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Delgado MZ, Aranda FL, Hernandez-Tenorio F, Garrido-Miranda KA, Meléndrez MF, Palacio DA. Polyelectrolytes for Environmental, Agricultural, and Medical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1434. [PMID: 38794627 PMCID: PMC11124962 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, polyelectrolytes (PELs) have attracted significant interest owing to a surge in research dedicated to the development of new technologies and applications at the biological level. Polyelectrolytes are macromolecules of which a substantial portion of the constituent units contains ionizable or ionic groups. These macromolecules demonstrate varied behaviors across different pH ranges, ionic strengths, and concentrations, making them fascinating subjects within the scientific community. The aim of this review is to present a comprehensive survey of the progress in the application studies of polyelectrolytes and their derivatives in various fields that are vital for the advancement, conservation, and technological progress of the planet, including agriculture, environmental science, and medicine. Through this bibliographic review, we seek to highlight the significance of these materials and their extensive range of applications in modern times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zuñiga Delgado
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4070409, Chile (F.L.A.)
| | - Francisca L. Aranda
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4070409, Chile (F.L.A.)
- Department of Materials Engineering (DIMAT), Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepcion, 270 Edmundo Larenas, Box 160-C, Concepcion 4070409, Chile
| | - Fabian Hernandez-Tenorio
- Environmental Processes Research Group, School of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Universidad EAFIT, Medellin 050022, Colombia;
| | - Karla A. Garrido-Miranda
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Manuel F. Meléndrez
- Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Campus Las Tres Pascuales, Lientur 1457, Concepción 4060000, Chile
| | - Daniel A. Palacio
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4070409, Chile (F.L.A.)
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Weng T, Wang J, Yang M, Zhang W, Wu P, You C, Han C, Wang X. Nanomaterials for the delivery of bioactive factors to enhance angiogenesis of dermal substitutes during wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2022; 10:tkab049. [PMID: 36960274 PMCID: PMC8944711 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Dermal substitutes provide a template for dermal regeneration and reconstruction. They constitutes an ideal clinical treatment for deep skin defects. However, rapid vascularization remains as a major hurdle to the development and application of dermal substitutes. Several bioactive factors play an important regulatory role in the process of angiogenesis and an understanding of the mechanism of achieving their effective delivery and sustained function is vital. Nanomaterials have great potential for tissue engineering. Effective delivery of bioactive factors (including growth factors, peptides and nucleic acids) by nanomaterials is of increasing research interest. This paper discusses the process of dermal substitute angiogenesis and the roles of related bioactive factors in this process. The application of nanomaterials for the delivery of bioactive factors to enhance angiogenesis and accelerate wound healing is also reviewed. We focus on new systems and approaches for delivering bioactive factors for enhancing angiogenesis in dermal substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Weng
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310002,China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310002,China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310002,China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310002,China
| | - Pan Wu
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310002,China
| | - Chuangang You
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310002,China
| | - Chunmao Han
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310002,China
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Vauthier
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22 Strasbourg France
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Gupta P, Garcia E, Sarkar A, Kapoor S, Rafiq K, Chand HS, Jayant RD. Nanoparticle Based Treatment for Cardiovascular Diseases. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:33-44. [PMID: 29737265 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x18666180508113253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has gained increased attention for delivering therapeutic agents effectively to the cardiovascular system. Heart targeted nanocarrier based drug delivery is a new, effective and efficacious approach for treating various cardiac related disorders such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and myocardial infarction. Nanocarrier based drug delivery system circumvents the problems associated with conventional drug delivery systems, including their nonspecificity, severe side effects and damage to the normal cells. Modification of physicochemical properties of nanocarriers such as size, shape and surface modifications can immensely alter its invivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data and will provide better treatment strategy. Several nanocarriers such as lipid, phospholipid nanoparticles have been developed for delivering drugs to the target sites within the heart. This review summarizes and increases the understanding of the advanced nanosized drug delivery systems for treating cardiovascular disorders with the promising use of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Gupta
- Department of Immunology, Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, United States
| | - Evelyn Garcia
- Department of Immunology, Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, United States
| | - Amrita Sarkar
- Department of Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sumit Kapoor
- Beckman Coulter, Inc., 11800 SW 147th Ave, Miami, FL-33196, United States
| | - Khadija Rafiq
- Department of Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hitendra S Chand
- Department of Immunology, Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, United States
| | - Rahul Dev Jayant
- Department of Immunology, Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, United States
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Cheraghi M, Negahdari B, Daraee H, Eatemadi A. Heart targeted nanoliposomal/nanoparticles drug delivery: An updated review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 86:316-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Kulkarni AD, Vanjari YH, Sancheti KH, Patel HM, Belgamwar VS, Surana SJ, Pardeshi CV. Polyelectrolyte complexes: mechanisms, critical experimental aspects, and applications. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 44:1615-25. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1129624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Thiersch M, Rimann M, Panagiotopoulou V, Öztürk E, Biedermann T, Textor M, Lühmann TC, Hall H. The angiogenic response to PLL-g-PEG-mediated HIF-1α plasmid DNA delivery in healthy and diabetic rats. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4173-4182. [PMID: 23465832 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Impaired angiogenesis is a major clinical problem and affects wound healing especially in diabetic patients. Improving angiogenesis is a reasonable strategy to increase diabetes-impaired wound healing. Recently, our lab described a system of transient gene expression due to pegylated poly-l-lysine (PLL-g-PEG) polymer-mediated plasmid DNA delivery in vitro. Here we synthesized peptide-modified PLL-g-PEG polymers with two functionalities, characterized them in vitro and utilized them in vivo via a fibrin-based delivery matrix to induce dermal wound angiogenesis in diabetic rats. The two peptides were 1) a TG-peptide to covalently bind these nanocondensates to the fibrin matrix (TG-peptide) for a sustained release and 2) a polyR peptide to improve cellular uptake of these nanocondensates. In order to induce angiogenesis in vivo we condensed modified and non-modified polymers with plasmid DNA encoding a truncated form of the therapeutic candidate gene hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1α (HIF-1α). HIF-1α is the primarily oxygen-dependent regulated subunit of the heterodimeric transcription factor HIF-1, which controls angiogenesis among other physiological pathways. The truncated form of HIF-1α lacks the oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODD) and therefore escapes degradation under normoxic conditions. PLL-g-PEG polymer-mediated HIF-1α-ΔODD plasmid DNA delivery was found to lead to a transiently induced gene expression of angiogenesis-related genes Acta2 and Pecam1 as well as the HIF-1α target gene Vegf in vivo. Furthermore, HIF-1α gene delivery was shown to enhance the number endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells - precursors for mature blood vessels - during wound healing. We show that - depending on the selection of the therapeutic target gene - PLL-g-PEG nanocondensates are a promising alternative to viral DNA delivery approaches, which might pose a risk to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Thiersch
- Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Rimann
- Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Vasiliki Panagiotopoulou
- Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Ece Öztürk
- Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Biedermann
- Tissue Biology Research Unit University Children's Hospital Zurich, CH-8008, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Textor
- BioInterface Group, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Tessa C Lühmann
- Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Heike Hall
- Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland
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Chung E, Ricles LM, Stowers RS, Nam SY, Emelianov SY, Suggs LJ. Multifunctional nanoscale strategies for enhancing and monitoring blood vessel regeneration. NANO TODAY 2012; 7:514-531. [PMID: 28989343 PMCID: PMC5630157 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has great potential in biomedical applications, and specifically in regenerative medicine and vascular tissue engineering. Designing nanometer-sized therapeutic and diagnostic devices for tissue engineering applications is critical because cells experience and respond to stimuli on this spatial scale. For example, nanoscaffolds, including nanoscalestructured or nanoscale surface-modified vascular scaffolds, can influence cell alignment, adhesion, and differentiation to promote better endothelization. Furthermore, nanoscale contrast agents can be extended to the field of biomedical imaging to monitor and track stem cells to better understand the process of neovascularization. In addition, nanoscale systems capable of delivering biomolecules (e.g. peptides and angiogenic genes/proteins) can influence cell behavior, function, and phenotype to promote blood vessel regeneration. This review will focus on nanomedicine and nanoscale strategies applied to vascular tissue engineering. In particular, some of the latest research and potential applications pertaining to nanoscaffolds, biomedical imaging and cell tracking using nanoscale contrast agents, and nanodelivery systems of bioactive molecules applied to blood vessel regeneration will be discussed. In addition, the overlap between these three areas and their synergistic effects will be examined as related to vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunna Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, TX 78712-0238, USA
| | - Laura M. Ricles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, TX 78712-0238, USA
| | - Ryan S. Stowers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, TX 78712-0238, USA
| | - Seung Yun Nam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, TX 78712-0238, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0238, USA
| | - Stanislav Y. Emelianov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, TX 78712-0238, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0238, USA
| | - Laura J. Suggs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, TX 78712-0238, USA
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Selective Modification of Chitosan to Enable the Formation of Chitosan-DNA Condensates by Electron Donator Stabilization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1155/2011/146419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan, a polyaminosaccharide, has been investigated for its use in the field of drug-delivery and biomaterial applications because of its natural biocompatibility and polycationic properties. Chemical modifications of chitosan have been attempted in an effort to increase the transfection efficiency with respect to gene delivery applications; however, it is unknown how these modifications affect the formation of the condensates. This study attempts to determine the effects of modification of the cationic center of chitosan on the ability to condense DNA. Specifically, electron-donating or -withdrawing groups were used as modifiers of the cationic charge on the chitosan backbone to stabilize the protonated form of chitosan, which is necessary to form condensates and increase the efficiency of the polymer to condense DNA by yielding condensates at a lower nitrogen to phosphorous (N : P) ratio. While an N : P ratio of 7 is needed to condense DNA with unmodified chitosan, phthalate-modified chitosan yielded condensates were obtained at an N : P ratio of 1.0.
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Millili PG, Selekman JA, Blocker KM, Johnson DA, Naik UP, Sullivan MO. Structural and functional consequences of poly(ethylene glycol) inclusion on DNA condensation for gene delivery. Microsc Res Tech 2010; 73:866-77. [PMID: 20232467 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Polycationic polymers have been used to condense therapeutic DNA into submicron particles, offering protection from shear-induced or enzymatic degradation. However, the spontaneous nature of this self-assembly process gives rise to the formation of multimolecular aggregates, resulting in significant polyplex heterogeneity. Additionally, cytotoxicity issues and serum instability have limited the in vivo efficacy of such systems. One way these issues can be addressed is through the inclusion of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). PEG has known steric effects that inhibit polyplex self-aggregation. A variety of PEGylated gene delivery formulations have been previously pursued in an effort to take advantage of this material's benefits. Because of such interest, our aim was to further explore the consequences of PEG inclusion on the structure and activity of gene delivery vehicle formulations. We explored the complexation of plasmid DNA with varying ratios of a PEGylated trilysine peptide (PEG-K(3)) and 25-kDa polyethylenimine (PEI). Atomic force and scanning electron microscopy were utilized to assess the polyplex size and shape and revealed that a critical threshold of PEG was necessary to promote the formation of homogeneous polyplexes. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy analyses suggested that the presence of PEG inhibited transfection efficiency as a consequence of changes in intracellular trafficking and promoted an increased reliance on energy-independent mechanisms of cellular uptake. These studies provide new information on the role of PEG in delivery vehicle design and lay the foundation for future work aimed at elucidating the details of the intracellular transport of PEGylated polyplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Millili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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De Cock LJ, De Koker S, De Geest BG, Grooten J, Vervaet C, Remon JP, Sukhorukov GB, Antipina MN. Wirkstoffverabreichung mithilfe polymerer Mehrschichtkapseln. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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De Cock LJ, De Koker S, De Geest BG, Grooten J, Vervaet C, Remon JP, Sukhorukov GB, Antipina MN. Polymeric Multilayer Capsules in Drug Delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:6954-73. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Guo R, Xu S, Ma L, Huang A, Gao C. Enhanced angiogenesis of gene-activated dermal equivalent for treatment of full thickness incisional wounds in a porcine model. Biomaterials 2010; 31:7308-20. [PMID: 20598366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis of dermal equivalent is one of the key issues for treatment of full thickness skin defects. To develop a gene-activated bilayer dermal equivalent (BDE), N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), a cationic gene delivery vector, was used to form complexes with the plasmid DNA encoding vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (VEGF-165), which was then incorporated into a collagen-chitosan/silicone membrane scaffold. To evaluate the angiogenesis property in vivo, full thickness skin defects were made on the back of pigs, into which the TMC/pDNA-VEGF complexes loaded BDE and other three control BDEs, i.e. the blank BDE, and the BDEs loaded with pDNA-VEGF and TMC/pDNA-eGFP complexes, respectively, were transplanted. Biopsy specimens were harvested at day 7, 10 and 14 after surgery for histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting analyses. The results showed that the TMC/pDNA-VEGF group had the strongest VEGF expression in mRNA and protein levels, resulting in the highest densities of newly-formed and mature vessels. The ultra-thin skin graft was further transplanted onto the dermis regenerated by the TMC/pDNA-VEGF complexes loaded BDE at day 10 and well survived. At 112 days grafting, the healing skin had a similar structure and approximately 80% tensile strength of the normal skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Godin B, Sakamoto JH, Serda RE, Grattoni A, Bouamrani A, Ferrari M. Emerging applications of nanomedicine for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2010; 31:199-205. [PMID: 20172613 PMCID: PMC2862836 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is an emerging field that utilizes nanotechnology concepts for advanced therapy and diagnostics. This convergent discipline merges research areas such as chemistry, biology, physics, mathematics and engineering. It therefore bridges the gap between molecular and cellular interactions, and has the potential to revolutionize medicine. This review presents recent developments in nanomedicine research poised to have an important impact on the treatment of cardiovascular disease. This will occur through improvement of the diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular disorders as atherosclerosis, restenosis and myocardial infarction. Specifically, we discuss the use of nanoparticles for molecular imaging and advanced therapeutics, specially designed drug eluting stents and in vivo/ex vivo early detection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biana Godin
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHSC-H), Department of NanoMedicine and Biomedical Engineering, 1825 Pressler, Suite 537, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jason H. Sakamoto
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHSC-H), Department of NanoMedicine and Biomedical Engineering, 1825 Pressler, Suite 537, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Rita E. Serda
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHSC-H), Department of NanoMedicine and Biomedical Engineering, 1825 Pressler, Suite 537, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Alessandro Grattoni
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHSC-H), Department of NanoMedicine and Biomedical Engineering, 1825 Pressler, Suite 537, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Ali Bouamrani
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHSC-H), Department of NanoMedicine and Biomedical Engineering, 1825 Pressler, Suite 537, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHSC-H), Department of NanoMedicine and Biomedical Engineering, 1825 Pressler, Suite 537, Houston, TX 77030
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 422, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston, TX 77005
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Pathak Y, Thassu D, Deleers M. Pharmaceutical Applications of Nanoparticulate Drug-Delivery Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420008449.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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16
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Rivera-Gil P, De Koker S, De Geest BG, Parak WJ. Intracellular processing of proteins mediated by biodegradable polyelectrolyte capsules. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:4398-4402. [PMID: 19860453 DOI: 10.1021/nl902697j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer polyelectrolyte capsules made by layer-by-layer assembly of oppositely charged biodegradable polyelectrolytes were filled with a model of a nonactive prodrug, a self-quenched fluorescence-labeled protein. After capsule uptake by living cells, the walls of the capsules were actively degraded and digested by intracellular proteases. Upon capsule wall degradation, intracellular proteases could reach the protein cargo in the cavity of the capsules. Enzymatic fragmentation of the self-quenched fluorescence-labeled protein by proteases led to individual fluorescence-labeled peptides and thus revoked self-quenching of the dye. In this way nonactive (nonfluorescent) molecules were converted into active (fluorescent) molecules. The data demonstrates that biodegradable capsules are able to convert nonactive molecules (prodrugs) to active molecules (drugs) specifically only inside cells where appropriate enzymes are at hand. In this way only cargo inside the capsules reaching cells is activated, but not the cargo in capsules which remain extracellular. The peptide fragments undergo further processing inside the cells, leading ultimately to exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rivera-Gil
- Fachbereich Physik und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps Universität Marburg, Renthof 7, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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Nune SK, Gunda P, Thallapally PK, Lin YY, Forrest ML, Berkland CJ. Nanoparticles for biomedical imaging. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:1175-94. [PMID: 19743894 PMCID: PMC3097035 DOI: 10.1517/17425240903229031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic nanoparticles are emerging as versatile tools in biomedical applications, particularly in the area of biomedical imaging. Nanoparticles 1 - 100 nm in diameter have dimensions comparable to biological functional units. Diverse surface chemistries, unique magnetic properties, tunable absorption and emission properties, and recent advances in the synthesis and engineering of various nanoparticles suggest their potential as probes for early detection of diseases such as cancer. Surface functionalization has expanded further the potential of nanoparticles as probes for molecular imaging. OBJECTIVE To summarize emerging research of nanoparticles for biomedical imaging with increased selectivity and reduced nonspecific uptake with increased spatial resolution containing stabilizers conjugated with targeting ligands. METHODS This review summarizes recent technological advances in the synthesis of various nanoparticle probes, and surveys methods to improve the targeting of nanoparticles for their application in biomedical imaging. CONCLUSION Structural design of nanomaterials for biomedical imaging continues to expand and diversify. Synthetic methods have aimed to control the size and surface characteristics of nanoparticles to control distribution, half-life and elimination. Although molecular imaging applications using nanoparticles are advancing into clinical applications, challenges such as storage stability and long-term toxicology should continue to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish K Nune
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, PO Box 999, MSIN K6-81, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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Li T, Du Y, Wang E. Polyethyleneimine-Functionalized Platinum Nanoparticles with High Electrochemiluminescence Activity and Their Applications to Amplified Analysis of Biomolecules. Chem Asian J 2008; 3:1942-8. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sun Y, Tang Y, Chu M, Song S, Xin Y. A convenient and adjustable surface-modified complex containing poly-L-glutamic acid conjugates as a vector for gene delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2008; 3:249-56. [PMID: 18686784 PMCID: PMC2527664 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s2532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to quantify the amount of ligands or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on each vector, here we developed a system in which poly-L-glutamic acid (PLG) was used as surface modification loading backbone, to which one PEG (MW 5000, 10000, 20000) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) was linked. The PLG conjugates can electro-statically adsorb upon DNA/polycation complex with positive charge, and, the amount of EGF or PEG on the surface of complexes could be varied. We have made a series of complexes containing the various PLG conjugates and examined their physicochemical properties, and made a comparison of properties and transfection efficiency between these complexes. EGF- and PEG-modified complexes showed 10–25-folds higher cell transfection efficiency than unmodified complexes in medium with or without serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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Stanić V, Arntz Y, Richard D, Affolter C, Nguyen I, Crucifix C, Schultz P, Baehr C, Frisch B, Ogier J. Filamentous condensation of DNA induced by pegylated poly-L-lysine and transfection efficiency. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2048-55. [PMID: 18572920 DOI: 10.1021/bm800287z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we propose a detailed analysis of structural and morphological properties of two poly-L-lysine (PLL)-based transfection formulations, PLL/DNA and pegylated PLL (PLL-g-PEG)/DNA, by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Comparing PLL-g-PEG/DNA with PLL/DNA polyplexes, we demonstrate that, due to the presence of PEG, the particles differ not only in size, shape, and crystalline structure, but also in transfection efficiency. While PLL condensates DNA in large agglomerates, PLL grafted with polyethylene glycol 2000 can condensate DNA in long filaments with diameters of some nanometers (6-20 nm). These structures are dependent on the grafting ratio and are more efficient than compacted ones, showing that DNA uptake and processing by cell is directly related to physicochemical properties of the polyplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Stanić
- INSERM UMR 595, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, UFR d'Odontologie, Universite Louis Pasteur, F-67085 Strasbourg, France.
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Jewell CM, Lynn DM. Multilayered polyelectrolyte assemblies as platforms for the delivery of DNA and other nucleic acid-based therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:979-99. [PMID: 18395291 PMCID: PMC2476211 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Materials that provide spatial and temporal control over the delivery of DNA and other nucleic acid-based agents from surfaces play important roles in the development of localized gene-based therapies. This review focuses on a relatively new approach to the immobilization and release of DNA from surfaces: methods based on the layer-by-layer assembly of thin multilayered films (or polyelectrolyte multilayers, PEMs). Layer-by-layer methods provide convenient, nanometer-scale control over the incorporation of DNA, RNA, and oligonucleotide constructs into thin polyelectrolyte films. Provided that these assemblies can be designed in ways that permit controlled film disassembly under physiological conditions, this approach can contribute new methods for spatial and/or temporal control over the delivery of nucleic acid-based therapeutics in vitro and in vivo. We describe applications of layer-by-layer assembly to the fabrication of DNA-containing films that can be used to provide control over the release of plasmid DNA from the surfaces of macroscopic objects and promote surface-mediated cell transfection. We also highlight the application of these methods to the coating of colloidal substrates and the fabrication of hollow micrometer-scale capsules that can be used to encapsulate and control the release or delivery of DNA and oligonucleotides. Current challenges, gaps in knowledge, and new opportunities for the development of these methods in the general area of gene delivery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Jewell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David M. Lynn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Rimann M, Lühmann T, Textor M, Guerino B, Ogier J, Hall H. Characterization of PLL-g-PEG-DNA nanoparticles for the delivery of therapeutic DNA. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:548-57. [PMID: 18173226 DOI: 10.1021/bc7003439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Local and controlled DNA release is a critical issue in current gene therapy. As viral gene delivery systems are associated with severe security problems, nonviral gene delivery vehicles were developed. Here, DNA-nanoparticles using grafted copolymers of PLL and PEG to increase their biocompatibility and stealth properties were systematically studied. Ten different PLL-based polymers with no, low, and high PEG grafting and PEG molecular weights as well as different PLL backbone lengths were complexed with plasmids containing 3200 to 10,100 base pairs. Stable complexes were formed and selected for cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency. Predominantly, PLL-g-PEG-DNA nanoparticles grafted with 4 or 5% PEG moieties of 5 kDa transfected 40% COS-7 cells without reduction of cell viability when formed at N/P ratios between 0.1 and 12.5. The molecular weight of PLL did not significantly affect transfection efficiency or cytotoxicity indicating that a specific cationic charge-density-to-PEG-ratio is important for efficient transfection and low cytotoxicity. The PLL-g-PEG-DNA nanoparticles were spherical with a diameter of approximately 100 nm and did not aggregate over 2 weeks. Moreover, they protected included plasmid DNA against serum components and DNase I digestion. Therefore, such storage stable and versatile PLL-g-PEG-DNA nanoparticles might be useful to deliver differently sized therapeutic DNA for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rimann
- Cells and BioMaterials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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Tolmachov O, Coutelle C. Covalent attachment of multifunctional chimeric terminal proteins to 5' DNA ends: A potential new strategy for assembly of synthetic therapeutic gene vectors. Med Hypotheses 2006; 68:328-31. [PMID: 16997496 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The generation of synthetic therapeutic gene vectors requires the coupling of DNA to transfer-promoting peptides including cellular receptor ligands, protein transduction domains, hydrophobic peptides for attachment to lipid membranes, nuclear localisation signals, cytoskeleton attachment motifs, nuclear matrix association elements and immune evasion moieties. Existing methods of peptide-DNA joining often interfere with transgene expression and, therefore, are inadequate for production of effective therapeutic vector complexes, particularly destined for gene delivery in the challenging environment in vivo. However, there is a natural mechanism for rigid coupling of polypeptides with DNA. Some bacterial and eukaryotic linear plasmids, adenoviruses and a number of bacteriophages including phi29 of Bacillus subtilis and PRD1 of Escherichia coli use terminal proteins covalently bound to 5' DNA ends to prime replication. Inverted terminal DNA repeats, normally short DNA sequences, contain all the sequences required in cis for the covalent coupling reaction. The complex of the terminal protein, DNA polymerase and some known auxiliary proteins supplies sufficient trans-functions, thus enabling simple linking of the terminal proteins to DNA in vitro. We hypothesise that chimeric fusion proteins, constructed on the basis of terminal proteins of adenoviruses, linear plasmids or bacteriophages with protein-primed replication, can on the one hand retain the ability to bind covalently 5' DNA termini in conditions established previously for protein-primed replication in vitro, and on the other hand confer gene transfer facilitating properties and enhanced longevity of efficient transgene expression. Terminal localisation of the chimeric proteins can ensure that they do not interfere with transgene transcription. At the same time a covalent bond between polypeptide and DNA can provide rigid coupling ensuring their stable association en route to nuclei. Bound to 5'-ends of the delivered DNA, terminal protein-based chimeras could also protect the vector DNA from 5'-3' and possibly 3'-5' exonuclease attack, thus limiting its intracellular degradation and increasing longevity of transgene expression. Our hypothesis can be tested by measuring the gene transfer efficiency of the novel complexes containing linear DNA fragments with covalently linked multifunctional chimeric terminal proteins, using previously described synthetic gene vectors as standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Tolmachov
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Lavigne MD, Górecki DC. Emerging vectors and targeting methods for nonviral gene therapy. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2006; 11:541-57. [PMID: 16939390 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.11.3.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, nonviral vectors were outside the mainstream of gene transfer technology. Recent problems in clinical trials using viral vectors renewed interest in these methods. The clinical usefulness of nonviral methods is still hindered by their relatively low gene delivery/transgene expression efficiencies. Vectors must navigate a series of obstacles before the therapeutic gene can be expressed. This review considers these barriers and the properties of components of nonviral vectors that are essential for nucleic acid transfer. Although developments of new physical methods (hydrodynamic delivery, ultrasound, electroporation) have made a significant impact on gene transfer efficiency, various chemical carriers (lipids and polymers) have been shown to achieve high-level gene delivery and functional expression. Success of nonviral gene targeting will depend not only on the efficacy, but also safety of this methodology, and this aspect is also discussed. Understanding problems associated with nonviral targeting can also help in designing better viral vectors. In fact, interplay between viral and nonviral technologies should lead to a continued refinement of both methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu D Lavigne
- University of Portsmouth, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, St. Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, UK
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