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Ismail MMF, Shawer TZ, Ibrahim RS, Allam RM, Ammar YA. Novel quinoxaline-based VEGFR-2 inhibitors to halt angiogenesis. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106735. [PMID: 37531818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 is a dynamic target for therapeutic intervention in various types of cancer. This study was aimed at exploring the VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity of a novel library of quinoxalin-2-one derivatives such as 3-furoquinoxaline carboxamides, 3-pyrazolylquinoxalines, and 3-pyridopyrimidyl-quinoxalines. Among them, 6c, 7a, and 7d-f produced remarkable cytotoxicity against HCT-116 (IC50's 4.28-9.31 µM) and MCF-7 (IC50's 3.57-7.57 µM) cell lines using the MTT assay and doxorubicin (DOX) as a reference standard. Interestingly, results of cytotoxicity towards the human fibroblast cell line WI38 revealed that these hits demonstrated higher selectivity indices towards both HCT-116 (SI 8.69-23.19) and MCF-7 (SI 9.48-27.80) than DOX, SI 0.72 and 0.90, respectively. Then, these hits were subjected to a mechanistic study; they showed direct inhibition of VEGFR-2. Impressively, compound 7f displayed 1.2 times the VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity of sorafenib. The antiangiogenic potential of 7f was proved via lowering the level of VEGF-A, than that of control. It as well, exhibited scratch closure percent of 61.8%, compared with 74.5% of control at 48 hrs, indicating the potential anti-migratory effect of the compound 7f. It significantly increased the expression of tumor suppressor gene (p53) on MCF-7 cells by almost 18 folds and upregulated the caspase-3 level by 10.7 folds, compared to the control. Cell cycle analysis revealed cell cycle arrest at G2/M together with a PreG increase which indicated apoptosis induction potential. Annexin V-FITC apoptosis results proposed the two modes of cell death (apoptosis and necrosis) as an inherent mechanism of cytotoxicity of compound 7f. Molecular docking further supported the mechanism showing the affinity of target compounds for VEGFR-2 active site. Moreover, physicochemical and drug-like properties were assessed from the ADME properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda M F Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), 11754 Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Taghreed Z Shawer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), 11754 Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), 11754 Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Allam
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical and Clinical Research Institute, National Research Centre, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yousry A Ammar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 11754 Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Zhou N, Zheng D, You Q, Chen T, Jiang J, Shen W, Zhang D, Liu J, Chen D, Hu K. Therapeutic Potential of Biochanin A in Herpes Simplex Keratitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1240. [PMID: 37765049 PMCID: PMC10536220 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is a blinding eye disease that is initiated by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Resistance to acyclovir (ACV) and the side effects of corticosteroid drugs have become concerning issues, so it is crucial to develop new antivirals for treating HSK. In this study, we report that biochanin A (BCA), a naturally occurring flavonoid compound, provides multifaceted protective effects with anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic activities to alleviate HSK. The results show that BCA significantly inhibited HSV-1 replication in vitro and further proved that BCA principally influenced the early stage of virus infection. We reveal that BCA downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory factors triggered by HSV-1, including TNF-α, RANTES, IL-1β and IL-6. Furthermore, BCA treatment alleviated oxidative stress and apoptotic arising from HSV-1 infection. Lastly, we induced HSK in male C57BL/6 mice and treated them with either BCA or phosphate buffer solution (PBS) eye drops. We observed the ocular surface lesions; determined the virus load in the tear fluid, corneas as well as trigeminal ganglions (TGs); and detected the levels of inflammation and apoptosis in the corneas simultaneously. These results show that BCA inhibits HSV-1 and alleviates the corneal lesion degree. Our study illustrates that BCA is a promising therapeutic approach for application in treating HSK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (N.Z.)
| | - Deyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qiao You
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Taige Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (N.Z.)
| | - Jiaxuan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (N.Z.)
| | - Wenhao Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (N.Z.)
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (N.Z.)
| | - Junpeng Liu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Deyan Chen
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; (N.Z.)
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Izquierdo-Aranda L, Adam R, Cabrero-Antonino JR. Silver Supported Nanoparticles on [Mg 4 Al-LDH] as an Efficient Catalyst for the α-Alkylation of Nitriles, Oxindoles and Other Carboxylic Acid Derivatives with Alcohols. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202300818. [PMID: 37486295 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
An efficient heterogeneous silver-catalyzed α-alkylation of nitriles and oxindoles using alcohols via borrowing hydrogen strategy has been developed for the first time. The active nanostructured material, namely [Ag/Mg4 Al-LDH], composed by silver nanoparticles (3-4 nm average particle size) homogeneously stabilized onto a [Mg4 Al-LDH] support with suitable Brønsted basic properties, constitutes a stable catalyst for the sustainable building of novel C-C bonds from alcohols and C-nucleophiles. By applying this catalyst, a broad range of α-functionalized nitriles and oxindoles has been accessed with good to excellent isolated yields and without the addition of external bases. Moreover, the novel silver nanocatalyst has also demonstrated its successful application to the cyclization of N-[2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]-2-phenylacetamides to afford 3-arylquinolin-2(1H)-ones, through a one-pot dehydrogenation and intramolecular α-alkylation. Control experiments, kinetic studies, and characterization data of a variety of [Ag/LDH]-type materials confirmed the silver role in the dehydrogenation and hydrogenation steps, while [Mg4 Al-LDH] matrix is able to catalyze condensation. Interestingly, these studies suggest as key point for the successful activity of [Ag/Mg4 Al-LDH], in comparison with other [Ag/LDH]-type nanocatalysts, the suitable acid-base properties of this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Izquierdo-Aranda
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politécnica de València-Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - Rosa Adam
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politécnica de València-Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, València, Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Jose R Cabrero-Antonino
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politécnica de València-Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, València, Spain
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4
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Bhat AA, Tandon N, Singh I, Tandon R. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) and antibacterial activity of pyrrolidine based hybrids: A review. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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5
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Bhat AA, Tandon N, Tandon R. Pyrrolidine derivatives as antibacterial agents, current status and future prospects: a patent review. Pharm Pat Anal 2022; 11:187-198. [PMID: 36366974 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are increasingly epitomizing major global health concerns, with rising death rates. Since the most complete assessment of the worldwide impact of antimicrobial resistance to date, with over 1.2 million people dead in 2019 as a direct result of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. The majority of antimicrobial drugs have been associated with a multitude of adverse effects including financial costs as well. Pyrrolidine derivatives have sparked the interest of researchers to create novel synthetic molecules with minimal side effect and drawbacks. To close the research gap, the current review discusses the synthetic compounds with active pyrrolidine scaffolds, critical findings and most crucially the structure-activity relationship that affects the activity of the ring over the last one and half decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeyaz A Bhat
- School of Chemical Engineering & Physical Science, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144402, Punjab
| | - Nitin Tandon
- School of Chemical Engineering & Physical Science, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144402, Punjab
| | - Runjhun Tandon
- School of Chemical Engineering & Physical Science, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144402, Punjab
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Sazali Hamzah A, Fazli Mohammat M, Wibowo A, Shaameri Z, Nur Ain Abdul Rashid F, Hidayah Pungot N. Five-Membered Nitrogen Heterocycles as New Lead Compounds in Drug Discovery. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-22-sr(r)7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Alanazi MM, Eissa IH, Alsaif NA, Obaidullah AJ, Alanazi WA, Alasmari AF, Albassam H, Elkady H, Elwan A. Design, synthesis, docking, ADMET studies, and anticancer evaluation of new 3-methylquinoxaline derivatives as VEGFR-2 inhibitors and apoptosis inducers. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1760-1782. [PMID: 34340610 PMCID: PMC8344243 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1956488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) plays a critical role in cancer angiogenesis. Inhibition of VEGFR-2 activity proved effective suppression of tumour propagation. Accordingly, two series of new 3-methylquinoxaline derivatives have been designed and synthesised as VEGFR-2 inhibitors. The synthesised derivatives were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxic activities against MCF-7and HepG2 cell lines. In addition, the VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities of the target compounds were estimated to indicate the potential mechanism of their cytotoxicity. To a great extent, the results of VEGFR-2 inhibition were highly correlated with that of cytotoxicity. Compound 27a was the most potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor with IC50 of 3.2 nM very close to positive control sorafenib (IC50 = 3.12 nM). Such compound exhibited a strong cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 and HepG2, respectively with IC50 of 7.7 and 4.5 µM in comparison to sorafenib (IC50 = 3.51 and 2.17 µM). In addition, compounds 28, 30f, 30i, and 31b exhibited excellent VEGFR-2 inhibition activities (IC50 range from 4.2 to 6.1 nM) with promising cytotoxic activity. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis induction were investigated for the most active member 27a. Also, the effect of 27a on the level of caspase-3, caspase-9, and BAX/Bcl-2 ratio was determined. Molecular docking studies were implemented to interpret the binding mode of the target compounds with the VEGFR-2 pocket. Furthermore, toxicity and ADMET calculations were performed for the synthesised compounds to study their pharmacokinetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim H. Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nawaf A. Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad J. Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam Albassam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Elwan
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Li Petri G, Raimondi MV, Spanò V, Holl R, Barraja P, Montalbano A. Pyrrolidine in Drug Discovery: A Versatile Scaffold for Novel Biologically Active Compounds. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:34. [PMID: 34373963 PMCID: PMC8352847 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-021-00347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The five-membered pyrrolidine ring is one of the nitrogen heterocycles used widely by medicinal chemists to obtain compounds for the treatment of human diseases. The great interest in this saturated scaffold is enhanced by (1) the possibility to efficiently explore the pharmacophore space due to sp3-hybridization, (2) the contribution to the stereochemistry of the molecule, (3) and the increased three-dimensional (3D) coverage due to the non-planarity of the ring-a phenomenon called "pseudorotation". In this review, we report bioactive molecules with target selectivity characterized by the pyrrolidine ring and its derivatives, including pyrrolizines, pyrrolidine-2-one, pyrrolidine-2,5-diones and prolinol described in the literature from 2015 to date. After a comparison of the physicochemical parameters of pyrrolidine with the parent aromatic pyrrole and cyclopentane, we investigate the influence of steric factors on biological activity, also describing the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the studied compounds. To aid the reader's approach to reading the manuscript, we have planned the review on the basis of the synthetic strategies used: (1) ring construction from different cyclic or acyclic precursors, reporting the synthesis and the reaction conditions, or (2) functionalization of preformed pyrrolidine rings, e.g., proline derivatives. Since one of the most significant features of the pyrrolidine ring is the stereogenicity of carbons, we highlight how the different stereoisomers and the spatial orientation of substituents can lead to a different biological profile of drug candidates, due to the different binding mode to enantioselective proteins. We believe that this work can guide medicinal chemists to the best approach in the design of new pyrrolidine compounds with different biological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Li Petri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Valeria Raimondi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Virginia Spanò
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ralph Holl
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paola Barraja
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
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9
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Fujita S, Imagawa K, Yamaguchi S, Yamasaki J, Yamazoe S, Mizugaki T, Mitsudome T. A nickel phosphide nanoalloy catalyst for the C-3 alkylation of oxindoles with alcohols. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10673. [PMID: 34021187 PMCID: PMC8140154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although transition metal phosphides are well studied as electrocatalysts and hydrotreating catalysts, the application of metal phosphides in organic synthesis is rare, and cooperative catalysis between metal phosphides and supports remains unexplored. Herein, we report that a cerium dioxide-supported nickel phosphide nanoalloy (nano-Ni2P/CeO2) efficiently promoted the C-3 alkylation of oxindoles with alcohols without any additives through the borrowing hydrogen methodology. Oxindoles were alkylated with various alcohols to provide the corresponding C-3 alkylated oxindoles in high yields. This is the first catalytic system for the C-3 alkylation of oxindoles with alcohols using a non-precious metal-based heterogeneous catalyst. The catalytic activity of nano-Ni2P/CeO2 was comparable to that reported for precious metal-based catalysts. Moreover, nano-Ni2P/CeO2 was easily recoverable and reusable without any significant loss of activity. Control experiments revealed that the Ni2P nanoalloy and the CeO2 support functioned cooperatively, leading to a high catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Fujita
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kohei Imagawa
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Sho Yamaguchi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Jun Yamasaki
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, 7-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamazoe
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tomoo Mizugaki
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takato Mitsudome
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
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Chinese Propolis Suppressed Pancreatic Cancer Panc-1 Cells Proliferation and Migration via Hippo-YAP Pathway. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092803. [PMID: 34068565 PMCID: PMC8126155 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant cancers with high mortality. Therefore, it is of great urgency to develop new agents that could improve the prognosis of Pancreatic cancer patients. Chinese propolis (CP), a flavonoid-rich beehive product, has been reported to have an anticancer effect. In this study, we applied CP to the human Pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1 to verify its impact on tumor development. CP induced apoptosis in Panc-1 cells from 12.5 µg/mL in a time- and dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of approximately 50 µg/mL. Apoptosis rate induced by CP was examined by Annexing FITC/PI assay. We found that 48 h treatment with 50 µg/mL CP resulted in 34.25 ± 3.81% apoptotic cells, as compared to 9.13 ± 1.76% in the control group. We further discovered that the Panc-1 cells tended to be arrested at G2/M phase after CP treatment, which is considered to contribute to the anti-proliferation effect of CP. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that CP suppressed Panc-1 cell migration by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Interestingly, the Hippo pathway was activated in Panc-1 cells after CP treatment, serving as a mechanism for the anti-pancreatic cancer effect of CP. These findings provide a possibility of beehive products as an alternative treatment for pancreatic cancer.
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Spanò V, Barreca M, Cilibrasi V, Genovese M, Renda M, Montalbano A, Galietta LJV, Barraja P. Evaluation of Fused Pyrrolothiazole Systems as Correctors of Mutant CFTR Protein. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051275. [PMID: 33652850 PMCID: PMC7956813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations that impair the function of the CFTR chloride channel. The most frequent mutation, F508del, causes misfolding and premature degradation of CFTR protein. This defect can be overcome with pharmacological agents named “correctors”. So far, at least three different classes of correctors have been identified based on the additive/synergistic effects that are obtained when compounds of different classes are combined together. The development of class 2 correctors has lagged behind that of compounds belonging to the other classes. It was shown that the efficacy of the prototypical class 2 corrector, the bithiazole corr-4a, could be improved by generating conformationally-locked bithiazoles. In the present study, we investigated the effect of tricyclic pyrrolothiazoles as analogues of constrained bithiazoles. Thirty-five compounds were tested using the functional assay based on the halide-sensitive yellow fluorescent protein (HS-YFP) that measured CFTR activity. One compound, having a six atom carbocyle central ring in the tricyclic pyrrolothiazole system and bearing a pivalamide group at the thiazole moiety and a 5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl carboxamide at the pyrrole ring, significantly increased F508del-CFTR activity. This compound could lead to the synthesis of a novel class of CFTR correctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Spanò
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (V.S.); (M.B.); (V.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Marilia Barreca
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (V.S.); (M.B.); (V.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Cilibrasi
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (V.S.); (M.B.); (V.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Michele Genovese
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Naples, Italy; (M.G.); (M.R.); (L.J.V.G.)
| | - Mario Renda
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Naples, Italy; (M.G.); (M.R.); (L.J.V.G.)
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (V.S.); (M.B.); (V.C.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-238-968-22
| | - Luis Juan Vicente Galietta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Naples, Italy; (M.G.); (M.R.); (L.J.V.G.)
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples, “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Barraja
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (V.S.); (M.B.); (V.C.); (P.B.)
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12
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Spanò V, Barreca M, Rocca R, Bortolozzi R, Bai R, Carbone A, Raimondi MV, Piccionello AP, Montalbano A, Alcaro S, Hamel E, Viola G, Barraja P. Insight on [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-e]isoindoles as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 212:113122. [PMID: 33401199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of [1,3]thiazolo[4,5-e]isoindoles has been synthesized through a versatile and high yielding multistep sequence. Evaluation of the antiproliferative activity of the new compounds on the full NCI human tumor cell line panel highlighted several compounds that are able to inhibit tumor cell proliferation at micromolar-submicromolar concentrations. The most active derivative 11g was found to cause cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and induce apoptosis in HeLa cells, following the mitochondrial pathway, making it a lead compound for the discovery of new antimitotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Spanò
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marilia Barreca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Rocca
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università Magna Græcia di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Academic Spinoff, Università Magna Græcia di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Bortolozzi
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Anna Carbone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Valeria Raimondi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Palumbo Piccionello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Net4Science srl, Academic Spinoff, Università Magna Græcia di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Græcia di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy; Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia, Università di Padova, via Giustiniani 2, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Paola Barraja
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
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13
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Spanò V, Rocca R, Barreca M, Giallombardo D, Montalbano A, Carbone A, Raimondi MV, Gaudio E, Bortolozzi R, Bai R, Tassone P, Alcaro S, Hamel E, Viola G, Bertoni F, Barraja P. Pyrrolo[2',3':3,4]cyclohepta[1,2- d][1,2]oxazoles, a New Class of Antimitotic Agents Active against Multiple Malignant Cell Types. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12023-12042. [PMID: 32986419 PMCID: PMC7901646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
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A new class of
pyrrolo[2′,3′:3,4]cyclohepta[1,2-d][1,2]oxazoles was
synthesized for the treatment of hyperproliferative pathologies, including neoplasms.
The new compounds were screened in the 60 human cancer cell lines of the NCI drug screen
and showed potent activity with GI50 values reaching the nanomolar level,
with mean graph midpoints of 0.08–0.41 μM. All compounds were further
tested on six lymphoma cell lines, and eight showed potent growth inhibitory effects
with IC50 values lower than 500 nM. Mechanism of action studies showed the
ability of the new [1,2]oxazoles to arrest cells in the G2/M phase in a concentration
dependent manner and to induce apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. The most
active compounds inhibited tubulin polymerization, with IC50 values of
1.9–8.2 μM, and appeared to bind to the colchicine site. The G2/M arrest
was accompanied by apoptosis, mitochondrial depolarization, generation of reactive
oxygen species, and PARP cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Spanò
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Rocca
- Net4Science srl, Academic Spinoff, Università Magna Græcia di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università Magna Græcia di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marilia Barreca
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.,Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Giallombardo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Valeria Raimondi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Bortolozzi
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università Magna Græcia di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Græcia di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.,Net4Science srl, Academic Spinoff, Università Magna Græcia di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy.,Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia, Università di Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Via Ospedale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Paola Barraja
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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14
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Li Petri G, Spanò V, Spatola R, Holl R, Raimondi MV, Barraja P, Montalbano A. Bioactive pyrrole-based compounds with target selectivity. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112783. [PMID: 32916311 PMCID: PMC7455853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of novel synthetic compounds with drug-like properties is an ongoing challenge in medicinal chemistry. Natural products have inspired the synthesis of compounds for pharmaceutical application, most of which are based on N-heterocyclic motifs. Among these, the pyrrole ring is one of the most explored heterocycles in drug discovery programs for several therapeutic areas, confirmed by the high number of pyrrole-based drugs reaching the market. In the present review, we focused on pyrrole and its hetero-fused derivatives with anticancer, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities, reported in the literature between 2015 and 2019, for which a specific target was identified, being responsible for their biological activity. It emerges that the powerful pharmaceutical and pharmacological features provided by the pyrrole nucleus as pharmacophore unit of many drugs are still recognized by medicinal chemists. Pyrrole nucleus is one of the most explored heterocycle in drug discovery. Pyrrole derivatives exhibit antitumor, antimicrobial and antiviral activities. Targets involved in their biological activities were identified. SAR to underline their most important features were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Li Petri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Virginia Spanò
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Spatola
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ralph Holl
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Valeria Raimondi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Paola Barraja
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
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15
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Synthesis and Bioactivity Assessment of Novel Spiro Pyrazole-Oxindole Congeners Exhibiting Potent and Selective in vitro Anticancer Effects. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051124. [PMID: 32138244 PMCID: PMC7179167 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aims to design and synthesize novel series of spiro pyrazole-3,3’-oxindoles analogues and investigate their bioactivity as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents, as well as antiproliferative potency against selected human cancerous cell lines (i.e., breast, MCF-7; colon, HCT-116 and liver, HepG-2) relative to healthy noncancerous control skin fibroblast cells (BJ-1). The mechanism of their cytotoxic activity has been also examined by immunoassaying the levels of key anti- and proapoptotic protein markers. The analytical and spectral data of the all synthesized target congeners were compatible with their structures. Synthesized compounds showed diverse moderate to powerful antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Results of MTT assay revealed that seven synthesized compounds (i.e., 11a, 11b, 12a, 12b, 13b, 13c and 13h) particularly exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the three cancerous cell lines under investigation. Ranges of IC50 values obtained were 5.7–21.3 and 5.8–37.4 µg/mL against HCT-116 and MCF-7, respectively; which is 3.8 and 6.5-fold (based on the least IC50 values) more significant relative to the reference chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. In HepG-2 cells, the analogue 13h exhibited the highest cytotoxicity with IC50 value of 19.2µg/mL relative to doxorubicin (IC50 = 21.6µg/mL). The observed cytotoxicity was specific to cancerous cells, as evidenced by the minimal toxicity in the noncancerous control skin-fibroblast cells. ELISA results indicated that the observed antiproliferative effect against examined cancer cell lines is mediated via engaging the activation of apoptosis as illustrated by the significant increase in proapoptotic protein markers (p53, bax and caspase-3) and reduction in the antiapoptotic marker bcl-2. Taken together, results of the present study emphasize the potential of spiro pyrazole-oxindole analogues as valuable candidate anticancer agents against human cancer cells.
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16
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Kaushal T, Srivastava G, Sharma A, Singh Negi A. An insight into medicinal chemistry of anticancer quinoxalines. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 27:16-35. [PMID: 30502116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quinoxalines are benzopyrazines containing benzene and pyrazine rings fused together. In the recent past, quinoxalines have attracted Medicinal Chemists considerably for their syntheses and chemistry due to their distinct pharmacological activities. Diverse synthetic protocols have been developed via multicomponent reactions, single pot synthesis and combinatorial approach using efficient catalysts, reagents, and nano-composites etc. Further, the versatility of the quinoxaline core and its reasonable chemical simplicity devise it extremely promising source of bioactive compounds. Therefore, a wide variety of bioactive quinoxalines has been realised as antitumour, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral agents. Already, a few of them are clinical drugs while many more are under various phases of clinical trials. Present review focuses on chemistry and pharmacology (both efficacy and safety) of quinoxalines and also provides some insight in to their structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Kaushal
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226 015, UP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Gaurava Srivastava
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226 015, UP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226 015, UP, India
| | - Arvind Singh Negi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226 015, UP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.
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17
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Ji W, Liu YA, Liao X. Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of N-Hydroxy Oxindoles by an Aza-Nazarov-Type Reaction Involving Azaoxyallyl Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 55:13286-13289. [PMID: 27709823 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel transition-metal-free method to construct N-hydroxy oxindoles by an aza-Nazarov-type reaction involving azaoxyallyl cation intermediates is described. A variety of functional groups were tolerated under the weak basic reaction conditions and at room temperature. A one-pot process was also developed to make the reaction even more practical. This method provides alternative access to oxindoles and their biologically active derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Yahu A Liu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Xuebin Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, China.
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18
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19
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Hassani H, Zakerinasab B, Hossien Poor H. Synthesis, characterization and application of alumina/ vanadium pentoxide nanocomposit by sol-gel method. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hassani
- Department of Chemistry; Payam Noor University; Birjand Iran
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20
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Ye H, Zhou L, Chen Y, Qiu J. Transition-metal-free halocarbocyclisation of acrylamides using K2S2O8. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3184/174751917x14944355549177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel and direct transition-metal-free oxidative halocarbocyclisation of acrylamides using inexpensive KX (X = I, Br, Cl) and K2S2O8 has been developed. This methodology not only provides an efficient way to construct valuable halogenated oxindoles in good to excellent yields, but also represents a novel strategy for C–X and C–C bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Ye
- Chemical Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Taizhou Vocational & Technical College, Taizhou 318000, P.R. China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Chemical Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Taizhou Vocational & Technical College, Taizhou 318000, P.R. China
| | - Yunhua Chen
- Chemical Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Taizhou Vocational & Technical College, Taizhou 318000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Qiu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Stable Isotope, Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
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21
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Avula VKR, Vallela S, Anireddy JS, Chamarthi NR. Copper-catalyzed Synthesis of N
-alkylated 2-(4-substituted-1 H
-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-1 H
-indole-3-carbaldehyde by Step-wise and One-pot Three-component Huisgen's 1,3-dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Reddy Avula
- Department of Chemistry; Sri Venkateswara University; Tirupati Andhra Pradesh India
- Centre for Chemical Science and Technology, IST; Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University; Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Swetha Vallela
- Centre for Chemical Science and Technology, IST; Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University; Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Jaya Shree Anireddy
- Centre for Chemical Science and Technology, IST; Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University; Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Naga Raju Chamarthi
- Department of Chemistry; Sri Venkateswara University; Tirupati Andhra Pradesh India
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22
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Rayni I, El Bakri Y, Sebhaoui J, El Bourakadi K, Essassi EM, Mague JT. 2-(1-Hexyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H-indol-3-ylidene)propanedinitrile. IUCRDATA 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314617007064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the title compound, C17H17N3O, the indolone ring system is almost planar, with an angle of 0.76 (14)° between the five- and six-membered rings. The dicyanomethylidene substituent lies close to the indolene plane. In the crystal, offset π-stacking interactions between five- and six-membered rings of indolene stack the molecules along thec-axis direction.
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23
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Karmakar U, Das D, Samanta R. Iridium-Catalysed Cascade Synthesis of Oxindoles Using Diazo Compounds: A Quick Entry to C-7-Functionalized Oxindoles. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; 721302 Kharagpur India
| | - Debapratim Das
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; 721302 Kharagpur India
| | - Rajarshi Samanta
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; 721302 Kharagpur India
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24
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Patel P, Borah G. Synthesis of oxindole from acetanilide via Ir(iii)-catalyzed C–H carbenoid functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:443-446. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08788d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The Ir(iii)-catalyzed intermolecular C–H annulations of acetanilide with diazotized Meldrum's acid furnished the oxindole derivative. Brief synthetic applications of the synthesized oxindole were also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitambar Patel
- Chemical Science & Technology Division
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat-785006
- India
| | - Gongutri Borah
- Chemical Science & Technology Division
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat-785006
- India
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25
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Yaragorla S, Dada R, Singh G, Pareek A, Rana M, Sharma AK. Ca(II)-Catalyzed Regioselective Cascade Synthesis of Oxindolyl- Naphthofurans through Meyer-Schuster type Rearrangement. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasarao Yaragorla
- Department of Chemistry; School of Chemical Sciences & Pharmacy; Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Ajmer Distt; Rajasthan 305817 India
| | - Ravikrishna Dada
- Department of Chemistry; School of Chemical Sciences & Pharmacy; Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Ajmer Distt; Rajasthan 305817 India
| | - Garima Singh
- Department of Chemistry; School of Chemical Sciences & Pharmacy; Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Ajmer Distt; Rajasthan 305817 India
| | - Abhishek Pareek
- Department of Chemistry; School of Chemical Sciences & Pharmacy; Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Ajmer Distt; Rajasthan 305817 India
| | - Monika Rana
- Department of Chemistry; School of Chemical Sciences & Pharmacy; Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Ajmer Distt; Rajasthan 305817 India
| | - Anuj K. Sharma
- Department of Chemistry; School of Chemical Sciences & Pharmacy; Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Ajmer Distt; Rajasthan 305817 India
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26
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Ji W, Liu YA, Liao X. Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of N
-Hydroxy Oxindoles by an Aza-Nazarov-Type Reaction Involving Azaoxyallyl Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Tsinghua University; China
| | - Yahu A. Liu
- Medicinal Chemistry; Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation; San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | - Xuebin Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Tsinghua University; China
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27
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Synthesis, anti-proliferative and genotoxicity studies of 6-chloro-5-(2-substituted-ethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-ones and 6-chloro-5-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(alkyl/ary-2-ylidene)indolin-2-ones. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:221-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Bogdanov AV, Kutuzova TA, Krivolapov DB, Dobrynin AB, Mironov VF. 1-chloroacetyloxindole(isatin) in reactions with some N-nucleophiles. Unexpetedly easy cleavage of chloroacetyl group. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363216030087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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El Newahie AMS, Ismail NSM, Abou El Ella DA, Abouzid KAM. Quinoxaline-Based Scaffolds Targeting Tyrosine Kinases and Their Potential Anticancer Activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:309-26. [PMID: 27062086 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Quinoxaline derivatives, also called benzopyrazines, are an important class of heterocyclic compounds. Quinoxalines have drawn great attention due to their wide spectrum of biological activities. They are considered as an important basis for anticancer drugs due to their potential activity as protein kinase inhibitors. In this review, we focus on the chemistry of the quinoxaline derivatives, the strategies for their synthesis, their potential activities against various tyrosine kinases, and on the structure-activity relationship studies reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya M S El Newahie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, October University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nasser S M Ismail
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Future University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalal A Abou El Ella
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled A M Abouzid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
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Kischkewitz M, Daniliuc CG, Studer A. 3-Alkylperoxy-3-cyano-oxindoles from 2-Cyano-2-diazo-N-phenyl-acetamides via Cyclizing Carbene Insertion and Subsequent Radical Oxidation. Org Lett 2016; 18:1206-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Kischkewitz
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Armido Studer
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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31
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Ravikumar K, Sridhar B, Nanubolu JB, Karthik G, Reddy BVS. Structural consequences of weak interactions in dispirooxindole derivatives. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2015; 71:1001-9. [PMID: 26524175 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229615019610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Spiro scaffolds are being increasingly utilized in drug discovery due to their inherent three-dimensionality and structural variations, resulting in new synthetic routes to introduce spiro building blocks into more pharmaceutically active molecules. Multicomponent cascade reactions, involving the in situ generation of carbonyl ylides from α-diazocarbonyl compounds and aldehydes, and 1,3-dipolar cycloadditon with 3-arylideneoxindoles gave a novel class of dispirooxindole derivatives, namely 1,1''-dibenzyl-5'-(4-chlorophenyl)-4'-phenyl-4',5'-dihydrodispiro[indoline-3,2'-furan-3',3''-indoline]-2,2''-dione, C44H33ClN2O3, (I), 1''-acetyl-1-benzyl-5'-(4-chlorophenyl)-4'-phenyl-4',5'-dihydrodispiro[indoline-3,2'-furan-3',3''-indoline]-2,2''-dione, C39H29ClN2O4, (II), 1''-acetyl-1-benzyl-4',5'-diphenyl-4',5'-dihydrodispiro[indoline-3,2'-furan-3',3''-indoline]-2,2''-dione, C39H30N2O4, (III), and 1''-acetyl-1-benzyl-4',5'-diphenyl-4',5'-dihydrodispiro[indoline-3,2'-furan-3',3''-indoline]-2,2''-dione acetonitrile hemisolvate, C39H30N2O4·0.5C2H3N, (IV). All four compounds exist as racemic mixtures of the SSSR and RRRS stereoisomers. In these structures, the two H atoms of the dihydrofuran ring and the two substituted oxindole rings are in a trans orientation, facilitating intramolecular C-H···O and π-π interactions. These weak interactions play a prominent role in the structural stability and aid the highly regio- and diastereoselective synthesis. In each of the four structures, the molecular assembly in the crystal is also governed by weak noncovalent interactions. Compound (IV) is the solvated analogue of (III) and the two compounds show similar structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Ravikumar
- X-ray Crystallography Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Balasubramanian Sridhar
- X-ray Crystallography Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu
- X-ray Crystallography Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Govindaraju Karthik
- Natural Product Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Basi Venkata Subba Reddy
- Natural Product Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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32
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Mondal B, Roy B. Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) promoted dehydrogenative coupling: an expedient and metal-free synthesis of oxindoles via intramolecular C(sp2)–H and C(sp3)–H bond activation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09055e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) promoted synthesis of oxindole has been developed. This methodology involves C(sp3)–H and C(sp2)–H bond activation under metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab Mondal
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Kalyani
- Kalyani
- India
| | - Brindaban Roy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Kalyani
- Kalyani
- India
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33
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Qiu J, Zhang R. Transition-metal-free oxidative carboazidation of acrylamides via cascade C–N and C–C bond-forming reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:4329-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00720d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel transition-metal-free oxidative carboazidation of acrylamides using inexpensive NaN3 and K2S2O8 was achieved, which not only provided an efficient method to prepare various N3-substituted oxindoles, but also represented a novel strategy for C–N and C–C bond formation via a free-radical cascade process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qiu
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment
- Ministry of Education
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment
- Ministry of Education
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34
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Epithelial ovarian cancer-induced angiogenic phenotype of human omental microvascular endothelial cells may occur independently of VEGF signaling. Transl Oncol 2013; 6:703-14. [PMID: 24466373 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) metastasizes transcoelomically to the peritoneum and omentum, and despite surgery and chemotherapy, recurrent disease is likely. Metastasis requires the induction of proangiogenic changes in the omental microenvironment and EOC-induced omental angiogenesis is currently a key therapeutic target. In particular, antiangiogenic therapies targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) pathway are commonly used, although, with limited effects. Here, using human omental microvascular endothelial cells (HOMECs) and ovarian cancer cell lines as an in vitro model, we show that factors secreted from EOC cells increased proliferation, migration, and tube-like structure formation in HOMECs. However, EOC-induced angiogenic tube-like formation and migration were unaffected by inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity of VEGF receptors 1 and 2 (Semaxanib; SU5416) or neutralization of VEGFA (neutralizing anti-VEGFA antibody), although VEGFA165-induced HOMEC migration and tube-like structure formation were abolished. Proteomic investigation of the EOC secretome identified several alternative angiogenesis-related proteins. We screened these for their ability to induce an angiogenic phenotype in HOMECs, i.e., proliferation, migration, and tube-like structure formation. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP-7) increased all three parameters, and cathepsin L (CL) increased migration and tubule formation. Further investigation confirmed expression of the HGF receptor c-Met in HOMECs. HGF- and EOC-induced proliferation and angiogenic tube structure formation were blocked by the c-Met inhibitor PF04217903. Our results highlight key alternative angiogenic mediators for metastatic EOC, namely, HGF, CL, and IGFBP-7, suggesting that effective antiangiogenic therapeutic strategies for this disease require inhibition of multiple angiogenic pathways.
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Winiarski BK, Acheson N, Gutowski NJ, McHarg S, Whatmore JL. An improved and reliable method for isolation of microvascular endothelial cells from human omentum. Microcirculation 2012; 18:635-45. [PMID: 21854489 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2011.00128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite an increasing research demand for human microvascular endothelial cells, isolation of primary endothelial cells from human tissue remains difficult. The omentum, a highly vascular visceral adipose tissue, could provide an excellent source of these cells. METHODS A reliable method to isolate HOMECs has been developed. It consists of initial enzymatic digestion (to deplete cell contaminants), followed by further digestion, selective filtration, and immunoselection using Dynabeads coated with CD31 antibody. Cultures were characterized for expression of endothelial cell markers and their ability to undergo VEGF-dependent in vitro tube structure formation. RESULTS Omental-derived cultures of microvascular endothelial cells were achieved with <5% contamination of other cell types. The endothelial origin of cells was confirmed by the constitutive expression of a range of vascular endothelial markers (CD31, CD105, vWF) and internalization of DiI-AcLDL. Furthermore, cultures were negative for lymphatic endothelial markers, underwent in vitro angiogenesis, and exhibited typical endothelial morphology. CONCLUSIONS This isolation method produces homogeneous HOMEC cultures that can be maintained in vitro for at least six passages without loss of cellular features characterizing endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boleslaw K Winiarski
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, Devon, UK
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36
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Krenn L, Paper DH. Inhibition of angiogenesis and inflammation by an extract of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 16:1083-1088. [PMID: 19665361 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic compounds are gaining more and more interest as a new approach in the prevention and treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. The objective of this study was the evaluation of the antiangiogenic effect of a red clover extract (RCE) used in food supplements for menopausal complaints as well as of its main isoflavones in an in vivo system, the chorioallantoic membrane assay of fertilized hen's eggs. At a dosage of 250 microg/pellet the red clover extract showed excellent inhibition of angiogenesis. The antiangiogenic activity of the non-methylated isoflavones daidzein and genistein was higher than that of the methylated compounds formononentin and biochanin A. The results demonstrate that RCE is not only suitable for menopausal complaints, but might also be a powerful chemopreventive agent against chronic diseases e.g. which have a high incidence especially in elderly female.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Krenn
- Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
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37
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Blanche EA, Maskell L, Colucci MA, Whatmore JL, Moody CJ. Synthesis of potential prodrug systems for reductive activation. Prodrugs for anti-angiogenic isoflavones and VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitory oxindoles. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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38
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Paniagua-Pérez R, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Molina-Jasso D, Reyes-Cadena S, Alvarez-González I, Sánchez-Chapul L, Pérez-Gallaga J. Antigenotoxic, antioxidant and lymphocyte induction effects produced by pteropodine. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2009; 104:222-7. [PMID: 19175366 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pteropodine is a heterohimbine-type oxindole alkaloid specifically isolated from 'Cat's claw' (Uncaria tomentosa), a plant that has shown cytostatic, anti-inflammatory and antimutagenic properties and is used in traditional medicine to cure a number of diseases. In this report, we studied the ability of pteropodine to decrease the rate of sister-chromatid exchanges and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in mice administered doxorubicin. We also determined its capacity to induce lymphocyte production in mice as well as its free radical scavenging potential by applying the DPPH assay. We found pteropodine (100-600 mg/kg) to significantly decrease the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in mice administered with 10 mg/kg of doxorubicin. Furthermore, we determined that pteropodine partially corrected bone marrow cytotoxicity induced by doxorubicin, as it showed an improvement in the rate of polychromatic erythrocytes. Besides, 600 mg/kg of pteropodine increased 25.8% of the production of lymphocytes over the control value along a 96-hr assay, and it exhibited a strong capacity to trap the DPPH-free radical (98.26% with 250 microg/ml). Our results establish that pteropodine is an effective antimutagen in the model used, and suggest that pteropodine deserves further research in the area of cell protective potential and its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio Paniagua-Pérez
- Laboratory of Muscular Biochemistry, National Institute of Reahabilitation, National School of Biological Sciences, I.P.N., Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Sto. Tomás, D.F., Mexico
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39
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Abstract
Phytoestrogens are estrogen-like substances produced by plants that account for some of the constituents present in vegetation that may be responsible for the health benefits of a diet rich in fruit and vegetables. Phytoestrogens have a plethora of different actions that they are capable of exerting on cellular metabolism. This review will focus on some of the major non-estrogen receptor-mediated cellular effects used by phytoestrogens and will draw attention to the fact that while they may have a number of beneficial effects, particularly in offering a protective effect against some hormone-dependent cancers, such as breast and prostate cancer, they may also have possible unfavorable effects by interfering with the functioning of normal cellular activities such as receptor-mediated signal transduction and DNA replication, as well as being genotoxic, mutagenic and promoting the proliferation of some cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H J Martin
- University of Wolverhampton, Research Institute of Healthcare Science, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, UK.
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40
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Maskell L, Blanche EA, Colucci MA, Whatmore JL, Moody CJ. Synthesis and evaluation of prodrugs for anti-angiogenic pyrrolylmethylidenyl oxindoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1575-8. [PMID: 17254788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Potential prodrugs of inhibitors of VEGF-induced angiogenesis have been investigated. The prodrug systems studied were the 4-nitrobenzyl, 2-nitrophenylacetyl and 3-methyl-3-(3,6-dimethylbenzo-1,4-quinon-2-yl)butanoyl groups, readily attached to acidic OH or NH groups in drug molecules, and released upon bioreductive activation. The anti-angiogenic compounds studied were the pyrrolylmethylidenyl oxindole SU5416 (semaxanib) and its novel 6-hydroxy derivative. The potentially pro-anti-angiogenic compounds were assayed for their ability to block VEGF-induced angiogenesis in HUVECS in comparison to the free agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Maskell
- Peninsula Medical School, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
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41
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Davies MW, Maskell L, Shipman M, Slawin AMZ, Vidot SME, Whatmore JL. Studies Toward the Synthesis of Luminacin D: Assembly of Simplified Analogues Devoid of the Epoxide Displaying Antiangiogenic Activity. Org Lett 2004; 6:3909-12. [PMID: 15496061 DOI: 10.1021/ol048462v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A series of structurally simplified luminacin analogues devoid of the epoxide ring are assembled in a stereocontrolled manner from 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde using a syn-selective aldol reaction as the key step. The success of the approach is critically dependent on the nature and extent of the alcohol protecting groups. The synthetic analogues inhibit VEGF-stimulated angiogenesis in an in vitro assay indicating that the epoxide is not essential for biological activity in this compound class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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