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Ali SI, Elkhalifa AME, Nabi SU, Hayyat FS, Nazar M, Taifa S, Rakhshan R, Shah IH, Shaheen M, Wani IA, Muzaffer U, Shah OS, Makhdoomi DM, Ahmed EM, Khalil KAA, Bazie EA, Zawbaee KI, Al Hasan Ali MM, Alanazi RJ, Al Bataj IA, Al Gahtani SM, Salwi AJ, Alrodan LS. Aged garlic extract preserves beta-cell functioning via modulation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and sarco endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA)/Ca 2+ in diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:110. [PMID: 38778421 PMCID: PMC11110209 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral insulin resistance and compromised insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells are significant factors and pathogenic hallmarks of diabetes mellitus (DM). NF-κβ/TLR-4 and SERCA/Ca2+ pathways have been identified as potential pathways regulating insulin synthesis by preserving pancreatic β-cell functioning. The current study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) against DM in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat model with particular emphasis on pancreatic β-cell functioning. METHODS AGE was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate its physio-chemical characteristics followed by in-vitro anti-diabetic and antioxidant potential. This was followed by the induction of DM in laboratory animals for investigating the therapeutic action of AGE by evaluating the role of NF-κβ/TLR-4 and the SERCA/Ca2+ pathway. The parameters assessed in the present experimental setup encompassed antioxidant parameters, metabolic indicators, insulin concentration, intracellular calcium levels, apoptotic markers (CCK-8 and Caspase Glo-8), and protein expression (P-62 and APACHE-II). RESULTS AGE characterization by SEM, GC-MS, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the presence of phenylalanine, alliin, S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC), tryptophan, 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid as major bioactive constituents of AGE. Metabolic studies, including intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), revealed significantly lower blood glucose levels in the AGE group compared to the disease control group. In contrast, the intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (ITT) exhibited no significant difference in insulin sensitivity between the AGE supplementation group and the DM control group. Interestingly, AGE was found to have no significant effect on fasting glucose and serum insulin levels. In contrast, AGE supplementation was found to cause significant hypoglycaemia in postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels. Importantly, AGE causes restoration of intracellular Ca2+ levels by modulation of SERCA/Ca2 functioning and inhibition NF-κB/TLR-4 pathway. AGE was found to interact with and inhibit the DR-5/ caspase-8/3 apoptotic complex. Furthermore, microscopic studies revealed degeneration and apoptotic changes in pancreatic β-cells of the DM control group, while supplementation of AGE resulted in inhibition of apoptotic pathway and regeneration of pancreatic β-cells. CONCLUSION The current study suggests that AGE enhance glucose homeostasis by exerting their effects on pancreatic β-cells, without ameliorating peripheral sensitivity. Moreover, AGEs promote an increase in β-cell mass by mitigating the apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells. These findings suggest that AGE could aid in developing a viable alternative therapy for diabetes mellitus (DM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofi Imtiyaz Ali
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Ahmed M E Elkhalifa
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, 11673, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, 1158, Sudan.
| | - Showkat Ul Nabi
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.
| | | | - Mehak Nazar
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Syed Taifa
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Rabia Rakhshan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Iqra Hussain Shah
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Muzaffer Shaheen
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Imtiyaz Ahmad Wani
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Research, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190002, India
| | - Umar Muzaffer
- Department of Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ovais Shabir Shah
- Department of Sheep Husbandry, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Dil Mohammad Makhdoomi
- Directorate of Extension, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Elsadig Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 61922, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil A A Khalil
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 61922, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsharif A Bazie
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, 1158, Sudan
| | - Khalid Ibrahim Zawbaee
- Department of Blood Bank, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Al-Ghad International College for Applied Sciences, 155166, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moataz Mohamed Al Hasan Ali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, 1158, Sudan
| | - Rakan J Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, 50927, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saeed Musfar Al Gahtani
- Department of Blood Bank, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of King Saud, 11433, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Jubran Salwi
- Department of Blood Bank, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of King Saud, 11433, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina Saeed Alrodan
- Department of Blood Bank, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of King Saud, 11433, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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A Review of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity Properties of Piper Species. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196774. [PMID: 36235309 PMCID: PMC9573611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants are compounds that are able to inhibit the negative effects that come from free radicals. The phenomenon of imbalanced antioxidant production and the accumulation of free radicals in cells and tissues can cause oxidative stress. Excessive free radicals that enter the body cannot be warded off by endogenous antioxidant compounds so that the required antioxidant compounds can come from the outside, which helps in the performance of endogenous antioxidants. Antioxidants that come from outside consist of synthetic and natural antioxidants; however, synthetic antioxidants are not an option because they have toxic and carcinogenic effects. Therefore, the use of natural ingredients is an alternative method that is needed to create a new natural antioxidant compound. Piper species are being considered as possible medicinal plants for the development of new sources of antioxidants. Several studies have been carried out starting from the extract levels, fractions, and compounds of the Piper species, which showed good antioxidant activity. Currently, some of these plants are being used as ingredients in traditional medicines to treat allergies, toothaches, and coughs. This review examines the distribution, botanical data, pharmacology, especially antioxidant activity, and the compounds contained in five Piper species, namely Piper amalago L., Piper betle L., Piper hispidum Sw., Piper longum L., and Piper umbellatum L.
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Modulation of Inflammation by Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals in Tendinitis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102030. [PMID: 35631173 PMCID: PMC9143056 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendinitis (tendinopathy) is a pro-inflammatory and painful tendon disease commonly linked with mechanical overuse and associated injuries, drug abuse, and lifestyle factors (including poor diet and physical inactivity) that causes significant healthcare expenditures due to its high incidence. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is one of the major pro-inflammatory transcription factors, along with other inflammation signaling pathways, triggered by a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, endotoxins, physical and chemical stressors, hypoxia, and other pro-inflammatory factors. Their activation is known to regulate the expression of a multitude of genes involved in inflammation, degradation, and cell death. The pathogenesis of tendinitis is still poorly understood, whereas efficient and sustainable treatment is missing. Targeting drug suppression of the key inflammatory regulators represents an effective strategy for tendinitis therapy, but requires a comprehensive understanding of their principles of action. Conventional monotherapies are often ineffective and associated with severe side effects in patients. Therefore, agents that modulate multiple cellular targets represent therapeutic treatment potential. Plant-derived nutraceuticals have been shown to act as multi-targeting agents against tendinitis via various anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, whereat they were able to specifically modulate numerous signaling pathways, including NF-κB, p38/MAPK, JNK/STAT3, and PI3K/Akt, thus down-regulating inflammatory processes. This review discusses the utility of herbal nutraceuticals that have demonstrated safety and tolerability as anti-inflammatory agents for the prevention and treatment of tendinitis through the suppression of catabolic signaling pathways. Limitations associated with the use of nutraceuticals are also described.
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Banakar F, Ebrahim-Habibi A, Mohammad-Amoli M, Kheirbakhsh R, Sadeghi-Afjeh M, Shahriari S, Larijani B. Hydro alcoholic green tea extract effect on high fat diet treated NMRI mice and 3T3L1 cells. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:641-648. [PMID: 34178857 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In order to counteract the obesity has epidemics, since current anti-obesity drugs effects remain limited, there is a need to provide new options. As a project aiming to assess potential anti obesity natural compounds, the effects of consumption of a minimal dose of green tea hydro alcoholic extract (GT) on adipocyte differentiation of 3T3L1 cell line were investigated. Methods Obesity was induced in female NMRI mice (which are less used overall) by the use of a high fat diet. Mice were divided into four groups of control (C), treated control (TC), obese (O) and treated obese (TO). TC and TO groups received 8 mg/Kg/day of GT for 8 weeks, and weighted weekly, after what biochemical and histological parameters were measured. GT was used at doses of 100,150 and 200 µg/ml on 3T3L1, and staining with Oil-red-O was done for estimation of fat droplet accumulation. Results Body weight was found to be affected significantly by GT. Blood glucose levels did not show significant changes between groups, while triglycerides levels of the O group was significantly higher than the C group, but the TO group showed no significant difference with the C group upon GT treatment. Liver and visceral fat tissues showed more normalized tissue and less fat accumulation in the TO group. TO and TC groups showed an ameliorated morphologic state of liver tissues. GT was also able to decrease fat droplet formation in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions Adding a minimal amount of GT to the daily consumption may have preventive effects on fat accumulation in healthy subjects, while in obese cases, GT shows significant therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Banakar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism - Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Jalal-al-Ahmad Street, Chamran Highway, 1411713137 Tehran, Iran.,Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Jalal-al-Ahmad Street, Chamran Highway, 1411713137 Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Ebrahim-Habibi
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Jalal-al-Ahmad Street, Chamran Highway, 1411713137 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mohammad-Amoli
- Metabolic Disorders Research Centre, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Kheirbakhsh
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sadeghi-Afjeh
- Food and Drug Research Laboratory, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadab Shahriari
- Metabolic Disorders Research Centre, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism - Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Jalal-al-Ahmad Street, Chamran Highway, 1411713137 Tehran, Iran
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5
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Bioactive Compounds for Skin Health: A Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010203. [PMID: 33445474 PMCID: PMC7827176 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin is continually changing. The condition of the skin largely depends on the individual’s overall state of health. A balanced diet plays an important role in the proper functioning of the human body, including the skin. The present study draws attention to bioactive substances, i.e., vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, polyphenols, and carotenoids, with a particular focus on their effects on the condition of the skin. The aim of the study was to review the literature on the effects of bioactive substances on skin parameters such as elasticity, firmness, wrinkles, senile dryness, hydration and color, and to define their role in the process of skin ageing.
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Obrenovich ME, Jaskiw GE, Mana TSC, Bennett CP, Cadnum J, Donskey CJ. Urinary Metabolites of Green Tea as Potential Markers of Colonization Resistance to Pathogenic Gut Bacteria in Mice. Pathog Immun 2019; 4:271-293. [PMID: 31773068 PMCID: PMC6863553 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v4i2.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiome (GMB) generates numerous chemicals that are absorbed systemically and excreted in urine. Antibiotics can disrupt the GMB ecosystem and weaken its resistance to colonization by enteric pathogens such as Clostridium difficile. If the changes in GMB composition and metabolism are sufficiently large, they can be reflected in the urinary metabo-lome. Characterizing these changes could provide a potentially valuable biomarker of the status of the GMB. While preliminary studies suggest such a possibility, the high level of data variance presents a challenge to translational applications. Since many GMB-generated chemicals are derived from the biotransformation of plant-derived dietary polyphenols, administering an oral precursor challenge should amplify GMB-dependent changes in urinary metabolites. Methods A course of antibiotics (clindamycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, or aztreonam) was administered SC daily (days 1 and 2) to mice receiving polyphenol-rich green tea in drinking water. Urine was collected at baseline as well as days 3, 7, and 11. Levels of pyrogallol and pyrocatechol, two phenolic molecules unequivocally GMB-dependent in humans but that had not been similarly examined in mice, were quantified. Results In confirmation of our hypothesis, differential changes in murine urinary pyrogallol levels identified the treatments (clindamycin, piperacillin/tazobactam) previously associated with a weakening of colonization resistance to Clostridium difficile. The changes in pyrocatechol levels did not withstand corrections for multiple comparisons. Conclusions In the mouse, urinary pyrogallol and, in all likelihood, pyrocatechol levels, are GMB-dependent and, in combination with precursor challenge, deserve further consideration as potential metabolomic biomarkers for the health and dysbiotic vulnerability of the GMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Obrenovich
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service; Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (VANEOHS); Cleveland, Ohio.,Research Service; VANEOHS; Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Chemistry; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry; University of Toledo; Toledo, Ohio
| | - George E Jaskiw
- Psychiatry Service; VANEOHS; Cleveland, Ohio.,School of Medicine; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Curtis J Donskey
- School of Medicine; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland, Ohio.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center; VANEOHS; Cleveland, Ohio
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Tsuboi H, Takahashi M, Minamida Y, Yoshida N. Psychological well-being and green tea consumption are associated with lower pentosidine serum levels among elderly female residents in Japan. J Psychosom Res 2019; 126:109825. [PMID: 31520891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pentosidine (PEN), a well-defined advanced glycation end product (AGE), may be affected by psychological status, given the recent findings regarding AGE receptor functions. Because AGEs can be a factor in aging and in the development or worsening of many degenerative diseases, it is important to find a way to reduce the PEN levels in our body. This study aims to investigate novel factors associated with PEN levels. METHODS A cross-sectional study involving 106 female participants (aged 59-69) was conducted in a tea-producing district in Japan. The serum concentration of PEN was detected and evaluated in relation to the participants' psychological status, which was assessed using the Japanese version of the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and lifestyle factors. Factors that were significantly associated with PEN were analysed using multiple linear regression analyses. Significance was defined as p < .05. RESULTS The serum PEN concentrations were significantly and positively associated with the total GHQ scores and BMI after controlling for covariates (standardised beta coefficient (B) = 0.26, p < .01; B = 0.27, p < .01, respectively). In addition, the PEN levels were significantly lower in participants who consumed seven cups or more of green tea per day than those who consumed six or fewer cups per day (B = 0.19, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Low GHQ scores (i.e. better psychological well-being) and green tea consumption may be helpful in decreasing AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Tsuboi
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical & Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Takahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jyuzen Memorial Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuuki Minamida
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical & Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naoko Yoshida
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical & Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Parrado C, Philips N, Gilaberte Y, Juarranz A, González S. Oral Photoprotection: Effective Agents and Potential Candidates. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:188. [PMID: 29998107 PMCID: PMC6028556 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared ranges produces biologic effects in humans. Where some of these effects are beneficial, others are harmful to the skin, particularly those stemming from ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Pharmacological photoprotection can be topical or systemic. Systemic photoprotection is often administered orally, complementing topical protection. New and classic oral agents (e.g., essential micronutrients as vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, carotenoids) are endowed with photoprotective and anti-photocarcinogenic properties. These substances bear the potential to increase systemic protection against the effects of electromagnetic radiation in the UV, visible, and infrared ranges. Protective mechanisms vary and include anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. As such, they provide protection against UVR and prevent photo-induced carcinogenesis and aging. In this review, we present state of the art approaches regarding the photoprotective effects of vitamins and vitamin derivatives, dietary botanical, and non-botanical agents. A growing body of data supports the beneficial effects of oral photoprotection on the health of the skin. More studies will likely confirm and expand the positive impact of oral dietary botanicals as complementary measures for photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Parrado
- Department of Histology and Pathology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Neena Philips
- School of Natural Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ, United States
| | - Yolanda Gilaberte
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.,Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Angeles Juarranz
- Biology Department, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador González
- Medicine and Medical Specialties Department, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Alcalá University Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Yang L, Li X, Wu Z, Feng C, Zhang T, Dai S, Dong Q. Inhibition of Methylglyoxal-Induced Histone H1 N ε-Carboxymethyllysine Formation by (+)-Catechin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5812-5820. [PMID: 29758984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive dicarbonyl species (RCS) such as methylglyoxal (MGO) and glyoxal (GO) are common intermediates in protein damage, leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) through nonenzymatic glycation. (+)-Catechin, a natural plant extract from tea, has been evaluated for its ability in trapping GO and MGO. However, (+)-catechin is also reported to have both antioxidant ability and pro-oxidant properties. Until now, whether (+)-catechin can inhibit the formation of nonenzymatic glycation and the mechanism of the inhibition in nucleoprotein nonenzymatic glycation is still unclear. In the present study, histone H1 and MGO were used to establish an in vitro (100 mM phosphate buffer solution (PBS), pH 7.4, 37 °C) protein glycation model to study the trapping ability of (+)-catechin. Our data show that MGO caused dose-dependent protein damage, and the content of MGO-induced Schiff base formation was inhibited by (+)-catechin when the molecular ratio of catechin:MGO was 1:6. The formation of Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) was reduced significantly when the ratio of (+)-catechin and MGO was 1:1, which was similar to the inhibition effect of aminoguanidine (AG). The formation of CML under in vitro conditions can be inhibited by low concentration (12.5-100 μM) of (+)-catechin but not with high concentration (200-800 μM) of (+)-catechin. The reason is that the high concentration of (+)-catechin did not inhibit CML formations due to H2O2 produced by (+)-catechin. In the presence of catalase, catechin can inhibit MGO-induced CML formation. In conclusion, the trapping ability of (+)-catechin may be more effective at the early stage of nonenzymatic glycation. However, a high concentration (200-800 μM) of (+)-catechin may not inhibit the formation of CML because it induced the increase of H2O2 formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinping Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhen Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Cuixia Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
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Koc M, Bostanci B, Demirel OO, Genc F, Tekin K, Koban Y, Dincel AS, Sen M, Yilmazbas P. The Effect of Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) on Transepithelial Corneal Cross-Linking in Rabbits. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2017; 33:525-529. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2017.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Koc
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Basak Bostanci
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozbas Demirel
- Department of Biochemistry, Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Feyza Genc
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kemal Tekin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yaran Koban
- Department of Ophthalmology, FEBO, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | | | - Murat Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pelin Yilmazbas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Antioxidative effect of Assam Tea (Camellia sinesis Var. Assamica) extract on rice bran oil and its application in breakfast cereal. Food Chem 2017; 221:1733-1740. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Aged garlic has more potent antiglycation and antioxidant properties compared to fresh garlic extract in vitro. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39613. [PMID: 28051097 PMCID: PMC5209668 DOI: 10.1038/srep39613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein glycation involves formation of early (Amadori) and late advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) together with free radicals via autoxidation of glucose and Amadori products. Glycation and increased free radical activity underlie the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. This study investigated whether aged garlic has more potent antiglycation and antioxidant properties compared to fresh garlic extract in vitro in a cell-free system. Proteins were glycated by incubation with sugars (glucose, methylglyoxal or ribose) ±5–15 mg/mL of aged and fresh garlic extracts. Advanced glycation endproducts were measured using SDS-PAGE gels and by ELISA whereas Amadori products were assessed by the fructosamine method. Colorimetric methods were used to assess antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging capacity, protein-bound carbonyl groups, thiol groups and metal chelation activities in addition to phenolic, total flavonoid and flavonol content of aged and fresh garlic extracts. Aged garlic inhibited AGEs by 56.4% compared to 33.5% for an equivalent concentration of fresh garlic extract. Similarly, aged garlic had a higher total phenolic content (129 ± 1.8 mg/g) compared to fresh garlic extract (56 ± 1.2 mg/g). Aged garlic has more potent antiglycation and antioxidant properties compared to fresh garlic extract and is more suitable for use in future in vivo studies.
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Van Putte L, De Schrijver S, Moortgat P. The effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on dermal wound healing and scar formation: a systematic review. Scars Burn Heal 2016; 2:2059513116676828. [PMID: 29799552 PMCID: PMC5965313 DOI: 10.1177/2059513116676828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: With ageing, the skin gradually loses its youthful appearance and functions
like wound healing and scar formation. The pathophysiological theory of
Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) has gained traction during the last
decade. This review aims to document the influence of AGEs on the mechanical
and physiologic properties of the skin, how they affect dermal wound healing
and scar formation in high-AGE populations like elderly patients and
diabetics, and potential therapeutic strategies. Methods: This systematic literature study involved a structured search in Pubmed and
Web of Science with qualitative analysis of 14 articles after a three-staged
selection process with the use of in- and exclusion criteria. Results: Overall, AGEs cause shortened, thinned, and disorganized collagen fibrils,
consequently reducing elasticity and skin/scar thickness with increased
contraction and delayed wound closure. Documented therapeutic strategies
include dietary AGE restriction, sRAGE decoy receptors, aminoguanidine,
RAGE-blocking antibodies, targeted therapy, thymosin β4, anti-oxidant agents
and gold nanoparticles, ethyl pyruvate, Gal-3 manipulation and
metformin. Discussion: With lack of evidence concerning scars, no definitive conclusions can yet be
made about the role of AGEs on possible appearance or function of scar
tissue. However, all results suggest that scars tend to be more rigid and
contractile with persistent redness and reduced tendency towards hypertrophy
as AGEs accumulate. Conclusion: Abundant evidence supports the pathologic role of AGEs in ageing and dermal
wound healing and the effectiveness of possible therapeutic agents. More
research is required to conclude its role in scar formation and scar
therapy. Our skin is the body’s first line of defense. It is the barrier that protects us
from chemical and biological threats such as viruses, bacteria or corrosive
liquids. It is the sensor that allows us to detect physical threats like extreme
temperatures, pressure and pain. And when these preventative measures fail, the
skin has yet another property: the ability to heal. Skin changes visibly with age, most notably with the appearance of wrinkles.
However, there is more to ageing than meets the eye; invisible alterations cause
the decline of various functions of the skin, such as wound healing and scar
formation. An array of non-conclusive research has been done in this field. One
theory that has gained traction during the last decade is the Advanced Glycation
End products (AGEs) theory. The theory states that AGEs play an important role
in skin aging, wound healing and the effectiveness of different therapeutic
options. Their presence supposedly indicates a diminished ability for wound
healing and scar formation. AGEs are proteins to which sugar molecule is bound. The sugar molecule inhibits
the original protein from functioning properly. As skin contains many proteins
like collagen, the formation of these AGEs could be a viable explanation for the
diminished functioning with ageing. In this review, we investigated whether the
accumulation of AGEs affects wound healing and scar formation. Normal scar formation results in a thin scar. However, it may happen that
scarring results in thick, large, painful and itchy scars. We investigated
whether people with a high AGE content in their skin, like diabetics and
elderly, have difficulties forming aesthetically pleasing scars. Secondly, we
investigated which therapies reduce the AGE content and, if so, whether these
therapies can improve wound healing and scarring. This literature study involved
research in scientific databases with qualitative analysis of 14 articles after
a three-staged selection process with the use of set criteria. We found the different ways in which AGEs affect skin properties and wound
healing. Collagen, one of the most important proteins in the skin, is affected
by these AGEs. Once a sugar binds to it, the collagen strings becomes thinner
and shorter, and the different collagen proteins cross-link with each other in
an unstructured way. The result of these alterations is a reduced elasticity,
i.e. the skin becomes stiffer. The scar will be thinner and the time for wounds
to close is longer. We also found strategies to diminish the AGE content,
including dietary AGE restriction and Metformin, a drug used in diabetes. We can conclude that there is proof of AGEs playing an important role in skin
ageing, wound healing and the effectiveness of different therapeutic options.
However, more research is required to conclude the exact role of AGEs in scar
formation and scar therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennert Van Putte
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Schrijver
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Moortgat
- Oscare, Organisation for Burns, Scar After-care and Research, Antwerp, Belgium
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Kumar Pasupulati A, Chitra PS, Reddy GB. Advanced glycation end products mediated cellular and molecular events in the pathology of diabetic nephropathy. Biomol Concepts 2016; 7:293-309. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2016-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Degenerative changes such as glomerular hypertrophy, hyperfiltration, widening of basement membranes, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis and podocytopathy manifest in various degrees of proteinuria in DN. One of the key mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of DN is non-enzymatic glycation (NEG). NEG is the irreversible attachment of reducing sugars onto free amino groups of proteins by a series of events, which include the formation of Schiff’s base and an Amadori product to yield advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGE modification of client proteins from the extracellular matrix induces crosslinking, which is often associated with thickening of the basement membrane. AGEs activate several intracellular signaling cascades upon interaction with receptor for AGEs (RAGE), which manifest in aberrant cellular responses such as inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy, whereas other receptors such as AGE-R1, AGE-R3 and scavenger receptors also bind to AGEs and ensue endocytosis and degradation of AGEs. Elevated levels of both serum and tissue AGEs are associated with adverse renal outcome. Increased evidence supports that attenuation of AGE formation and/or inhibition of RAGE activation manifest(s) in improving renal function. This review provides insights of NEG, discusses the cellular and molecular events triggered by AGEs, which manifest in the pathogenesis of DN including renal fibrosis, podocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition and activation of renin-angiotensin system. Therapies designed to target AGEs, such as inhibitors of AGEs formation and crosslink breakers, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P. Swathi Chitra
- 2Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - G. Bhanuprakash Reddy
- 2Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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Younus H, Anwar S. Prevention of non-enzymatic glycosylation (glycation): Implication in the treatment of diabetic complication. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2016; 10:261-277. [PMID: 27103908 PMCID: PMC4825899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-enzymatic glycosylation (glycation) plays an important role in the development of physiological and pathophysiological processes such as aging, diabetes, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases and chronic renal failure. Preventing glycation can minimize diabetic complications. Glycation can be prevented by the natural defence system in the body, synthetic inhibitors and natural inhibitors. Synthetic inhibitors may prevent glycation through several possible mechanisms. They might inhibit the glycation by interfering with the attachment of sugars with proteins, by inhibiting the late stage of glycation or by preventing Amadori product formation. Furthermore, their ability to scavenge free radicals and to break cross-links might be other mechanisms responsible for their potential to inhibit glycation. Naturally occurring phytochemicals/products have been found to be relatively non-toxic as compared to synthetic compounds, and are inexpensive and available in an ingestible form. A large number of plants and natural biomolecules have been shown to have antidiabetic effects. Several hypoglycaemic compounds have anti-oxidant properties. The present review describes the various ways in which glycation can be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Younus
- Correspondence: H. Younus, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India. Tel.: +91 571 2720 388, Fax: +91 571 272 1776, E-mail:
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Sampath C, Zhu Y, Sang S, Ahmedna M. Bioactive compounds isolated from apple, tea, and ginger protect against dicarbonyl induced stress in cultured human retinal epithelial cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:200-13. [PMID: 26926182 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylglyoxal (MGO) is known to be a major precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which are linked to diabetes and its related complications. Naturally occurring bioactive compounds could play an important role in countering AGEs thereby minimizing the risk associated with their formation. METHODS In this study, eight specific bioactive compounds isolated from apple, tea and ginger were evaluated for their AGEs scavenging activity using Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial (H-RPE) cells treated with MGO. RESULTS Among the eight specific compounds evaluated, (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) from tea, phloretin in apple, and [6]-shogaol and [6]-gingerol from ginger were found to be most effective in preventing MGO-induced cytotoxicity in the epithelial cells. Investigation of possible underlying mechanisms suggests that that these compounds could act by modulating key regulative detoxifying enzymes via modifying nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) function. MGO-induced cytotoxicity led to increased levels of AGEs causing increase in Nε-(Carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) and glutathione (GSH) levels and over expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Data also showed that translocation of Nrf2 from cytosol to nucleus was inhibited, which decreased the expression of detoxifying enzyme like heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The most potent bioactive compounds scavenged dicarbonyl compounds, inhibited AGEs formation and significantly reduced carbonyl stress by Nrf2 related pathway and restoration of HO-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated the protective effect of bioactive compounds derived from food sources against MGO-induced carbonyl stress through activation of the Nrf2 related defense pathway, which is of significant importance for therapeutic interventions in complementary treatment/management of diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethan Sampath
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Yingdong Zhu
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, NC 28081, United States
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, NC 28081, United States
| | - Mohamed Ahmedna
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
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Scott A, Nordin C. Do Dietary Factors Influence Tendon Metabolism? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 920:283-9. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33943-6_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Pilkington SJ, Belden S, Miller RA. The Tricky Tear Trough: A Review of Topical Cosmeceuticals for Periorbital Skin Rejuvenation. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2015; 8:39-47. [PMID: 26430490 PMCID: PMC4587894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing demand for noninvasive anti-aging products for which the periorbital region serves as a critical aspect of facial rejuvenation. This article reviews a multitude of cosmeceutical ingredients that have good scientific data, specifically for the periorbital region. Topical treatment options have exponentially grown from extensively studied retinoids, to recently developed technology, such as growth factors and peptides. With a focus on the periorbital anatomy, the authors review the mechanisms of action of topical cosmeceutical ingredients, effectiveness of ingredient penetration through the stratum corneum, and validity of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Belden
- University Hospitals Regional Hospitals, Traditional Rotating Intern, Richmond Heights, Ohio
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Sharma C, Kaur A, Thind SS, Singh B, Raina S. Advanced glycation End-products (AGEs): an emerging concern for processed food industries. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:7561-76. [PMID: 26604334 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The global food industry is expected to increase more than US $ 7 trillion by 2014. This rise in processed food sector shows that more and more people are diverging towards modern processed foods. As modern diets are largely heat processed, they are more prone to contain high levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are a group of complex and heterogeneous compounds which are known as brown and fluorescent cross-linking substances such as pentosidine, non-fluorescent cross-linking products such as methylglyoxal-lysine dimers (MOLD), or non-fluorescent, non-cross linking adducts such as carboxymethyllysine (CML) and pyrraline (a pyrrole aldehyde). The chemistry of the AGEs formation, absorption and bioavailability and their patho-biochemistry particularly in relation to different complications like diabetes and ageing discussed. The concept of AGEs receptor - RAGE is mentioned. AGEs contribute to a variety of microvascular and macrovascular complications through the formation of cross-links between molecules in the basement membrane of the extracellular matrix and by engaging the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Different methods of detection and quantification along with types of agents used for the treatment of AGEs are reviewed. Generally, ELISA or LC-MS methods are used for analysis of foods and body fluids, however lack of universally established method highlighted. The inhibitory effect of bioactive components on AGEs by trapping variety of chemical moieties discussed. The emerging evidence about the adverse effects of AGEs makes it necessary to investigate the different therapies to inhibit AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Amarjeet Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - S S Thind
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Baljit Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Shiveta Raina
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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Inhibitory effect of polyphenols in Houttuynia cordata on advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) by trapping methylglyoxal. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
The rise in solar ultraviolet radiation on the earth's surface has led to a depletion of stratospheric ozone over recent decades, thus accelerating the need to protect human skin against the harmful effects of UV radiation such as erythema, edema, hyperpigmentation, photoaging, and skin cancer. There are many different ways to protect skin against UV radiation's harmful effects. The most popular way to reduce the amount of UV radiation penetrating the skin is topical application of sunscreen products that contain UV absorbing or reflecting active molecules. Based on their protection mechanism, the active molecules in sunscreens are broadly divided into inorganic and organic agents. Inorganic sunscreens reflect and scatter UV and visible radiation, while organic sunscreens absorb UV radiation and then re-emit energy as heat or light. These synthetic molecules have limited concentration according to regulation concern. Several natural compounds with UV absorption property have been used to substitute for or to reduce the quantity of synthetic sunscreen agents. In addition to UV absorption property, most natural compounds were found to act as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory agents, which provide further protection against the damaging effects of UV radiation exposure. Compounds derived from natural sources have gained considerable attention for use in sunscreen products and have bolstered the market trend toward natural cosmetics. This adds to the importance of there being a wide selection of active molecules in sunscreen formulations. This paper summarizes a number of natural products derived from propolis, plants, algae, and lichens that have shown potential photoprotection properties against UV radiation exposure-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisakorn Saewan
- School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiangrai, Thailand
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Abdul Karim A, Azlan A, Ismail A, Hashim P, Abd Gani SS, Zainudin BH, Abdullah NA. Phenolic composition, antioxidant, anti-wrinkles and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of cocoa pod extract. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:381. [PMID: 25292439 PMCID: PMC4195981 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocoa pod is an outer part of cocoa fruits being discarded during cocoa bean processing. Authors found out that data on its usage in literature as cosmetic materials was not recorded in vast. In this study, cocoa pod extract was investigated for its potential as a cosmetic ingredient. METHODS Cocoa pod extract (CPE) composition was accomplished using UHPLC. The antioxidant capacity were measured using scavenging assay of 1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching assay (BCB) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Inhibiting effect on skin degradation enzymes was carried out using elastase and collagenase assays. The skin whitening effect of CPE was determined based on mushroom tyrosinase assay and sun screening effect (UV-absorbance at 200-400 nm wavelength). RESULTS LC-MS/MS data showed the presence of carboxylic acid, phenolic acid, fatty acid, flavonoids (flavonol and flavones), stilbenoids and terpenoids in CPE. Results for antioxidant activity exhibited that CPE possessed good antioxidant activity, based on the mechanism of the assays compared with ascorbic acid (AA) and standardized pine bark extract (PBE); DPPH: AA > CPE > PBE; FRAP: PBE > CPE > AA; and BCB: BHT > CPE > PBE. Cocoa pod extract showed better action against elastase and collagenase enzymes in comparison with PBE and AA. Higher inhibition towards tyrosinase enzyme was exhibited by CPE than kojic acid and AA, although lower than PBE. CPE induced proliferation when tested on human fibroblast cell at low concentration. CPE also exhibited a potential as UVB sunscreen despite its low performance as a UVA sunscreen agent. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the CPE has high potential as a cosmetic ingredient due to its anti-wrinkle, skin whitening, and sunscreen effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azila Abdul Karim
- />Cocoa Innovation and Technology Centre, Malaysian Cocoa Board, PT12621, Nilai Industrial Area, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan Malaysia
| | - Azrina Azlan
- />Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- />Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- />Research Centre of Excellence, Nutrition and Non-communicable Disease, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Amin Ismail
- />Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Puziah Hashim
- />Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Siti Salwa Abd Gani
- />Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Badrul Hisyam Zainudin
- />Cocoa Innovation and Technology Centre, Malaysian Cocoa Board, PT12621, Nilai Industrial Area, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan Malaysia
| | - Nur Azilah Abdullah
- />Cocoa Innovation and Technology Centre, Malaysian Cocoa Board, PT12621, Nilai Industrial Area, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan Malaysia
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Meier Bürgisser G, Buschmann J. History and performance of implant materials applied as peritendinous antiadhesives. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 103:212-28. [PMID: 24810922 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Peritendinous fibrotic adhesions after tendon surgery are still a problem up-to-date. Approaches to overcome or at least minimize adhesion formation include implantation of barrier materials, application of lubricants or combinations of materials and functionalized drugs that are controllably released and support the healing tendon to glide and achieve the full range of motion after regeneration. Although a huge amount of different materials have been experimentally tested, the optimal strategy with respect to material and method has not yet been determined. In this review, we present a historical overview of physical barriers as well as liquid agents that have been used in order to prevent peritendinous adhesion formation. The materials are divided according to their first publication into two time frames; before and after 1980. There is no claim to include all materials tested neither will the "best" material be chosen; however, we present several materials that were experimentally tested in different animal trials as well as in clinical trials in contrast to other materials that were only tested once and disappeared from the assortment of anti-adhesives; which as such is a valuable information about its applicability for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Meier Bürgisser
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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Li Y, Fessel G, Georgiadis M, Snedeker JG. Advanced glycation end-products diminish tendon collagen fiber sliding. Matrix Biol 2013; 32:169-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Gkogkolou P, Böhm M. Advanced glycation end products: Key players in skin aging? DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2013; 4:259-70. [PMID: 23467327 PMCID: PMC3583887 DOI: 10.4161/derm.22028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the progressive accumulation of damage to an organism over time leading to disease and death. Aging research has been very intensive in the last years aiming at characterizing the pathophysiology of aging and finding possibilities to fight age-related diseases. Various theories of aging have been proposed. In the last years advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have received particular attention in this context. AGEs are formed in high amounts in diabetes but also in the physiological organism during aging. They have been etiologically implicated in numerous diabetes- and age-related diseases. Strategies inhibiting AGE accumulation and signaling seem to possess a therapeutic potential in these pathologies. However, still little is known on the precise role of AGEs during skin aging. In this review the existing literature on AGEs and skin aging will be reviewed. In addition, existing and potential anti-AGE strategies that may be beneficial on skin aging will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Gkogkolou
- Department of Dermatology; Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology of the Skin and Interdisciplinary Endocrinology; University of Münster; Münster, Germany
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Kulawik P, Ozogul F, Glew R, Ozogul Y. Significance of antioxidants for seafood safety and human health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:475-91. [PMID: 23256644 DOI: 10.1021/jf304266s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The demand for high-quality seafood products is constantly growing worldwide. Nevertheless, seafood is susceptible to rapid rancidity mainly due to lipid oxidation and microbiological spoilage. Thus, treatment with antioxidants offers a preservation technique that can prolong the shelf life of seafood. However, because of food safety and health concerns about the use of synthetic antioxidants, there is growing interest in the application of natural antioxidants, mainly plant extracts and compounds, as an alternate means of confronting the problem of lipid oxidation. In this review, up-to-date information and recent discoveries about different naturally occurring antioxidants on the oxidation progress, synthetic antioxidants and their health concerns, health benefits of antioxidants, antioxidants used for seafood, and food safety concerns are addressed. The antibacterial effects of natural antioxidants are also reviewed. Finally, the most effective methods for analyzing a wide range of antioxidants in plants are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kulawik
- Institute of Animal Food Processing, Department of Food Technology, University of Agriculture of Cracow, 31-120 Cracow, Poland
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Peng X, Ma J, Chen F, Wang M. Naturally occurring inhibitors against the formation of advanced glycation end-products. Food Funct 2011; 2:289-301. [PMID: 21779567 DOI: 10.1039/c1fo10034c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are the final products of the non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and amino groups in proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Recently, the accumulation of AGEs in vivo has been implicated as a major pathogenic process in diabetic complications, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and normal aging. The early recognition of AGEs can ascend to the late 1960s when a non-enzymatic glycation process was found in human body which is similar to the Maillard reaction. To some extent, AGEs can be regarded as products of the Maillard reaction. This review firstly introduces the Maillard reaction, the formation process of AGEs and harmful effects of AGEs to human health. As AGEs can cause undesirable diseases or disorders, it is necessary to investigate AGE inhibitors to offer a potential therapeutic approach for the prevention of diabetic or other pathogenic complications induced by AGEs. Typical effective AGE inhibitors with different inhibition mechanisms are also reviewed in this paper. Both synthetic compounds and natural products have been evaluated as inhibitors against the formation of AGEs. However, considering toxic or side effects of synthetic molecules present in clinical trials, natural products are more promising to be developed as potent AGE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Peng
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Lv L, Shao X, Chen H, Ho CT, Sang S. Genistein Inhibits Advanced Glycation End Product Formation by Trapping Methylglyoxal. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:579-86. [DOI: 10.1021/tx100457h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lishuang Lv
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University, 122# Ninghai Road, Nanjing, 210097, P. R. China
| | - Xi Shao
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Huadong Chen
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
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Wu CH, Huang SM, Lin JA, Yen GC. Inhibition of advanced glycation endproduct formation by foodstuffs. Food Funct 2011; 2:224-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c1fo10026b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Obrenovich ME, Nair NG, Beyaz A, Aliev G, Reddy VP. The role of polyphenolic antioxidants in health, disease, and aging. Rejuvenation Res 2010; 13:631-43. [PMID: 20818981 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2010.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic antioxidants from dietary sources are frequently a topic of interest due to widespread scientific agreement that they may help lower the incidence of certain cancers, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and DNA damage and even may have antiaging properties. On the other hand, questions still remain as to whether some antioxidants could be potentially harmful to health, because an increase in glycation-mediated protein damage (carbonyl stress) has been reported in some cases. Nevertheless, the quest for healthy aging has led to the extensive use of phytochemically derived antioxidants to disrupt age-associated deterioration in physiological function and to prevent many age-related diseases. Although a diet rich in the polyphenolic forms of antioxidants does seem to offer hope in delaying the onset of age-related disorders, it is still too early to define their exact clinical benefit for treating age-related disease. This review critically examines polyphenolic antioxidants, such as flavonoids, curcumene, and resveratrol in health, disease, and aging with the hope that a better understanding of the many mechanisms involved with these diverse compounds may lead to better health and novel treatment approaches for age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Obrenovich
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Levin J, Momin SB. How much do we really know about our favorite cosmeceutical ingredients? THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2010; 3:22-41. [PMID: 20725560 PMCID: PMC2921764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
To date, we are unaware of a review that has investigated common cosmeceutical ingredients in order to answer the three specific questions proposed by the father of cosmeceuticals, Dr. Albert Kligman. It is the goal of this review to gather all the published scientific data on five common cosmeceutical ingredients, answer the three major questions about the scientific rationale for their use, and ascertain how much we really know about consumers' favorite cosmeceutical ingredients.Most of the research concerning cosmeceutical retinoid ingredients is based upon the effects of retinoic acid on the skin. Clinical trials concerning retinol and retinaldehyde are scant and lacking in statistical evaluation for significance. There is research substantiating the effects of kinetin in plants and also in-vitro antioxidant effects. However, proof of anti-aging activity remains elusive, and the clinical efficacy of kinetin is based on limited data. Niacinamide is the ingredient investigated that most closely upholds the "Kligman standards" of cosmeceutical-ingredient analysis. With the available scientific evidence on topical niacinamide, clinicians are able to adequately answer questions about permeability, mechanism, and clinical effect. Both green tea and soy have been popularized commercially based on their antioxidant effects, yet there is a paucity of clinical studies concerning their efficacy as topical anti-aging agents. It may be that soy and green tea are better at preventing the signs and symptoms of skin aging than actually reversing them. Since cosmeceutical products are claiming to therapeutically affect the structure and function of the skin, it is rational and necessary to hold them to specified scientific standards that substantiate efficacy claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn Levin
- Dr. Levin is from the Mohave Skin & Cancer Clinics, Dermatology Research Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
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Tan D, Wang Y, Lo CY, Sang S, Ho CT. Methylglyoxal: its presence in beverages and potential scavengers. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1126:72-5. [PMID: 18448797 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1433.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nonenzymic glycation, also known as the Maillard reaction, is a complex series of reactions between reducing sugars and amino compounds. Previous studies have demonstrated that reactive dicarbonyl compounds (e.g., methylglyoxal [MG] and glyoxal [GO]), formed as intermediate products of the Maillard reaction, irreversibly and progressively modify proteins over time and yield advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are thought to contribute to the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Several studies have shown that higher levels of MG are present in diabetic patients' plasma than in healthy people's plasma. Thus, decreasing the levels of MG and GO will be an effective approach to reduce the formation of AGEs and the development of diabetic complications. Here, we briefly describe our effort in searching for non- or less-toxic trapping agents of reactive dicarbonyl species from dietary sources. In addition, we have discovered that commercial beverages contain extremely high levels of MG. The potential hazardous effects of dietary MG on humans remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Tan
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8529, USA
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Abstract
The use of topical antioxidants is gaining favor among dermatologists because of their broad biologic activity. Many are not only antioxidants but also have antiinflammatory and anticarcinogenic activities. Thus for dermatologists these cosmeceuticals have many potential applications. In general, topical antioxidants exert their effects by down-regulating free radical mediated pathways that damage skin. The present study will describe the science behind some of the newest topical antioxidants and outline how they can be used as part of a comprehensive skin care regimen.
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Babu PVA, Sabitha KE, Shyamaladevi CS. Effect of green tea extract on advanced glycation and cross-linking of tail tendon collagen in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:280-5. [PMID: 17884275 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2005] [Revised: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes leads to modification of collagen such as advanced glycation and cross-linking which play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. We have investigated the effect of green tea on modification of collagen in streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight) induced diabetic rats. To investigate the therapeutic effect of green tea, treatment was begun six weeks after the onset of diabetes and green tea extract (300 mg/kg body weight) was given orally for 4 weeks. The collagen content, extent of advanced glycation, advanced glycation end products (AGE) and cross-linking of tail tendon collagen were investigated. Green tea reduced the tail tendon collagen content which increased in diabetic rats. Accelerated advanced glycation and AGE in diabetic animals, as detected by Ehrlich's-positive material and collagen linked fluorescence respectively were reduced significantly by green tea. The solubility of tail tendon collagen decreased significantly in diabetic rats indicating a remarkable increase in the cross-linking, whereas green tea increases the solubility of collagen in diabetic rats. The present study reveals that green tea is effective in reducing the modification of tail tendon collagen in diabetic rats. Thus green tea may have a therapeutic effect in the treatment of glycation induced complications of diabetes.
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Pokorný J. Are natural antioxidants better – and safer – than synthetic antioxidants? EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200700064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ahmad MS, Pischetsrieder M, Ahmed N. Aged garlic extract and S-allyl cysteine prevent formation of advanced glycation endproducts. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 561:32-8. [PMID: 17321518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Revised: 01/09/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia causes increased protein glycation and the formation of advanced glycation endproducts which underlie the complications of diabetes and ageing. Glycation is accompanied by metal-catalysed oxidation of glucose and Amadori products to form free radicals capable of protein fragmentation. Aged garlic extract is a potent antioxidant with established lipid-lowering effects attributed largely to a key ingredient called S-allyl cysteine. This study investigated the ability of aged garlic extract and S-allyl cysteine to inhibit advanced glycation in vitro. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was glycated in the presence of Cu(2+) ions and different concentrations of aged garlic extract and protein fragmentation was examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Lysozyme was glycated by glucose or methylglyoxal in the presence of different concentrations of aged garlic extract or S-allyl cysteine with subsequent analysis of glycation-derived crosslinking using SDS-PAGE. Amadori-rich protein was prepared by dialysing lysozyme that had been glycated by ribose for 24 h. This ribated lysozyme was reincubated and the effects of aged garlic extract, S-allyl cysteine and pyridoxamine on glycation-induced crosslinking was monitored. Aged garlic extract inhibited metal-catalysed protein fragmentation. Both aged garlic extract and S-allyl cysteine inhibited formation of glucose and methylglyoxal derived advanced glycation endproducts and showed potent Amadorin activity when compared to pyridoxamine. S-allyl cysteine inhibited formation of carboxymethyllysine (CML), a non-crosslinked advanced glycation endproduct derived from oxidative processes. Further studies are required to assess whether aged garlic extract and S-allyl cysteine can protect against the harmful effects of glycation and free radicals in diabetes and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed Ahmad
- School of Biology, Chemistry and Health Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Oxford Road, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
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Abstract
Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly its UV-B component (280-320 nm), from the sun results in erythema, edema, hyperplasia, hyperpigmentation, sunburn cells, immunosuppression, photoaging, and skin cancer. Amongst these various adverse effects of UV-B radiation, skin cancer and photoaging are of great concern. More recent changes in lifestyle have led to a significant increase in the amount of UV-B radiation people receive leading to a surge in the incidence of skin cancer and photoaging. As these trends are likely to continue in the foreseeable future, the adverse effect of UV-B has become a major human health concern. Therefore, development of novel strategies to reduce the occurrence of skin cancer and delay the process of photoaging are highly desirable goals. One approach to reduce their occurrence is through photochemoprevention, which we define as the use of agents capable of ameliorating the adverse effects of UV-B on the skin. Photochemoprevention via use of botanical antioxidants, present in the common diet of human have gained considerable attention as photochemopreventive agents for human use. Many such agents have also found a place in skin care products. This review will focus on the effects of selected botanical antioxidants in the prevention of photocarcinogenesis and photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Afaq
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706, USA
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Babu PVA, Sabitha KE, Shyamaladevi CS. Therapeutic effect of green tea extract on advanced glycation and cross-linking of collagen in the aorta of streptozotocin diabetic rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006; 33:351-7. [PMID: 16620300 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
1. The therapeutic effect of green tea extract (GTE) on the aortic collagen content and its characteristics were investigated in streptozotocin diabetic rats. 2. Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intra peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg bodyweight). Six weeks after diabetes induction, GTE was administered orally for four weeks (300 mg/kg bodyweight daily). Systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, anti-oxidant status, collagen content, extent of glycation, collagen linked fluorescence and aortic collagen solubility pattern were determined in experimental rats. 3. At the end of the experimental period, there was a significant increase in the systolic blood pressure and blood glucose in diabetic rats. The lipid peroxides increased whereas glutathione and vitamin C levels were decreased in the serum of diabetic rats. The collagen content, extent of glycation, the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and degree of cross-linking were increased in the aorta of diabetic rats. 4. The oral administration of GTE to diabetic rats significantly reduced the systolic blood pressure and blood glucose. The level of lipid peroxides reduced and the content of glutathione and vitamin C increased in the serum of GTE treated diabetic rats. Green tea extract also impede the accumulation of aortic collagen, extent of glycation, formation of AGEs and cross-linking of collagen in diabetic rats. The antihyperglycemic, anti-oxidant and antiglycating effects of GTE ascribed for these beneficial effects. In conclusion, green tea may have therapeutic effect in the treatment of cardiovascular complications characterized by increased AGE accumulation and protein cross-linking associated with diabetes.
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Schmitt HP. ε-Glycation, APP and Aβ in ageing and Alzheimer disease: A hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2006; 66:898-906. [PMID: 16442744 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2005] [Accepted: 11/17/2005] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The post-translational modifications of protein molecules include glycation, which may not only occur enzymatically controlled in N and O position, but also wherever proteins meet reducing sugars non-enzymatically in epsilon position at lysines (non-enzymatic (epsilon) glycation (NEG)). The formation of keto-amines from the amine-sugar compounds (Amadori re-arrangement) and further processing of the largely undigestible Amadori compounds eventually results in insoluble advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The latter can induce or favour disease including mental disorders. Preferential targets of NEG include large cell surface proteins. Ample evidence has been provided that NEG also occurs in the brain where cross-linking of epsilon-glycated proteins, induction of oxidative stress and signalling of AGEs through their specific receptor (RAGE) likely play a role in (brain) ageing and Alzheimer disease (AD). This is underscored by the demonstration of particular interactions between AGE/RAGE and amyloid-beta (Abeta) that favour the aggregation and deposition of Abeta and, perhaps, the formation of Abeta itself. The close relationship between NEG and Abeta, as well as other facts foster the hypothesis that NEG of the large trans-membrane amyloid precursor protein (APP) might be a significant factor in the induction of aberrant APP cleavage with production of Abeta, not only in normal ageing, but also in AD. Blockade of lysine cleavage sites on APP by sugar chains or marker effects induced by NEG akin to ubiquitination of proteins for degradation at lysines could be expected to contribute to altered processing of APP. The hypothesis of epsilon-glycation in APP proposed here and the review of evidences for the significance of NEG in brain ageing and AD are aimed at the stimulation of investigations into the still open question which role NEG plays with respect to APP and its abnormal processing in AD. It can be rendered likely that such research might open new avenues towards decreasing the risk of AD and/or slowing its progression through the prevention of NEG in APP with aberrant APP processing, increased generation of Abeta and the formation of AGEs from epsilon-glycated APP.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Peter Schmitt
- Institute of Pathology, Department for Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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Abstract
Plant extracts have been widely used as topical applications for wound-healing, anti-aging, and disease treatments. Examples of these include ginkgo biloba, echinacea, ginseng, grape seed, green tea, lemon, lavender, rosemary, thuja, sarsaparilla, soy, prickly pear, sagebrush, jojoba, aloe vera, allantoin, feverwort, bloodroot, apache plume, and papaya. These plants share a common character: they all produce flavonoid compounds with phenolic structures. These phytochemicals are highly reactive with other compounds, such as reactive oxygen species and biologic macromolecules, to neutralize free radicals or initiate biological effects. A short list of phenolic phytochemicals with promising properties to benefit human health includes a group of polyphenol compounds, called catechins, found in green tea. This article summarizes the findings of studies using green tea polyphenols as chemopreventive, natural healing, and anti-aging agents for human skin, and discusses possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hsu
- Department of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912-1126, USA.
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Vinson JA, Zhang J. Black and green teas equally inhibit diabetic cataracts in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of diabetes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:3710-3713. [PMID: 15853424 DOI: 10.1021/jf048052l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Green and black teas were given at 1.25% in the drinking water to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for 3 months. Normal and diabetic control groups were also studied. As expected, diabetic animals had significantly increased glucose in lens and plasma. Lens and red blood cell sorbitol were significantly increased as a result of the aldose reductase pathway activation. Plasma and lens lipid thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and protein glycation were also significantly elevated. Both teas significantly inhibited diabetic cataracts and caused significant reductions in the biochemical pathway implicated in the development of the pathology. After corrections for glucose, it was found that the teas retard the development of diabetic cataracts by a hypoglycemic effect that in turn inhibits the biochemical indicators of pathology. There were significant correlations between glucose, cataract score, and these indicators. Green tea but not black tea caused a significant decline in triglycerides in the diabetic animals. Tea may be a simple, inexpensive means of preventing or retarding human diabetes and the ensuing complications. Tea also should be investigated as an adjunct therapy for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe A Vinson
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola Hall, University of Scranton, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18510-4626, USA.
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Mustata GT, Rosca M, Biemel KM, Reihl O, Smith MA, Viswanathan A, Strauch C, Du Y, Tang J, Kern TS, Lederer MO, Brownlee M, Weiss MF, Monnier VM. Paradoxical effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) and antioxidant vitamins in diabetic rats: improved retinopathy and renal mitochondrial defects but deterioration of collagen matrix glycoxidation and cross-linking. Diabetes 2005; 54:517-26. [PMID: 15677510 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.54.2.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that green tea prevents diabetes-related tissue dysfunctions attributable to oxidation. Diabetic rats were treated daily with tap water, vitamins C and E, or fresh Japanese green tea extract. After 12 months, body weights were decreased, whereas glycated lysine in aorta, tendon, and plasma were increased by diabetes (P < 0.001) but unaffected by treatment. Erythrocyte glutathione and plasma hydroperoxides were improved by the vitamins (P < 0.05) and green tea (P < 0.001). Retinal superoxide production, acellular capillaries, and pericyte ghosts were increased by diabetes (P < 0.001) and improved by green tea and the vitamins (P variable). Lens crystallin fluorescence at 370/440 nm was ameliorated by green tea (P < 0.05) but not the vitamins. Marginal effects on nephropathy parameters were noted. However, suppressed renal mitochondrial NADH-linked ADP-dependent and dinitrophenol-dependent respiration and complex III activity were improved by green tea (P variable). Green tea also suppressed the methylglyoxal hydroimidazolone immunostaining of a 28-kDa mitochondrial protein. Surprising, glycoxidation in tendon, aorta, and plasma was either worsened or not significantly improved by the vitamins and green tea. Glucosepane cross-links were increased by diabetes (P < 0.001), and green tea worsened total cross-linking. In conclusion, green tea and antioxidant vitamins improved several diabetes-related cellular dysfunctions but worsened matrix glycoxidation in selected tissues, suggesting that antioxidant treatment tilts the balance from oxidative to carbonyl stress in the extracellular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgian T Mustata
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, 2085 Adelbert Rd., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Guslandi M. Green tea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004; 19:1135. [PMID: 15142206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01953.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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