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Juurakko CL, Bredow M, diCenzo GC, Walker VK. Cold-inducible promoter-driven knockdown of Brachypodium antifreeze proteins confers freezing and phytopathogen susceptibility. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e449. [PMID: 36172079 PMCID: PMC9467863 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The model forage crop, Brachypodium distachyon, has a cluster of ice recrystallization inhibition (BdIRI) genes, which encode antifreeze proteins that function by adsorbing to ice crystals and inhibiting their growth. The genes were targeted for knockdown using a cold-induced promoter from rice (prOsMYB1R35) to drive miRNA. The transgenic lines showed no apparent pleiotropic developmental defects but had reduced antifreeze activity as assessed by assays for ice-recrystallization inhibition, thermal hysteresis, electrolyte leakage, and leaf infrared thermography. Strikingly, the number of cold-acclimated transgenic plants that survived freezing at -8°C was reduced by half or killed entirely, depending on the line, compared with cold-acclimated wild type plants. In addition, more leaf damage was apparent at subzero temperatures in knockdowns after infection with an ice nucleating pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae. Although antifreeze proteins have been studied for almost 60 years, this is the first unequivocal demonstration of their function by knockdown in any organism, and their dual contribution to freeze protection as well as pathogen susceptibility, independent of obvious developmental defects. These proteins are thus of potential interest in a wide range of biotechnological applications from cryopreservation, to frozen product additives, to the engineering of transgenic crops with enhanced pathogen and freezing tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Bredow
- Department of BiologyQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
- Present address:
Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | | | - Virginia K. Walker
- Department of BiologyQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
- School of Environmental StudiesQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
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Satyakam, Zinta G, Singh RK, Kumar R. Cold adaptation strategies in plants—An emerging role of epigenetics and antifreeze proteins to engineer cold resilient plants. Front Genet 2022; 13:909007. [PMID: 36092945 PMCID: PMC9459425 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.909007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stress adversely affects plant growth, development, and yield. Also, the spatial and geographical distribution of plant species is influenced by low temperatures. Cold stress includes chilling and/or freezing temperatures, which trigger entirely different plant responses. Freezing tolerance is acquired via the cold acclimation process, which involves prior exposure to non-lethal low temperatures followed by profound alterations in cell membrane rigidity, transcriptome, compatible solutes, pigments and cold-responsive proteins such as antifreeze proteins. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin dynamics and small non-coding RNAs play a crucial role in cold stress adaptation. Here, we provide a recent update on cold-induced signaling and regulatory mechanisms. Emphasis is given to the role of epigenetic mechanisms and antifreeze proteins in imparting cold stress tolerance in plants. Lastly, we discuss genetic manipulation strategies to improve cold tolerance and develop cold-resistant plants.
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Huang Q, Hu R, Hui zhu, Peng C, Chen L. Expression of multi-domain type III antifreeze proteins from the Antarctic eelpout (Lycodichths dearborni) in transgenic tobacco plants improves cold resistance. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Xiang H, Yang X, Ke L, Hu Y. The properties, biotechnologies, and applications of antifreeze proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:661-675. [PMID: 32156540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
By natural selection, organisms evolve different solutions to cope with extremely cold weather. The emergence of an antifreeze protein gene is one of the most momentous solutions. Antifreeze proteins possess an importantly functional ability for organisms to survive in cold environments and are widely found in various cold-tolerant species. In this review, we summarize the origin of antifreeze proteins, describe the diversity of their species-specific properties and functions, and highlight the related biotechnology on the basis of both laboratory tests and bioinformatics analysis. The most recent advances in the applications of antifreeze proteins are also discussed. We expect that this systematic review will contribute to the comprehensive knowledge of antifreeze proteins to readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiang
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.; CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
| | - Xiaohu Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.; CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
| | - Lei Ke
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.; CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
| | - Yong Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.; CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology.
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Naing AH, Kim CK. A brief review of applications of antifreeze proteins in cryopreservation and metabolic genetic engineering. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:329. [PMID: 31448185 PMCID: PMC6691018 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) confer the ability to survive at subzero temperatures and are found in many different organisms, including fish, plants, and insects. They prevent the formation of ice crystals by non-colligative adsorption to the ice surface and are essential for the survival of organisms in cold environments. These proteins are also widely used for cryopreservation, food technology, and metabolic genetic engineering over a range of sources and recipient cell types. This review summarizes successful applications of AFPs in the cryopreservation of animals, insects, and plants, and discusses challenges encountered in cryopreservation. Applications in metabolic genetic engineering are also described, specifically with the overexpression of AFP genes derived from different organisms to provide freeze protection to sensitive crops seasonally exposed to subzero temperatures. This review will provide information about potential applications of AFPs in the cryopreservation of animals and plants as well as in plant metabolic genetic engineering in hopes of furthering the development of cold-tolerant organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Htay Naing
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
| | - Chang Kil Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
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Bredow M, Vanderbeld B, Walker VK. Ice-binding proteins confer freezing tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:68-81. [PMID: 27317906 PMCID: PMC5253476 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Lolium perenne is a freeze-tolerant perennial ryegrass capable of withstanding temperatures below -13 °C. Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) presumably help prevent damage associated with freezing by restricting the growth of ice crystals in the apoplast. We have investigated the expression, localization and in planta freezing protection capabilities of two L. perenne IBP isoforms, LpIRI2 and LpIRI3, as well as a processed IBP (LpAFP). One of these isoforms, LpIRI2, lacks a conventional signal peptide and was assumed to be a pseudogene. Nevertheless, both LpIRI2 and LpIRI3 transcripts were up-regulated following cold acclimation. LpIRI2 also demonstrated ice-binding activity when produced recombinantly in Escherichia coli. Both the LpIRI3 and LpIRI2 isoforms appeared to accumulate in the apoplast of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. In contrast, the fully processed isoform, LpAFP, remained intracellular. Transgenic plants expressing either LpIRI2 or LpIRI3 showed reduced ion leakage (12%-39%) after low-temperature treatments, and significantly improved freezing survival, while transgenic LpAFP-expressing lines did not confer substantial subzero protection. Freeze protection was further enhanced by with the introduction of more than one IBP isoform; ion leakage was reduced 26%-35% and 10% of plants survived temperatures as low as -8 °C. Our results demonstrate that apoplastic expression of multiple L. perenne IBP isoforms shows promise for providing protection to crops susceptible to freeze-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Virginia K. Walker
- Department of BiologyQueen's UniversityKingstonONCanada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and School of Environmental StudiesQueen's UniversityKingstonONCanada
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Bredow M, Walker VK. Ice-Binding Proteins in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2153. [PMID: 29312400 PMCID: PMC5744647 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sub-zero temperatures put plants at risk of damage associated with the formation of ice crystals in the apoplast. Some freeze-tolerant plants mitigate this risk by expressing ice-binding proteins (IBPs), that adsorb to ice crystals and modify their growth. IBPs are found across several biological kingdoms, with their ice-binding activity and function uniquely suited to the lifestyle they have evolved to protect, be it in fishes, insects or plants. While IBPs from freeze-avoidant species significantly depress the freezing point, plant IBPs typically have a reduced ability to lower the freezing temperature. Nevertheless, they have a superior ability to inhibit the recrystallization of formed ice. This latter activity prevents ice crystals from growing larger at temperatures close to melting. Attempts to engineer frost-hardy plants by the controlled transfer of IBPs from freeze-avoiding fish and insects have been largely unsuccessful. In contrast, the expression of recombinant IBP sequences from freeze-tolerant plants significantly reduced electrolyte leakage and enhanced freezing survival in freeze-sensitive plants. These promising results have spurred additional investigations into plant IBP localization and post-translational modifications, as well as a re-evaluation of IBPs as part of the anti-stress and anti-pathogen axis of freeze-tolerant plants. Here we present an overview of plant freezing stress and adaptation mechanisms and discuss the potential utility of IBPs for the generation of freeze-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bredow
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Melissa Bredow,
| | - Virginia K. Walker
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, and School of Environmental Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Bar Dolev
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; ,
| | - Ido Braslavsky
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; ,
| | - Peter L. Davies
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Science, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada;
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Deng LQ, Yu HQ, Liu YP, Jiao PP, Zhou SF, Zhang SZ, Li WC, Fu FL. Heterologous expression of antifreeze protein gene AnAFP from Ammopiptanthus nanus enhances cold tolerance in Escherichia coli and tobacco. Gene 2014; 539:132-40. [PMID: 24502990 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins are a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, plants, fungi and bacteria that permit their survival under the subzero environments. Ammopiptanthus nanus is the unique evergreen broadleaf bush endemic to the Mid-Asia deserts. It survives at the west edge of the Tarim Basin from the disappearance of the ancient Mediterranean in the Tertiary Period. Its distribution region is characterized by the arid climate and extreme temperatures, where the extreme temperatures range from -30 °C to 40 °C. In the present study, the antifreeze protein gene AnAFP of A. nanus was used to transform Escherichia coli and tobacco, after bioinformatics analysis for its possible function. The transformed E. coli strain expressed the heterologous AnAFP gene under the induction of isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside, and demonstrated significant enhancement of cold tolerance. The transformed tobacco lines expressed the heterologous AnAFP gene in response to cold stress, and showed a less change of relative electrical conductivity under cold stress, and a less wilting phenotype after 16 h of -3 °C cold stress and thawing for 1h than the untransformed wild-type plants. All these results imply the potential value of the AnAFP gene to be used in genetic modification of commercially important crops for improvement of cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Qun Deng
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Hao-Qiang Yu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Yan-Ping Liu
- Faculty of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, PR China
| | - Pei-Pei Jiao
- Faculty of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, PR China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Su-Zhi Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Wan-Chen Li
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Feng-Ling Fu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
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Bang JK, Lee JH, Murugan RN, Lee SG, Do H, Koh HY, Shim HE, Kim HC, Kim HJ. Antifreeze peptides and glycopeptides, and their derivatives: potential uses in biotechnology. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:2013-41. [PMID: 23752356 PMCID: PMC3721219 DOI: 10.3390/md11062013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) and glycoproteins (AFGPs), collectively called AF(G)Ps, constitute a diverse class of proteins found in various Arctic and Antarctic fish, as well as in amphibians, plants, and insects. These compounds possess the ability to inhibit the formation of ice and are therefore essential to the survival of many marine teleost fishes that routinely encounter sub-zero temperatures. Owing to this property, AF(G)Ps have potential applications in many areas such as storage of cells or tissues at low temperature, ice slurries for refrigeration systems, and food storage. In contrast to AFGPs, which are composed of repeated tripeptide units (Ala-Ala-Thr)n with minor sequence variations, AFPs possess very different primary, secondary, and tertiary structures. The isolation and purification of AFGPs is laborious, costly, and often results in mixtures, making characterization difficult. Recent structural investigations into the mechanism by which linear and cyclic AFGPs inhibit ice crystallization have led to significant progress toward the synthesis and assessment of several synthetic mimics of AFGPs. This review article will summarize synthetic AFGP mimics as well as current challenges in designing compounds capable of mimicking AFGPs. It will also cover our recent efforts in exploring whether peptoid mimics can serve as structural and functional mimics of native AFGPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Scienc Institute, Chungbuk 363-833, Korea; E-Mails: (J.K.B.); (R.N.M.)
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Korea; E-Mails: (J.H.L.); (S.G.L.); (H.D.); (H.Y.K.); (H.-E.S.)
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Ravichandran N. Murugan
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Scienc Institute, Chungbuk 363-833, Korea; E-Mails: (J.K.B.); (R.N.M.)
| | - Sung Gu Lee
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Korea; E-Mails: (J.H.L.); (S.G.L.); (H.D.); (H.Y.K.); (H.-E.S.)
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Hackwon Do
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Korea; E-Mails: (J.H.L.); (S.G.L.); (H.D.); (H.Y.K.); (H.-E.S.)
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Koh
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Korea; E-Mails: (J.H.L.); (S.G.L.); (H.D.); (H.Y.K.); (H.-E.S.)
| | - Hye-Eun Shim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Korea; E-Mails: (J.H.L.); (S.G.L.); (H.D.); (H.Y.K.); (H.-E.S.)
| | - Hyun-Cheol Kim
- Division of Polar Climate Research, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Hak Jun Kim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Korea; E-Mails: (J.H.L.); (S.G.L.); (H.D.); (H.Y.K.); (H.-E.S.)
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 406-840, Korea
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +82-32-760-5550; Fax: +82-32-760-5598
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Zhang C, Fei SZ, Arora R, Hannapel DJ. Ice recrystallization inhibition proteins of perennial ryegrass enhance freezing tolerance. PLANTA 2010; 232:155-64. [PMID: 20379831 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) proteins are thought to play an important role in conferring freezing tolerance in plants. Two genes encoding IRI proteins, LpIRI-a and LpIRI-b, were isolated from a relatively cold-tolerant perennial ryegrass cv. Caddyshack. Amino acid alignments among the IRI proteins revealed the presence of conserved repetitive IRI-domain motifs (NxVxxG/NxVxG) in both proteins. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that LpIRI-a was up-regulated approximately 40-fold while LpIRI-b was up-regulated sevenfold after just 1 h of cold acclimation, and by 7 days of cold acclimation the transcripts had increased 8,000-fold for LpIRI-a and 1,000-fold for LpIRI-b. Overexpression of either LpIRI-a or LpIRI-b gene in Arabidopsis increased survival rates of the seedlings following a freezing test under both cold-acclimated and nonacclimated conditions. For example, without cold acclimation a -4 degrees C treatment reduced the wild type's survival rate to an average of 73%, but resulted in survival rates of 85-100% for four transgenic lines. With cold acclimation, a -12 degrees C treatment reduced the wild type's survival rate to an average of 38.7%, while it resulted in a survival rate of 51-78.5% for transgenic lines. After cold acclimation, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing either LpIRI-a or LpIRI-b gene exhibited a consistent reduction in freezing-induced ion leakage at -8, -9, and -10 degrees C. Furthermore, the induced expression of the LpIRI-a and LpIRI-b proteins in transgenic E. coli enhanced the freezing tolerance in host cells. Our results suggest that IRI proteins play an important role in freezing tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhen Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1100, USA
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Wang Y, Qiu L, Dai C, Wang J, Luo J, Zhang F, Ma J. Expression of insect (Microdera puntipennis dzungarica) antifreeze protein MpAFP149 confers the cold tolerance to transgenic tobacco. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2008; 27:1349-58. [PMID: 18528694 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-008-0562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the function of antifreeze protein from Microdera puntipennis dzhungarica for freezing stress tolerance in plant, the construct of MpAFP149 gene with the signal peptide sequence responsible for secreting the native MpAFP149 into the apoplast space under control of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was introduced into tobacco by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The observation of immunogold localization by TEM (transmission electron microscope) showed that the heterologous MpAFP149 protein was mainly distributed on the cell wall in apoplast of the transgenic tobacco plant. T1 generation transgenic tobacco plants displayed a more frost resistant phenotype and kept the lower ion leakage ratio and MDA (malondialdehyde) content in the leaves compared with wild-type ones at -1 degrees C for 3 days. The results showed that MpAFP149 provided protection and conferred cold tolerance to transgenic tobacco plant during freezing stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14 Shengli Road, 830046, Urumqi, China
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Nicodemus J, O'tousa JE, Duman JG. Expression of a beetle, Dendroides canadensis, antifreeze protein in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 52:888-96. [PMID: 16828791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2006.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 05/16/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Antifreeze protein 1 (DAFP-1), from the beetle Dendroides canadensis, was expressed in Drosophila melanogaster. Mean thermal hysteresis values (the difference between freezing and melting points), indicative of antifreeze protein activity, in the hemolymph of transgenic flies were found to be as high as 6.23+/-0.10 degrees C (using the nanoliter osmometer). Direct comparisons of the capillary and nanoliter osmometer techniques for measuring THA were made, illustrating the much higher values obtained by the latter. Transgenic Drosophila had supercooling points, both in contact with ice and not, that were slightly, but significantly, lower than wild-type controls (1.5-2.0 degrees C and 2.0-4.0 degrees C, respectively). The results indicate functionality of DAFP-1 in Drosophila melanogaster (the ability of DAFP-1 to inhibit both inoculative freezing across the cuticle and freezing initiated by endogenous ice nucleators). The much larger effects of DAFPs in inhibiting inoculative freezing and ice nucleation in Dendroides canadensis relative to the transgenic Drosophila may partially result from the lower DAFP concentrations and activities in Drosophila, however the absence of multiple types of DAFPs and absence of tissue specific expression may also contribute. Transgenic Drosophila were also able to live significantly longer than controls at 0 degrees C and 4 degrees C, indicating that DAFP-1 is able to increase cold tolerance at above freezing temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Nicodemus
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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Scotter AJ, Kuntz DA, Saul M, Graham LA, Davies PL, Rose DR. Expression and purification of sea raven type II antifreeze protein from Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells. Protein Expr Purif 2006; 47:374-83. [PMID: 16330225 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2005.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2005] [Revised: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 10/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We present a system for the expression and purification of recombinant sea raven type II antifreeze protein, a cysteine-rich, C-type lectin-like globular protein that has proved to be a difficult target for recombinant expression and purification. The cDNAs encoding the pro- and mature forms of the sea raven protein were cloned into a modified pMT Drosophila expression vector. These constructs produced N-terminally His(6)-tagged pro- and mature forms of the type II antifreeze protein under the control of a metallothionein promoter when transfected into Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells. Upon induction of stable cell lines the two proteins were expressed at high levels and secreted into the medium. The proteins were then purified from the cell medium in a simple and rapid protocol using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and specific protease cleavage by tobacco etch virus protease. The proteins demonstrated antifreeze activity indistinguishable from that of wild-type sea raven antifreeze protein purified from serum as illustrated by ice affinity purification, ice crystal morphology, and their ability to inhibit ice crystal growth. This expression and purification system gave yields of 95 mg/L of fully active mature sea raven type II AFP and 9.6 mg/L of the proprotein. This surpasses all previous attempts to express this protein in Escherichia coli, baculovirus-infected fall armyworm cells and Pichia pastoris and will provide sufficient protein for structural analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Scotter
- Department of Biochemistry and the Protein Engineering Network Centres of Excellence, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont., Canada.
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Soleri D, Cleveland DA, Aragón F, Fuentes MR, Ríos H, Sweeney SH. Understanding the potential impact of transgenic crops in traditional agriculture: maize farmers’ perspectives in Cuba, Guatemala and Mexico. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 4:141-66. [PMID: 16634221 DOI: 10.1051/ebr:2005019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered transgenic crop varieties (TGVs) have spread rapidly in the last 10 years, increasingly to traditionally-based agricultural systems (TBAS) of the Third World both as seed and food. Proponents claim they are key to reducing hunger and negative environmental impacts of agriculture. Opponents claim they will have the opposite effect. The risk management process (RMP) is the primary way in which TGVs are regulated in the US (and many other industrial countries), and proponents claim that the findings of that process in the US and its regulatory consequences should be extended to TBAS. However, TBAS differ in important ways from industrial agriculture, so TGVs could have different effects in TBAS, and farmers there may evaluate risks and benefits differently. To evaluate some potential impacts of TGVs in TBAS we used the RMP as a framework for the case of Bt maize in Mesoamerica and Cuba. We interviewed 334 farmers in Cuba, Guatemala and Mexico about farming practices, evaluations of potential harm via hypothetical scenarios, and ranking of maize types. Results suggest high potential for transgene flow via seed, grain and pollen; differences in effects of this exposure in TBAS compared with industrial agriculture; farmers see some potential consequences as harmful. Perceptions of harm differ among farmers in ways determined by their farming systems, and are different from those commonly assumed in industrial systems. An RMP including participation of farmers and characteristics of TBAS critical for their functioning is necessary to ensure that investments in agricultural technologies will improve, not compromise these agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Soleri
- Environmental Studies Program and Geography Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2302 Girvetz Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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17
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Tyshenko MG, Walker VK. Hyperactive spruce budworm antifreeze protein expression in transgenic Drosophila does not confer cold shock tolerance. Cryobiology 2005; 49:28-36. [PMID: 15265714 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2004.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2003] [Accepted: 04/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster, a freeze intolerant and cold shock sensitive insect, was transformed with the hyperactive insect antifreeze protein gene (AFP) from the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana. Transformation P-element constructs (pCasper) were made with CfAFP 337 isoform DNA using a strong constitutive promoter, Actin 5c. This is the first report of insect AFP used to transform another insect. Properly folded active insect AFP was only detected when signal sequences were used to target proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum for secretion into the hemolymph. The 18 residue Drosophila binding protein signal sequence (BiP) constructs resulted in transformed fly lines with significantly higher AFP expression in hemolymph than when the native C. fumiferana AFP signal sequence was used. The resultant transgene fly lines have the highest levels of thermal hysteresis, 0.8 degrees C, seen for any engineered Drosophila. Despite the high level of expression, even higher than some overwintering fish with natural levels of endogenous AFP, the transformants did not display any cold shock resistance compared to controls or low AFP expressing lines. These results indicate that insect AFP alone cannot protect Drosophila from cold shock and may not be useful for Drosophila cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Tyshenko
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont., Canada K7L 3N6.
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18
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Griffith M, Yaish MWF. Antifreeze proteins in overwintering plants: a tale of two activities. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2004; 9:399-405. [PMID: 15358271 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2004.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins are found in a wide range of overwintering plants where they inhibit the growth and recrystallization of ice that forms in intercellular spaces. Unlike antifreeze proteins found in fish and insects, plant antifreeze proteins have multiple, hydrophilic ice-binding domains. Surprisingly, antifreeze proteins from plants are homologous to pathogenesis-related proteins and also provide protection against psychrophilic pathogens. In winter rye (Secale cereale), antifreeze proteins accumulate in response to cold, short daylength, dehydration and ethylene, but not pathogens. Transferring single genes encoding antifreeze proteins to freezing-sensitive plants lowered their freezing temperatures by approximately 1 degrees C. Genes encoding dual-function plant antifreeze proteins are excellent models for use in evolutionary studies to determine how genes acquire new expression patterns and how proteins acquire new activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Griffith
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo ON, Canada N2L 3G1.
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19
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Sung DY, Kaplan F, Lee KJ, Guy CL. Acquired tolerance to temperature extremes. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2003; 8:179-87. [PMID: 12711230 DOI: 10.1016/s1360-1385(03)00047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Acquired tolerance to temperature stresses is a major protective mechanism. Recent advances have revealed key components of stress signal transduction pathways that trigger enhanced tolerance, and several determinants of acquired tolerance have been identified. Although high and low temperature stresses impose different metabolic and physical challenges, acquired tolerance appears to involve general as well as stress-specific components. Transcriptome studies and other genomic-scale approaches have accelerated the pace of gene discovery, and will be invaluable in efforts to integrate all the different protective and repair mechanisms that function in concert to confer acquired tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yul Sung
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0670, USA
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20
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Abstract
Plants are able to survive prolonged exposure to sub-zero temperatures; this ability is enhanced by pre-exposure to low, but above-zero temperatures. This process, known as cold acclimation, is briefly reviewed from the perception of cold, through transduction of the low-temperature signal to functional analysis of cold-induced gene products. The stresses that freezing of apoplastic water imposes on plant cells is considered and what is understood about the mechanisms that plants use to combat those stresses discussed, with particular emphasis on the role of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Smallwood
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, PO Box 373, University of York, York YO1 5YW, UK.
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21
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Breton G, Danyluk J, Ouellet F, Sarhan F. Biotechnological applications of plant freezing associated proteins. BIOTECHNOLOGY ANNUAL REVIEW 2001; 6:59-101. [PMID: 11193297 DOI: 10.1016/s1387-2656(00)06019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Plants use a wide array of proteins to protect themselves against low temperature and freezing conditions. The identification of these freezing tolerance associated proteins and the elucidation of their cryoprotective functions will have important applications in several fields. Genes encoding structural proteins, osmolyte producing enzymes, oxidative stress scavenging enzymes, lipid desaturases and gene regulators have been used to produce transgenic plants. These studies have revealed the potential capacity of different genes to protect against temperature related stresses. In some cases, transgenic plants with significant cold tolerance have been produced. Furthermore, the biochemical characterization of the cold induced antifreeze proteins and dehydrins reveals many applications in the food and the medical industries. These proteins are being considered as food additives to improve the quality and shelf-life of frozen foods, as cryoprotective agents for organ and cell cryopreservation, and as chemical adjuvant in cancer cryosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Breton
- Departement des Sciences biologiques, Universit du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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