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Hazra RS, Dutta D, Mamnoon B, Nair G, Knight A, Mallik S, Ganai S, Reindl K, Jiang L, Quadir M. Polymeric Composite Matrix with High Biobased Content as Pharmaceutically Relevant Molecular Encapsulation and Release Platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:40229-40248. [PMID: 34423963 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDS) that can temporally control the rate and extent of release of therapeutically active molecules find applications in many clinical settings, ranging from infection control to cancer therapy. With an aim to design a locally implantable, controlled-release DDS, we demonstrated the feasibility of using cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-reinforced poly (l-lactic acid) (PLA) composite beads. The performance of the platform was evaluated using doxorubicin (DOX) as a model drug for applications in triple-negative breast cancer. A facile, nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) method was adopted to form composite beads. We observed that CNC loading within these beads played a critical role in the mechanical stability, porosity, water uptake, diffusion, release, and pharmacological activity of the drug from the delivery system. When loaded with DOX, composite beads significantly controlled the release of the drug in a pH-dependent pattern. For example, PLA/CNC beads containing 37.5 wt % of CNCs showed a biphasic release of DOX, where 41 and 82% of the loaded drug were released at pH 7.4 and pH 5.5, respectively, over 7 days. Drug release followed Korsmeyer's kinetics, indicating that the release mechanism was mostly diffusion and swelling-controlled. We showed that DOX released from drug-loaded PLA/CNC composite beads locally suppressed the growth and proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer cells, MBA-MB-231, via the apoptotic pathway. The efficacy of the DDS was evaluated in human tissue explants. We envision that such systems will find applications for designing biobased platforms with programmed stability and drug delivery functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Shankar Hazra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
- Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Debasmita Dutta
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Babak Mamnoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Gauthami Nair
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Austin Knight
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Sabha Ganai
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota 58122, United States
| | - Katie Reindl
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
- Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
- Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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Farag MM, Abd El Malak NS, Yehia SA. Controlled buccal patches of Zaleplon using melt granulation technique: An approach to overcome early morning awakening. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gogoi P, Das MK, Ramteke A, Maji TK. Soy flour–ZnO nanoparticles for controlled release of silibinin: Effect of ZnO nanoparticle, surfactant, and cross-linker. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1354200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Plabita Gogoi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, India
| | - Monoj K. Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, India
| | - Anand Ramteke
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, India
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Janagam DR, Ananthula S, Chaudhry K, Wu L, Mandrell TD, Johnson JR, Lowe TL. Injectable In Situ Forming Depot Systems for Long-Acting Contraception. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:e1700097. [PMID: 32646191 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Up to date, no long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) is developed to be injectable through needles smaller than 18 G and can also provide contraception for more than 3 months after single injection. In this study, injectable polymeric in situ forming depot (ISD) systems are developed to have injectability through 21-23 G needles, and capability of sustained release of levonorgestrel (LNG) for at least 7 months in vitro and in vivo after single subcutaneous injection in rats. The systems are polymeric solutions composed of biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and poly(lactic acid) polymers dissolved in a mixture of solvents like N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and benzyl benzoate or triethyl citrate. LNG released from ISD systems successfully suppressed the estrous cycle of rats at plasma concentration above 0.35 ng mL-1 . At the end of the treatment, when LNG plasma concentration drops down to be nondetectable, predictable return of fertility is observed in rats. The designed ISD systems have great potential to be further developed into robust injectable LARCs that can be injected through a 21 G or smaller needle and achieve a variety of contraception durations with high patient compliance and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep R Janagam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Suryatheja Ananthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Kamaljit Chaudhry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Linfeng Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Timothy D Mandrell
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - James R Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Tao L Lowe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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Halpern V, Stalter RM, Owen DH, Dorflinger LJ, Lendvay A, Rademacher KH. Towards the development of a longer-acting injectable contraceptive: past research and current trends. Contraception 2015; 92:3-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Long-acting injectable hormonal dosage forms for contraception. Pharm Res 2015; 32:2180-91. [PMID: 25899076 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1686-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although great efforts have been made to develop long-acting injectable hormonal contraceptives for more than four decades, few long-acting injectable contraceptives have reached the pharmaceutical market or even entered clinical trials. On the other hand, in clinical practice there is an urgent need for injectable long-acting reversible contraceptives which can provide contraceptive protection for more than 3 months after one single injection. Availability of such products will offer great flexibility to women and resolve certain continuation issues currently occurring in clinics. Herein, we reviewed the strategies exploited in the past to develop injectable hormonal contraceptive dosages including drug microcrystal suspensions, drug-loaded microsphere suspensions and in situ forming depot systems for long-term contraception and discussed the potential solutions for remaining issues met in the previous development.
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Nippe S, General S. Investigation of injectable drospirenone organogels with regard to their rheology and comparison to non-stabilized oil-based drospirenone suspensions. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:681-91. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.895375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Zaman M, Ahmad E, Qadeer A, Rabbani G, Khan RH. Nanoparticles in relation to peptide and protein aggregation. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:899-912. [PMID: 24611007 PMCID: PMC3928455 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s54171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been considerable research interest in the use of nanoparticles in the study of protein and peptide aggregation, and of amyloid-related diseases. The influence of nanoparticles on amyloid formation yields great interest due to its small size and high surface area-to-volume ratio. Targeting nucleation kinetics by nanoparticles is one of the most searched for ways to control or induce this phenomenon. The observed effect of nanoparticles on the nucleation phase is determined by particle composition, as well as the amount and nature of the particle's surface. Various thermodynamic parameters influence the interaction of proteins and nanoparticles in the solution, and regulate the protein assembly into fibrils, as well as the disaggregation of preformed fibrils. Metals, organic particles, inorganic particles, amino acids, peptides, proteins, and so on are more suitable candidates for nanoparticle formulation. In the present review, we attempt to explore the effects of nanoparticles on protein and peptide fibrillation processes from both perspectives (ie, as inducers and inhibitors on nucleation kinetics and in the disaggregation of preformed fibrils). Their formulation and characterization by different techniques have been also addressed, along with their toxicological effects, both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masihuz Zaman
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Atiyatul Qadeer
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Gulam Rabbani
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Lu L, Zhang W, Wu X, Wang X, Zhang M, Zhu Q, Ding X, Xu Z, Gao S, Gao J. A novel ropivacaine-loaded in situ forming implant prolongs the effect of local analgesia in rats. Arch Med Sci 2013; 9:614-21. [PMID: 24049519 PMCID: PMC3776163 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2012.30829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prolonged postoperative analgesia cannot be achieved by a single injection of local anesthetic solution. The objective of this study was to optimize the formulation of a ropivacaine hydrochloride (Ropi-HCl) loaded in situ forming implant (ISI) by addition of different co-solvents, and evaluate the in vitro release of Ropi-HCl, and the analgesic effect and toxicity of the optimized formulation in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Triacetin (TA), benzyl benzoate (BB) and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) were used as additives and added to the solvent of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Drug release to the surface and inner structural properties of the formed implant were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The analgesic effect was determined by injection near the rat sciatic nerve. RESULTS The solvent system added with TA or BB significantly decreased the burst release, whereas PEG 400 increased the Ropi-HCl burst release from the formulation. Over 70% of the incorporated Ropi-HCl was released from all formulations in 14 days in the in vitro assay. The SEM showed that the surface of NMP-BB formulation was less porous and more homogeneous, compared with the other formulations. Compared with Ropi-HCl injection, the optimized formulation (NMP-BB) significantly prolonged the analgesic effect in 48 h (p < 0.05), with a mild degree of motor block from 3 h to 12 h. Histological evaluation of the injection site revealed only mild inflammatory infiltration without obvious pathological nerve alterations. CONCLUSIONS The biodegradable Ropi-HCl-loaded ISI system with NMP-BB may prove to be an attractive and safe alternative for the delivery of parenteral local anesthetics to prolong pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, PLA No. 323 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, PLA No. 522 Hospital, Luoyang, Henan, PR China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xueying Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhiyun Xu
- Department of Thoracic-Cardio Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shen Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
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Nippe S, Preuße C, General S. Evaluation of the in vitro release and pharmacokinetics of parenteral injectable formulations for steroids. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 83:253-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Banik N, Iman M, Hussain A, Ramteke A, Boruah R, Maji TK. Soy flour nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery: effect of crosslinker and montmorillonite (MMT). NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00480e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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In situ forming drug delivery systems based on lyotropic liquid crystalline phases: structural characterization and release properties. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(13)50049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Combination of injectable ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone drug-delivery systems and characterization of their in vitro release. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 47:790-800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Feracci H, Gutierrez BS, Hempel W, Gil IS. Organic Nanoparticles. NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY - INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES VS ORGANIC NANOPARTICLES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415769-9.00008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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16
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Martínez-Sancho C, Herrero-Vanrell R, Negro S. Poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres for long-term intravitreal delivery of aciclovir: Influence of fatty and non-fatty additives. J Microencapsul 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/02652040309178090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Dhawan S, Kapil R, Kapoor DN. Development and Evaluation of In Situ Gel-forming System for Sustained Delivery of Insulin. J Biomater Appl 2010; 25:699-720. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328209359959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phase-sensitive in situ gel-forming controlled release formulations of insulin were prepared using poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and a solvent system consisting of various proportions of benzyl benzoate and benzyl alcohol. The in vitro release samples of formulations were assayed for insulin content by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and circular dichroism spectroscopy studies of released insulin confirmed its conformational stability. The stability of insulin in the formulation was assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Rheological properties of the formulations, assessed under isothermal conditions, showed dilatant behavior of all the formulations. In vivo studies were carried out on the optimized formulations vis-à-vis pure insulin in mice and blood glucose levels were monitored for 15 days. Mean percentage reduction in blood glucose levels was calculated in all the animals and the results analyzed using ANOVA. The studies construed better pharmacodynamic response for the two optimized formulations in controlling the blood glucose levels vis-à-vis routine once-a-day administration of insulin. The subcutaneous tissues, further subjected to scanning electron microscopy studies and histopathological examinations, ascertained the biocompatibility of the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanju Dhawan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UGC Centre of Advanced Studies), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India,
| | - Rishi Kapil
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UGC Centre of Advanced Studies), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Deepak N. Kapoor
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UGC Centre of Advanced Studies), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
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Sundar S, Kundu J, Kundu SC. Biopolymeric nanoparticles. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2010; 11:014104. [PMID: 27877319 PMCID: PMC5090546 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/11/1/014104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This review on nanoparticles highlights the various biopolymers (proteins and polysaccharides) which have recently revolutionized the world of biocompatible and degradable natural biological materials. The methods of their fabrication, including emulsification, desolvation, coacervation and electrospray drying are described. The characterization of different parameters for a given nanoparticle, such as particle size, surface charge, morphology, stability, structure, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, drug loading and drug release, is outlined together with the relevant measurement techniques. Applications in the fields of medicine and biotechnology are discussed along with a promising future scope.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joydip Kundu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Chitkara D, Shikanov A, Kumar N, Domb AJ. Biodegradable Injectable In Situ Depot-Forming Drug Delivery Systems. Macromol Biosci 2006; 6:977-90. [PMID: 17128422 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200600129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The scope of drug-delivery systems has expanded significantly in recent years providing new ways to deliver life saving therapeutics to patients. The development of new injectable drug-delivery systems has provided new vistas and opened up unexplored horizons in the field of science, particularly in controlled drug delivery since these systems possess unique advantages over traditional ones, which include ease of application, and localized and prolonged drug delivery. In the past few years, an increasing number of such systems has been reported in the literature for various biomedical applications, including drug delivery, cell encapsulation, and tissue repair. These are injectable fluids that can be introduced into the body in a minimally invasive manner prior to solidifying or gelling within the desired site. For this purpose both natural (chitosan, alginates) as well as synthetic polymers (PEGylated polyesters, ricinoleic acid-based polymers) have been utilized. These systems have been explored widely for the delivery of various therapeutic agents ranging for anti-neoplastic agents like paclitaxel to proteins and peptides such as insulin, almost covering every segment of the pharmaceutical field. This manuscript focuses on the recent advancements in the area of in situ forming biodegradable polymeric drug-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sec. 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali 160062, India
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Yoo HS. Preparation of biodegradable polymeric hollow microspheres using O/O/W emulsion stabilized by Labrafil. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2006; 52:47-51. [PMID: 16930956 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Revised: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 07/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable hollow microspheres were prepared by double oil and water emulsion using a lipophilic surfactant, Labrafil M 1944 CS. Olive oil was emulsified in biodegradable polymer-dissolved dichloromethane mixed with Labrafil by vigorous sonication. This oil-in-oil emulsion was directly re-emulsified in 0.1% poly(vinyl alcohol) solution, subsequently solidified by evaporating dichloromethane. Olive oil and Labrafil were extracted from the microspheres by using hexane. After vigorous washing with n-hexane, the hollow microsphere was freeze-dried and examined under scanning electron microscopy, confirming the morphology of hollow microspheres with thin walls and huge blank cores inside. The concentration of poly(l-lactide) in dichloromethane affected the size of hollow microspheres while the volume of olive oil or dichloromethane did not. This hollow microsphere is expected to be employed as an imaging contrast agent and a novel drug delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Sang Yoo
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Hyoja2-dong, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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Wang SH, Zhang LC, Lin F, Sa XY, Zuo JB, Shao QX, Chen GS, Zeng S. Controlled release of levonorgestrel from biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres: in vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Pharm 2006; 301:217-25. [PMID: 16040213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2004] [Revised: 05/26/2005] [Accepted: 05/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) biodegradable microspheres containing a contraceptive drug, levonorgestrel (LNG), were prepared using both the solvent evaporation method and a modified solvent extraction-evaporation method. The microspheres prepared with the solvent evaporation process had porous surfaces with low product yields and poor encapsulation efficiencies. On the other hand, the microspheres prepared using the modified solvent extraction-evaporation method were nonporous with encapsulation efficiencies close to 100%. In vitro drug release showed the nonporous microspheres had a lower initial burst and a slightly prolonged duration of release than those porous microspheres. In vivo release kinetics of the low burst microspheres were determined by measuring LNG plasma levels after a single intramuscular injection to female rats. At a LNG dose of 41.1 mg/kg, average plasma LNG levels were 6-10 ng/ml in the first 24 h and subsequently remained above 1 ng/ml until 126 days. The duration above the minimum effective LNG plasma level of 0.2 ng/ml was 168 days. By comparison, a similar dose of LNG microcrystals used as control produced a much higher plasma level of 15-21 ng/ml in the first day followed by a fast and continuous decline of LNG levels with a duration of only about 35 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310031, China
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Chen S, Singh J. In vitro release of levonorgestrel from phase sensitive and thermosensitive smart polymer delivery systems. Pharm Dev Technol 2005; 10:319-25. [PMID: 15926681 DOI: 10.1081/pdt-54479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research is to develop injectable controlled delivery systems for the contraceptive hormone, levonorgestrel (LNG), using phase sensitive and thermosensitive polymers. A combination of poly (lactide) (PLA) and a solvent mixture of benzyl benzoate (BB) and benzyl alcohol (BA) was used in the phase-sensitive polymer delivery systems. The effects of solvent systems and polymer concentrations on the in vitro LNG release were evaluated. In the case of thermosensitive polymer delivery systems, a series of low-molecular-weight poly (lactide-co-glycolide)-poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) triblock copolymers with varying ratios of lactide/glycolide (LA/GA, 2.0-3.5) were used. The effects of varying block length of copolymers 1, 2, 3, and 4 on the in vitro LNG release were evaluated. Phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4) containing 0.5% w/v Tween-80 was used as in vitro release medium. The amount of the released LNG was determined by an high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. A controlled (zero-order) in vitro release of LNG was observed from both phase-sensitive and thermosensitive-polymer delivery systems. Increasing the concentration of the phase-sensitive polymer from 5% to 30% significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the release rate of LNG from 38.32 microg/day to 31.45 microg/day; and increasing the hydrophilic fraction of the solvents mixture (i.e., BA) significantly (p < 0.05) increased the release rate of LNG. In the case of the thermosensitive polymer delivery system, increasing the hydrophobic PLGA block length of copolymers significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the release rate of LNG (98.65 microg/day to 67.60 microg/day). It is evident from this study that both the phase sensitive and thermosensitive polymers are suitable for developing prolonged-release injectable delivery systems for the contraceptive hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
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Albertini B, Passerini N, González-Rodríguez ML, Perissutti B, Rodriguez L. Effect of Aerosil® on the properties of lipid controlled release microparticles. J Control Release 2004; 100:233-46. [PMID: 15544871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2004] [Accepted: 08/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Theophylline-loaded microparticles of a lipid carrier, Precirol ATO 5, were prepared by the ultrasonic spray-congealing method. The goal of the work was to investigate the effect of different concentrations and kind of colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 90, 200 and 300) on the microparticle characteristics (particle size, drug loading, morphology and kinetics of release). The results showed that the introduction of Aerosil improved the drug distribution in the different particle sizes and that the mean diameter of the microparticles decreased with the viscosity of the suspension to be nebulized, especially that with Aerosil 300. Whatever the microparticles formulation is, SEM and image analysis did not reveal any remarkable difference of the microparticle shape and surface area, suggesting that other parameters could influence the dissolution behaviour. Actually, the dissolution profiles of all the formulations appeared to be closely related to the physico-chemical properties of Aerosil, especially to its gelation properties, which are a function of its specific surface area. In particular, microparticles having high concentration of Aerosil 200 and 300 approached a zero order release kinetics, while Aerosil 90 microparticles followed a first order release kinetics. Therefore, the drug release rate is controlled by the extent and rate of water absorption/swelling of the Aerosil employed. Finally, DSC, HSM, XRD and FT-IR evidenced the permanence of the drug in its original state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Albertini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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24
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Chang JY, Oh YK, Choi HG, Kim YB, Kim CK. Rheological evaluation of thermosensitive and mucoadhesive vaginal gels in physiological conditions. Int J Pharm 2002; 241:155-63. [PMID: 12086731 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The timely gelation and retention of in situ-gelling vaginal formulations would be fundamental to improve the efficacy of drugs. In this study, various rheological properties of clotrimazole gels were evaluated for predicting their performance in vagina. Two kinds of thermosensitive and mucoadhesive formulations were composed of poloxamer 407 (P407, 15%), polycarbophil (0.2%), and different amounts of P188 (15 vs. 20%). Both formulations were Newtonian at 20 degrees C but non-Newtonian at 37 degrees C. Although both liquid formulations gelled below the vaginal temperature, they differed in gelation time and viscoelastic properties in the presence of vaginal fluid simulant. At body temperature, the formulation with 20% of P188 gelled within 35 s but it took two times longer for the other one gelled. Upon dilution with simulated vaginal fluid, the formulation with 20% of P188 retained the rheology of a gel, but the other one lost the viscoelastic properties typical for a gel. Moreover, after dilution with simulated vaginal fluid, the elastic modulus was orders of magnitude higher in the formulations with 20% of P188 relative to the other one. These results indicate that the rheological evaluation at the physiologic conditions needs to be preceded to develop more effective in situ-gelling vaginal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yun Chang
- National Research Laboratory for Drug and Gene Delivery, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shinlim-Dong, Kwanak-Ku, 151-742, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Inês M, Santoro RM, Kassab NM, Hasegawa M, Kedor-Hackmann ERM. Determination of steroid hormones in oral contraceptives by high-performance liquid chromatography. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2002; 28:741-7. [PMID: 12149967 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-120003866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to standardize a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for quantitative determination of steroid hormones, like ethinylestradiol (ETE), levonorgestrel (LEVO), and gestodene (GEST), in commercially available oral contraceptives (OCs). The combination ETE-LEVO was analyzed using a LiChrospher 100 RP-8 column (5 microns, 125 x 4 mm) in LiChroCART, with a mobile phase constituted of acetonitrile: water (60:40 v/v). Using the same column, ETE-GEST was analyzed with a mobile phase constituted of acetonitrile:water (50:50 v/v) at pH 7.5 adjusted with 0.02 M ammonium hydroxide. For both methods, a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min was utilized and detection was carried out at 215 nm. All analyses were performed at room temperature (24 +/- 2 degrees C). Calibration curves for ETE-LEVO were obtained using solutions with concentration ranges from 2.40 to 60.0 micrograms/mL (ETE), and from 12.0 to 300.0 micrograms/mL (LEVO). Calibration curves for ETE-GEST were obtained using solutions with concentration ranges from 2.40 to 60.0 micrograms/mL (ETE), and from 9.0 to 160.0 micrograms/mL (GEST). Correlation coefficients obtained were from 0.9999 to 0.9990. Coefficients of variation for samples containing ETE-LEVO were 0.47% and 0.38%, respectively. For samples with ETE-GEST they were 0.39% and 0.44%, respectively. The average recovery for samples with ETE-LEVO was 103.46% and 100.78%, respectively. For samples containing ETE-GEST it was 100.89% and 101.03%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inês
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 66083, CEP 05315-970, São Paulo, Brazil.
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26
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Abstract
The ability to inject a drug incorporated into a polymer to a localized site and have the polymer form a semi-solid drug depot has a number of advantages. Among these advantages is ease of application and localized, prolonged drug delivery. For these reasons a large number of in situ setting polymeric delivery systems have been developed and investigated for use in delivering a wide variety of drugs. In this article we introduce the various strategies that have been used to prepare in situ setting systems, and outline their advantages and disadvantages as localized drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hatefi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2N8, Canada
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27
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Zentner GM, Rathi R, Shih C, McRea JC, Seo MH, Oh H, Rhee BG, Mestecky J, Moldoveanu Z, Morgan M, Weitman S. Biodegradable block copolymers for delivery of proteins and water-insoluble drugs. J Control Release 2001; 72:203-15. [PMID: 11389999 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(01)00276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Release of several drugs from new ABA-type biodegradable thermal gels, ReGel, including proteins and conventional molecules, are presented. These are biodegradable, biocompatible polymers that demonstrate reverse thermal gelation properties. Organic solvents are not used in the synthesis, purification, or formulation of these polymers. The unique characteristics of ReGel hinge on the following two key properties: (1) ReGel is a water soluble, biodegradable polymer at temperatures below the gel transition temperature; (2) ReGel forms a water-insoluble gel once injected. This is consistent with a hydrophobically bonded gel state where all interactions are physical, with no covalent crosslinking. An increase in viscosity of approximately 4 orders of magnitude accompanies the sol--gel transition. The gel forms a controlled release drug depot with delivery times ranging from 1 to 6 weeks. ReGel's inherent ability to solubilize (400 to >2000-fold) and stabilize poorly soluble and sensitive drugs, including proteins is a substantial benefit. The gel provided excellent control of the release of paclitaxel for approximately 50 days. Direct intratumoral injection of ReGel/paclitaxel (OncoGel) results in a slow clearance of paclitaxel from the injection site with minimal distribution into any organ. Efficacies equivalent to maximum tolerated systemic dosing were observed at OncoGel doses that were 10-fold lower. Data on protein release (pGH, G-CSF, insulin, rHbsAg) and polymer biocompatibility are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Zentner
- MacroMed Inc., 9520 South State Street, Sandy, UT 84070, USA.
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28
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Jeong B, Bae YH, Kim SW. In situ gelation of PEG-PLGA-PEG triblock copolymer aqueous solutions and degradation thereof. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 2000; 50:171-7. [PMID: 10679681 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(200005)50:2<171::aid-jbm11>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene glycol-b-[DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid]-b-ethylene glycol) (PEG-PLGA-PEG) triblock copolymers form a free-flowing sol at room temperature and become a gel at body temperature. In this study, in situ gel formation was investigated in rats. Upon subcutaneous injection of 33 wt % aqueous solutions of PEG-PLGA-PEG triblock copolymer into rats, transparent gels were observed. The gel showed good mechanical strength and the integrity of gels persisted longer than 1 month. The gel underwent degradation by hydrolysis and turned opaque. Degradation study showed preferential mass loss of PEG-rich segment from the in situ formed gel. Number average molecular weight determined by gel permeation chromatography decreased from 3300 to 1900 and 30% mass loss was observed over 1 month.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jeong
- Biomedical Polymers Research Building, Room 205, CCCD/Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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29
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Jeong B, Bae YH, Kim SW. Drug release from biodegradable injectable thermosensitive hydrogel of PEG-PLGA-PEG triblock copolymers. J Control Release 2000; 63:155-63. [PMID: 10640589 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(99)00194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 514] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An aqueous solution of newly developed low-molecular-weight PEG-PLGA-PEG triblock copolymers with a specific composition is a free flowing sol at room temperature but becomes a gel at body temperature. Two model drugs, ketoprofen and spironolatone, which have different hydrophobicities, were released from the PEG-PLGA-PEG triblock copolymer hydrogel formed in situ by injecting the solutions into a 37 degrees C aqueous environment. Ketoprofen (a model hydrophilic drug) was released over 2 weeks with a first-order release profile, while spironolactone (a model hydrophobic drug) was released over 2 months with an S-shaped release profile. The release profiles were simulated by models considering degradation and diffusion, and were better described by a model assuming a core-shell structure of the gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jeong
- Biomedical Polymers Research Building, Room 205, CCCD/Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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30
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Clodfelter DK, Pekar AH, Rebhun DM, Destrampe KA, Havel HA, Myers SR, Brader ML. Effects of non-covalent self-association on the subcutaneous absorption of a therapeutic peptide. Pharm Res 1998; 15:254-62. [PMID: 9523312 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011918719017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To utilize an acylated peptide as a model system to investigate the relationships among solution peptide conformation, non-covalent self-association, subcutaneous absorption and bioavailability under pharmaceutically relevant solution formulation conditions. METHODS CD spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, equilibrium sedimentation, dynamic light scattering, and size exclusion chromatography were employed to characterize the effects of octanoylation on conformation and self-association of the 31 amino acid peptide derivative des-amino-histidine(7) arginine(26) human glucagon-like peptide (7-37)-OH (IP(7)R(26)GLP-1). Hyperglycemic clamp studies were performed to compare the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of solution formulations of oct-IP(7)R(26)GLP-1 administered subcutaneously to normal dogs. RESULTS Octanoylation of IP(7)R(26)GLP-1 was shown to confer the propensity for a major solvent-induced conformational transition with an accompanying solvent- and temperature-dependent self-association behavior. Formulations were characterized that give rise to remarkably different pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics that correlate with distinct peptide conformational and self-association states. These states correspond to: (i) a minimally associated alpha-helical form (apparent molecular weight = 14 kDa), (ii) a highly associated, predominantly beta-sheet form (effective molecular diameter 20 nm), and (iii) an unusually large, micelle-like soluble beta-sheet aggregate (effective molecular diameter 50 nm). CONCLUSIONS Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of a self-associating peptide can be influenced by aggregate size and the ease of disruption of the non-covalent intermolecular interactions at the subcutaneous site. Hydrophobic aggregation mediated by seemingly innocuous solution formulation conditions can have a dramatic effect on the subcutaneous bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of a therapeutic peptide and in the extreme, can totally preclude its absorption. A size exclusion chromatographic method is identified that distinguishes subcutaneously bioavailable aggregated oct-IP(7)R(26)GLP-1 from non-bioavailable aggregated oct-IP(7)R(26)GLP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Clodfelter
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
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31
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Gao ZH, Crowley WR, Shukla AJ, Johnson JR, Reger JF. Controlled release of contraceptive steroids from biodegradable and injectable gel formulations: in vivo evaluation. Pharm Res 1995; 12:864-8. [PMID: 7667191 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016261004230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate in vivo biocompatibility, biodegradability and biological effects of contraceptive steroids, such as levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol, released from gels prepared with a combination of derivatized vegetable oil (Labrafil 1944 CS) and glyceryl ester of fatty acids (Precirol ATO 5). METHODS Biocompatibility, biodegradability, and in vivo effects of levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol were studied by histologic evaluation of rat tissue, visual estimate of changes in gel size, and assessment of drug effects on reproductive cyclicity of female rats, respectively, following subcutaneous injection of gel formulations. RESULTS Histological evaluation of the tissue samples following an injection of the gel revealed an inflammatory reaction for about 7 days, after which the tissues did not show any inflammatory response. Complete degradation of the gels containing 10% wax was observed between 5 and 6 weeks. Normal rat estrous cycles were completely blocked by the contraceptive steroids released from the gels. Gel formulations containing 0.25% w/w levonorgestrel were more effective in blocking the estrous cycle of female rats compared to the oil formulations containing an identical drug loading. The duration of the biological effect induced by levonorgestrel appears to be dose-related. The gel formulation containing 2.00% ethinyl estradiol was superior to oil formulation containing an identical drug loading in terms of controlling drug release and toxicity. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that Labrafil-Precirol gels are biocompatible and biodegradable. Moreover, controlled release of steroids is possible in vivo for a prolonged period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163, USA
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