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Parthasarathy R, Santiago F, McCluskey P, Kaakoush NO, Tedla N, Wakefield D. The microbiome in HLA-B27-associated disease: implications for acute anterior uveitis and recommendations for future studies. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:142-158. [PMID: 36058784 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27-associated diseases such as acute anterior uveitis (AAU) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) remains poorly understood, though Gram-negative bacteria and subclinical bowel inflammation are strongly implicated. Accumulating evidence from animal models and clinical studies supports several hypotheses, including HLA-B27-dependent dysbiosis, altered intestinal permeability, and molecular mimicry. However, the existing literature is hampered by inadequate studies designed to establish causation or uncover the role of viruses and fungi. Moreover, the unique disease model afforded by AAU to study the gut microbiota has been neglected. This review critically evaluates the current literature and prevailing hypotheses on the link between the gut microbiota and HLA-B27-associated disease. We propose a new potential role for HLA-B27-driven altered antibody responses to gut microbiota in disease pathogenesis and outline recommendations for future well-controlled human studies, focusing on AAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Parthasarathy
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fernando Santiago
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter McCluskey
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicodemus Tedla
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Denis Wakefield
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia; Center for Immunology and Immunopathology, South Eastern Area Health Service, Sydney, Australia.
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2
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Rosenbaum JT, Asquith M. The microbiome and HLA-B27-associated acute anterior uveitis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 14:704-713. [PMID: 30301938 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-018-0097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) and the spondyloarthritis (SpA) subtypes ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis and psoriatic arthritis are among the inflammatory diseases affected by the biology of the intestinal microbiome. In this Review, the relationship between AAU, SpA and the microbiome is discussed, with a focus on the major SpA risk gene HLA-B*27 and how it is associated with both intestinal tolerance and the loss of ocular immune privilege that can accompany AAU. We provide four potential mechanisms to account for how dysbiosis, barrier function and immune response contribute to the development of ocular inflammation and the pathogenesis of AAU. Finally, potential therapeutic avenues to target the microbiota for the clinical management of AAU and SpA are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Rosenbaum
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Medicine and Cell Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Legacy Devers Eye Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mark Asquith
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Anderson MC, Chaze T, Coïc YM, Injarabian L, Jonsson F, Lombion N, Selimoglu-Buet D, Souphron J, Ridley C, Vonaesch P, Baron B, Arena ET, Tinevez JY, Nigro G, Nothelfer K, Solary E, Lapierre V, Lazure T, Matondo M, Thornton D, Sansonetti PJ, Baleux F, Marteyn BS. MUB 40 Binds to Lactoferrin and Stands as a Specific Neutrophil Marker. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:483-493.e9. [PMID: 29478905 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils represent the most abundant immune cells recruited to inflamed tissues. A lack of dedicated tools has hampered their detection and study. We show that a synthesized peptide, MUB40, binds to lactoferrin, the most abundant protein stored in neutrophil-specific and tertiary granules. Lactoferrin is specifically produced by neutrophils among other leukocytes, making MUB40 a specific neutrophil marker. Naive mammalian neutrophils (human, guinea pig, mouse, rabbit) were labeled by fluorescent MUB40 conjugates (-Cy5, Dylight405). A peptidase-resistant retro-inverso MUB40 (RI-MUB40) was synthesized and its lactoferrin-binding property validated. Neutrophil lactoferrin secretion during in vitro Shigella infection was assessed with RI-MUB40-Cy5 using live cell microscopy. Systemically administered RI-MUB40-Cy5 accumulated at sites of inflammation in a mouse arthritis inflammation model in vivo and showed usefulness as a potential tool for inflammation detection using non-invasive imaging. Improving neutrophil detection with the universal and specific MUB40 marker will aid the study of broad ranges of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Anderson
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; INSERM Unité 1202, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Thibault Chaze
- Institut Pasteur / CNRS USR 2000 Mass Spectrometry for Biology, Proteomics Platform, CITECH, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Yves-Marie Coïc
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, CNRS UMR 3523, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Louise Injarabian
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; INSERM Unité 1202, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; CNRS, IBGC, Cell Energetic Metabolism, 1 rue Camille Saint Saëns CS 61390, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Friederike Jonsson
- Institut Pasteur, Département d'Immunologie, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75024 Paris Cedex 15, France; INSERM Unité 1222, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Naelle Lombion
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | | | - Judith Souphron
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; INSERM Unité 1202, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Caroline Ridley
- University of Manchester, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, A.V. Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Pascale Vonaesch
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; INSERM Unité 1202, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Bruno Baron
- Institut Pasteur, Plate-Forme de Biophysique Moléculaire, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Ellen T Arena
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; INSERM Unité 1202, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Jean-Yves Tinevez
- Institut Pasteur, CITECH, Imagopole, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Giulia Nigro
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; INSERM Unité 1202, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Katharina Nothelfer
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; INSERM Unité 1202, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Eric Solary
- Institut Gustave Roussy Inserm U1009, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Valérie Lapierre
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Thierry Lazure
- APHP Hôpital du Kremlin-Bicêtre, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mariette Matondo
- Institut Pasteur / CNRS USR 2000 Mass Spectrometry for Biology, Proteomics Platform, CITECH, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - David Thornton
- Institut Pasteur, Département d'Immunologie, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75024 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Philippe J Sansonetti
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; INSERM Unité 1202, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Baleux
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, CNRS UMR 3523, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Benoit S Marteyn
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; INSERM Unité 1202, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; Institut Gustave Roussy, Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France.
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Asquith M, Davin S, Stauffer P, Michell C, Janowitz C, Lin P, Ensign-Lewis J, Kinchen JM, Koop DR, Rosenbaum JT. Intestinal Metabolites Are Profoundly Altered in the Context of HLA-B27 Expression and Functionally Modulate Disease in a Rat Model of Spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:1984-1995. [PMID: 28622455 PMCID: PMC5623151 DOI: 10.1002/art.40183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HLA-B27-associated spondyloarthritides are associated with an altered intestinal microbiota and bowel inflammation. We undertook this study to identify HLA-B27-dependent changes in both host and microbial metabolites in the HLA-B27/β2 -microglobulin (β2 m)-transgenic rat and to determine whether microbiota-derived metabolites could impact disease in this major model of spondyloarthritis. METHODS Cecal contents were collected from Fischer 344 33-3 HLA-B27/β2 m-transgenic rats and wild-type controls at 6 weeks (before disease) and 16 weeks (with active bowel inflammation). Metabolomic profiling was performed by high-throughput gas and liquid chromatography-based mass spectrometry. HLA-B27/β2 m-transgenic rats were treated with the microbial metabolites propionate or butyrate in drinking water for 10 weeks, and disease activity was subsequently assessed. RESULTS Our screen identified 582 metabolites, of which more than half were significantly altered by HLA-B27 expression at 16 weeks. Both microbial and host metabolites were altered, with multiple pathways affected, including those for amino acid, carbohydrate, xenobiotic, and medium-chain fatty acid metabolism. Differences were even observed at 6 weeks, with up-regulation of histidine, tyrosine, spermidine, N-acetylmuramate, and glycerate in HLA-B27/β2 m-transgenic rats. Administration of the short-chain fatty acid propionate significantly attenuated HLA-B27-associated inflammatory disease, although this was not associated with increased FoxP3+ T cell induction or with altered expression of the immunomodulatory cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) or IL-33 or of the tight junction protein zonula occludens 1. HLA-B27 expression was also associated with altered host expression of messenger RNA for the microbial metabolite receptors free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2), FFAR3, and niacin receptor 1. CONCLUSION HLA-B27 expression profoundly impacts the intestinal metabolome, with changes evident in rats even at age 6 weeks. Critically, we demonstrate that a microbial metabolite, propionate, attenuates development of HLA-B27-associated inflammatory disease. These and other microbiota-derived bioactive mediators may provide novel treatment modalities in HLA-B27-associated spondyloarthritides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Asquith
- Oregon Health and Science University, Division of Arthritis and
Rheumatic Diseases, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, USA, 97239
| | - Sean Davin
- Oregon Health and Science University, Division of Arthritis and
Rheumatic Diseases, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, USA, 97239
| | - Patrick Stauffer
- Oregon Health and Science University, Division of Arthritis and
Rheumatic Diseases, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, USA, 97239
| | - Claire Michell
- Oregon Health and Science University, Division of Arthritis and
Rheumatic Diseases, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, USA, 97239
| | - Cathleen Janowitz
- Oregon Health and Science University, Division of Arthritis and
Rheumatic Diseases, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, USA, 97239
| | - Phoebe Lin
- Oregon Health and Science University, Casey Eye Institute, Portland,
OR, USA, 97239
| | - Joe Ensign-Lewis
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic
Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19104
| | | | - Dennis R Koop
- Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Physiology and
Pharmacology, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, USA, 97239
| | - James T. Rosenbaum
- Oregon Health and Science University, Division of Arthritis and
Rheumatic Diseases, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, USA, 97239
- Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Physiology and
Pharmacology, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, USA, 97239
- Devers Eye Institute, 1040 Nw 22nd Ave, Suite 200, Portland, OR,
USA, 97210
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Asquith MJ, Stauffer P, Davin S, Mitchell C, Lin P, Rosenbaum JT. Perturbed Mucosal Immunity and Dysbiosis Accompany Clinical Disease in a Rat Model of Spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:2151-62. [PMID: 26992013 DOI: 10.1002/art.39681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The HLA-B27/β2 -microglobulin (β2 m)-transgenic (Tg) rat is a leading model of B27-associated spondyloarthritis (SpA), and the disease is dependent on the presence of intestinal bacteria. Previous studies have shown that adult HLA-B27/β2 m-Tg rats have an altered intestinal microbiota. This study sought to better define the age-dependent changes to both mucosal immune function and dysbiosis in this rat model of SpA. METHODS Intestinal contents were collected from wild-type and HLA-B27/β2 m-Tg rats postweaning (ages 3 and 6 weeks), at disease onset (age 10 weeks), and after the establishment of disease (ages ≥16 weeks). The microbial community structure was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Mucosal and systemic Th1, Th17, and Treg cell responses were analyzed by flow cytometry, as was the frequency of IgA-coated intestinal bacteria. Intestinal expression of inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) was determined by qRT-PCR. RESULTS An inflammatory cytokine signature and elevated AMP expression during the postweaning period preceded the development of clinical bowel inflammation and dysbiosis in HLA-B27/β2 m-Tg rats. An early and sustained expansion of the Th17 cell pool was specifically observed in the cecal and colonic mucosa of HLA-B27/β2 m-Tg rats. Strongly elevated intestinal colonization of Akkermansia muciniphila and an increased frequency of IgA-coated fecal bacteria were significantly associated with expression of HLA-B27 and arthritis development. CONCLUSION HLA-B27/β2 m expression in this rat model renders the host hyperresponsive to microbial antigens from infancy. Early activation of innate immunity and expansion of a mucosal Th17 signature are soon followed by dysbiosis in HLA-B27/β2 m-Tg animals. The pathologic processes of perturbed mucosal immunity and dysbiosis strongly merit further study in both prediseased and diseased populations of patients with SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sean Davin
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | | | - Phoebe Lin
- Oregon Health & Science University and Casey Eye Institute, Portland
| | - James T Rosenbaum
- Oregon Health & Science University, Casey Eye Institute, and Devers Eye Institute, Portland
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Schiffrin EJ, El Yousfi M, Faure M, Combaret L, Donnet A, Blum S, Obled C, Breuillé D. Milk Casein-Based Diet Containing TGF-β Controls the Inflammatory Reaction in the HLA-B27 Transgenic Rat Model. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016; 29:S141-8; discussion S149-50, S184-8. [PMID: 15980276 DOI: 10.1177/01486071050290s4s141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A casein-based formula containing TGF-beta has been successfully used in adolescents during acute episodes of Crohn's disease. The role played by this molecule requires confirmation. We have examined the capacity of a TGF-beta containing diet to control the intestinal inflammation in HLA-B27 transgenic rats, and compared its effects with a similar diet devoid of TGF-beta. METHODS Three groups of rats were studied. HLA-B27/hbeta2M transgenic rats were fed with a casein-based rat-adapted diet containing TGF-beta or a control casein-based diet without TGF-beta. Fischer control animals were fed the latter. Body weight, dietary intake, tissue weights, fecal samples, leukocyte counts, and acute phase response were analyzed. Intestinal inflammation was assessed by histology, myeloperoxidase, and mRNA expression of cytokines. MUC2 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Breakdown of muscle protein was examined. RESULTS The test diet improved diarrhea increasing the fecal dry matter and the colonic inflammation as shown by a lower inflammatory score (2.43 +/- 1.13 vs 4.42 +/- 0.53, p < .05), lower mucosal thickness (431.25 +/- 72.29 vs 508.57 +/- 81.32 microm, p = .08) and decreased IFNgamma mRNA expression. MUC2 protein expression was increased in HLA rats fed the TGF-beta diet compared with HLA rats fed the control diet, but restitution to normal pattern was not observed. The test diet also decreased leukocytosis and the acute phase response and improved the muscle catabolic response. CONCLUSION The TGF-beta containing diet has a beneficial effect in an animal model of intestinal inflammation. Our observations support a potential role for dietary TGF-beta in the restoration of immune homeostasis.
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Asquith M, Elewaut D, Lin P, Rosenbaum JT. The role of the gut and microbes in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2014; 28:687-702. [PMID: 25488778 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is firmly implicated not only in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but increasingly also in the development of inflammation at extraintestinal tissue sites. Significant clinical, genetic, immunological, and microbiological overlap exists between IBD and spondyloarthritis (SpA), which indicates that pathophysiological mechanisms are shared between these diseases and may center on the intestinal microbiota. Recently, culture-independent techniques have enabled the microbiota in health and disease to be described in increasing detail. Moreover, functional studies have identified myriad host effector and regulatory pathways that shape or are shaped by this microbial community. We consider the complex relationship between SpA pathogenesis and gut microbes, with a discussion of how manipulation of the gut microbiota itself may be a promising future target for SpA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Asquith
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, and Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., L647Ad, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Phoebe Lin
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, and Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., L647Ad, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - James T Rosenbaum
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, and Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., L647Ad, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Legacy Devers Eye Institute, 1040 NW 22nd Ave, Portland, OR 97210, USA.
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Coïc YM, Baleux F, Poyraz Ö, Thibeaux R, Labruyere E, Chretien F, Sobhani I, Lazure T, Wyplosz B, Schneider G, Mulard L, Sansonetti PJ, Marteyn BS. Design of a specific colonic mucus marker using a human commensal bacterium cell surface domain. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:15916-22. [PMID: 22427651 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.310003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging living cells and organs requires innovative, specific, efficient, and well tolerated fluorescent markers targeting cellular components. Such tools will allow proceeding to the dynamic analysis of cells and the adaptation of tissues to environmental cues. In this study, we have identified and synthesized a novel non-toxic fluorescent marker allowing a specific fluorescent staining of the human colonic mucus. Our strategy to identify a molecule able to specifically bind to the human colonic mucus was on the basis of the mucus adhesion properties of commensal bacteria. We identified and characterized the mucus-binding property of a 70-amino acid domain (MUB(70)) expressed on the surface of Lactobacillus strains. The chemical synthesis of MUB(70) was achieved using the human commensal bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri AF120104 protein as a template. The synthesized Cy5-conjugated MUB(70) marker specifically stained the colonic mucus on fixed human, rabbit, and guinea pig tissues. Interestingly, murine tissue was not stained, suggesting significant differences in the composition of the murine colonic mucus. In addition, this marker stained the mucus of living cultured human colonic cells (HT29-MTX) and human colonic tissue explants. Using a biotinylated derivative of MUB(70), we demonstrated that this peptide binds specifically to Muc2, the most abundant secreted mucin, through its glycosylated moieties. Hence, Cy5-MUB(70) is a novel and specific fluorescent marker for mammalian colonic mucus. It may be used for live imaging analysis but also, as demonstrated in this study, as a marker for the diagnosis and the prognosis of colonic mucinous carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves-Marie Coïc
- Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Stucchi AF, Shebani KO, Reed KL, Gower AC, Alapatt MF, Crivello KM, McClung JP, Becker JM. Stasis Predisposes Ileal Pouch Inflammation in a Rat Model of Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis. J Surg Res 2010; 164:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Speck KE, Garrison AP, Rigby RJ, von Allmen DC, Lund PK, Helmrath MA. Inflammation enhances resection-induced intestinal adaptive growth in IL-10 null mice. J Surg Res 2009; 168:62-9. [PMID: 20074747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical resection of the ileum, cecum, and proximal right colon (ICR) is common in the management of Crohn's disease, yet little is known about the effect of active inflammation on the adaptive response following intestinal loss. We recently developed a surgical model of ICR in germ-free (GF) IL-10 null mice that develop small intestinal inflammation only when mice undergo conventionalization with normal fecal microflora (CONV) before surgical intervention. In this study, we examined the effects of postsurgical small bowel inflammation on adaptive growth after ICR. METHODS GF 129SvEv IL-10 null mice, 8-10 wk old, were allocated to GF or CONV groups. Nonoperated GF and CONV mice provided baseline controls. Two wk later, GF and CONV mice were further allocated to ICR or sham operation. Small intestine and colon were harvested 7 d after surgery for histological analysis. RESULTS All mice within the gnotobiotic facility maintained GF status and did not develop small intestinal or colonic inflammation. CONV resulted in colitis in all groups, whereas small intestinal inflammation was only observed following ICR. Resection-induced small intestinal inflammation in CONV mice was associated with increases in proliferation, crypt depth, and villus height compared with GF mice after ICR. Resection-induced increases in crypt fission only occurred in CONV mice. CONCLUSION ICR-dependent small intestinal inflammation in CONV IL-10 null mice dramatically enhances early adaptive growth of the small intestine. Additional studies utilizing our model may provide clinical insight leading to optimal therapies in managing IBD patients after surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Speck
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Milia AF, Ibba-Manneschi L, Manetti M, Benelli G, Messerini L, Matucci-Cerinic M. HLA-B27 Transgenic Rat. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1173:570-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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12
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Godin JP, Mermoud AF, Rémond D, Faure M, Breuille D, Williamson G, Peré-Trepat E, Ramadan Z, Fay LB, Kochhar S. Simultaneous measurement of 13C- and 15N-isotopic enrichments of threonine by mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:1109-1115. [PMID: 19288537 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Under conditions of high isotopic dilution, e.g. in a tracer study, the ability to determine accurately and quantitatively small variations in isotopic enrichments of differently labelled chemical compounds (e.g. (13)C and (15)N in threonine) in a single run by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is desirable but remains a technological challenge. Here, we report a new, rapid and simple GC/MS method for simultaneously measuring the isotopic enrichments of doubly labelled threonine ([U(13)C] and (15)N) with isotopic enrichment lower than 1.5 Molar Percent Excess (MPE). The long-term reproducibility measured was around 0.09 MPE for both tracers (throughout a 6 week period). The intra-day repeatability was lower than 0.05 and 0.06 MPE for [U(13)C]-Thr and (15)N-Thr, respectively. To calculate both isotopic enrichments, two modes of calculations were used: one based on work by Rosenblatt et al. in 1992 and the other one using a matrix approach. Both methods gave similar results (ANOVA, P >0.05) with close precision for each mode of calculation. The GC/MS method was then used to investigate the differential utilization of threonine in different organs according to its route of administration in minipigs after administration of both tracers. In plasma samples, the lowest isotopic enrichment measured between two successive time points was at 0.01 and 0.02 MPE for [U(13)C]-Thr and (15)N-Thr, respectively. Moreover, the accuracy of GC/MS (13)C-isotopic enrichment measured was validated by analyzing the same plasma samples by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). Statistical analysis showed that both techniques gave the same results (ANOVA, P >0.05). This new GC/MS method offers the possibility to measure (13)C- and (15)N-isotopic enrichments with higher throughput, and using a lower amount of sample, than using GC/C/IRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Godin
- Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., PO Box 44, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
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Kanauchi O, Oshima T, Andoh A, Shioya M, Mitsuyama K. Germinated barley foodstuff ameliorates inflammation in mice with colitis through modulation of mucosal immune system. Scand J Gastroenterol 2009; 43:1346-52. [PMID: 18618333 DOI: 10.1080/00365520802245411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Germinated barley foodstuff (GBF) is a prebiotic product made from malt which contains glutamine-rich protein and hemicellulose-rich fiber. Although GBF has been observed to attenuate colonic mucosal inflammation and bowel movements in ulcerative colitis, both experimentally and clinically, the details of the immune response remain elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GBF on the colonic epithelium immune response in a CD45RB(high) T cell chronic colitis model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Colitis was induced by transferring CD4+ CD45RB(high) T cells to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice (control n=8, GBF n=8) and the effects of GBF on the colitis were evaluated. The evaluation included measurement of body-weight, occult blood tests, histological examination, mucosal cytokine reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis (interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)) as well as IL-6 measurements. RESULTS Seven weeks after transferring the above cells, body-weight loss and occult blood were significantly reduced in the mice that had been fed with GBF. In these mice, there were also significant reductions in IFN-gamma mRNA expressions and IL-6 in the colonic mucosa, as compared with the control group. GBF also significantly attenuated, mucosal damage and mucin positive goblet cell depletion. Conversely, TGF-beta expression significantly increased in the GBF group, compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS In this preliminary study using an experimental model in which colitis was induced by transferring CD4+ CD45RB(high) T cells to SCID mice, GBF reduced inflammation by modulating the colonic microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Kanauchi
- Kirin Holdings Co., Central Laboratories for Frontier Technology, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
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14
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Milia AF, Manetti M, Generini S, Polidori L, Benelli G, Cinelli M, Messerini L, Ibba-Manneschi L, Matucci-Cerinic M. TNFalpha blockade prevents the development of inflammatory bowel disease in HLA-B27 transgenic rats. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 13:164-76. [PMID: 18363845 PMCID: PMC3823044 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rats transgenic for HLA-B27 and human β2microglobulin (B27TR) develop a multi-systemic disease resembling inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and spondyloarthritis. TNFα has a crucial role in chronic inflammation. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of anti-TNFα treatment on spontaneous IBD in B27TR. Nine-week-old B27TR received monoclonal anti-TNFα or an isotypic IgG2a,k up to age of 18 weeks. A second group was monitored up to 18 weeks and then randomly assigned to anti-TNFα or IgG2 a,k treatment. Each rat was monitored for clinical IBD manifestations. After sacrifice, the colon was examined for pathological changes. TNFα receptors (TNF-R1, TNF-R2), Fas/Fas-L expression and apoptosis were evaluated. IgG2a,k-treated and untreated B27TR presented signs of IBD at 11 weeks, whereas in anti-TNFα-treated B27TR no IBD signs were detected. In the late treatment, IBD signs improved after 1 week. Histopathological analysis of IgG2a,k-treated B27TR colon showed inflammatory signs that were widely prevented by early anti-TNFα treatment. Late treatment did not significantly reduce inflammation. TNF-R1 was weakly expressed in intestinal epithelial cells of IgG2a,k-treated B27TR, while it was comparable to controls in anti-TNFα-treated animals. TNF-R2 immunopositivity was strongly evident in IgG2a,k-treated B27TR, whereas was absent in anti-TNFα-treated rats. RT-PCR confirmed these results. IgG2a,k-treated B27TR showed, at 18 weeks, few Fas-positive cells and an increase of Fas-L-positive cells. At 27 weeks, Fas-/Fas-L-positive cell number was significantly low. Anti-TNFα treatment increased Fas-L expression, whereas Fas increased only with the early treatment. TNFα blockade is effective in preventing inflammation in early phase of IBD, maintaining the homeostatic balance of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Franca Milia
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Faure M, Choné F, Mettraux C, Godin JP, Béchereau F, Vuichoud J, Papet I, Breuillé D, Obled C. Threonine utilization for synthesis of acute phase proteins, intestinal proteins, and mucins is increased during sepsis in rats. J Nutr 2007; 137:1802-7. [PMID: 17585034 DOI: 10.1093/jn/137.7.1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the dietary threonine demand for the anabolic response may be increased more than that of other essential amino acids during sepsis. Using a flooding dose of either L-[1 -13C]valine or L-[U -13C]threonine, we measured valine and threonine utilization for syntheses of plasma proteins (minus albumin), and wall, mucosal, and mucin proteins of the small intestine in infected (INF; d 2 and d 6 of postinfection) and control pair-fed (PF) rats. At d 2, the protein absolute synthesis rate (ASR) of INF rats was 21% (mucins) to 41% (intestinal wall) greater than that of PF when measured using valine as tracer, and 45% (mucosa) to 113% (mucins) greater than that of PF when measured with threonine as tracer. Plasma protein ASR was higher in INF than in PF rats, reaching 5- to 6-fold the value of PF. The utilization of both amino acid tracers for the protein synthesis was significantly increased by the infection in all compartments studied. The daily increased absolute threonine utilization for protein synthesis in gut wall plus plasma proteins was 446 micromol/d compared with 365 micromol/d for valine, and it represented 2.6 times the dietary threonine intake of rats at d 2. Most changes in protein ASR and threonine utilization observed at d 6 of postinfection were limited. In conclusion, sepsis increased the utilization of threonine for the anabolic splanchnic response. Because this threonine requirement is likely covered by muscle protein mobilization, increasing the threonine dietary supply would be an effective early nutritional management for patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Faure
- Nestlé Research Center, Nutrition and Health Department, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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16
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Faure M, Mettraux C, Moennoz D, Godin JP, Vuichoud J, Rochat F, Breuillé D, Obled C, Corthésy-Theulaz I. Specific amino acids increase mucin synthesis and microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium-treated rats. J Nutr 2006; 136:1558-64. [PMID: 16702321 DOI: 10.1093/jn/136.6.1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During the anabolic response associated with inflammation, mucin synthesis and colonic protection may be compromised by the limited availability of specific amino acids. We therefore determined the effect of dietary amino acid supplementation on the microbiota, mucin status, and mucosal damage in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated rats. From 8 d before to 28 d after colitis induction, male Sprague-Dawley rats (10 mo old, n = 8/group) were fed a control diet supplemented or not with 2 different doses of an amino acid cocktail containing L-threonine, L-serine, L-proline, and L-cysteine. All diets were isonitrogenous (adjusted with L-alanine). The higher dose of amino acids increased the number of Muc2-containing goblet cells in the surface epithelium of the ulcerated area, stimulated mucin production in the colon, and restored the mucin amino acid composition and mucosal content to healthy, control values. The colonic mucin synthesis rate was specifically stimulated by 95%, whereas the protein turnover was unchanged. All bacterial populations, markedly altered by the DSS treatment, were promoted. In conclusion, in inflammatory situations, an increase in threonine, serine, proline, and cysteine dietary supply can promote mucin synthesis, reequilibrate the gut microbiota, and thus favor colonic protection and mucosal healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Faure
- Nestlé Research Center, Nutrition and Health Department, Switzerland.
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Daddaoua A, Puerta V, Requena P, Martínez-Férez A, Guadix E, de Medina FS, Zarzuelo A, Suárez MD, Boza JJ, Martínez-Augustin O. Goat milk oligosaccharides are anti-inflammatory in rats with hapten-induced colitis. J Nutr 2006; 136:672-6. [PMID: 16484541 DOI: 10.1093/jn/136.3.672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligosaccharides are included among the anti-inflammatory components of milk because of their prebiotic properties and their capacity to act as receptors of microorganisms. Here the intestinal anti-inflammatory effect of goat milk oligosaccharides (O) was assessed in trinitrobenzenesulfonic (T) acid-induced colitis in rats. Rats were randomly assigned to three different groups. Two groups (T and OS) of colitic rats and a control group (C) were studied. Group OS received 500 mg/(kg.d) of goat milk oligosaccharides orally, starting 2 d before the colitis induction until d 6, and groups T and C received the vehicle. When compared with the T group, the OS group showed decreased anorexia and body weight loss; reduced bowel wall thickening and longitudinal extension of necrotic lesions; downregulated colonic expression of interleukin 1beta, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase 2, and mucin 3; and increased trefoil factor 3. Thus, goat milk oligosaccharides have anti-inflammatory effects in rats with experimental colitis and may be useful in the management of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelali Daddaoua
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Spain
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18
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Lara-Villoslada F, Debras E, Nieto A, Concha A, Gálvez J, López-Huertas E, Boza J, Obled C, Xaus J. Oligosaccharides isolated from goat milk reduce intestinal inflammation in a rat model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Clin Nutr 2006; 25:477-88. [PMID: 16375993 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2005] [Accepted: 11/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is increased interest in the study of manipulation of the flora with pro- and prebiotics regarding inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of oligosaccharides from goat milk in a rat model of dextran sodium sulfate- (DSS-) induced colitis. METHODS Twenty rats were fed the same diet but with different sources of fiber (5% of the diet): cellulose or a mixture of goat's milk oligosaccharides (GMO) and cellulose. DSS treatment was used to induce a colonic inflammation. Several clinical and inflammatory parameters, as well as intestinal micorbiota and gene expression by DNA microarray technology, were evaluated. RESULTS DSS induced a decrease in body weight which was not observed in rats fed the GMO (decrease of 21+/-11% in control rats vs increase of 5.2+/-8.6 in GMO rats, P<0.05). DSS also caused an acute colonic inflammatory process which was weaker in rats fed the GMO, as shown by colon myeloperoxidase activity (0.53+/-0.16 vs 0.14+/-0.07U/mg of protein, P<0.05), as well as clinical symptoms measured by a scoring system (1.25+/-1.14 vs 0.4+/-0.07, P<0.05). GMO rats also showed less severe colonic lesions and a more favorable intestinal microbiota. The expression of genes involved in intestinal function, such as mucine-3, was down-regulated in DSS-control rats but returned to normal values in GMO rats. CONCLUSION GMO reduce intestinal inflammation and contribute to the recovery of damaged colonic mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Lara-Villoslada
- Department of Immunology and Animal Sciences. PULEVA BIOTECH, S.A. Camino de Purchil no. 66, 18004 Granada, Spain.
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Faure M, Moënnoz D, Montigon F, Mettraux C, Breuillé D, Ballèvre O. Dietary threonine restriction specifically reduces intestinal mucin synthesis in rats. J Nutr 2005; 135:486-91. [PMID: 15735082 DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.3.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined whether the steady-state levels of intestinal mucins are more sensitive than total proteins to dietary threonine intake. For 14 d, male Sprague-Dawley rats (158 +/- 1 g, n = 32) were fed isonitrogenous diets (12.5% protein) containing 30% (group 30), 60% (group 60), 100% (control group), or 150% (group 150) of the theoretical threonine requirement for growth. All groups were pair-fed to the mean intake of group 30. The mucin and mucosal protein fractional synthesis rates (FSR) did not differ from controls in group 60. By contrast, the mucin FSR was significantly lower in the duodenum, ileum, and colon of group 30 compared with group 100, whereas the corresponding mucosal protein FSR did not differ. Because mucin mRNA levels did not differ between these 2 groups, mucin production in group 30 likely was impaired at the translational level. Our results clearly indicate that restriction of dietary threonine significantly and specifically impairs intestinal mucin synthesis. In clinical situations associated with increased threonine utilization, threonine availability may limit intestinal mucin synthesis and consequently reduce gut barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Faure
- Nestlé Research Center, Nutrition and Health Department, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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