1
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Cerón R, Peimbert M, Rojo-Domínguez A, Nájera H. Hen lysozyme fibrillogenesis, molten globule intermediate and effect of copper salts. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:423-434. [PMID: 34821199 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2006090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid fibres have been related to many diseases. The molten globule intermediate has been proposed to form part of the folding pathway of many proteins. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of amyloid-fibres formation of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) incubated in a potassium phosphate buffer, pH 11.8, 100 mM, at 37 °C for 30 h, and evaluated the influence of Cu(II) present in two salts (CuSO4 and CuCl2) during fibrillogenesis. Co-incubation and post-incubation of lysozyme with copper salts reduced the fluorescence signal of thioflavin T with an increment in the intrinsic fluorescence of the protein. The ANS fluorescence test showed that incubation of HEWL for 6 h generated a molten globule intermediate state that formed amyloid fibres when incubation was carried out for a 30-h timespan. Dynamic light scattering showed a heterogeneous population of states in samples incubated in the absence or the presence of salts during the fibrillation process. The existence of a reducing potential was verified during the formation of HEWL amyloid fibres with the bathocuproine disulphonate test. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence and absence of fibres in solutions incubated with and without Cu(II). This work demonstrated that lysozyme formed amyloid fibres at 37 °C and copper inhibited its formation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cerón
- Posgrado en Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana Peimbert
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Rojo-Domínguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hugo Nájera
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Mexico City, Mexico
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2
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Chen LL, Fan YG, Zhao LX, Zhang Q, Wang ZY. The metal ion hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of metal chelators. Bioorg Chem 2023; 131:106301. [PMID: 36455485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by the β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation, is the most common dementia with uncertain etiology. The clinical trials of Aβ monoclonal antibody drugs have almost failed, giving rise to great attention on the other etiologic hypothesis regarding AD such as metal ions dysmetabolism and chronic neuroinflammation. Mounting evidence revealed that the metal ions (iron, copper, and zinc) were dysregulated in the susceptible brain regions of AD patients, which was highly associated with Aβ deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuronal loss, as well as neuroinflammation. Further studies uncovered that iron, copper and zinc could not only enhance the production of Aβ but also directly bind to Aβ and tau to promote their aggregations. In addition, the accumulation of iron and copper could respectively promote ferroptosis and cuproptosis. Therefore, the metal ion chelators were recognized as promising agents for treating AD. This review comprehensively summarized the effects of metal ions on the Aβ dynamics and tau phosphorylation in the progression of AD. Furthermore, taking chronic neuroinflammation contributes to the progression of AD, we also provided a summary of the mechanisms concerning metal ions on neuroinflammation and highlighted the metal ion chelators may be potential agents to alleviate neuroinflammation under the condition of AD. Nevertheless, more investigations regarding metal ions on neuroinflammation should be taken into practice, and the effects of metal ion chelators on neuroinflammation should gain more attention. Running title: Metal chelators against neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yong-Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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3
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Design, synthesis and in-vitro evaluation of fluorinated triazoles as multi-target directed ligands for Alzheimer disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 42:127999. [PMID: 33839248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease is multi-factorial and inflammation plays a major role in the disease progression and severity. Metals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the key mediators for inflammatory conditions associated with Alzheimer's. Along multi-factorial nature, major challenge for developing new drug is the ability of the molecule to cross blood brain barrier (BBB). We have designed and synthesized multi-target directed hexafluorocarbinol containing triazoles to inhibit Amyloid β aggregation and simultaneously chelate the excess metals present in the extracellular space and scavenge the ROS thus reduce the inflammatory condition. From the screened compound library, compound 1c found to be potent and safe. It has demonstrated inhibition of Amyloid β aggregation (IC50 of 4.6 μM) through selective binding with Amyloid β at the nucleation site (evidenced from the molecular docking). It also chelate metals (Cu+2, Zn+2 and Fe+3) and scavenges ROS significantly. Due to the presence of hexafluorocarbinol moiety in the molecule it may assist to permeate BBB and improve the pharmacokinetic properties. The in-vitro results of compound 1c indicate the promiscuity for the development of hexafluorocarbinol containing triazoles amide scaffold as multi-target directed therapy against Alzheimer disease.
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4
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Liu F, Csetenyi L, Gadd GM. Amino acid secretion influences the size and composition of copper carbonate nanoparticles synthesized by ureolytic fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7217-7230. [PMID: 31289902 PMCID: PMC6691030 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ureolytic activity of Neurospora crassa results in an alkaline carbonate-rich culture medium which can precipitate soluble metals as insoluble carbonates. Such carbonates are smaller, often of nanoscale dimensions, than metal carbonates synthesized abiotically which infers that fungal excreted products can markedly affect particle size. In this work, it was found that amino acid excretion was a significant factor in affecting the particle size of copper carbonate. Eleven different amino acids were found to be secreted by Neurospora crassa, and L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid and L-cysteine were chosen to examine the impact of amino acids on the morphology and chemical composition of copper carbonate minerals. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the obtained copper carbonate samples. Copper carbonate nanoparticles with a diameter of 100-200 nm were produced with L-glutamic acid, and the presence of L-glutamic acid was found to stabilize these particles in the early phase of crystal growth and prevent them from aggregation. FTIR and TG analysis revealed that the amino acid moieties were intimately associated with the copper mineral particles. Component analysis of the final products of TG analysis of the copper minerals synthesized under various conditions showed the ultimate formation of Cu, Cu2O and Cu2S, suggesting a novel synthesis method for producing these useful Cu-containing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixue Liu
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Laszlo Csetenyi
- Concrete Technology Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
| | - Geoffrey Michael Gadd
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.
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5
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Akyüz E, Şen FB, Bener M, Başkan KS, Tütem E, Apak R. Protein-Protected Gold Nanocluster-Based Biosensor for Determining the Prooxidant Activity of Natural Antioxidant Compounds. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:2455-2462. [PMID: 31459484 PMCID: PMC6648775 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, chicken egg white protein (CEW)-protected gold nanoclusters (CEW-AuNCs) were prepared from CEW and HAuCl4 to measure the Cu(II)-induced prooxidant activity of antioxidant compounds such as epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, catechin, rosmarinic acid, resveratrol, ascorbic acid, and glutathione. These compounds reduced Cu(II) to Cu(I), and the latter was mainly bound to thiol groups in the CEW-AuNC structure. As the protein-bound Cu(I) may act as a catalytic center for generating reactive oxygen species, the Cu(II) reducing ability of antioxidants is an indirect measure of their prooxidant potency. The bound Cu(I) may be released with the cuprous-selective ligand neocuproine (Nc), forming the basis of a spectrophotometric method measuring absorbance at 450 nm wavelength of the Cu(I)-Nc chelate. The developed method involved a one-pot synthesis and determination without preseparation and was applied to binary synthetic mixtures of studied antioxidant compounds and to certain herbal plant (green tea, linden, echinacea, and artichoke leaf) extracts to determine the total prooxidant activities. The obtained results were statistically compared with those of the literature Cu(II)-Nc assay using a calcium proteinate-based solid biosensor. The developed biosensor was durable, reliable, easily applicable, and of low cost and wide linear range and could determine the prooxidant activities of natural antioxidant samples with high reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Akyüz
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul
University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Furkan Burak Şen
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul
University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bener
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul
University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kevser Sözgen Başkan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul
University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esma Tütem
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul
University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul
University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
- Turkish
Academy of Sciences (TUBA), Piyade St. No: 27, Çankaya, Ankara 06690, Turkey
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6
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder without a cure. Most AD cases are sporadic where age represents the greatest risk factor. Lack of understanding of the disease mechanism hinders the development of efficacious therapeutic approaches. The loss of synapses in the affected brain regions correlates best with cognitive impairment in AD patients and has been considered as the early mechanism that precedes neuronal loss. Oxidative stress has been recognized as a contributing factor in aging and in the progression of multiple neurodegenerative diseases including AD. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with age- and disease-dependent loss of mitochondrial function, altered metal homeostasis, and reduced antioxidant defense directly affect synaptic activity and neurotransmission in neurons leading to cognitive dysfunction. In addition, molecular targets affected by ROS include nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, lipids, proteins, calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics and function, cellular architecture, receptor trafficking and endocytosis, and energy homeostasis. Abnormal cellular metabolism in turn could affect the production and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein, which independently could exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production, thereby contributing to a vicious cycle. While mounting evidence implicates ROS in the AD etiology, clinical trials with antioxidant therapies have not produced consistent results. In this review, we will discuss the role of oxidative stress in synaptic dysfunction in AD, innovative therapeutic strategies evolved based on a better understanding of the complexity of molecular mechanisms of AD, and the dual role ROS play in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tönnies
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eugenia Trushina
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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7
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Boilan E, Winant V, Dumortier E, ElMoualij B, Quatresooz P, Osiewacz HD, Debacq-Chainiaux F, Toussaint O. Role of Prion protein in premature senescence of human fibroblasts. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 170:106-113. [PMID: 28800967 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Prion protein (PrP) is essentially known for its capacity to induce neurodegenerative prion diseases in mammals caused by a conformational change in its normal cellular isoform (PrPC) into an infectious and disease-associated misfolded form, called scrapie isoform (PrPSc). Although its sequence is highly conserved, less information is available on its physiological role under normal conditions. However, increasing evidence supports a role for PrPC in the cellular response to oxidative stress. In the present study, a new link between PrP and senescence is highlighted. The role of PrP in premature senescence induced by copper was investigated. WI-38 human fibroblasts were incubated with copper sulfate (CuSO4) to trigger premature senescence. This induced an increase of PrP mRNA level, an increase of protein abundance of the normal form of PrP and a nuclear localization of the protein. Knockdown of PrP expression using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) gave rise to appearance of several biomarkers of senescence as a senescent morphology, an increase of senescence associated β-galactosidase activity and a decrease of the cellular proliferative potential. Overall these data suggest that PrP protects cells against premature senescence induced by copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Boilan
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC) - Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur, Belgium.
| | - Virginie Winant
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC) - Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur, Belgium
| | - Elise Dumortier
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC) - Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur, Belgium
| | | | | | - Heinz D Osiewacz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florence Debacq-Chainiaux
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC) - Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur, Belgium.
| | - Olivier Toussaint
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC) - Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur, Belgium
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8
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Wang P, Wang ZY. Metal ions influx is a double edged sword for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:265-290. [PMID: 27829171 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common form of dementia in aged people, which is defined by two pathological characteristics: β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Although the mechanisms of AD development are still being debated, a series of evidence supports the idea that metals, such as copper, iron, zinc, magnesium and aluminium, are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In particular, the processes of Aβ deposition in senile plaques (SP) and the inclusion of phosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are markedly influenced by alterations in the homeostasis of the aforementioned metal ions. Moreover, the mechanisms of oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, neurotoxicity, autophagy and apoptosis mediate the effects of metal ions-induced the aggregation state of Aβ and phosphorylated tau on AD development. More importantly, imbalance of these mechanisms finally caused cognitive decline in different experiment models. Collectively, reconstructing the signaling network that regulates AD progression by metal ions may provide novel insights for developing chelators specific for metal ions to combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, PR China.
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, PR China.
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9
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Leduc J, Echaubard P, Trudeau V, Lesbarrères D. Copper and nickel effects on survival and growth of northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens) tadpoles in field-collected smelting effluent water. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:687-694. [PMID: 26329298 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Trace metals can have subtle yet chronic impacts on organisms by inducing physiological stress that reduces their survival or impedes their ability to tolerate additional environmental stressors. The toxicity literature indicates, however, that aquatic organisms react differently to trace metals depending on the environments in which they reside. The objective of the present study was to understand the response of northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens) larvae to ionic copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and their combination within an effluent water collected downstream of a tailings wetland area. Tadpoles were assigned randomly to 1 of 8 Cu concentrations (8-200 μg/L), 7 Ni concentrations (160-1200 μg/L), or 8 Cu and Ni combined concentrations (8:160-200:1200 μg/L) and showed significant differences in survival and life history traits among treatments. In the Cu and Cu and Ni combined treatments, tadpole survival decreased with increased Cu exposure starting at Cu = 160 μg/L and in the Ni treatment, tadpole survival decreased with increased Ni exposure starting at Ni = 650 μg/L. All Cu-exposed treatments induced a growth increase as the concentration increased, whereas the tadpoles showed a significant decrease in growth rate in Ni treatments. These contrasting outcomes suggest a plastic response to trace metals whereby tadpoles allocate energy reserves toward either escaping or coping with stress. Finally, the authors' argue that future studies will benefit from examining the impacts of multiple stressors in aquatic ecosystems to provide better environmental mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Leduc
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pierre Echaubard
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vance Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Lesbarrères
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Kawano T, Kagenishi T, Kadono T, Bouteau F, Hiramatsu T, Lin C, Tanaka K, Tanaka L, Mancuso S, Uezu K, Okobira T, Furukawa H, Iwase J, Inokuchi R, Baluška F, Yokawa K. Production and removal of superoxide anion radical by artificial metalloenzymes and redox-active metals. Commun Integr Biol 2016; 8:e1000710. [PMID: 27066179 PMCID: PMC4802810 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2014.1000710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation of reactive oxygen species is useful for various medical, engineering and agricultural purposes. These include clinical modulation of immunological mechanism, enhanced degradation of organic compounds released to the environments, removal of microorganisms for the hygienic purpose, and agricultural pest control; both directly acting against pathogenic microorganisms and indirectly via stimulation of plant defense mechanism represented by systemic acquired resistance and hypersensitive response. By aiming to develop a novel classes of artificial redox-active biocatalysts involved in production and/or removal of superoxide anion radicals, recent attempts for understanding and modification of natural catalytic proteins and functional DNA sequences of mammalian and plant origins are covered in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Kawano
- Graduate School and Faculty of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; International Photosynthesis Industrialization Research Center; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; University of Florence LINV Kitakyushu Research Center (LINV@Kitakyushu); Kitakyushu, Japan; LINV- DiSPAA; Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science; University of Florence; Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Univ Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute (PIERI); Paris, France
| | - Tomoko Kagenishi
- Graduate School and Faculty of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; Fukuoka Industry; Science & Technology Foundation (Fukuoka IST), Fukuoka, Japan; IZMB; University of Bonn; Bonn, Germany
| | - Takashi Kadono
- Graduate School and Faculty of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; Fukuoka Industry; Science & Technology Foundation (Fukuoka IST), Fukuoka, Japan; Present address: Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Science; Faculty of Agriculture; Kochi University; Kochi, Japan
| | - François Bouteau
- International Photosynthesis Industrialization Research Center; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; University of Florence LINV Kitakyushu Research Center (LINV@Kitakyushu); Kitakyushu, Japan; LINV- DiSPAA; Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science; University of Florence; Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Institut des Energies de Demain (FRE 3597), Paris, France
| | - Takuya Hiramatsu
- Graduate School and Faculty of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu ; Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Cun Lin
- Graduate School and Faculty of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; K2R Inc.; Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | | | - Stefano Mancuso
- International Photosynthesis Industrialization Research Center; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; University of Florence LINV Kitakyushu Research Center (LINV@Kitakyushu); Kitakyushu, Japan; LINV- DiSPAA; Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science; University of Florence; Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Univ Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute (PIERI); Paris, France
| | - Kazuya Uezu
- Graduate School and Faculty of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; International Photosynthesis Industrialization Research Center; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okobira
- Graduate School and Faculty of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; Fukuoka Industry; Science & Technology Foundation (Fukuoka IST), Fukuoka, Japan; Present address: Ariake National College of Technology; Omuta Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroka Furukawa
- Graduate School and Faculty of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu ; Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Junichiro Iwase
- Graduate School and Faculty of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; LINV- DiSPAA; Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science; University of Florence; Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Present address: Collaboration center; Kyushu Institute of Technology; Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Reina Inokuchi
- Graduate School and Faculty of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu ; Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Frantisek Baluška
- International Photosynthesis Industrialization Research Center; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; LINV- DiSPAA; Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science; University of Florence; Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; IZMB; University of Bonn; Bonn, Germany
| | - Ken Yokawa
- Graduate School and Faculty of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; International Photosynthesis Industrialization Research Center; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan; Fukuoka Industry; Science & Technology Foundation (Fukuoka IST), Fukuoka, Japan; IZMB; University of Bonn; Bonn, Germany
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11
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An improved Bathocuproine assay for accurate valence identification and quantification of copper bound by biomolecules. Anal Biochem 2015; 497:27-35. [PMID: 26743717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential metal in all organisms. Reliably quantifying and identifying the copper content and oxidation state is crucial, since the information is essential to understanding protein structure and function. Chromophoric ligands, such as Bathocuproine (BC) and its water-soluble analog, Bathocuproinedisulfonic acid (BCS), preferentially bind Cu(I) over Cu(II), and therefore have been widely used as optical probes to determine the oxidation state of copper bound by biomolecules. However, the BCS assay is commonly misused, leading to erroneous conclusions regarding the role of copper in biological processes. By measuring the redox potential of Cu(II)-BCS2 and conducting UV-vis absorption measurements in the presence of oxidizable amino acids, the thermodynamic origin of the potential artifacts becomes evident. The BCS assay was improved by introducing a strong Cu(II) chelator EDTA prior to the addition of BCS to prevent interference that might arise from Cu(II) present in the sample. The strong Cu(II) chelator rids of all the potential errors inherent in the conventional BCS assay. Applications of the improved assay to peptides and protein containing oxidizable amino acid residues confirm that free Cu(II) no longer leads to artifacts, thereby resolving issues related to this persistently misused colorimetric assay of Cu(I) in biological systems.
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12
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Evidence of two oxidation states of copper during aggregation of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL). Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 76:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Zimmerman MT, Bayse CA, Ramoutar RR, Brumaghim JL. Sulfur and selenium antioxidants: challenging radical scavenging mechanisms and developing structure-activity relationships based on metal binding. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 145:30-40. [PMID: 25600984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Because sulfur and selenium antioxidants can prevent oxidative damage, numerous animal and clinical trials have investigated the ability of these compounds to prevent the oxidative stress that is an underlying cause of cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer, among others. One of the most common sources of oxidative damage is metal-generated hydroxyl radical; however, very little research has focused on determining the metal-binding abilities and structural attributes that affect oxidative damage prevention by sulfur and selenium compounds. In this review, we describe our ongoing investigations into sulfur and selenium antioxidant prevention of iron- and copper-mediated oxidative DNA damage. We determined that many sulfur and selenium compounds inhibit Cu(I)-mediated DNA damage and that DNA damage prevention varies dramatically when Fe(II) is used in place of Cu(I) to generate hydroxyl radical. Oxidation potentials of the sulfur or selenium compounds do not correlate with their ability to prevent DNA damage, highlighting the importance of metal coordination rather than reactive oxygen species scavenging as an antioxidant mechanism. Additional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and UV-visible studies confirmed sulfur and selenium antioxidant binding to Cu(I) and Fe(II). Ultimately, our studies established that both the hydroxyl-radical-generating metal ion and the chemical environment of the sulfur or selenium significantly affect DNA damage prevention and that metal coordination is an essential mechanism for these antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig A Bayse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Ria R Ramoutar
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA
| | - Julia L Brumaghim
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA.
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The assessment of cholinesterase from the liver of Puntius javanicus as detection of metal ions. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:571094. [PMID: 25401148 PMCID: PMC4225846 DOI: 10.1155/2014/571094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crude extract of ChE from the liver of Puntius javanicus was purified using procainamide-sepharyl 6B. S-Butyrylthiocholine iodide (BTC) was selected as the specific synthetic substrate for this assay with the highest maximal velocity and lowest biomolecular constant at 53.49 µmole/min/mg and 0.23 mM, respectively, with catalytic efficiency ratio of 0.23. The optimum parameter was obtained at pH 7.5 and optimal temperature in the range of 25 to 30°C. The effect of different storage condition was assessed where ChE activity was significantly decreased after 9 days of storage at room temperature. However, ChE activity showed no significant difference when stored at 4.0, 0, and −25°C for 15 days. Screening of heavy metals shows that chromium, copper, and mercury strongly inhibited P. javanicus ChE by lowering the activity below 50%, while several pairwise combination of metal ions exhibited synergistic inhibiting effects on the enzyme which is greater than single exposure especially chromium, copper, and mercury. The results showed that P. javanicus ChE has the potential to be used as a biosensor for the detection of metal ions.
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15
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Huang W, Wei W, Shen Z. Drug-like chelating agents: a potential lead for Alzheimer's disease. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09193k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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16
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Copper-induced structural propensities of the amyloidogenic region of human prion protein. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:635-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Schluesener JK, Schluesener H. Plant polyphenols in the treatment of age-associated diseases: revealing the pleiotropic effects of icariin by network analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:49-60. [PMID: 24311544 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are a broad class of compounds. Some are ingested in substantial quantities from nutritional sources, more are produced by medicinal plants, and some of them are taken as drugs. It is becoming clear, that a single polyphenol is impacting several cellular pathways. Thus, a network approach is becoming feasible, describing the interaction of a single polyphenol with cellular networks. Here we have selected icariin to draw a prototypic network of icariin activities. Icariin appears to be a promising drug to treat major age-related diseases, like neurodegeneration, memory and depressive disorders, chronic inflammation, diabetes, and osteoporosis. It interacts with several relevant pathways, like PDE, TGF-ß, MAPK, PPAR, NOS, IGF, Sirtuin, and others. Such networks will be useful to future comparative studies of complex effects of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kevin Schluesener
- Division of Immunopathology of the Nervous System, Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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18
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Maiorana A, Marino T, Minicozzi V, Morante S, Russo N. A micro-environmental study of the Zn+2–Aβ1–16 structural properties. Biophys Chem 2013; 182:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Moshtaghie AA, Malekpouri P, Moshtaghie M, Mohammadi-Nejad M, Ani M. Protective effects of copper against aluminum toxicity on acetylcholinesterase and catecholamine contents of different regions of rat's brain. Neurol Sci 2013; 34:1639-50. [PMID: 23354609 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-013-1305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The probable protective effects of copper on the acetylcholinesterase activity and the catecholamine levels in cerebellum, cortex and mid-brain of rat, which was intoxicated by aluminum, were studied during short and long terms. In this respect, male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were received daily intraperitoneal doses of aluminum, copper and also combined doses of both metals for 15 days (Al 10 mg kg(-1) BW and Cu 1 mg kg(-1) BW), 30 days (Al 5 mg kg(-1) BW and Cu 0.5 mg kg(-1) BW) and 60 days (Al 1 mg kg(-1) BW and Cu 0.1 mg kg(-1) BW), respectively. The results obtained from the short period of exposure (15 days) showed that aluminum produced significant (P < 0.05) decreases in the acetylcholinesterase activity by 24.14, 23.30 and 25.81 %. Similarly, the catecholamine levels were reduced by 10.69, 12.25 and 12.64 % in cerebellum, cortex and mid-brain, respectively. Treatment with copper increases both acetylcholinesterase activity and catecholamine contents of cerebellum, cortex and mid-brain. Simultaneous injection of copper and aluminum increased both acetylcholinesterase activity and catecholamine contents in all three parts of rat brain when compared to aluminum-treated group. Same results were also observed following 30 and 60 days of exposures. In overall, it has been found that copper may have a protective-like ability to hinder aluminum toxicity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghar Moshtaghie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
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20
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Crespo I, Roomp K, Jurkowski W, Kitano H, del Sol A. Gene regulatory network analysis supports inflammation as a key neurodegeneration process in prion disease. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2012; 6:132. [PMID: 23068602 PMCID: PMC3607922 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-6-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background The activation of immune cells in the brain is believed to be one of the earliest events in prion disease development, where misfolded PrionSc protein deposits are thought to act as irritants leading to a series of events that culminate in neuronal cell dysfunction and death. The role of these events in prion disease though is still a matter of debate. To elucidate the mechanisms leading from abnormal protein deposition to neuronal injury, we have performed a detailed network analysis of genes differentially expressed in several mouse prion models. Results We found a master regulatory core of genes related to immune response controlling other genes involved in prion protein replication and accumulation, and neuronal cell death. This regulatory core determines the existence of two stable states that are consistent with the transcriptome analysis comparing prion infected versus uninfected mouse brain. An in silico perturbation analysis demonstrates that core genes are individually capable of triggering the transition and that the network remains locked once the diseased state is reached. Conclusions We hypothesize that this locking may be the cause of the sustained immune response observed in prion disease. Our analysis supports the hypothesis that sustained brain inflammation is the main pathogenic process leading to neuronal dysfunction and loss, which, in turn, leads to clinical symptoms in prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Crespo
- Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, 7, avenue des Hauts fourneaux, Luxembourg L-4362, Luxembourg
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21
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Domínguez RO, Marschoff ER, González SE, Repetto MG, Serra JA. Type 2 diabetes and/or its treatment leads to less cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 98:68-74. [PMID: 22658669 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the cognitive performance of a homogeneous population of Alzheimer's disease (AD), non-demented Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DIAB), demented with concomitant diseases (AD+DIAB) and healthy control subjects. AD is a progressive dementia disorder characterized clinically by impairment of memory, cognition and behavior. Recently, a major research interest in AD has been placed on early evaluation. Diabetes is one of the clinical conditions that represent the greatest risk of developing oxidative stress and dementia. Glucose overload, leading to the development of impaired-induced insulin secretion in DIAB and has been suggested to slow or deter AD pathogenesis. METHODS The degree of cognitive impairment was determined on the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-Cog) and the Folstein's Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE); the severity of dementia was quantified applying the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) test; the Hamilton test was employed to evaluate depressive conditions; the final population studied was 101 subjects. RESULTS The cognitive deterioration is statistically significantly lower (p<0.05) in AD+DIAB patients as compared with AD patients. CONCLUSIONS In this longitudinal study the superimposed diabetic condition was associated with a lower rate of cognitive decline, while diabetic non-demented patients and controls present normal scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl O Domínguez
- Sirio-Libanés Hospital, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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22
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Ghosh S, Pandey NK, Bhattacharya S, Roy A, Dasgupta S. Fibrillation of hen egg white lysozyme triggers reduction of copper(II). Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Kimani MM, Wang HC, Brumaghim JL. Investigating the copper coordination, electrochemistry, and Cu(ii) reduction kinetics of biologically relevant selone and thione compounds. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:5248-59. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt11731b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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24
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Masad A, Tabner BJ, Mayes J, Allsop D. The amylin peptide implicated in type 2 diabetes stimulates copper-mediated carbonyl group and ascorbate radical formation. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:869-75. [PMID: 21683137 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human amylin (hA), which is toxic to islet β-cells, can self-generate H(2)O(2), and this process is greatly enhanced in the presence of Cu(II) ions. Here we show that carbonyl groups, a marker of oxidative modification, were formed in hA incubated in the presence of Cu(II) ions or Cu(II) ions plus H(2)O(2), but not in the presence of H(2)O(2) alone. Furthermore, under similar conditions (i.e., in the presence of both Cu(II) ions and H(2)O(2)), hA also stimulated ascorbate radical formation. The same observations concerning carbonyl group formation were made when the histidine residue (at position 18) in hA was replaced by alanine, indicating that this residue does not play a key role. In complete contrast to hA, rodent amylin, which is nontoxic, does not generate H(2)O(2), and binds Cu(II) ions only weakly, showed none of these properties. We conclude that the hA-Cu(II)/Cu(I) complex is redox active, with electron donation from the peptide reducing the oxidation state of the copper ions. The complex is capable of forming H(2)O(2) from O(2) and can also generate (•)OH via Fenton chemistry. These redox properties of hA can explain its ability to stimulate copper-mediated carbonyl group and ascorbate radical formation. The formation of reactive oxygen species from hA in this way could hold the key to a better understanding of the damaging consequences of amyloid formation within the pancreatic islets of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef Masad
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
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25
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Vagliasindi LI, Arena G, Bonomo RP, Pappalardo G, Tabbì G. Copper complex species within a fragment of the N-terminal repeat region in opossum PrP protein. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:2441-50. [PMID: 21283898 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01425g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura I Vagliasindi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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26
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Lorca RA, Varela-Nallar L, Inestrosa NC, Huidobro-Toro JP. The Cellular Prion Protein Prevents Copper-Induced Inhibition of P2 X4Receptors. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:706576. [PMID: 22114745 PMCID: PMC3202100 DOI: 10.4061/2011/706576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the physiological function of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) remains unknown, several evidences support the notion of its role in copper homeostasis. PrPC binds Cu2+ through a domain composed by four to five repeats of eight amino acids. Previously, we have shown that the perfusion of this domain prevents and reverses the inhibition by Cu2+ of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-evoked currents in the P2X4 receptor subtype, highlighting a modulatory role for PrPC in synaptic transmission through regulation of Cu2+ levels. Here, we study the effect of full-length PrPC in Cu2+ inhibition of P2X4 receptor when both are coexpressed. PrPC expression does not significantly change the ATP concentration-response curve in oocytes expressing P2X4 receptors. However, the presence of PrPC reduces the inhibition by Cu2+ of the ATP-elicited currents in these oocytes, confirming our previous observations with the Cu2+ binding domain. Thus, our observations suggest a role for PrPC in modulating synaptic activity through binding of extracellular Cu2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón A. Lorca
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Lorena Varela-Nallar
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C. Inestrosa
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - J. Pablo Huidobro-Toro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
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Pinto LD, Puppin PA, Behring VM, Flinker DH, Mercê ALR, Mangrich AS, Rey NA, Felcman J. Solution and solid state study of copper(II) ternary complexes containing amino acids of interest for brain biochemistry – 1: Aspartic or glutamic acids with methionine or cysteine. Inorganica Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Babich PS, Tsymbalenko NV, Klotchenko SA, Platonova NA, Masalova OO, Zatulovski EA, Shavlovskii MM, Sapronov NS, Puchkova LV. Effect of a Deficiency of Ceruloplasmin Copper in Blood Plasma on Copper Metabolism in the Brain. Bull Exp Biol Med 2010; 148:592-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-010-0772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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29
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Babich PS, Tsymbalenko NV, Masalova OO, Platonova NA, Shavlovskii MM, Puchkova LV, Sapronov NS. Changes in copper metabolism in different compartments of the brain in rats with induced fibrillogenesis. Bull Exp Biol Med 2009; 148:217-22. [PMID: 20027333 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-009-0662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillogenesis was induced in rats by injection of a fragment of neurotoxic protein, beta-amyloid protein precursor, into the cerebral ventricle. Copper, iron, and zinc concentrations and relative activities of genes of copper-transporting protein and extracellular and intracellular cuproenzymes were evaluated in different brain compartments of these animals. Copper and zinc concentrations decreased significantly in different compartments of the brain of rats with experimental fibrillogenesis, while iron content did not change. According to the data of RT-PCR analysis, activities of genes of copper-transporting protein and extracellular coenzyme decreased. The expression of intracellular cuproenzyme genes and the content of SOD1 protein did not change, SOD1 activity in the cytosol decreased, and active SOD1 was detected in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. The relationship between fibrillogenesis and copper metabolism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Babich
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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30
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Copper in the brain and Alzheimer’s disease. J Biol Inorg Chem 2009; 15:61-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-009-0600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tabner BJ, Turnbull S, King JE, Benson FE, El-Agnaf OMA, Allsop D. A spectroscopic study of some of the peptidyl radicals formed following hydroxyl radical attack on β-amyloid and α-synuclein. Free Radic Res 2009; 40:731-9. [PMID: 16984000 DOI: 10.1080/10715760600632545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
There is clear evidence implicating oxidative stress in the pathology of many neurodegenerative diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the primary mediators of oxidative stress, and hydrogen peroxide, a key ROS, is generated during aggregation of the amyloid proteins associated with some of these diseases. Hydrogen peroxide is catalytically converted to the aggressive hydroxyl radical in the presence of Fe(II) and Cu(I), which renders amyloidogenic proteins such as beta-amyloid and alpha-synuclein (implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), respectively) vulnerable to self-inflicted hydroxyl radical attack. Here, we report some of the peptide-derived radicals, detected by electron spin resonance spectroscopy employing sodium 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzenesulfonate as a spin-trap, following hydroxyl radical attack on Abeta(1-40), alpha-synuclein and some other related peptides. Significantly, we found that sufficient hydrogen peroxide was self-generated during the early stages of aggregation of Abeta(1-40) to produce detectable peptidyl radicals, on addition of Fe(II). Our results support the hypothesis that oxidative damage to Abeta (and surrounding molecules) in the brain in AD could be due, at least in part, to the self-generation of ROS. A similar mechanism could operate in PD and some other "protein conformational" disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Tabner
- Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
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32
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Alzheimer's disease, metal ions and metal homeostatic therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2009; 30:346-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Beta amyloid peptide: from different aggregation forms to the activation of different biochemical pathways. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2009; 39:877-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-009-0439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yokawa K, Kagenishi T, Goto K, Kawano T. Free tyrosine and tyrosine-rich peptide-dependent superoxide generation catalyzed by a copper-binding, threonine-rich neurotoxic peptide derived from prion protein. Int J Biol Sci 2009; 5:53-63. [PMID: 19158988 PMCID: PMC2615546 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, generation of superoxide anion (O(2)(*-)) catalyzed by Cu-binding peptides derived from human prion protein (model sequence for helical Cu-binding motif VNITKQHTVTTTT was most active) in the presence of catecholamines and related aromatic monoamines such as phenylethylamine and tyramine, has been reported [Kawano, T., Int J Biol Sci 2007; 3: 57-63]. The peptide sequence (corresponding to helix 2) tested here is known as threonine-rich neurotoxic peptide. In the present article, the redox behaviors of aromatic monoamines, 20 amino acids and prion-derived tyrosine-rich peptide sequences were compared as putative targets of the oxidative reactions mediated with the threonine-rich prion-peptide. For detection of O(2)(*-), an O(2)(*-)-specific chemiluminescence probe, Cypridina luciferin analog was used. We found that an aromatic amino acid, tyrosine (structurally similar to tyramine) behaves as one of the best substrates for the O(2)(*-) generating reaction (conversion from hydrogen peroxide) catalyzed by Cu-bound prion helical peptide. Data suggested that phenolic moiety is required to be an active substrate while the presence of neither carboxyl group nor amino group was necessarily required. In addition to the action of free tyrosine, effect of two tyrosine-rich peptide sequences YYR and DYEDRYYRENMHR found in human prion corresponding to the tyrosine-rich region was tested as putative substrates for the threonine-rich neurotoxic peptide. YYR motif (found twice in the Y-rich region) showed 2- to 3-fold higher activity compared to free tyrosine. Comparison of Y-rich sequence consisted of 13 amino acids and its Y-to-F substitution mutant sequence revealed that the tyrosine-residues on Y-rich peptide derived from prion may contribute to the higher production of O(2)(*-). These data suggest that the tyrosine residues on prion molecules could be additional targets of the prion-mediated reactions through intra- or inter-molecular interactions. Lastly, possible mechanism of O(2)(*-) generation and the impacts of such self-redox events on the conformational changes in prion are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Yokawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
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35
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Can copper binding to the prion protein generate a misfolded form of the protein? Biometals 2009; 22:159-75. [PMID: 19140013 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-008-9196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 12/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The native prion protein (PrP) has a two domain structure, with a globular folded alpha-helical C-terminal domain and a flexible extended N-terminal region. The latter can selectively bind Cu(2+) via four His residues in the octarepeat (OR) region, as well as two sites (His96 and His111) outside this region. In the disease state, the folded C-terminal domain of PrP undergoes a conformational change, forming amorphous aggregates high in beta-sheet content. Cu(2+) bound to the ORs can be redox active and has been shown to induce cleavage within the OR region, a process requiring conserved Trp residues. Using computational modeling, we have observed that electron transfer from Trp residues to copper can be favorable. These models also reveal that an indole-based radical cation or Cu(+) can initiate reactions leading to protein backbone cleavage. We have also demonstrated, by molecular dynamics simulations, that Cu(2+) binding to the His96 and His111 residues in the remaining PrP N-terminal fragment can induce localized beta-sheet structure, allowing us to suggest a potential mechanism for the initiation of beta-sheet misfolding in the C-terminal domain by Cu(2+).
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Bellingham SA, Coleman LA, Masters CL, Camakaris J, Hill AF. Regulation of prion gene expression by transcription factors SP1 and metal transcription factor-1. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:1291-301. [PMID: 18990686 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m804755200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are associated with the conformational conversion of the host-encoded cellular prion protein into an abnormal pathogenic isoform. Reduction in prion protein levels has potential as a therapeutic approach in treating these diseases. Key targets for this goal are factors that affect the regulation of the prion protein gene. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies have suggested a role for prion protein in copper homeostasis. Copper can also induce prion gene expression in rat neurons. However, the mechanism involved in this regulation remains to be determined. We hypothesized that transcription factors SP1 and metal transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) may be involved in copper-mediated regulation of human prion gene. To test the hypothesis, we utilized human fibroblasts that are deleted or overexpressing the Menkes protein (MNK), a major mammalian copper efflux protein. Menkes deletion fibroblasts have high intracellular copper, whereas Menkes overexpressed fibroblasts have severely depleted intracellular copper. We have utilized this system previously to demonstrate copper-dependent regulation of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein. Here we demonstrate that copper depletion in MNK overexpressed fibroblasts decreases cellular prion protein and PRNP gene levels. Conversely, expression of transcription factors SP1 and/or MTF-1 significantly increases prion protein levels and up-regulates prion gene expression in copper-replete MNK deletion cells. Furthermore, siRNA "knockdown" of SP1 or MTF-1 in MNK deletion cells decreases prion protein levels and down-regulates prion gene expression. These data support a novel mechanism whereby SP1 and MTF-1 act as copper-sensing transcriptional activators to regulate human prion gene expression and further support a role for the prion protein to function in copper homeostasis. Expression of the prion protein is a vital component for the propagation of prion diseases; thus SP1 and MTF-1 represent new targets in the development of key therapeutics toward modulating the expression of the cellular prion protein and ultimately the prevention of prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayne A Bellingham
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Pushie MJ, Vogel HJ. A potential mechanism for Cu2+ reduction, beta-cleavage, and beta-sheet initiation within the N-terminal domain of the prion protein: insights from density functional theory and molecular dynamics calculations. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2009; 72:1040-1059. [PMID: 19697239 DOI: 10.1080/15287390903084389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The N-terminal region of the native human prion protein encompasses four highly conserved octarepeats that each contain a single His, Pro, Gln, and Trp residue as well as several Gly residues. At neutral pH these repeats are capable of individually binding copper (Cu(2+)) ions, involving the His side chain and the backbone amide of the Gly residues. In addition, the two His residues at positions 96 and 111 are also capable of binding Cu(2+). At low concentrations of the metal ion or at low pH, one Cu(2+) may be bound by multiple His residues of the four octarepeats. This complex is known to be redox active, while none of the other Cu(2+)-bound complexes are. Using density functional theory and molecular dynamics calculations data demonstrated how this form of the protein could reduce Cu(2+), through a process involving electron transfer from the Trp side chain. The reduced Cu gives rise to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can lead to beta-cleavage of the prion protein chain at any of the Gly residues around position 90. Protein fragments of lengths similar to those arising from beta-cleavage are predominantly found in both healthy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)-affected brains. Models of Cu binding to the His96 and His111 residues also indicate that different modes of Cu(2+) binding result in formation of stable beta-hairpin structures in this region of the protein. It is postulated that through interactions with the C-terminal part of the protein these hairpins may initiate misfolding and yield more stable beta-sheet structures that might associate in the same fashion with additional prion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jake Pushie
- Structural Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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38
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Bonomo RP, Pappalardo G, Rizzarelli E, Tabbì G, Vagliasindi LI. Studies of nitric oxide interaction with mono- and dinuclear copper(II) complexes of prion protein bis-octarepeat fragments. Dalton Trans 2008:3805-16. [PMID: 18629402 DOI: 10.1039/b719930a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of nitric oxide with copper(ii) complexes of two octarepeat sequences belonging to the prion protein was studied, considering both mononuclear and dinuclear systems, i.e. Cu-Ac-(PHGGGWGQ)(2)-NH(2) and Cu(2)-Ac-(PHGGGWGQ)(2)-NH(2), respectively. The NO interaction with both systems was followed in aqueous solutions at physiological pH value, by using UV-Vis and EPR spectroscopic techniques as well as cyclic voltammetry. The mechanism of NO interaction with the mononuclear copper complex can be considered similar to that previously observed for the analogous copper systems with Ac-HGGG-NH(2) and Ac-PHGGGWGQ-NH(2). A more complicated behaviour was found with the copper dinuclear system, in which the involvement of two different intermediate complex species was evidenced. A positive cooperativity between the two copper ions, in the reduction process was inferred. When working with a large excess of the Ac-(PHGGGWGQ)(2)-NH(2) ligand, the frozen-solution EPR parameters pertain to the well characterized [Cu(N(im))(4)](2+) unit, which did not exhibit any interaction with NO. The presence of a free coordination site is the necessary requirement for the NO interaction to occur, as found only in the square-pyramidal geometry of [Cu(L)H(-2)] or [Cu(2)(L)H(-4)] complex species, which form when copper and ligand concentrations are similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele P Bonomo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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Minicozzi V, Stellato F, Comai M, Serra MD, Potrich C, Meyer-Klaucke W, Morante S. Identifying the Minimal Copper- and Zinc-binding Site Sequence in Amyloid-β Peptides. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:10784-92. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m707109200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Kawano T. Prion-derived copper-binding peptide fragments catalyze the generation of superoxide anion in the presence of aromatic monoamines. Int J Biol Sci 2006; 3:57-63. [PMID: 17200692 PMCID: PMC1657085 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.3.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies have proposed two opposing roles for copper-bound forms of prion protein (PrP) as an anti-oxidant supporting the neuronal functions and as a pro-oxidant leading to neurodegenerative process involving the generation of reactive oxygen species. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis in which putative copper-binding peptides derived from PrP function as possible catalysts for monoamine-dependent conversion of hydrogen peroxide to superoxide in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four peptides corresponding to the copper (II)-binding motifs in PrP were synthesized and used for analysis of peptide-catalyzed generation of superoxide in the presence of Cu (II) and other factors naturally present in the neuronal tissues. RESULTS Among the Cu-binding peptides tested, the amino acid sequence corresponding to the Cu-binding site in the helical region was shown to be the most active for superoxide generation in the presence of Cu(II), hydrogen peroxide and aromatic monoamines, known precursors or intermediates of neurotransmitters. Among monoamines tested, three compounds namely phenylethylamine, tyramine and benzylamine were shown to be good substrates for superoxide-generating reactions by the Cu-bound helical peptide. CONCLUSIONS Possible roles for these reactions in development of prion disease were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Kawano
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan.
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41
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Raffa DF, Rickard GA, Rauk A. Ab initio modelling of the structure and redox behaviour of copper(I) bound to a His–His model peptide: relevance to the β-amyloid peptide of Alzheimer’s disease. J Biol Inorg Chem 2006; 12:147-64. [PMID: 17013614 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-006-0175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Accepted: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A contributing factor to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease is the generation of reactive oxygen species, most probably a consequence of the beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide coordinating copper ions. Experimental and theoretical results indicate that His13 and His14 are the two most firmly established ligands in the coordination sphere of Cu(II) bound to Abeta. Abeta1-42 is known to reduce Cu(II) to Cu(I). The Abeta-Cu(II) complex has been shown to catalytically generate H(2)O(2) from reducing agents and O(2). Cu(II) in the presence of Abeta has been reported to have a formal reduction potential of +0.72-0.77 V (vs. the standard hydrogen electrode). Quantum chemical calculations using the B3LYP hybrid density functional method with the 6-31G(d) basis set were performed to model the reduction of previously studied Cu(II) complexes representing the His13-His14 portion of Abeta (Raffa et al. in J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 10:887-902, 2005). The effects of solvation were accommodated using the CPCM method. The most stable complex between Cu(I) and the model compound, 3-(5-imidazolyl)propionylhistamine (1) involves tricoordinated Cu(I) in a distorted-T geometry, with the Npi of both imidazoles as well as the oxygen of the backbone carbonyl bound to copper. This model would be the most likely representation of a Cu(I) binding site for a His-His peptide in aqueous solution. A variety of possible redox processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duilio F Raffa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
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42
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Choi CJ, Kanthasamy A, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy AG. Interaction of metals with prion protein: Possible role of divalent cations in the pathogenesis of prion diseases. Neurotoxicology 2006; 27:777-87. [PMID: 16860868 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2006.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2006] [Revised: 06/03/2006] [Accepted: 06/03/2006] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that affect both humans and animals. The rapid clinical progression, change in protein conformation, cross-species transmission and massive neuronal degeneration are some key features of this devastating degenerative condition. Although the etiology is unknown, aberrant processing of cellular prion proteins is well established in the pathogenesis of prion diseases. Normal cellular prion protein (PrP(c)) is highly conserved in mammals and expressed predominantly in the brain. Nevertheless, the exact function of the normal prion protein in the CNS has not been fully elucidated. Prion proteins may function as a metal binding protein because divalent cations such as copper, zinc and manganese can bind to octapeptide repeat sequences in the N-terminus of PrP(c). Since the binding of these metals to the octapeptide has been proposed to influence both structural and functional properties of prion proteins, alterations in transition metal levels can alter the course of the disease. Furthermore, cellular antioxidant capacity is significantly compromised due to conversion of the normal prion protein (PrP(c)) to an abnormal scrapie prion (PrP(sc)) protein, suggesting that oxidative stress may play a role in the neurodegenerative process of prion diseases. The combination of imbalances in cellular transition metals and increased oxidative stress could further exacerbate the neurotoxic effect of PrP(sc). This review includes an overview of the structure and function of prion proteins, followed by the role of metals such as copper, manganese and iron in the physiological function of the PrP(c), and the possible role of transition metals in the pathogenesis of the prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Choi
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA
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43
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Liu M, Yu S, Yang J, Yin X, Zhao D. RNA and CuCl2 induced conformational changes of the recombinant ovine prion protein. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 294:197-203. [PMID: 16855791 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of neurodegenerative illnesses caused by conformational conversion of benign, alpha-helix rich cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) into the highly stable, beta-sheet rich scrapie prion protein (PrP(Sc)) isoform. To date, the role of RNA on the conformational conversion of ovine prion protein in vitro remains unknown. To examine the effect of the interaction between RNA and PrP(C), conformations of recombinant ovine prion protein PrP23-256 (OvPrP23-256) binding various concentrations of RNA were analyzed by circular dichroism (CD) spectrum. The results indicated that the conformational conversion of OvPrP23-256 was triggered by RNA with a decrease in alpha-helix content and increase in beta-sheet. Moreover, the conformation of OvPrP23-256 interacting with both RNA and CuCl2 was also examined by CD spectrum, which showed that alpha-helix content decreased while beta-sheet increased dramatically. Proteinase K digestion assay disclosed that the recombinant ovine PrP(C) acquired PK resistance after RNA and/or Cu2+ treatment. It confirmed that the RNA/Cu2+ treatment in vitro altered the biochemical properties of ovine PrP(C). The implication of this finding, with respect to PrP(Sc), is that a dysfunctional state of a normal physiological process possibly facilitates diseases. The information gained from this study may provide useful approaches to study the pathogenesis of prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Liu
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu 2, Beijing, 100094, China
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44
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Smith DP, Smith DG, Curtain CC, Boas JF, Pilbrow JR, Ciccotosto GD, Lau TL, Tew DJ, Perez K, Wade JD, Bush AI, Drew SC, Separovic F, Masters CL, Cappai R, Barnham KJ. Copper-mediated Amyloid-β Toxicity Is Associated with an Intermolecular Histidine Bridge. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:15145-54. [PMID: 16595673 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m600417200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) is pivotal to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Here we report the formation of a toxic Abeta-Cu2+ complex formed via a histidine-bridged dimer, as observed at Cu2+/peptide ratios of >0.6:1 by EPR spectroscopy. The toxicity of the Abeta-Cu2+ complex to cultured primary cortical neurons was attenuated when either the pi -or tau-nitrogen of the imidazole side chains of His were methylated, thereby inhibiting formation of the His bridge. Toxicity did not correlate with the ability to form amyloid or perturb the acyl-chain region of a lipid membrane as measured by diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene anisotropy, but did correlate with lipid peroxidation and dityrosine formation. 31P magic angle spinning solid-state NMR showed that Abeta and Abeta-Cu2+ complexes interacted at the surface of a lipid membrane. These findings indicate that the generation of the Abeta toxic species is modulated by the Cu2+ concentration and the ability to form an intermolecular His bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Smith
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Neuroscience, and School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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45
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Gaggelli E, Kozlowski H, Valensin D, Valensin G. Copper Homeostasis and Neurodegenerative Disorders (Alzheimer's, Prion, and Parkinson's Diseases and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis). Chem Rev 2006; 106:1995-2044. [PMID: 16771441 DOI: 10.1021/cr040410w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1220] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gaggelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
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46
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Stellato F, Menestrina G, Serra MD, Potrich C, Tomazzolli R, Meyer-Klaucke W, Morante S. Metal binding in amyloid β-peptides shows intra- and inter-peptide coordination modes. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2006; 35:340-51. [PMID: 16404590 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-005-0041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Revised: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 12/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy data show different metal binding site structures in beta-amyloid peptides according to whether they are complexed with Cu(2+) or Zn(2+) ions. While the geometry around copper is stably consistent with an intra-peptide binding with three metal-coordinated Histidine residues, the zinc coordination mode depends on specific solution conditions. In particular, different sample preparations are seen to lead to different geometries around the absorber that are compatible with either an intra- or an inter-peptide coordination mode. This result reinforces the hypothesis that assigns different physiological roles to the two metals, with zinc favoring peptide aggregation and, as a consequence, plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Stellato
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata" INFM and INFN, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
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47
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Varela-Nallar L, Toledo EM, Larrondo LF, Cabral ALB, Martins VR, Inestrosa NC. Induction of cellular prion protein gene expression by copper in neurons. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2006; 290:C271-81. [PMID: 16148034 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00160.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases are caused by the conformational transition of the native alpha-helical cellular prion protein (PrPC) into a beta-sheet pathogenic isoform. However, the normal physiological function of PrPC remains elusive. We report herein that copper induces PrPC expression in primary hippocampal and cortical neurons. PrPC induced by copper has a normal glycosylation pattern, is proteinase K-sensitive and reaches the cell surface attached by a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchor. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that copper induces PrPC levels in the cell surface and in an intracellular compartment that we identified as the Golgi complex. In addition, copper induced the activity of a reporter vector driven by the rat PrPC gene (Prnp) promoter stably transfected into PC12 cells, whereas no effect was observed in glial C6 clones. Also cadmium, but not zinc or manganese, upregulated Prnp promoter activity in PC12 clones. Progressive deletions of the promoter revealed that the region essential for copper modulation contains a putative metal responsive element. Although electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated nuclear protein binding to this element, supershift analysis showed that this is not a binding site for the metal responsive transcription factor-1 (MTF-1). The MTF-1-independent transcriptional activation of Prnp is supported by the lack of Prnp promoter activation by zinc. These findings demonstrate that Prnp expression is upregulated by copper in neuronal cells by an MTF-1-independent mechanism, and suggest a metal-specific modulation of Prnp in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Varela-Nallar
- CRCP, Biomedical Center, P. Catholic Univ. of Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
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48
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Inestrosa NC, Cerpa W, Varela-Nallar L. Copper brain homeostasis: role of amyloid precursor protein and prion protein. IUBMB Life 2005; 57:645-50. [PMID: 16203684 DOI: 10.1080/15216540500264620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The main proteins associated with Alzheimer's and prion diseases (amyloid precursor protein (APP) and prion protein (PrP(C)), respectively, have binding sites for copper and it has therefore been suggested that they play a role in copper metabolism. Here, we review evidence indicating that the copper binding domains (CuBD) of APP and PrP(C) are able to modulate the oxidation state of copper, and prevent neurotoxic effects and memory impairments induced by copper. Results with transgenic and other animal models have established the relation between these pathogenic proteins and copper. In particular, APP transgenic models, suggest a beneficial effect for copper in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Regulacion Celular y Patología Joaquin V. Luco (CRCP), MIFAB, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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49
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Tabner BJ, El-Agnaf OMA, Turnbull S, German MJ, Paleologou KE, Hayashi Y, Cooper LJ, Fullwood NJ, Allsop D. Hydrogen Peroxide Is Generated during the Very Early Stages of Aggregation of the Amyloid Peptides Implicated in Alzheimer Disease and Familial British Dementia. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:35789-92. [PMID: 16141213 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c500238200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease and familial British dementia are neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized by the presence of numerous amyloid plaques in the brain. These lesions contain fibrillar deposits of the beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) and the British dementia peptide (ABri), respectively. Both peptides are toxic to cells in culture, and there is increasing evidence that early "soluble oligomers" are the toxic entity rather than mature amyloid fibrils. The molecular mechanisms responsible for this toxicity are not clear, but in the case of Abeta, one prominent hypothesis is that the peptide can induce oxidative damage via the formation of hydrogen peroxide. We have developed a reliable method, employing electron spin resonance spectroscopy in conjunction with the spin-trapping technique, to detect any hydrogen peroxide generated during the incubation of Abeta and other amyloidogenic peptides. Here, we monitored levels of hydrogen peroxide accumulation during different stages of aggregation of Abeta-(1-40) and ABri and found that in both cases it was generated as a short "burst" early on in the aggregation process. Ultrastructural studies with both peptides revealed that structures resembling "soluble oligomers" or "protofibrils" were present during this early phase of hydrogen peroxide formation. Mature amyloid fibrils derived from Abeta-(1-40) did not generate hydrogen peroxide. We conclude that hydrogen peroxide formation during the early stages of protein aggregation may be a common mechanism of cell death in these (and possibly other) neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Tabner
- Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
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50
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Cerpa W, Varela-Nallar L, Reyes AE, Minniti AN, Inestrosa NC. Is there a role for copper in neurodegenerative diseases? Mol Aspects Med 2005; 26:405-20. [PMID: 16112188 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2005.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential metal in living organisms; thus, the maintenance of adequate copper levels is of vital importance and is highly regulated. Dysfunction of copper metabolism leading to its excess or deficiency results in severe ailments. Two examples of illnesses related to alterations in copper metabolism are Menkes and Wilson diseases. Several proteins are involved in the maintenance of copper homeostasis, including copper transporters and metal chaperones. In the last several years, the beta-amyloid-precursor protein (beta-APP) and the prion protein (PrP(C)), which are related to the neurodegenerative disorders Alzheimer and prion diseases respectively, have been associated with copper metabolism. Both proteins bind copper through copper-binding domains that also have been shown to reduce copper in vitro. Moreover, this ability to reduce copper is associated with a neuroprotective effect exerted by the copper-binding domain of both proteins against copper in vivo. In addition to a functional link between copper and beta-APP or PrP(C), evidence suggests that copper has a role in Alzheimer and prion diseases. Here, we review the evidence that supports both, the role of beta-APP and PrP(C), in copper metabolism and the putative role of copper in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldo Cerpa
- Centro de Regulacion Celular y Patología "Joaquin V. Luco" (CRCP), MIFAB, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
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