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Manzanilla-Valdez M, Ma Z, Mondor M, Hernández-Álvarez AJ. Decoding the Duality of Antinutrients: Assessing the Impact of Protein Extraction Methods on Plant-Based Protein Sources. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12319-12339. [PMID: 38780067 PMCID: PMC11157537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This review aims to provide an updated overview of the effects of protein extraction/recovery on antinutritional factors (ANFs) in plant protein ingredients, such as protein-rich fractions, protein concentrates, and isolates. ANFs mainly include lectins, trypsin inhibitors, phytic acid, phenolic compounds, oxalates, saponins, tannins, and cyanogenic glycosides. The current technologies used to recover proteins (e.g., wet extraction, dry fractionation) and novel technologies (e.g., membrane processing) are included in this review. The mechanisms involved during protein extraction/recovery that may enhance or decrease the ANF content in plant protein ingredients are discussed. However, studies on the effects of protein extraction/recovery on specific ANFs are still scarce, especially for novel technologies such as ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extraction and membrane processing. Although the negative effects of ANFs on protein digestibility and the overall absorption of plant proteins and other nutrients are a health concern, it is also important to highlight the potential positive effects of ANFs. This is particularly relevant given the rise of novel protein ingredients in the market and the potential presence or absence of these factors and their effects on consumers' health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zidan Ma
- Food
Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Mondor
- Saint-Hyacinthe
Research and Development Centre, Agriculture
and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec Canada, J2S 8E3
- Institute
of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
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2
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Digestibility and bioavailability of plant-based proteins intended for use in meat analogues: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Messina M. Perspective: Soybeans Can Help Address the Caloric and Protein Needs of a Growing Global Population. Front Nutr 2022; 9:909464. [PMID: 35600829 PMCID: PMC9121873 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.909464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding a growing global population with projected rising socioeconomic status will require additional sources of calories and especially protein. These sources need to align with the Sustainable Development Goals established by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The soybean is uniquely positioned to meet this challenge based on the following criteria: (1) Global soybean production exceeds by ~4 times the production of all pulses combined (2) Soybeans are higher in protein than other legumes and soy protein quality is similar to animal protein quality (3) Soybeans are an excellent source of healthy fat, including both essential fatty acids (4) Soybeans, like other legumes, symbiotically fix atmospheric nitrogen thereby reducing the need for fertilizer inputs (5) Greenhouse gas emissions per unit protein are lower than for nearly all other foods (6) Soybeans, like other legumes, are also recognized as an affordable food that can be incorporated into diverse diets regardless of economic standing and (7) The range of foods produced from soybeans constitutes an important position in historic and contemporary cuisines, cultures and emerging consumer trends for plant-based protein. Although most soybeans are currently used for animal feed, soybean use is dictated by consumer demand. Therefore, soybeans are well positioned to meet future global needs for energy and protein. Armed with this knowledge, health professionals can feel justified in encouraging greater consumption of soyfoods for both personal and planetary reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Soy Nutrition Institute Global, Washington, DC, United States
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Hu Q, He Y, Wang F, Wu J, Ci Z, Chen L, Xu R, Yang M, Lin J, Han L, Zhang D. Microwave technology: a novel approach to the transformation of natural metabolites. Chin Med 2021; 16:87. [PMID: 34530887 PMCID: PMC8444431 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microwave technology is used throughout the world to generate heat using energy from the microwave range of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is characterized by uniform energy transfer, low energy consumption, and rapid heating which preserves much of the nutritional value in food products. Microwave technology is widely used to process food such as drying, because food and medicinal plants are the same organisms. Microwave technology is also used to process and extract parts of plants for medicinal purposes; however, the special principle of microwave radiation provide energy to reaction for transforming chemical components, creating a variety of compounds through oxidation, hydrolysis, rearrangement, esterification, condensation and other reactions that transform original components into new ones. In this paper, the principles, influencing factors of microwave technology, and the transformation of natural metabolites using microwave technology are reviewed, with an aim to provide a theoretical basis for the further study of microwave technology in the processing of medicinal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yanan He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovation Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Xinqi Microwave Co., Ltd., Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Zhimin Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lumeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Runchun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovation Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Alpos M, Leong SY, Oey I. Combined Effects of Calcium Addition and Thermal Processing on the Texture and In Vitro Digestibility of Starch and Protein of Black Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris). Foods 2021; 10:foods10061368. [PMID: 34199236 PMCID: PMC8231884 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Legumes are typically soaked overnight to reduce antinutrients and then cooked prior to consumption. However, thermal processing can cause over-softening of legumes. This study aimed to determine the effect of calcium addition (0, 100, 300, and 500 ppm in the form of calcium chloride, CaCl2), starting from the overnight soaking step, in reducing the loss of firmness of black beans during thermal processing for up to 2 h. The impact of calcium addition on the in vitro starch and protein digestibility of cooked beans was also assessed. Two strategies of calcium addition were employed in this study: (Strategy 1/S1) beans were soaked and then cooked in the same CaCl2 solution, or (Strategy 2/S2) cooked in a freshly prepared CaCl2 solution after the calcium-containing soaking medium was discarded. Despite the texture degradation of black beans brought about by increasing the cooking time, texture profile analysis (TPA) revealed that their hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, chewiness, and resilience improved significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing calcium concentration. Interestingly, beans cooked for 2 h with 300 ppm CaCl2 shared similar hardness with beans cooked for 1 h without calcium addition. Starch and protein digestibility of calcium-treated beans generally improved with prolonged cooking. However, calcium-treated beans cooked for 1 h under S2 achieved a reduced texture loss and a lower starch digestibility than those beans treated in S1. A lower starch digestion could be desired as this reflects a slow rise in blood glucose levels. Findings from this result also showed that treating black beans with high level of CaCl2 (i.e., 500 ppm) was not necessary, otherwise this would limit protein digestibility of cooked black beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marbie Alpos
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (M.A.); (S.Y.L.)
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Sze Ying Leong
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (M.A.); (S.Y.L.)
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Indrawati Oey
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (M.A.); (S.Y.L.)
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-347-98-735
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Nutritional and antinutritional composition of fava bean (Vicia faba L., var. minor) cultivars. Food Res Int 2020; 140:110038. [PMID: 33648264 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A dietary shift from resource-demanding animal protein to sustainable food sources, such as protein-rich beans, lowers the climate footprint of food production. In this study, we examined the nutrients and antinutrients in 15 fava bean varieties cultivated in Sweden to select varieties with high nutritional value. On a dry weight basis, the fava beans were analyzed for their content of protein (range 26-33%), amino acids (leucine range: 50.8-72.1 mg/g protein, lysine range: 44.8-74.8 mg/g protein), dietary fiber (soluble fraction range: 0.55-1.06%, insoluble fraction range: 10.7-16.0%), and iron (1.8-21.3 mg/100 g) and zinc contents (0.9-5.2 mg/100 g), as well as for the following antinutrients: lectin (0.8-3.2 HU/mg); trypsin inhibitor (1.2-23.1 TIU/mg) and saponin (18-109 µg/g); phytate (112-1,281 mg/100 g); total phenolic content (1.4-5 mg GAE/g); and vicine(403 µg/g - 7,014 µg/g), convicine (35.5 µg/g - 3,121 µg/g) and the oligosaccharides raffinose (1.1-3.9 g/kg), stachyose (4.4-13.7 g/kg) and verbascose (8-15 g/kg). The results indicate substantial differences between cultivars in relation to their contents of nutrients and antinutrients. Only one of the cultivars studied (Sunrise) have adequate estimated bioavailability of iron, which is of major concern for a diet in which legumes and grains serve as important sources of iron. The nutritional gain from consuming fava beans is significantly affected by the cultivar chosen as the food source.
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Is There Such a Thing as "Anti-Nutrients"? A Narrative Review of Perceived Problematic Plant Compounds. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102929. [PMID: 32987890 PMCID: PMC7600777 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets are associated with reduced risk of lifestyle-induced chronic diseases. The thousands of phytochemicals they contain are implicated in cellular-based mechanisms to promote antioxidant defense and reduce inflammation. While recommendations encourage the intake of fruits and vegetables, most people fall short of their target daily intake. Despite the need to increase plant-food consumption, there have been some concerns raised about whether they are beneficial because of the various ‘anti-nutrient’ compounds they contain. Some of these anti-nutrients that have been called into question included lectins, oxalates, goitrogens, phytoestrogens, phytates, and tannins. As a result, there may be select individuals with specific health conditions who elect to decrease their plant food intake despite potential benefits. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine the science of these ‘anti-nutrients’ and weigh the evidence of whether these compounds pose an actual health threat.
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8
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Effect of ultrasound and microwave processing on the structure, in-vitro digestibility and trypsin inhibitor activity of soymilk proteins. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Oladiran DA, Emmambux NM. Locally Available African Complementary Foods: Nutritional Limitations and Processing Technologies to Improve Nutritional Quality—A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1762640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dolapo A. Oladiran
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Naushad M. Emmambux
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
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Ogundele OM, Kayitesi E. Influence of infrared heating processing technology on the cooking characteristics and functionality of African legumes: a review. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 56:1669-1682. [PMID: 30996403 PMCID: PMC6443696 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
African legumes are an important protein source in the human diet. However, a long and often extended cooking process has been identified as a major challenge in the consumption and utilisation of these legumes. The application of infrared heating as a method of shortening the cooking-time of African legume seeds and flour, by increasing their water absorption rates and pasting viscosity is emphasised in literature. Structural changes caused by infrared heating of moisture-conditioned African legumes include microstructural, molecular and interaction of the biomolecules in the seeds. However, to the best of the authors' our knowledge, no overview on elucidated mechanisms surrounding the microstructural and molecular changes of infrared heated African legumes has been done. The authors' therefore, present current knowledge of these mechanisms including certain highlighted factors such as seed sizes, moisture, surface temperature and time, affecting the efficacy of the application of infrared heating to African legumes. In conclusion, infrared heating is a promising technology that provides a potential solution to the consumption and utilisation challenges of African legumes and flour from these legumes, to enhance their consumption in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeolu M Ogundele
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028 South Africa
| | - Eugenie Kayitesi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028 South Africa
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11
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Methods and procedures for reducing soy trypsin inhibitor activity by means of heat treatment combined with chemical methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/ausal-2018-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have developed a new procedure for reducing soy trypsin inhibitor activity by means of heat treatment combined with chemical methods, through which soy trypsin inhibitor activity decreases to the tenth or twentieth part of the original value. We determined the optimal concentration of the applied chemicals (hydrogen-peroxide, ammonium-hydroxide) as well as the optimal temperature and duration of the treatment. The chemical procedure combined with heat treatment results in lower energy consumption as compared to the original heat treatment methods.
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12
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Identification and characterization of a calcium dependent bacillopeptidase from Bacillus subtilis CFR5 with novel kunitz trypsin inhibitor degradation activity. Food Res Int 2018; 103:263-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Vagadia BH, Vanga SK, Raghavan V. Inactivation methods of soybean trypsin inhibitor – A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Shi L, Mu K, Arntfield SD, Nickerson MT. Changes in levels of enzyme inhibitors during soaking and cooking for pulses available in Canada. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 54:1014-1022. [PMID: 28303052 PMCID: PMC5336459 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of processing (soaking and cooking) on enzyme inhibitors (α-amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors) in a range of pulses (4 peas, 9 lentils, 3 chickpeas, 2 faba beans and 4 beans) were investigated, using soybean as a control. Analysis of variance indicated that pulse type, treatment and their interaction had significant effects on levels of all enzyme inhibitors. Soybean contained the highest levels of trypsin inhibitory activity (TIA) and chymotrypsin inhibitory activity (CIA) among all seeds. α-Amylase inhibitory activity was absent from peas, lentils, chickpeas and faba beans, but was present in beans and soybean. TIA was found to be low in peas but high in beans. Beans contained relatively high CIA levels followed by chickpeas, lentils, peas and faba beans. Soaking markedly decreased the activity of enzyme inhibitors. Cooking of presoaked seeds was even more effective as greater reductions (78.7-100%) were observed for all pulses. The content of enzyme inhibitors in pulses varied widely, but levels of protease inhibitors were generally lower that those found in soybean. Processing, in particular heat treatments, drastically reduced these levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Shi
- Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Kaiwen Mu
- Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Susan D. Arntfield
- Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Michael T. Nickerson
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8 Canada
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15
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Nosworthy MG, House JD. Factors Influencing the Quality of Dietary Proteins: Implications for Pulses. Cereal Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-04-16-0104-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Nosworthy
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - James D. House
- Departments of Human Nutritional Sciences, Food Science, and Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada. Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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16
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Sansone ACMB, Sansone M, dos Santos Dias CT, Oliveira do Nascimento JR. Oral administration of banana lectin modulates cytokine profile and abundance of T-cell populations in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 89:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abu-Ghoush M, Alavi S, Al-Shathri A. A Novel cooked extruded lentils analog: physical and chemical properties. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:4216-25. [PMID: 26139886 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Developing an extruded lentil analog is our aim. Lentil analog with six formulations were produced using a pilot-scale single (SS) and twin screw (TS) extruders. Texture analysis of lentil analogs prepared for consumption revealed that the products formulated with 60:40 and 70:30 soy: wheat ratios exhibited a significantly higher hardness, adhesiveness and lower springiness as compared to all other treatments. Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) results indicated that all starches in dry blend are completely 100 % gelatinized by extrusion for all treatments at 100 °C. The maximum peak of viscosity for TS was formed after 5.58 min. from the run at 89.9 °C for the best treatment. However, this lentil analog product can provide a high quality lentil which can be used as a substitute for regular lentils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abu-Ghoush
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Dept, The Hashemite University, The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Zarqa, 13133 Jordan
| | - Sajid Alavi
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Shathri
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, King Faisal University, The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia, P.O.Box 420, Al-Ahsa, 31982 Saudi Arabia
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20
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Kaur S, Sharma S, Dar BN, Singh B. Optimization of process for reduction of antinutritional factors in edible cereal brans. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2012; 18:445-54. [PMID: 23064525 DOI: 10.1177/1082013211428236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of various antinutritional factors in cereal brans by different treatments (microwave heating, dry heating and wet heating) were studied. There was significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in reduction of antinutritional factors of treated cereal brans except for dry heating at low temperature. Microwave heating at 2450 MHz for 2.5 min resulted in 53.85%, 57.21%, 65.00% and 100% reduction in phytic acid, polyphenols, oxalates and saponins, respectively. Wet heating resulted in maximum reduction in trypsin inhibitor activity (83.07%) at 110 °C for 25 min. Processing treatment resulted in increase in bulk density and slight darkening of the brans. The most effective method of detoxifying most of the toxicants was microwave heating for 2.5 min, and therefore it could be exploited for making treated brans an ideal source for potential food application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satinder Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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Pande R, Mishra HN, Singh MN. Microwave drying for safe storage and improved nutritional quality of green gram seed (Vigna radiata). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:3809-3816. [PMID: 22423886 DOI: 10.1021/jf204540n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the effect of the microwave-heating method on disinfestations and physico characteristics, viz., grain size, grain hardness, and nutritional quality, of the stored green gram seed. It has been observed that the use of the microwave-heating method not only prolongs the storage duration of the green gram seed but also enhances its nutritional quality. The effect of independent parameters, viz., microwave power level and time of exposure, on the moisture content, insect mortality, color, and antinutrient factor (phyic acid) was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), with the optimized value for power of 808 W and time at 80 s. The optimally treated green gram seed has 8.9% moisture, 99.5% insect mortality, 2.22 Δa* (green color of seed), and 591.79 mg/100 g of antinutrient factor (phytic acid). The grain size (geometric mean diameter, D(m)) of the control (untreated) sample was 3.75 mm, and that of the microwave-treated sample using optimum conditions was 3.99 mm. The grain hardness of the control sample was 3.31 kg, and that of the microwave-treated sample using optimum conditions was 1.305 kg. In vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) of the control (untreated) sample was 83 ± 0.289%, and that of the microwave-treated sample using optimum conditions was 85 ± 0.296%. These values are significantly difference (p < 0.05). The mineral elements studied were Zn, Fe, Mg, Mn, Cu, K, Ca, and Na. The microwave treatment resulted in a non-significant (p < 0.05) effect for Mg, Mn, Cu, K, and Na but a significant (p < 0.05) effect for Zn, Ca, and Fe. The results indicate that the microwave heating not only increases the insect mortality but also reduces the moisture content and antinutritional factor (phytic acid), while the natural green color of the seed is not affected much. This study provides a novel and environmentally safe technique and increase in the nutritive quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Pande
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, India.
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22
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Thermal processing effects on the functional properties and microstructure of lentil, chickpea, and pea flours. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Arcan I, Yemenicioğlu A. Effects of controlled pepsin hydrolysis on antioxidant potential and fractional changes of chickpea proteins. Food Res Int 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Khan SH, Butt MS, Anjum FM, Jamil A. Antinutritional Appraisal and Protein Extraction from Differently Stabilized Rice Bran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2009.1281.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Proteomic approaches to study structure, functions and toxicity of legume seeds lectins. Perspectives for the assessment of food quality and safety. J Proteomics 2009; 72:527-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Almeida DT, Greiner R, Furtunado DMN, Trigueiro INS, Araújo MDPN. Content of some antinutritional factors in bean cultivars frequently consumed in Brazil. Int J Food Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sathe SK, Venkatachalam M. Fractionation and biochemical characterization of moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia L.) proteins. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2006.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Antioxidant activity of protein extracts from heat-treated or thermally processed chickpeas and white beans. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Alajaji SA, El-Adawy TA. Nutritional composition of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by microwave cooking and other traditional cooking methods. J Food Compost Anal 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2006.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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De Mejía EG, Prisecaru VI. Lectins as Bioactive Plant Proteins: A Potential in Cancer Treatment. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2005; 45:425-45. [PMID: 16183566 DOI: 10.1080/10408390591034445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant lectins, a unique group of proteins and glycoproteins with potent biological activity, occur in foods like wheat, corn, tomato, peanut, kidney bean, banana, pea, lentil, soybean, mushroom, rice, and potato. Thus, dietary intakes by humans can be significant. Many lectins resist digestion, survive gut passage, and bind to gastrointestinal cells and/or enter the circulation intact, maintaining full biological activity. Several lectins have been found to possess anticancer properties in vitro, in vivo, and in human case studies; they are used as therapeutic agents, preferentially binding to cancer cell membranes or their receptors, causing cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and inhibition of tumor growth. These compounds can become internalized into cells, causing cancer cell agglutination and/or aggregation. Ingestion of lectins also sequesters the available body pool of polyamines, thereby thwarting cancer cell growth. They also affect the immune system by altering the production of various interleukins, or by activating certain protein kinases. Lectins can bind to ribosomes and inhibit protein synthesis. They also modify the cell cycle by inducing non-apoptotic G1-phase accumulation mechanisms, G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and can activate the caspase cascade. Lectins can also downregulate telomerase activity and inhibit angiogenesis. Although lectins seem to have great potential as anticancer agents, further research is still needed and should include a genomic and proteomic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira González De Mejía
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Chicago, IL, USA.
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de Mejía EG, Guzmán-Maldonado SH, Acosta-Gallegos JA, Reynoso-Camacho R, Ramírez-Rodríguez E, Pons-Hernández JL, González-Chavira MM, Castellanos JZ, Kelly JD. Effect of cultivar and growing location on the trypsin inhibitors, tannins, and lectins of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in the semiarid highlands of Mexico. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:5962-5966. [PMID: 13129302 DOI: 10.1021/jf030046m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Trypsin inhibitors (TI), tannins, and lectins appear to have a role in preventing chronic diseases in humans. The genetic variability of these traits in common bean needs to be ascertained in order to increase levels through breeding. The variability of TI, tannin, and lectins was determined in five bean cultivars grown at five locations in Mexico. TI and tannins contents in colored beans that belong to the Jalisco race were higher (11.1-11.9 trypsin units inhibited (TUI)/mg and 29.0-38.1 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g, respectively) than cultivars of the Durango race (7.9-8.3 TUI/mg and 16.8-19.9 CE/mg, respectively). Bayo Victoria, a Durango race cultivar, had three times more lectins than levels reported for soybean. Cultivar influenced TI and tannins contents (p < 0.001), whereas site affected lectins (p < 0.001). An increase in levels of TI and tannins could be enhanced through breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira G de Mejía
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
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