovski
- Department of Physical Electronics, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tal Ellenbogen
- Department of Physical Electronics, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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44
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Feist J, Garcia-Vidal FJ. Extraordinary exciton conductance induced by strong coupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:196402. [PMID: 26024185 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.196402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that exciton conductance in organic materials can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude when the molecules are strongly coupled to an electromagnetic mode. Using a 1D model system, we show how the formation of a collective polaritonic mode allows excitons to bypass the disordered array of molecules and jump directly from one end of the structure to the other. This finding could have important implications in the fields of exciton transistors, heat transport, photosynthesis, and biological systems in which exciton transport plays a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Feist
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Garcia-Vidal
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), E-20018 Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
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45
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George J, Shalabney A, Hutchison JA, Genet C, Ebbesen TW. Liquid-Phase Vibrational Strong Coupling. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1027-31. [PMID: 26262864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Light-matter strong coupling involving ground-state molecular vibrations is investigated for the first time in the liquid phase for a set of molecules placed in microcavities. By tuning the cavities, one or more vibrational modes can be coupled in parallel or in series, inducing a change in the vibrational frequencies of the bonds. These findings are of fundamental importance to fully develop light-matter strong coupling for applications in molecular and material sciences.
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46
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Vasa P, Wang W, Pomraenke R, Maiuri M, Manzoni C, Cerullo G, Lienau C. Optical stark effects in j-aggregate-metal hybrid nanostructures exhibiting a strong exciton-surface-plasmon-polariton interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:036802. [PMID: 25659013 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.036802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of optical Stark effects in J-aggregate-metal hybrid nanostructures exhibiting strong exciton-surface-plasmon-polariton coupling. For redshifted nonresonant excitation, pump-probe spectra show short-lived dispersive line shapes of the exciton-surface-plasmon-polariton coupled modes caused by a pump-induced Stark shift of the polariton resonances. For larger coupling strengths, the sign of the Stark shift is reversed by a transient reduction in normal mode splitting. Our studies demonstrate an approach to coherently control and largely enhance optical Stark effects in strongly coupled hybrid systems. This may be useful for applications in ultrafast all-optical switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vasa
- Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany and Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400076 Mumbai, India
| | - W Wang
- Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - R Pomraenke
- Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - M Maiuri
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - C Manzoni
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G Cerullo
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - C Lienau
- Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
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Törmä P, Barnes WL. Strong coupling between surface plasmon polaritons and emitters: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2015; 78:013901. [PMID: 25536670 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/78/1/013901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this review we look at the concepts and state-of-the-art concerning the strong coupling of surface plasmon-polariton modes to states associated with quantum emitters such as excitons in J-aggregates, dye molecules and quantum dots. We explore the phenomenon of strong coupling with reference to a number of examples involving electromagnetic fields and matter. We then provide a concise description of the relevant background physics of surface plasmon polaritons. An extensive overview of the historical background and a detailed discussion of more recent relevant experimental advances concerning strong coupling between surface plasmon polaritons and quantum emitters is then presented. Three conceptual frameworks are then discussed and compared in depth: classical, semi-classical and fully quantum mechanical; these theoretical frameworks will have relevance to strong coupling beyond that involving surface plasmon polaritons. We conclude our review with a perspective on the future of this rapidly emerging field, one we are sure will grow to encompass more intriguing physics and will develop in scope to be of relevance to other areas of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Törmä
- Department of Applied Physics, COMP Centre of Excellence, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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Sukharev M. Control of optical properties of hybrid materials with chirped femtosecond laser pulses under strong coupling conditions. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:084712. [PMID: 25173035 DOI: 10.1063/1.4893967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of chirped femtosecond laser pulses with hybrid materials--materials comprised of plasmon sustaining structures and resonant molecules--is scrutinized using a self-consistent model of coupled Maxwell-Bloch equations. The optical properties of such systems are examined with the example of periodic sinusoidal gratings. It is shown that under strong coupling conditions one can control light transmission using chirped pulses in a spatiotemporal manner. The temporal origin of control relies on chirps non-symmetric in time while the space control is achieved via spatial localization of electromagnetic energy due to plasmon resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Sukharev
- Science and Mathematics Faculty, School of Letters and Sciences, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85212, USA
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Wang S, Mika A, Hutchison JA, Genet C, Jouaiti A, Hosseini MW, Ebbesen TW. Phase transition of a perovskite strongly coupled to the vacuum field. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:7243-7248. [PMID: 24898976 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01971g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The hysteresis and dynamics of the phase transition of the perovskite salt [Pb(II)I4(2-),(C12H25NH3(+))2] is shown to be significantly modified when strongly coupled to the vacuum field inside a micro-cavity. The transition barrier is increased and the hysteresis loop is enlarged, demonstrating the potential of controlling the electromagnetic environment of a material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Wang
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg and CNRS, 8 allée Monge, 67000 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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Wang S, Chervy T, George J, Hutchison JA, Genet C, Ebbesen TW. Quantum Yield of Polariton Emission from Hybrid Light-Matter States. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:1433-9. [PMID: 26269990 DOI: 10.1021/jz5004439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of light-matter strong coupling is tuned by precisely varying the spatial position of a thin layer of cyanine dye J-aggregates in Fabry-Perot microcavities, and their photophysical properties are determined. Placing the layer at the cavity field maximum affords an interaction energy (Rabi splitting) of 503 meV, a 62% increase over that observed if the aggregates are simply spread evenly through the cavity, placing the system in the ultrastrong coupling regime. The fluorescence quantum yield of the lowest polaritonic state P- integrated over k-space is found to be ∼10(-2). The same value can be deduced from the 1.4 ps lifetime of P- measured by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and the calculated radiative decay rate constant. Thus, the polariton decay is dominated by nonradiative processes, in contrast with what might be expected from the small effective mass of the polaritons. These findings provide a deeper understanding of hybrid light-molecule states and have implications for the modification of molecular and material properties by strong coupling.
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