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Diogo GS, Permuy M, Marques CF, Sotelo CG, Pérez-Martín RI, Serra J, González P, Munõz F, Pirraco RP, Reis RL, Silva TH. In vivo assessment of marine vs bovine origin collagen-based composite scaffolds promoting bone regeneration in a New Zealand rabbit model. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 159:213813. [PMID: 38428122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The ability of human tissues to self-repair is limited, which motivates the scientific community to explore new and better therapeutic approaches to tissue regeneration. The present manuscript provides a comparative study between a marine-based composite biomaterial, and another composed of well-established counterparts for bone tissue regeneration. Blue shark skin collagen was combined with bioapatite obtained from blue shark's teeth (mColl:BAp), while bovine collagen was combined with synthetic hydroxyapatite (bColl:Ap) to produce 3D composite scaffolds by freeze-drying. Collagens showed similar profiles, while apatite particles differed in their composition, being the marine bioapatite a fluoride-enriched ceramic. The marine-sourced biomaterials presented higher porosities, improved mechanical properties, and slower degradation rates when compared to synthetic apatite-reinforced bovine collagen. The in vivo performance regarding bone tissue regeneration was evaluated in defects created in femoral condyles in New Zealand rabbits twelve weeks post-surgery. Micro-CT results showed that mColl:BAp implanted condyles had a slower degradation and an higher tissue formation (17.9 ± 6.9 %) when compared with bColl:Ap implanted ones (12.9 ± 7.6 %). The histomorphometry analysis provided supporting evidence, confirming the observed trend by quantifying 13.1 ± 7.9 % of new tissue formation for mColl:BAp composites and 10.4 ± 3.2 % for bColl:Ap composites, suggesting the potential use of marine biomaterials for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S Diogo
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - María Permuy
- Dpto. Anatomía, Producción animal e Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av Carvallo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; iBoneLab SL, Av da Coruña 500, 27003 Lugo, Spain
| | - Catarina F Marques
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cármen G Sotelo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Julia Serra
- CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Novos Materiais, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, Spain
| | - Pio González
- CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Novos Materiais, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, Spain
| | - Fernando Munõz
- Dpto. Anatomía, Producción animal e Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av Carvallo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; iBoneLab SL, Av da Coruña 500, 27003 Lugo, Spain
| | - Rogério P Pirraco
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago H Silva
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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Ferro VM, Silva BC, Macedo DF, Fernandes NF, Silva AP. TCP Doped with Metal Ions Reinforced with Tetragonal and Cubic Zirconia. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:599. [PMID: 38132538 PMCID: PMC10742230 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8080599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramic biocomposites based on bioactive tricalcium phosphate doped with metal ions are a strategy for obtaining good biomimetics for human bone composition. Manufacturing with PMMA porogen also induces bone-like porosity morphology. The poor strength of tricalcium phosphate can be overcomed by designing ceramic composites reinforced with tetragonal and cubic zirconia. In this work, five different bioceramic composites were manufactured without and with induced porosity and their physical, mechanical, microstructural, and biological properties were studied. With the addition of tetragonal and cubic zirconia, an improvement in strength of 22% and 55%, respectively, was obtained, corresponding to up to 20.7 MPa. PMMA was suitable for adding porosity, up to 30%, with interconnectivity while an excellent hOB cellular viability was achieved for all biocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M. Ferro
- C-MAST—Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies, Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (V.M.F.)
- CICS-UBI—Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Beatriz C. Silva
- C-MAST—Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies, Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (V.M.F.)
| | - Duarte F. Macedo
- C-MAST—Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies, Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (V.M.F.)
| | - Natanael F. Fernandes
- CICS-UBI—Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Abílio P. Silva
- C-MAST—Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies, Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (V.M.F.)
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Height-to-Diameter Ratio and Porosity Strongly Influence Bulk Compressive Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Polymer Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14225017. [PMID: 36433144 PMCID: PMC9693008 DOI: 10.3390/polym14225017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the architectural design parameters of 3D-printed polymer-based scaffolds-porosity, height-to-diameter (H/D) ratio and pore size-are significant determinants of their mechanical integrity, their impact has not been explicitly discussed when reporting bulk mechanical properties. Controlled architectures were designed by systematically varying porosity (30-75%, H/D ratio (0.5-2.0) and pore size (0.25-1.0 mm) and fabricated using fused filament fabrication technique. The influence of the three parameters on compressive mechanical properties-apparent elastic modulus Eapp, bulk yield stress σy and yield strain εy-were investigated through a multiple linear regression analysis. H/D ratio and porosity exhibited strong influence on the mechanical behavior, resulting in variations in mean Eapp of 60% and 95%, respectively. σy was comparatively less sensitive to H/D ratio over the range investigated in this study, with 15% variation in mean values. In contrast, porosity resulted in almost 100% variation in mean σy values. Pore size was not a significant factor for mechanical behavior, although it is a critical factor in the biological behavior of the scaffolds. Quantifying the influence of porosity, H/D ratio and pore size on bench-top tested bulk mechanical properties can help optimize the development of bone scaffolds from a biomechanical perspective.
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Vezenkova A, Locs J. Sudoku of porous, injectable calcium phosphate cements - Path to osteoinductivity. Bioact Mater 2022; 17:109-124. [PMID: 35386461 PMCID: PMC8964990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase of global population, people's life expectancy is growing as well. Humans tend to live more active lifestyles and, therefore, trauma generated large defects become more common. Instances of tumour resection or pathological conditions and complex orthopaedic issues occur more frequently increasing necessity for bone substitutes. Composition of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) is comparable to the chemical structure of bone minerals. Their ability to self-set and resorb in vivo secures a variety of potential applications in bone regeneration. Despite the years-long research and several products already reaching the market, finding the right properties for calcium phosphate cement to be osteoinductive and both injectable and suitable for clinical use is still a sudoku. This article is focused on injectable, porous CPCs, reviewing the latest developments on the path toward finding osteoinductive material, which is suitable for injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Vezenkova
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of Genera Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, LV-1007, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Locs
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of Genera Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, LV-1007, Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4)-Based Bioceramics: Preparation, Properties, and Applications. COATINGS 2022; 12:1380. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Various types of materials have been traditionally used to restore damaged bones. In the late 1960s, a strong interest was raised in studying ceramics as potential bone grafts due to their biomechanical properties. A short time later, such synthetic biomaterials were called bioceramics. Bioceramics can be prepared from diverse inorganic substances, but this review is limited to calcium orthophosphate (CaPO4)-based formulations only, due to its chemical similarity to mammalian bones and teeth. During the past 50 years, there have been a number of important achievements in this field. Namely, after the initial development of bioceramics that was just tolerated in the physiological environment, an emphasis was shifted towards the formulations able to form direct chemical bonds with the adjacent bones. Afterwards, by the structural and compositional controls, it became possible to choose whether the CaPO4-based implants would remain biologically stable once incorporated into the skeletal structure or whether they would be resorbed over time. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of regenerative bioceramics was developed, and such formulations became an integrated part of the tissue engineering approach. Now, CaPO4-based scaffolds are designed to induce bone formation and vascularization. These scaffolds are usually porous and harbor various biomolecules and/or cells. Therefore, current biomedical applications of CaPO4-based bioceramics include artificial bone grafts, bone augmentations, maxillofacial reconstruction, spinal fusion, and periodontal disease repairs, as well as bone fillers after tumor surgery. Prospective future applications comprise drug delivery and tissue engineering purposes because CaPO4 appear to be promising carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides, and various types of cells.
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Sun L, Li S, Yang K, Wang J, Li Z, Dan N. Polycaprolactone strengthening keratin/bioactive glass composite scaffolds with double cross-linking networks for potential application in bone repair. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-021-00077-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this study, we aimed at constructing polycaprolactone (PCL) reinforced keratin/bioactive glass composite scaffolds with a double cross-linking network structure for potential bone repair application. Thus, the PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffold was prepared by using keratin extracted from wool as main organic component and bioactive glass (BG) as main inorganic component, through both cross-linking systems, such as the thiol-ene click reaction between abundant sulfhydryl groups of keratin and the unsaturated double bond of 3-methacryloxy propyltrimethoxy silane (MPTS), and the amino-epoxy reaction between amino groups of keratin and the epoxy group in (3-glycidoxymethyl) methyldiethoxysilane (GPTMS) molecule, along with introduction of PCL as a reinforcing agent. The success of the thiol-ene reaction was verified by the FTIR and 1H-NMR analyses. And the structure of keratin-BG and PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffolds were studied and compared by the FTIR and XRD characterization, which indicated the successful preparation of the PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffold. In addition, the SEM observation, and contact angle and water absorption rate measurements demonstrated that the PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffold has interconnected porous structure, appropriate pore size and good hydrophilicity, which is helpful to cell adhesion, differentiation and proliferation. Importantly, compression experiments showed that, when compared with the keratin-BG composite scaffold, the PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffold increased greatly from 0.91 ± 0.06 MPa and 7.25 ± 1.7 MPa to 1.58 ± 0.21 MPa and 14.14 ± 1.95 MPa, respectively, which suggesting the strong reinforcement of polycaprolactone. In addition, the biomineralization experiment and MTT assay indicated that the PCL-keratin-BG scaffold has good mineralization ability and no-cytotoxicity, which can promote cell adhesion, proliferation and growth. Therefore, the results suggested that the PCL-keratin-BG composite scaffold has the potential as a candidate for application in bone regeneration field.
Graphical Abstract
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Raymond Y, Pastorino D, Ginebreda I, Maazouz Y, Ortiz M, Manzanares MC, Ginebra MP. Computed tomography and histological evaluation of xenogenic and biomimetic bone grafts in three-wall alveolar defects in minipigs. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6695-6706. [PMID: 33931811 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03956-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the performance of a xenograft (XG) and a biomimetic synthetic graft (SG) in three-wall alveolar defects in minipigs by means of 3D computerised tomography and histology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight minipigs were used. A total of eight defects were created in the jaw of each animal, three of which were grafted with XGs, three with SGs, and two were left empty as a negative control. The allocation of the different grafts was randomised. Four animals were euthanised at 6 weeks and four at 12 weeks. The grafted volume was then measured by spiral computed tomography to assess volume preservation. Additionally, a histological analysis was performed in undecalcified samples by backscattered scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy after Masson's trichrome staining. RESULTS A linear mixed-effects model was applied considering four fixed factors (bone graft type, regeneration time, anatomic position, and maxilla/mandible) and one random factor (animal). The SG exhibited significantly larger grafted volume (19%) than the XG. The anterior sites preserved better the grafted volume than the posterior ones. Finally, regeneration time had a positive effect on the grafted volume. Histological observations revealed excellent osseointegration and osteoconductive properties for both biomaterials. Some concavities found in the spheroidal morphologies of SGs were associated with osteoclastic resorption. CONCLUSIONS Both biomaterials met the requirements for bone grafting, i.e. biocompatibility, osseointegration, and osteoconduction. Granule morphology was identified as an important factor to ensure a good volume preservation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Whereas both biomaterials showed excellent osteoconduction, SGs resulted in better volume preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yago Raymond
- Mimetis Biomaterials S.L., Carrer de Cartagena, 245, 3F, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Pastorino
- Mimetis Biomaterials S.L., Carrer de Cartagena, 245, 3F, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ginebreda
- Department of Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yassine Maazouz
- Mimetis Biomaterials S.L., Carrer de Cartagena, 245, 3F, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Ortiz
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Cristina Manzanares
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Mimetis Biomaterials S.L., Carrer de Cartagena, 245, 3F, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, C/ Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Novel Hydrogel Scaffolds Based on Alginate, Gelatin, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate, and Hydroxyapatite. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060932. [PMID: 33803545 PMCID: PMC8002880 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel scaffolding biomaterials are one of the most attractive polymeric biomaterials for regenerative engineering and can be engineered into tissue mimetic scaffolds to support cell growth due to their similarity to the native extracellular matrix. The novel, versatile hydrogel scaffolds based on alginate, gelatin, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and inorganic agent hydroxyapatite were prepared by modified cryogelation. The chemical composition, morphology, porosity, mechanical properties, effects on cell viability, in vitro degradation, in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility were tested to correlate the material’s composition with the corresponding properties. Scaffolds showed an interconnected porous microstructure, satisfactory mechanical strength, favorable hydrophilicity, degradation, and suitable in vitro and in vivo biocompatible behavior. Materials showed good biocompatibility with healthy human fibroblast in cell culture, as well as in vivo with zebrafish assay, suggesting newly synthesized hydrogel scaffolds as a potential new generation of hydrogel scaffolding biomaterials with tunable properties for versatile biomedical applications and tissue regeneration.
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Abstract
The major objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of silver nanoparticles– gelatin (AgNPs) on the physical and chemical properties of gelatin/alginate (Gel/Alg) scaffolds and the bone-promoting effect of AgNP–Gel/Alg scaffolds. Gel/Alg scaffolds consisting of 0 μM, 200 μM, 400 μM, and 600 μM AgNPs were prepared. SEM was used to evaluate the physical properties of the scaffolds. A CCK-8 assay was performed to determine the cell proliferation activity, and Micro-CT and histological analysis were used to assess the osteogenic effect. The pore size, porosity, and the water absorption and degradation rates of AgNP–Gel/Alg scaffolds were found to be increased compared with those of Gel/Alg scaffolds (control group). CCK-8 showed that cell proliferation activity in the 200 μM group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Micro-CT analysis showed that there was more new bone around AgNP–Gel/Alg than the control group, and the amount of bone formation in the 200 μM group was significantly higher than that in the other groups. Masson staining showed that numerous collagen fibers had proliferated around the AgNP–Gel/Alg scaffold and tended to thicken over time. AgNP–Gel/Alg scaffolds promoted the repair of skull defects in New Zealand rabbits and exerted a marked osteogenic effect in vivo. The 200 μM AgNP–Gel/Alg scaffold was shown to be more suitable for bone tissue engineering materials.
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Repair of Bone Defects With Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells With Tissue-Engineered Bone in Rabbits. Ann Plast Surg 2020; 85:430-436. [PMID: 32931683 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000002454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the repair of bone defects in rabbits with tissue-engineered bones using cocultured endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) as seeding cells. METHODS Endothelial progenitor cells and BMSCs were isolated and purified from the peripheral blood and bone marrow, respectively, of New Zealand rabbits. The third passage of BMSCs was cultured alone or with EPCs. Cells were characterized using specific markers and then seeded on partially deproteinized biologic bones from pigs as a scaffold. The engineered bones were used to repair bone defects in rabbits. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining were performed to examine vascularization and osteogenesis in the engineered bone. RESULTS The cocultured EPCs and BMSCs grew well on the surface of the scaffold. Compared with monocultured BMSCs, cocultured EPCs and BMSCs promoted the formation of blood vessels and bone on the scaffold, in addition to accelerating the repair of bone defects. The collagen content was significantly increased in the scaffold with cocultured EPCs and BMSCs, compared with the scaffold seeded with mono-cultured BMSCs. CONCLUSIONS Tissue-engineered bones seeded with cocultured EPCs and BMSCs may be used effectively for the repair of bone defects.
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Li J, Xu T, Hou W, Liu F, Qing W, Huang L, Ma G, Mu Y, Weng J. The response of host blood vessels to graded distribution of macro-pores size in the process of ectopic osteogenesis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 109:110641. [PMID: 32228974 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is of great importance to bone regeneration, but it remains a significant challenge to induce sufficient angiogenesis and osteogenesis within bone grafts for large bone defect healing. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold via a novel graded pore distribution approach on vascularization and osteoinduction. Two types of graded porous scaffolds were fabricated by sugar templates-leaching techniques: (1) one with large pores of 1100-1250 μm in the center and small pores of 500-650 μm at the periphery (HALS); (2) the other with small pores of 500-650 μm in the center and large pores of 1100-1250 μm at the periphery (HASL). In vivo data showed different pore size distribution had a remarkable impact on blood vessel formation during bone formation, which led to distinct localization of new bone within the defects. After one month of implantation, the diameters of the blood vessels infiltrated on the periphery of HASL were substantially larger than those in the center though the host blood vessels were successful in infiltrating throughout the whole scaffold. In contrast, vascularization within HALS appeared to be poor with very few blood vessels formed in the center, indicating heterogeneous vascularization in the scaffolds. After 3 months of implantation, we found that HASL induced more homogeneous bone formation in the whole bone graft but new bone was only found at the periphery of HALS. This study suggests that the pores size distribution in graded scaffolds cannot only affected early stage vascularization, but also influence late stage bone formation and remodeling. The architecture of larger pores at the periphery of graded scaffold may be capable of enhancing angiogenesis and osteogenesis during large size bone defect healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China; WuXi AppTec (Chengdu) Co. Ltd., Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Taotao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Wenqing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Guangyuan First People's Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, PR China
| | - Wei Qing
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Gang Ma
- Guangyuan First People's Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, PR China
| | - Yandong Mu
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, PR China.
| | - Jie Weng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China.
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Hoornaert A, Maazouz Y, Pastorino D, Aparicio C, de Pinieux G, Fellah BH, Ginebra MP, Layrolle P. Vertical Bone Regeneration with Synthetic Biomimetic Calcium Phosphate onto the Calvaria of Rats. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 25:1-11. [PMID: 30501579 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT This work reports a new bone substitute made of precipitated apatite crystals that resemble in composition and crystallinity to the mineral phase of bone. The bone regeneration capacity of this synthetic biomimetic calcium phosphate (SBCP) was studied by using an original model of vertical bone regeneration with cups on the calvaria of rats. After 4 weeks, a significantly higher bone growth was found with SBCP compared with deproteinized bovine bone matrix and empty controls. This rapid vertical bone regeneration indicated that this new biomaterial is particularly interesting for filling bone defects in oral surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Hoornaert
- 1 Inserm, UMR 1238, PHY-OS, Laboratory of Bone Sarcomas and Remodelling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.,2 Faculty of Dental Surgery, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | - Gonzague de Pinieux
- 1 Inserm, UMR 1238, PHY-OS, Laboratory of Bone Sarcomas and Remodelling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.,4 Department of AnatomoPathology, CHU Tours, Tours, France
| | - Borhane H Fellah
- 5 Centre for Investigation on Pre-Clinical Research, Veterinary School of Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- 6 Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pierre Layrolle
- 1 Inserm, UMR 1238, PHY-OS, Laboratory of Bone Sarcomas and Remodelling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
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Hettich G, Schierjott RA, Epple M, Gbureck U, Heinemann S, Mozaffari-Jovein H, Grupp TM. Calcium Phosphate Bone Graft Substitutes with High Mechanical Load Capacity and High Degree of Interconnecting Porosity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3471. [PMID: 31652704 PMCID: PMC6862383 DOI: 10.3390/ma12213471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone graft substitutes in orthopedic applications have to fulfill various demanding requirements. Most calcium phosphate (CaP) bone graft substitutes are highly porous to achieve bone regeneration, but typically lack mechanical stability. This study presents a novel approach, in which a scaffold structure with appropriate properties for bone regeneration emerges from the space between specifically shaped granules. The granule types were tetrapods (TEPO) and pyramids (PYRA), which were compared to porous CaP granules (CALC) and morselized bone chips (BC). Bulk materials of the granules were mechanically loaded with a peak pressure of 4 MP; i.e., comparable to the load occurring behind an acetabular cup. Mechanical loading reduced the volume of CALC and BC considerably (89% and 85%, respectively), indicating a collapse of the macroporous structure. Volumes of TEPO and PYRA remained almost constant (94% and 98%, respectively). After loading, the porosity was highest for BC (46%), lowest for CALC (25%) and comparable for TEPO and PYRA (37%). The pore spaces of TEPO and PYRA were highly interconnected in a way that a virtual object with a diameter of 150 µm could access 34% of the TEPO volume and 36% of the PYRA volume. This study shows that a bulk of dense CaP granules in form of tetrapods and pyramids can create a scaffold structure with load capacities suitable for the regeneration of an acetabular bone defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Hettich
- Aesculap AG, Research & Development, Am Aesculap-Platz, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany.
| | - Ronja A Schierjott
- Aesculap AG, Research & Development, Am Aesculap-Platz, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Sascha Heinemann
- INNOTERE biomaterial, Meissner Str. 191, 01445 Radebeul, Germany.
| | - Hadi Mozaffari-Jovein
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Tuttlingen (IWAT), Furtwangen University, Kronenstraße 16, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany.
| | - Thomas M Grupp
- Aesculap AG, Research & Development, Am Aesculap-Platz, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Vallejos Baier R, Benjumeda Wijnhoven I, Irribarra del Valle V, Millán Giovanetti C, Vivanco JF. Microporosity Clustering Assessment in Calcium Phosphate Bioceramic Particles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:281. [PMID: 31709245 PMCID: PMC6822304 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been an increase in the application of different biomaterials to repair hard tissues. Within these biomaterials, calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics are suitable candidates, since they can be biocompatible, biodegradable, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive. Moreover, during sintering, bioceramic materials are prone to form micropores and undergo changes in their surface topographical features, which influence cellular physiology and bone ingrowth. In this study, five geometrical properties from the surface of CaP bioceramic particles and their micropores were analyzed by data mining techniques, driven by the research question: what are the geometrical properties of individual micropores in a CaP bioceramic, and how do they relate to each other? The analysis not only shows that it is feasible to determine the existence of micropore clusters, but also to quantify their geometrical properties. As a result, these CaP bioceramic particles present three groups of micropore clusters distinctive by their geometrical properties. Consequently, this new methodological clustering assessment can be applied to advance the knowledge about CaP bioceramics and their role in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Vallejos Baier
- Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Adolfo Ibáñez University, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Juan F. Vivanco
- Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Adolfo Ibáñez University, Viña del Mar, Chile
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15
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Kjar A, Huang Y. Application of Micro-Scale 3D Printing in Pharmaceutics. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E390. [PMID: 31382565 PMCID: PMC6723578 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
3D printing, as one of the most rapidly-evolving fabrication technologies, has released a cascade of innovation in the last two decades. In the pharmaceutical field, the integration of 3D printing technology has offered unique advantages, especially at the micro-scale. When printed at a micro-scale, materials and devices can provide nuanced solutions to controlled release, minimally invasive delivery, high-precision targeting, biomimetic models for drug discovery and development, and future opportunities for personalized medicine. This review aims to cover the recent advances in this area. First, the 3D printing techniques are introduced with respect to the technical parameters and features that are uniquely related to each stage of pharmaceutical development. Then specific micro-sized pharmaceutical applications of 3D printing are summarized and grouped according to the provided benefits. Both advantages and challenges are discussed for each application. We believe that these technologies provide compelling future solutions for modern medicine, while challenges remain for scale-up and regulatory approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kjar
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
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16
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Novel calcium phosphate/PCL graded samples: Design and development in view of biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:336-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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17
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Dallabrida AL, Camargo NH, Moraes AN, Gava A, Dalmônico GM, Costa BD, Oleskovicz N. Caracterização de biocerâmica de fosfatos de cálcio microestruturada em diferentes composições em ovinos. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-4930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO: As biocerâmicas microporosas de fosfatos de cálcio e bifásicas de hidroxiapatita e fosfato tricálcico beta (HA/TCP-β) na forma de biomateriais granulados microporosos, são temas de pesquisas e se destacam como substitutos ósseos em aplicações biomédicas. As biocerâmicas bifásicas são biocompatíveis, bioativas, osteoindutoras e promovem a osteointegração, quando aplicados in vivo ou em meio simulado. Outro ponto diferencial dessas biocerâmicas está associado à capacidade de solubilidade que esses biomateriais apresentam quando aplicados em meio biológico, permitindo a liberação gradual de íons cálcio e fosfatos para o meio biológico, estes são absorvíeis e promovem a neoformação de um novo tecido ósseo. As biocerâmicas bifásicas de fosfatos de cálcio também se apresentam promissores em aplicações traumatológicas na reparação do tecido ósseo traumatizado e na liberação controlada de medicamentos, em tratamentos da estrutura óssea. O desempenho desses biomateriais como substitutos ósseos e na liberação controlada de medicamentos, estão associados, as suas características físicas, químicas, morfológicas e de superfície. O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar a caracterização morfológica, microestrutural dos biomateriais pela técnica de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), física com difratometria de raios X (DRX) e método de Arthur para determinação da porosidade aberta. A densidade teórica dos biomateriais bifásicos foi determinada pelo método teórico das concentrações bifásicas. Por fim, se realizou avaliação do comportamento da neoformação óssea e osteointegração dos diferentes biomateriais de fosfatos de cálcio em testes in vivo em ovinos. Os testes in vivo foram realizados em tíbias de ovinos com tempo de implantação de 03 meses. Os biomateriais implantados foram hidroxiapatita (HA), fosfato tricálcico-β (TCP-β) e composições bifásicas HA/TCP-β nas proporções: 80/20, 20/80, 70/30 e 30/70. Foram utilizadas 08 ovelhas mestiças Texel, com 12 meses de idade e peso médio de 30 kg (±5 kg), nas quais foram produzidos três defeitos ósseos em cada tíbia, sendo que quatro desses defeitos foram preenchidos por biomateriais, e dois por fragmentos ósseos (autoenxerto), grupo controle. Os animais foram eutanasiados aos 03 meses após a implantação dos biomateriais. Após a eutanásia, foram coletadas as tíbias para avaliação com o uso da técnica de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os resultados encontrados mostram que os biomateriais granulados microporosos são formados por uma morfologia irregular com tamanho de grânulos entre 200 μm e 500μm, outra constatação foi microestrutura microporosa interconectada dos biomateriais. O resultado obtido da porosidade aberta mostrou que os biomateriais apresentam porosidade superior a 68%. A densidade teórica se apresentou semelhante entre os biomateriais granulados de fosfatos de cálcio e sugerem boa capacidade de neoformação óssea para todos os biomateriais, sendo que o bifásico 20/80 apresentou absorção do biomaterial e neoformação óssea mais rápida quando comparada com os outros biomateriais avaliados neste estudo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aldo Gava
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics: Implications in Periodontal Bone Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1107:91-112. [PMID: 30105601 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In orthopedic medicine, a feasible reconstruction of bone structures remains one of the main challenges both for healthcare and for improvement of patients' quality of life. There is a growing interest in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) medical application, due to their multilineage differentiation potential, and tissue engineering integration to improve bone repair and regeneration. In this review we will describe the main characteristics of MSCs, such as osteogenesis, immunomodulation and antibacterial properties, key parameters to consider during bone repair strategies. Moreover, we describe the properties of calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics, which demonstrate to be useful tools in combination with MSCs, due to their biocompatibility, osseointegration and osteoconduction for bone repair and regeneration. Also, we overview the main characteristics of dental cavity MSCs, which are promising candidates, in combination with CaP bioceramics, for bone regeneration and tissue engineering. The understanding of MSCs biology and their interaction with CaP bioceramics and other biomaterials is critical for orthopedic surgical bone replacement, reconstruction and regeneration, which is an integrative and dynamic medical, scientific and bioengineering field of research and biotechnology.
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Duan X, Liao HX, Zou HZ, Zhang ZJ, Ye JD, Liao WM. An injectable, biodegradable calcium phosphate cement containing poly lactic-co-glycolic acid as a bone substitute in ex vivo human vertebral compression fracture and rabbit bone defect models. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:55-65. [PMID: 28267379 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2017.1301932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Purpose/Aim of the study: To evaluate the biomechanical characteristics and biocompatibility of an injectable, biodegradable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) containing poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA). MATERIALS AND METHODS A vertebral compression fracture model was established using 20 human cadaveric vertebrae (T11-L3) divided into CPC/PLGA composite versus PMMA groups for biomechanical testing. In addition, 35 New Zealand rabbits were used to evaluate biodegradability and osteoconductive properties of CPC/PLGA using a bone defect model. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated by culturing with L929 cells. RESULTS The CPC/PLGA composite effectively restored vertebral biomechanical properties. Compared with controls, the maximum load and compression strength of the CPC/PLGA group were lower, and stiffness was lower after kyphoplasty (all p <.05). Degradation was much slower in the control CPC compared with CPC/PLGA group. The bone tissue percentage in the CPC/PLGA group (44.9 ± 23.7%) was significantly higher compared with control CPC group (25.7 ± 10.9%) (p <.05). The viability of cells cultured on CPC/PLGA was greater than 70% compared with the blanks. CONCLUSIONS Our biodegradable CPC/PLGA composite showed good biomechanical properties, cytocompatibility, and osteoconductivity and may represent an ideal bone substitute for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Duan
- a Department of Orthopedics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hong-Xing Liao
- c Division of Joint Surgery, Orthopedics Department , The Meizhou People's Hospital , Meizhou , China
| | - Hua-Zhang Zou
- d Gangwang Hospital , Guangzhou Medical College , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zi-Ji Zhang
- a Department of Orthopedics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jian-Dong Ye
- e Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wei-Ming Liao
- a Department of Orthopedics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
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20
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Yang D, Zhao Z, Bai F, Wang S, Tomsia AP, Bai H. Promoting Cell Migration in Tissue Engineering Scaffolds with Graded Channels. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28699281 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ideal bone scaffolds having good biocompatibility, good biodegradability, and beneficial mechanical properties are the basis for bone tissue engineering. Specifically, cell migration within 3D scaffolds is crucial for bone regeneration of critical size defects. In this research, hydroxyapatite scaffolds with three different types of architectures (tortuous, parallel, and graded channels) are fabricated using the freeze-casting (ice-templating) method. While most studies promote cell migration by chemical factors, it can be greatly enhanced by introducing only graded channels as compared with tortuous or parallel channels. The results provide insights and guidance in designing novel scaffolds to enhance cell migration behavior for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Degang Yang
- Department of Spinal and Neural Function Reconstruction China Rehabilitation Research Center Beijing 100068 P. R. China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine Capital Medical University Beijing 100068 P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation China Rehabilitation Research Center China Rehabilitation Science Institute Beijing 100068 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐inspired Materials and Interfacial Science CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zhitong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Fan Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation China Rehabilitation Research Center China Rehabilitation Science Institute Beijing 100068 P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐inspired Materials and Interfacial Science CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Antoni P. Tomsia
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Hao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
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21
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Li X, Wang M, Deng Y, Chen X, Xiao Y, Zhang X. Fabrication and Properties of Ca-P Bioceramic Spherical Granules with Interconnected Porous Structure. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1557-1566. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Li
- National Engineering Research
Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Menglu Wang
- National Engineering Research
Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yanglong Deng
- National Engineering Research
Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xuening Chen
- National Engineering Research
Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yumei Xiao
- National Engineering Research
Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research
Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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22
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Zygmuntowicz J, Zima A, Czechowska J, Szlazak K, Ślosarczyk A, Konopka K. Quantitative stereological analysis of the highly porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds using X-ray CM and SEM. Biomed Mater Eng 2017; 28:235-246. [PMID: 28527187 DOI: 10.3233/bme-171670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Material properties of the scaffolds as well as their microstructure are vital in determining in vivo cellular response. Three-dimensional (3D), highly porous scaffolds are used in tissue engineering to provide a suitable microenvironment and to support regeneration of bone. Both pore sizes and their architecture, in particular interconnection density, impact functionality of scaffold during its biomedical applications. OBJECTIVE In this paper a comparative study of the microstructure of highly porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds produced via gelcasting of foamed slurries and replication of polyurethane sponge were carried out. METHODS Quantitative stereological analysis of the microstructure was conducted using transmission X-ray computed microtomography (μCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Application of the X-ray microtomography allowed obtaining the 2D cross-sectional images of examined samples, and then the 3D reflection of individual samples. RESULTS In our studies we proved that the distribution of pores in HAp bioceramics can be controlled by selection of the manufacturing method. In the case of material produced by the gelcasting method, the porosity of the samples was about ∼78 vol.%, while for the method of replication of the porous organic matrix it was higher ∼84 vol.%. Application of gelcasting method resulted in bioceramics with the macropores ranging from 95 μm to 158 μm (the modal value of 120 μm). Furthermore, micropores of size 34 μm-60 μm - so called "windows", were observed on spherical macropores surfaces. In the case of replication of polyurethane sponge only macropores from 295 μm to 337 μm (the modal value of 300 μm) were obtained. Application of μCT and SEM give more information than classical mercury intrusion porosimetry in studies of porous bioceramics. Developed materials met the criteria for porous bone substitutes. CONCLUSIONS The results of quantitative description of microstructure allowed determining the differences between porous hydroxyapatite bioceramics obtained via replication of porous organic matrix and gelcasting of foamed slurry. The stereological analysis demonstrated, that bioceramics prepared via gelling of foamed slurry has a lower pore size and grains (1.1-1.9 μm) than the material obtained by the method of replication of polyurethane sponge (2.1-2.3 μm). Based on morphological analysis the porosity of tested materials was determined. In the case of material produce by the gelcasting, porosity of the samples was about ∼78 vol.%, while for method of replication of the porous organic matrix the porosity was higher and constituted ∼84 vol.%. Furthermore, evaluated materials varied in porosity and the pore size distribution. It was stated that the method of gelcasting resulted in hydroxyapatite bioceramics with the macropores diameter (95-158 μm), micropores so called "windows" (34-60 μm) - observed on spherical macropores walls and micropores of size 0.6 μm-1.3 μm, which were visible in sintered areas. When the method of replication of polyurethane sponge was applied only macropores from 295 μm to 337 μm were obtained. The comparable values of shape factors such as elongation, curvature of pours boundary and convexity, confirmed that macropores in both studied series had similar shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Zygmuntowicz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Zima
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Czechowska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karol Szlazak
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ślosarczyk
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Konopka
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Rashmi, Pathak R, Amarpal, Aithal HP, Kinjavdekar P, Pawde AM, Tiwari AK, Sangeetha P, Tamilmahan P, Manzoor AB. Evaluation of tissue-engineered bone constructs using rabbit fetal osteoblasts on acellular bovine cancellous bone matrix. Vet World 2017; 10:163-169. [PMID: 28344398 PMCID: PMC5352840 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.163-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to generate composite bone graft and investigate the rabbit fetal osteoblasts adhesion, proliferation and penetration on acellular matrices of cancellous bone. Materials and Methods: Acellular cancellous bone was prepared and developed as in the previous study with little modification. These matrices were decellularized by rapid freeze and thaw cycle. To remove the cell debris, they were then treated with hydrogen peroxide (3%) and ethanol to remove antigenic cellular and nuclear materials from the scaffold. Primary osteoblast cells were harvested from 20 to 22 days old rabbit fetal long and calvarial bone. These cells were cultured and characterized using a specific marker. The third passaged fetal osteoblast cells were then seeded on the scaffold and incubated for 14 days. The growth pattern of the cells was observed. Scanning electron microscope and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to investigate cells proliferation. Results: The cells were found to be growing well on the surface of the scaffold and were also present in good numbers with the matrix filopodial extensions upto inside of the core of the tissue. Conclusion: Thus, a viable composite scaffold of bone could be developed which has a great potential in the field of bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rekha Pathak
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - H P Aithal
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Kinjavdekar
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A M Pawde
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Tiwari
- Division of Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Sangeetha
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Tamilmahan
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A B Manzoor
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ono H, Sase T, Tanaka Y, Takasuna H. Histological assessment of porous custom-made hydroxyapatite implants 6 months and 2.5 years after cranioplasty. Surg Neurol Int 2017; 8:8. [PMID: 28217387 PMCID: PMC5288982 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.198735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In cranial reconstruction, the features of artificial bone differ. Custom-made porous hydroxyapatite (HAp) implants for cranioplasty have been used all over the world because of their good cosmetic, biocompatibility, and osteoconductive properties. Surgical techniques were analyzed, and histological assessment of new bone formation in the hydroxyapatite was performed. Methods: Over a 6-year time period, 41 patients underwent cranioplasty using a custom-made three-dimensional hybrid pore structured hydroxyapatite (3DHPoHAp) implant. The surgical techniques and histological evaluations of 3DHPoHAp in 2 cases, removed 6 months and 2.5 years after cranioplasty, are described. Results: Using 3DHPoHAp, cranioplasty was successfully performed for all patients. The implant fit the bone defect exactly, and surgical manoeuvres were simple and easy. All implants were firmly fixed using a titanium plate, and postoperative infection occurred in 1 patient (2.4%). New bone formation was seen in 2 cases 6 months and 2.5 years after cranioplasty. Osteoblasts were progressing to the stoma at various depths, and bone tissue had ripened. Furthermore, lamellar structure was observed in the case at 2.5 years. Conclusions: In this study, there was a low infection rate, and new bone formation was seen in vivo after cranioplasty. This study also demonstrated that the 3DHPoHAp implant is a good candidate for cranial bone implants because its good osteoconductivity and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Ono
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Toyoko Hospital, Kawasaki City, Japan
| | - Taigen Sase
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Toyoko Hospital, Kawasaki City, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takasuna
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
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Li J, Zhi W, Xu T, Shi F, Duan K, Wang J, Mu Y, Weng J. Ectopic osteogenesis and angiogenesis regulated by porous architecture of hydroxyapatite scaffolds with similar interconnecting structure in vivo. Regen Biomater 2016; 3:285-297. [PMID: 27699059 PMCID: PMC5043155 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbw031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The macro-pore sizes of porous scaffold play a key role for regulating ectopic osteogenesis and angiogenesis but many researches ignored the influence of interconnection between macro-pores with different sizes. In order to accurately reveal the relationship between ectopic osteogenesis and macro-pore sizes in dorsal muscle and abdominal cavities of dogs, hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds with three different macro-pore sizes of 500–650, 750–900 and 1100–1250 µm were prepared via sugar spheres-leaching process, which also had similar interconnecting structure determined by keeping the d/s ratio of interconnecting window diameter to macro-pore size constant. The permeability test showed that the seepage flow of fluid through the porous scaffolds increased with the increase of macro-pore sizes. The cell growth in three scaffolds was not affected by the macro-pore sizes. The in vivo ectopic implantation results indicated that the macro-pore sizes of HA scaffolds with the similar interconnecting structure have impact not only the speed of osteogenesis and angiogenesis but also the space distribution of newly formed bone. The scaffold with macro-pore sizes of 750–900 µm exhibited much faster angiogenesis and osteogenesis, and much more uniformly distribution of new bone than those with other macro-pore sizes. This work illustrates the importance of a suitable macro-pore sizes in HA scaffolds with the similar interconnecting structure which provides the environment for ectopic osteogenesis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Wei Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Taotao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Ke Duan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yandong Mu
- Dental Department, Sichuan Province People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Weng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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Rodriguez RU, Kemper N, Breathwaite E, Dutta SM, Huber A, Murchison A, Chen S, Hsu EL, Hsu WK, Francis MP. Demineralized bone matrix fibers formable as general and custom 3D printed mold-based implants for promoting bone regeneration. Biofabrication 2016; 8:035007. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/3/035007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Cranial bone regeneration according to different particle sizes and densities of demineralized dentin matrix in the rabbit model. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 38:27. [PMID: 27441186 PMCID: PMC4932123 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-016-0073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to place bone graft materials in cranial defects in a rabbit model and compare their bone regenerating ability according to the size and density of demineralized dentin matrix (DDM). Methods We selected nine healthy male rabbits that were raised under the same conditions and that weighed about 3 kg. Two circular defects 8 mm in diameter were created in each side of the cranium. The defects were grafted with DDM using four different particle sizes and densities: 0.1 mL of 0.25- to 1.0-mm particles (group 1); 0.2 mL of 0.25- to 1.0-mm particles (group 2); 0.1 mL of 1.0- to 2.0-mm particles (group 3); and 0.2 mL of 1.0- to 2.0-mm particles (group 4). After 2, 4, and 8 weeks, the rabbits were sacrificed, and bone samples were evaluated by means of histologic, histomorphometric, and quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Results In group 1, osteoblast activity and bone formation were greater than in the other three groups on histological examination. In groups 2, 3, and 4, dense connective tissue was seen around original bone even after 8 weeks. Histomorphometric analysis of representative sections in group 1 showed a higher rate of new bone formation, but the difference from the other groups was not statistically significant. RT-PCR analysis indicated a correlation between bone formation and protein (osteonectin and osteopontin) expression. Conclusions DDM with a space between particles of 200 μm was effective in bone formation, suggesting that materials with a small particle size could reasonably be used for bone grafting.
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Rouholamin D, van Grunsven W, Reilly GC, Smith PJ. Morphological effects of porous poly-d,l-lactic acid/hydroxyapatite scaffolds produced by supercritical CO2 foaming on their mechanical performance. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2016; 230:761-74. [DOI: 10.1177/0954411916650221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel supercritical CO2 foaming technique was used to fabricate scaffolds of controllable morphology and mechanical properties, with the potential to tailor the scaffolds to specific tissue engineering applications. Biodegradable scaffolds are widely used as temporary supportive structures for bone regeneration. The scaffolds must provide a sufficient mechanical support while allowing cell attachment and growth as well as metabolic activities. In this study, supercritical CO2 foaming was used to prepare fully interconnected porous scaffolds of poly-d,l-lactic acid and poly-d,l-lactic acid/hydroxyapatite. The morphological, mechanical and cell behaviours of the scaffolds were measured to examine the effect of hydroxyapatite on these properties. These scaffolds showed an average porosity in the range of 86%–95%, an average pore diameter of 229–347 µm and an average pore interconnection of 103–207 µm. The measured porosity, pore diameter, and interconnection size are suitable for cancellous bone regeneration. Compressive strength and modulus of up to 36.03 ± 5.90 and 37.97 ± 6.84 MPa were measured for the produced porous scaffolds of various compositions. The mechanical properties presented an improvement with the addition of hydroxyapatite to the structure. The relationship between morphological and mechanical properties was investigated. The matrices with different compositions were seeded with bone cells, and all the matrices showed a high cell viability and biocompatibility. The number of cells attached on the matrices slightly increased with the addition of hydroxyapatite indicating that hydroxyapatite improves the biocompatibility and proliferation of the scaffolds. The produced poly-d,l-lactic acid/hydroxyapatite scaffolds in this study showed a potential to be used as bone graft substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William van Grunsven
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for in Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gwendolen C Reilly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for in Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Patrick J Smith
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Zhang J, Liu W, Gauthier O, Sourice S, Pilet P, Rethore G, Khairoun K, Bouler JM, Tancret F, Weiss P. A simple and effective approach to prepare injectable macroporous calcium phosphate cement for bone repair: Syringe-foaming using a viscous hydrophilic polymeric solution. Acta Biomater 2016; 31:326-338. [PMID: 26631875 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we propose a simple and effective strategy to prepare injectable macroporous calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) by syringe-foaming via hydrophilic viscous polymeric solution, such as using silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Si-HPMC) as a foaming agent. The Si-HPMC foamed CPCs demonstrate excellent handling properties such as injectability and cohesion. After hardening the foamed CPCs possess hierarchical macropores and their mechanical properties (Young's modulus and compressive strength) are comparable to those of cancellous bone. Moreover, a preliminary in vivo study in the distal femoral sites of rabbits was conducted to evaluate the biofunctionality of this injectable macroporous CPC. The evidence of newly formed bone in the central zone of implantation site indicates the feasibility and effectiveness of this foaming strategy that will have to be optimized by further extensive animal experiments. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE A major challenge in the design of biomaterial-based injectable bone substitutes is the development of cohesive, macroporous and self-setting calcium phosphate cement (CPC) that enables rapid cell invasion with adequate initial mechanical properties without the use of complex processing and additives. Thus, we propose a simple and effective strategy to prepare injectable macroporous CPCs through syringe-foaming using a hydrophilic viscous polymeric solution (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Si-HPMC) as a foaming agent, that simultaneously meets all the aforementioned aims. Evidence from our in vivo studies shows the existence of newly formed bone within the implantation site, indicating the feasibility and effectiveness of this foaming strategy, which could be used in various CPC systems using other hydrophilic viscous polymeric solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Zhang
- Université de Nantes, INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, BP 84215, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, Polytech Nantes, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, CNRS UMR 6502, Rue Christian Pauc, BP 50609, 44306 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Université de Nantes, INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, BP 84215, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, Polytech Nantes, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, CNRS UMR 6502, Rue Christian Pauc, BP 50609, 44306 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Olivier Gauthier
- ONIRIS - Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Nantes, Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, BP 40706, 44307 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Sophie Sourice
- Université de Nantes, INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, BP 84215, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Paul Pilet
- Université de Nantes, INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, BP 84215, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France; CHU de Nantes, Nantes University Hospital, PHU 4 OTONN, 1 Pl A. Ricordeau Nantes, France
| | - Gildas Rethore
- Université de Nantes, INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, BP 84215, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France; CHU de Nantes, Nantes University Hospital, PHU 4 OTONN, 1 Pl A. Ricordeau Nantes, France
| | - Khalid Khairoun
- Université de Nantes, INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, BP 84215, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Jean-Michel Bouler
- Université de Nantes, CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Franck Tancret
- Université de Nantes, Polytech Nantes, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, CNRS UMR 6502, Rue Christian Pauc, BP 50609, 44306 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Pierre Weiss
- Université de Nantes, INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, BP 84215, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France; CHU de Nantes, Nantes University Hospital, PHU 4 OTONN, 1 Pl A. Ricordeau Nantes, France.
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The RIVET: a novel technique involving absorbable fixation for hydroxyapatite osteosynthesis. J Craniofac Surg 2015; 24:946-8. [PMID: 23714917 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e3182868876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranioplasty using custom-made hydroxyapatite (HAP) ceramic implants is a common procedure for the repair of skull defects. The advantages of using HAP are that it is nonmetallic, unlike titanium; biocompatible; and osteoconductive. Furthermore, it can be molded to any complex shape that may be needed. A disadvantage is that titanium screws and plates are in development for its fixation. We developed a technique for implant fixation using bioabsorbable screws and plates, and named this technique RIVET: resorbable immobilization for vacuolar en bloc technique.Before each operation, the implant was customized for the patient in question on the basis of models prepared using computed tomography data. The bioabsorbable plates were attached to the implant by drilling, tapping, and screwing, as shown in the video (http://links.lww.com/SCS/A43). The interior portion of the screw was then melted to flatten it against the internal surface of the implant, forming a rivet to join the plate and HAP implant.We used this technique for cranial reconstruction in 2 patients, with satisfying and functional results. We did not encounter any complications.In conclusion, the technique described here allows surgeons to fix implants and plates together more rigidly, giving a better result than possible with previous methods.
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Baldino L, Naddeo F, Cardea S, Naddeo A, Reverchon E. FEM modeling of the reinforcement mechanism of Hydroxyapatite in PLLA scaffolds produced by supercritical drying, for Tissue Engineering applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 51:225-36. [PMID: 26275485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Scaffolds have been produced by supercritical CO2 drying of Poly-L-Lactid Acid (PLLA) gels loaded with micrometric fructose particles used as porogens. These structures show a microporous architecture generated by the voids left in the solid material by porogen leaching, while they maintain the nanostructure of the gel, consisting of a network of nanofilaments. These scaffolds have also been loaded with Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles, from 10 to 50% w/w with respect to the polymer, to improve the mechanical properties of the PLLA structure. Based on miscroscopic and mechanical considerations, we propose a parametric Finite Element Method (FEM) model of PLLA-HA composites that describes the microporous structure as a close-packing of equal spheres and the nanoscale structure as a space frame of isotropic curved fibers. The effect of HA on the mechanical properties of the scaffolds has been modeled on the basis of SEM images and by taking into consideration the formation of concentric cylinders of HA nanoparticles around PLLA nanofibers. Modeling analysis confirms that mechanical properties of these scaffolds depend on nanofibrous network connections and that bending is the major factor causing deformation of the network. The FEM model also takes into account the formation of HA multi-layer coating on some areas in the nanofiber network and its increase in thickness with HA percentage. The Young modulus tends to a plateau for HA percentages larger than 30% w/w and when the coverage of the nanofibers produced by HA nanoparticles reaches a loaded surface index of 0.14 in the FEM model.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Baldino
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - F Naddeo
- Department of Information Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - S Cardea
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - A Naddeo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - E Reverchon
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; NANO_MATES, Research Centre for Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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Cuzmar E, Perez RA, Manzanares MC, Ginebra MP, Franch J. In Vivo Osteogenic Potential of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Microspheres: Comparison with Injectable Cement Pastes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131188. [PMID: 26132468 PMCID: PMC4488499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The osteogenic capacity of biomimetic calcium deficient hydroxyapatite microspheres with and without collagen obtained by emulsification of a calcium phosphate cement paste has been evaluated in an in vivo model, and compared with an injectable calcium phosphate cement with the same composition. The materials were implanted into a 5 mm defect in the femur condyle of rabbits, and bone formation was assessed after 1 and 3 months. The histological analysis revealed that the cements presented cellular activity only in the margins of the material, whereas each one of the individual microspheres was covered with osteogenic cells. Consequently, bone ingrowth was enhanced by the microspheres, with a tenfold increase compared to the cement, which was associated to the higher accessibility for the cells provided by the macroporous network between the microspheres, and the larger surface area available for osteoconduction. No significant differences were found in terms of bone formation associated with the presence of collagen in the materials, although a more extensive erosion of the collagen-containing microspheres was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cuzmar
- Medicine and Animal Surgery Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), V Building, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Veterinarian Clinical Science Institute, Universidad Austral de Chile. Fundo Teja Norte, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Roman A. Perez
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Avda. Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330–714, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330–714, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria-Cristina Manzanares
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics Department, University of Barcelona (UB), C/ Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Avda. Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Jordi Franch
- Medicine and Animal Surgery Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), V Building, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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β-Tricalcium phosphate for bone replacement: Stability and integration in sheep. J Biomech 2015; 48:1023-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Soh E, Kolos E, Ruys AJ. Cellular Response to Doping of High Porosity Foamed Alumina with Ca, P, Mg, and Si. MATERIALS 2015; 8:1074-1088. [PMID: 28787989 PMCID: PMC5455451 DOI: 10.3390/ma8031074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Foamed alumina was previously synthesised by direct foaming of sulphate salt blends varying ammonium mole fraction (AMF), foaming heating rate and sintering temperature. The optimal product was produced with 0.33AMF, foaming at 100 °C/h and sintering at 1600 °C. This product attained high porosity of 94.39%, large average pore size of 300 µm and the highest compressive strength of 384 kPa. To improve bioactivity, doping of porous alumina by soaking in dilute or saturated solutions of Ca, P, Mg, CaP or CaP + Mg was done. Saturated solutions of Ca, P, Mg, CaP and CaP + Mg were made with excess salt in distilled water and decanted. Dilute solutions were made by diluting the 100% solution to 10% concentration. Doping with Si was done using the sol gel method at 100% concentration only. Cell culture was carried out with MG63 osteosarcoma cells. Cellular response to the Si and P doped samples was positive with high cell populations and cell layer formation. The impact of doping with phosphate produced a result not previously reported. The cellular response showed that both Si and P doping improved the biocompatibility of the foamed alumina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Soh
- Biomedical Engineering, School of AMME J07, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth Kolos
- Biomedical Engineering, School of AMME J07, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Andrew J Ruys
- Biomedical Engineering, School of AMME J07, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Martínez-Vázquez F, Cabañas M, Paris J, Lozano D, Vallet-Regí M. Fabrication of novel Si-doped hydroxyapatite/gelatine scaffolds by rapid prototyping for drug delivery and bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2015; 15:200-9. [PMID: 25560614 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Porous 3-D scaffolds consisting of gelatine and Si-doped hydroxyapatite were fabricated at room temperature by rapid prototyping. Microscopic characterization revealed a highly homogeneous structure, showing the pre-designed porosity (macroporosity) and a lesser in-rod porosity (microporosity). The mechanical properties of such scaffolds are close to those of trabecular bone of the same density. The biological behavior of these hybrid scaffolds is greater than that of pure ceramic scaffolds without gelatine, increasing pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation (matrix mineralization and gene expression). Since the fabrication process of these structures was carried out at mild conditions, an antibiotic (vancomycin) was incorporated in the slurry before the extrusion of the structures. The release profile of this antibiotic was measured in phosphate-buffered saline solution by high-performance liquid chromatography and was adjusted to a first-order release kinetics. Vancomycin released from the material was also shown to inhibit bacterial growth in vitro. The implications of these results for bone tissue engineering applications are discussed.
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Abstract
In order to prevent soft tissue down-growth into osseous defect areas, membranes are used when placing bone graft materials. These membranes still show shortcomings in their performance and applications. In the current study, we choose an approach to integrate micro-porous surface structures into a macro-porous scaffold. Low porous surfaces were fabricated by dip-coatings. Four different material compositions (titanium dioxide, polycaprolactone, polycaprolactone/water, polycaprolactone/β-tricalcium phosphate) were characterised in terms of their appearance, architecture, topographical features and cell response. Titanium dioxide surfaces exhibited rougher and more complex textures, resulting in the highest number of osteosarcoma cells and distinct morphologies in terms of cell spreading. Polycaprolactone-based surfaces showed a smoother topography and enhanced microporosity, but the effect on secretion of the bone markers sclerostin and interleukin-6 from human osteoblasts was lower compared to secretion from cells cultured on titanium dioxide. β-Tricalcium phosphate modification of polycaprolactone did not show any significant improvement regarding cell-material interaction. Nevertheless, surfaces show potential in the mechanical blockage of epithelial and soft tissue cells and may still permit sufficient nutrient transport.
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Martínez-Vázquez FJ, Pajares A, Guiberteau F, Miranda P. Effect of Polymer Infiltration on the Flexural Behavior of β-Tricalcium Phosphate Robocast Scaffolds. MATERIALS 2014; 7:4001-4018. [PMID: 28788661 PMCID: PMC5453232 DOI: 10.3390/ma7054001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The influence of polymer infiltration on the flexural strength and toughness of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds fabricated by robocasting (direct-write assembly) is analyzed. Porous structures consisting of a tetragonal three-dimensional lattice of interpenetrating rods were impregnated with biodegradable polymers (poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)) by immersion of the structure in a polymer melt. Infiltration increased the flexural strength of these model scaffolds by a factor of 5 (PCL) or 22 (PLA), an enhancement considerably greater than that reported for compression strength of analogue materials. The greater strength improvement in bending was attributed to a more effective transfer of stress to the polymer under this solicitation since the degree of strengthening associated to the sealing of precursor flaws in the ceramic rod surfaces should remain unaltered. Impregnation with either polymer also improved further than in compression the fracture energy of the scaffolds (by more than two orders of magnitude). This increase is associated to the extraordinary strengthening provided by impregnation and to a crack bridging toughening mechanism produced by polymer fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Martínez-Vázquez
- Department of Mechanical, Energy and Materials Engineering, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n., 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Antonia Pajares
- Department of Mechanical, Energy and Materials Engineering, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n., 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Fernando Guiberteau
- Department of Mechanical, Energy and Materials Engineering, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n., 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Pedro Miranda
- Department of Mechanical, Energy and Materials Engineering, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n., 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
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Honnami M, Choi S, Liu IL, Kamimura W, Taguchi T, Hojo H, Shimohata N, Ohba S, Koyama H, Nishimura R, Chung UI, Sasaki N, Mochizuki M. Repair of rabbit segmental femoral defects by using a combination of tetrapod-shaped calcium phosphate granules and basic fibroblast growth factor-binding ion complex gel. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9056-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate-Based Bioceramics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 6:3840-3942. [PMID: 28788309 PMCID: PMC5452669 DOI: 10.3390/ma6093840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Various types of grafts have been traditionally used to restore damaged bones. In the late 1960s, a strong interest was raised in studying ceramics as potential bone grafts due to their biomechanical properties. A bit later, such synthetic biomaterials were called bioceramics. In principle, bioceramics can be prepared from diverse materials but this review is limited to calcium orthophosphate-based formulations only, which possess the specific advantages due to the chemical similarity to mammalian bones and teeth. During the past 40 years, there have been a number of important achievements in this field. Namely, after the initial development of bioceramics that was just tolerated in the physiological environment, an emphasis was shifted towards the formulations able to form direct chemical bonds with the adjacent bones. Afterwards, by the structural and compositional controls, it became possible to choose whether the calcium orthophosphate-based implants remain biologically stable once incorporated into the skeletal structure or whether they were resorbed over time. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of regenerative bioceramics was developed and such formulations became an integrated part of the tissue engineering approach. Now calcium orthophosphate scaffolds are designed to induce bone formation and vascularization. These scaffolds are often porous and harbor different biomolecules and/or cells. Therefore, current biomedical applications of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics include bone augmentations, artificial bone grafts, maxillofacial reconstruction, spinal fusion, periodontal disease repairs and bone fillers after tumor surgery. Perspective future applications comprise drug delivery and tissue engineering purposes because calcium orthophosphates appear to be promising carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides and various types of cells.
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Uebersax L, Apfel T, Nuss KM, Vogt R, Kim HY, Meinel L, Kaplan DL, Auer JA, Merkle HP, von Rechenberg B. Biocompatibility and osteoconduction of macroporous silk fibroin implants in cortical defects in sheep. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:107-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sanzana ES, Navarro M, Ginebra MP, Planell JA, Ojeda AC, Montecinos HA. Role of porosity and pore architecture in thein vivobone regeneration capacity of biodegradable glass scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:1767-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo S. Sanzana
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Surgical Research Centre; University of Concepcion; 4070386 Concepcion Chile
| | - Melba Navarro
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC); 08028 Barcelona Spain
- CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Spain
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group; Technical University of Catalonia; 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Josep A. Planell
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC); 08028 Barcelona Spain
- CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Spain
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group; Technical University of Catalonia; 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Alvaro C. Ojeda
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Surgical Research Centre; University of Concepcion; 4070386 Concepcion Chile
| | - Hernan A. Montecinos
- Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences; University of Concepcion; 4070386 Concepcion Chile
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Evaluation of the potential application of three different biomaterials combined with bone morphological proteins for enhancing tendon-bone integration. Injury 2013; 44:550-7. [PMID: 23062671 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Secure tendon-bone integration is crucial for successful anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Previous studies have applied different types of biomaterial or biomaterial combined with bone-growth factors to enhance tendon-bone integration. However, which approach is better remains controversial. This comparison evaluation could help identify a suitable composite biomaterial for osteointegration of grafted tendon. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three different composite biomaterials mixed with bone morphological proteins (BMPs) were fabricated. The in vitro study investigates cell metabolism, osteogenic gene expression and the growth behaviour of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on fibrin glue-BMPs (FGB), calcium phosphate cement-BMPs (CPCB) and recombined bone xenograft (RBX), which are commercially, clinically available biomaterials. Meanwhile, the changes in the physical, morphological and mechanical properties between the three composites and the original biomaterials were also observed. The in vivo study mainly examined the osteogenic ability of the three composites through rat ectopic testing. RESULTS The porosity structure of three biomaterials was improved after being combined with BMPs powder for SEM observation, and the setting times of the injectable composites were not significantly delayed. More importantly, there were no significant decreases in compressive strength between the three composite biomaterials and the original biomaterials. The highest proliferation rate of BMSCs was found in the RBX group, followed by the CPCB and FGB groups. BMSCs seeded onto an RBX showed the highest alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity and gene expression of collagen I (P < 0.05). Histological examination showed endochondral new bone formation in the specimens of all groups, but the ALPase activity of newly formed tissue in the RBX group showed the highest level (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that RBX seems to be a very good choice for accelerating tendon-bone integration, and CPCB also has a large potential ability to be used. However, these two composites still need to be modified, and we postulate that a combination of them would be more favourable for tendon osteointegration after ACL reconstruction than either composite used alone.
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Smolen D, Chudoba T, Malka I, Kedzierska A, Lojkowski W, Swieszkowski W, Kurzydlowski KJ, Kolodziejczyk-Mierzynska M, Lewandowska-Szumiel M. Highly biocompatible, nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite synthesized in a solvothermal process driven by high energy density microwave radiation. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:653-68. [PMID: 23431124 PMCID: PMC3575162 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s39299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A microwave, solvothermal synthesis of highly biocompatible hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanopowder was developed. The process was conducted in a microwave radiation field having a high energy density of 5 W/mL and over a time less than 2 minutes. The sample measurements included: powder X-ray diffraction, density, specific surface area, and chemical composition. The morphology and structure were investigated by scanning electron microscopy as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermal behavior analysis was conducted using a simultaneous thermal analysis technique coupled with quadruple mass spectrometry. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy tests of heated samples were performed. A degradation test and a biocompatibility study in vitro using human osteoblast cells were also conducted. The developed method enables the synthesis of pure, fully crystalline hexagonal HAp nanopowder with a specific surface area close to 240 m(2)/g and a Ca/P molar ratio equal to 1.57. TEM measurements showed that this method results in particles with an average grain size below 6 nm. A 28-day degradation test conducted according to the ISO standard indicated a 22% loss of initial weight and a calcium ion concentration at 200 μmol/dm(3) in the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride test solution. The cytocompatibility of the obtained material was confirmed in a culture of human bone derived cells, both in an indirect test using the material extract, and in direct contact. A quantitative analysis was based on the 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide. Viability assay as well as on DNA content measurements in the PicoGreen test. Indirect observations were performed at one point in time according to the ISO standard for in vitro cytotoxicity (ie, after 24 hours of cell exposure to the extracts). The direct contact tests were completed at three time points: after 24 hours, on day 7, and on day 14 of a culture in an osteogenic medium. All of the tests revealed good tolerance of cells toward the material; this was also shown by means of live/dead fluorescent staining. Both quantitative results and morphological observations revealed much better cell tolerance toward the obtained HAp compared to commercially available HAp NanoXIM, which was used as a reference material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Smolen
- Polish Academy of Science, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Warsaw, Poland.
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Numerical Approach of the Permeability of a Macroporous Bioceramic with Interconnected Spherical Pores. Transp Porous Media 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-012-0086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Diao H, Si Y, Zhu A, Ji L, Shi H. Surface modified nano-hydroxyapatite/poly(lactide acid) composite and its osteocyte compatibility. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012; 32:1796-1801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chopra K, Mummery PM, Derby B, Gough JE. Gel-cast glass-ceramic tissue scaffolds of controlled architecture produced via stereolithography of moulds. Biofabrication 2012; 4:045002. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/4/4/045002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Choi S, Liu IL, Yamamoto K, Igawa K, Mochizuki M, Sakai T, Echigo R, Honnami M, Suzuki S, Chung UI, Sasaki N. Development and evaluation of tetrapod-shaped granular artificial bones. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2340-7. [PMID: 22387335 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a novel form of granular artificial bone "Tetrabones" with a homogeneous tetrapod shape and uniform size. Tetrabones are four armed structures that accumulate to form the intergranular pores that allow invasion of cells and blood vessels. In this study we evaluated the physicochemical characteristics of Tetrabones in vitro, and compared their biological and biomechanical properties in vivo to those of conventional β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) granule artificial bone. Both the rupture strength and elastic modulus of Tetrabone particles were higher than those of β-TCP granules in vitro. The connectivity of intergranular pores 100, 300, and 400 μm in size were higher in Tetrabones than in the β-TCP granules. Tetrabones showed similar osteoconductivity and biomechanical stiffness to β-TCP at 2 months after implantation in an in vivo study of canine bone defects. These results suggest that Tetrabones may be a good bone graft material in bone reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Choi
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Vivanco J, Aiyangar A, Araneda A, Ploeg HL. Mechanical characterization of injection-molded macro porous bioceramic bone scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2012; 9:137-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rambo C, Costa C, Carminatti C, Recouvreux D, d'Acampora A, Porto L. Osteointegration of poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) scaffolds incorporated with violacein. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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