1
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Frederiks NC, Heaney DD, Kreinbihl JJ, Johnson CJ. The Competition between Hydrogen, Halogen, and Covalent Bonding in Atmospherically Relevant Ammonium Iodate Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1165-1175. [PMID: 36595580 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Iodine-containing clusters are expected to be central to new particle formation (NPF) events in polar and midlatitude coastal regions. Iodine oxoacids and iodine oxides are observed in newly formed clusters, and in more polluted midlatitude settings, theoretical studies suggest ammonia may increase growth rates. Structural information was obtained via infrared (IR) spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations for a series of clusters containing ammonia, iodic acid, and iodine pentoxide. Structures for five of the smallest cationic clusters present in the mass spectrum were identified, and four of the structures were found to preferentially form halogen and/or covalent bonds over hydrogen bonds. Ammonia is important in proton transfer from iodic acid components and also provides a scaffold to template the formation of a halogen and covalent bonded backbone. The calculations executed for the two largest clusters studied suggested the formation of a covalent I3O8- anion within the clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline C Frederiks
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York11794, United States
| | - Danika D Heaney
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York11794, United States
| | - John J Kreinbihl
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York11794, United States
| | - Christopher J Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York11794, United States
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2
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Tang B, Li Z. Mechanisms of Reactions between HOI and HY (Y = Cl, Br, I) on a Water Nanodroplet Surface. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8028-8036. [PMID: 36260343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iodine chemistry has a broad range of implications for atmospheric processes including new particle formation. Hypoiodous acid (HOI) is a major iodine reservoir species. Its heterogeneous recycling in marine aerosols influences the lifetime of ozone in the troposphere. One important step of such recycling is the reaction between HOI and HY (Y = Cl, Br, I). In this article, we employ ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and quantum chemistry to investigate these reactions at the surface of atmospheric aerosols. Di-halogen (XY) can be formed in a picosecond time scale, with the formation of a loop structure connected by hydrogen and halogen bonds. The photolysis of XY at the surface of an aerosol is faster than in the gas phase. In addition to the formation of di-halogen, a new pathway to forming a [H2O···I···OH2]+ complex by the direct or indirect proton transition is identified. Results presented in this study deepen our understanding of the faster iodine-heterogeneous recycling at the surface of aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
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3
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Gupta P, Rajakumar B. Reaction kinetics of a series of alkanes with ClO and BrO radicals: A theoretical study. INT J CHEM KINET 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parth Gupta
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India
| | - B. Rajakumar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India
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4
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Wada R, Tonokura K, Koba S, Imamura T, Nakai K, Ushiyama H, Yamashita K, Matsumi Y, Enami S, Seakins PW. Theoretical study on the enthalpies of adduct formation between alkyl iodides and chlorine atoms. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Investigation of the neutral and cation chloroacetone molecular structures and spectroscopic properties by ab initio and density functional theory methods. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Gupta P, Rajakumar B. Reaction kinetics of a series of alkenes with ClO and BrO radicals: A theoretical study. INT J CHEM KINET 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parth Gupta
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India
| | - B. Rajakumar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India
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7
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Liu SS, He Z, Yang GP. Bromoform, dibromochloromethane, and dibromomethane over the East China Sea and the western Pacific Ocean: Oceanic emission and spatial variation. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 257:127151. [PMID: 32470539 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spatial distributions of bromocarbons, including bromoform (CHBr3), dibromochloromethane (CHBr2Cl), and dibromomethane (CH2Br2), and influential oceanographic parameters that determine their concentrations were measured in the marine atmosphere and seawater of the East China Sea (ECS) and western Pacific Ocean during two cruises from 14 to 24 September, 2017 and from 5 October to 3 December, 2018. The atmospheric concentrations of CHBr3, CHBr2Cl, and CH2Br2 were 0.33-3.02, 0.16-1.96, and 0.85-1.75 pptv over the western Pacific Ocean and 2.23-4.92, 0.26-1.52, and 0.24-7.47 pptv over the ECS, respectively. There was significant spatial variability in atmospheric bromocarbon concentrations in the study region, with higher concentration over the ECS. The atmospheric mixing ratios of bromocarbons were significantly correlated to the surface seawater bromocarbon concentrations and wind speed. In the ECS, input from terrestrial sources also significantly influenced the distributions of bromocarbons in air. PCA analysis revealed that seawater bromocarbon concentrations were correlated with both water mass and chlorophyll a. Generally lower CH2Br2/CHBr3 ratios were observed in the ECS, which was indicative of mixing and/or dilution in coastal areas. The estimated average sea-to-air fluxes of CHBr2Cl, CH2Br2, and CHBr3 were 46.86, -3.77, and -6.71 nmol m-2 d-1 in the western Pacific Ocean and 111.49, 0.89, and 321.74 nmol m-2 d-1 in the ECS, respectively. These results of the net sea-to-air fluxes indicated oceanic net uptake of CH2Br2 and CHBr3 for the western Pacific Ocean and oceanic emission of bromocarbons for the ECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zhen He
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Gui-Peng Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Institute of Marine Chemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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8
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Abstract
This review is intended as a comprehensive survey of iodinated metabolites possessing carbon–iodine covalent bond, which have been obtained from living organisms. Generally thought to be minor components produced by many different organisms these interesting compounds now number more than 110. Many from isolated and identified iodine-containing metabolites showed high biological activities. Recent research, especially in the marine area, indicates this number will increase in the future. Sources of iodinated metabolites include microorganisms, algae, marine invertebrates, and some animals. Their origin and possible biological significance have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 12065, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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9
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Shi F, Zhang Y, Qi J, Song H, Yang M. Theoretical studies of strong-field photoionization of CH3I. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Punitha T, Phang SM, Juan JC, Beardall J. Environmental Control of Vanadium Haloperoxidases and Halocarbon Emissions in Macroalgae. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:282-303. [PMID: 29691674 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases (V-HPO), able to catalyze the reaction of halide ions (Cl-, Br-, I-) with hydrogen peroxide, have a great influence on the production of halocarbons, which in turn are involved in atmospheric ozone destruction and global warming. The production of these haloperoxidases in macroalgae is influenced by changes in the surrounding environment. The first reported vanadium bromoperoxidase was discovered 40 years ago in the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum. Since that discovery, more studies have been conducted on the structure and mechanism of the enzyme, mainly focused on three types of V-HPO, the chloro- and bromoperoxidases and, more recently, the iodoperoxidase. Since aspects of environmental regulation of haloperoxidases are less well known, the present paper will focus on reviewing the factors which influence the production of these enzymes in macroalgae, particularly their interactions with reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thillai Punitha
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew-Moi Phang
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Joon Ching Juan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Level 3, IPS Building, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Bandar Sunway, 46150, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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11
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Wang P, Zhao N, Tang Y. Halogen Bonding in the Complexes of CH3I and CCl4 with Oxygen-Containing Halogen-Bond Acceptors. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:5045-5055. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b04342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Wang
- Environment
Research Institute, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, 250100 Shandong, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Environment
Research Institute, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, 250100 Shandong, China
| | - Yizhen Tang
- School
of Environmental and municipal engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Fushun Road 11, 266033 Qingdao, China
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12
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Liu Y, Liu F, Liu S, Dai D, Dong W, Yang X. A kinetic study of the CH2OO Criegee intermediate reaction with SO2, (H2O)2, CH2I2 and I atoms using OH laser induced fluorescence. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:20786-20794. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04336h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The OH laser induced fluorescence method was used to study the kinetics of CH2OO reacting with SO2, (H2O)2, CH2I2 and I atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
| | - Siyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
| | - Dongxu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
| | - Wenrui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
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13
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Wei N, Hu C, Zhou S, Ma Q, Mikuška P, Večeřa Z, Gai Y, Lin X, Gu X, Zhao W, Fang B, Zhang W, Chen J, Liu F, Shan X, Sheng L. VUV photoionization aerosol mass spectrometric study on the iodine oxide particles formed from O 3-initiated photooxidation of diiodomethane (CH 2I 2). RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11413c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IOPs formed from O3-initiated photooxidation of CH2I2 were investigated based on the combination of a thermal desorption/tunable vacuum ultraviolet time-of-flight photoionization aerosol mass spectrometer with a flow reactor for the first time.
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14
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Yeager CM, Amachi S, Grandbois R, Kaplan DI, Xu C, Schwehr KA, Santschi PH. Microbial Transformation of Iodine: From Radioisotopes to Iodine Deficiency. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 101:83-136. [PMID: 29050668 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Iodine is a biophilic element that is important for human health, both as an essential component of several thyroid hormones and, on the other hand, as a potential carcinogen in the form of radioiodine generated by anthropogenic nuclear activity. Iodine exists in multiple oxidation states (-1, 0, +1, +3, +5, and +7), primarily as molecular iodine (I2), iodide (I-), iodate [Formula: see text] , or organic iodine (org-I). The mobility of iodine in the environment is dependent on its speciation and a series of redox, complexation, sorption, precipitation, and microbial reactions. Over the last 15years, there have been significant advances in iodine biogeochemistry, largely spurred by renewed interest in the fate of radioiodine in the environment. We review the biogeochemistry of iodine, with particular emphasis on the microbial processes responsible for volatilization, accumulation, oxidation, and reduction of iodine, as well as the exciting technological potential of these fascinating microorganisms and enzymes.
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15
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Zhao K, Yu X, Chen L, Hou H, Jiang Y, Zhang C, Wang B. Theoretical investigations on mechanisms and kinetics of the O+CF3I reaction. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Hu Q, Xie Z, Wang X, Yu J, Zhang Y. Methyl iodine over oceans from the Arctic Ocean to the maritime Antarctic. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26007. [PMID: 27184471 PMCID: PMC4868973 DOI: 10.1038/srep26007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies about methyl iodide (CH3I), an important atmospheric iodine species over oceans, had been conducted in some maritime regions, but the understanding of the spatial distribution of CH3I on a global scale is still limited. In this study, we reports atmospheric CH3I over oceans during the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Research Expeditions. CH3I varied considerably with the range of 0.17 to 2.9 pptv with absent of ship emission. The concentration of CH3I generally decreased with increasing latitudes, except for higher levels in the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere than in the low latitudes. For sea areas, the Norwegian Sea had the highest CH3I concentrations with a median of 0.91 pptv, while the Central Arctic Ocean had the lowest concentrations with all values below 0.5 pptv. CH3I concentration over oceans was affected by many parameters, including sea surface temperature, salinity, dissolved organic carbon, biogenic emissions and input from continents, with distinctive dominant factor in different regions, indicating complex biogeochemical processes of CH3I on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Institute of Polar Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhouqing Xie
- Institute of Polar Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Institute of Polar Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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17
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Carpenter LJ, Andrews SJ, Lidster RT, Saiz-Lopez A, Fernandez-Sanchez M, Bloss WJ, Ouyang B, Jones RL. A nocturnal atmospheric loss of CH 2I 2 in the remote marine boundary layer. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 74:145-156. [PMID: 32055083 PMCID: PMC6991967 DOI: 10.1007/s10874-015-9320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ocean emissions of inorganic and organic iodine compounds drive the biogeochemical cycle of iodine and produce reactive ozone-destroying iodine radicals that influence the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere. Di-iodomethane (CH2I2) and chloro-iodomethane (CH2ICl) are the two most important organic iodine precursors in the marine boundary layer. Ship-borne measurements made during the TORERO (Tropical Ocean tRoposphere Exchange of Reactive halogens and Oxygenated VOC) field campaign in the east tropical Pacific Ocean in January/February 2012 revealed strong diurnal cycles of CH2I2 and CH2ICl in air and of CH2I2 in seawater. Both compounds are known to undergo rapid photolysis during the day, but models assume no night-time atmospheric losses. Surprisingly, the diurnal cycle of CH2I2 was lower in amplitude than that of CH2ICl, despite its faster photolysis rate. We speculate that night-time loss of CH2I2 occurs due to reaction with NO3 radicals. Indirect results from a laboratory study under ambient atmospheric boundary layer conditions indicate a k CH2I2+NO3 of ≤4 × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1; a previous kinetic study carried out at ≤100 Torr found k CH2I2+NO3 of 4 × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. Using the 1-dimensional atmospheric THAMO model driven by sea-air fluxes calculated from the seawater and air measurements (averaging 1.8 +/- 0.8 nmol m-2 d-1 for CH2I2 and 3.7 +/- 0.8 nmol m-2 d-1 for CH2ICl), we show that the model overestimates night-time CH2I2 by >60 % but reaches good agreement with the measurements when the CH2I2 + NO3 reaction is included at 2-4 × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. We conclude that the reaction has a significant effect on CH2I2 and helps reconcile observed and modeled concentrations. We recommend further direct measurements of this reaction under atmospheric conditions, including of product branching ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J. Carpenter
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Stephen J. Andrews
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Richard T. Lidster
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Fernandez-Sanchez
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - William J. Bloss
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2, 1EW UK
| | - Roderic L. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2, 1EW UK
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18
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Simpson WR, Brown SS, Saiz-Lopez A, Thornton JA, Glasow RV. Tropospheric halogen chemistry: sources, cycling, and impacts. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4035-62. [PMID: 25763598 PMCID: PMC4469175 DOI: 10.1021/cr5006638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William R Simpson
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, United States
| | - Steven S Brown
- ‡NOAA ESRL Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3337, United States
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- ¶Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joel A Thornton
- §Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1640, United States
| | - Roland von Glasow
- ∥Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K
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19
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Bai FY, Wang X, Sun YQ, Pan XM. Atmospheric chemistry of alkyl iodides: theoretical studies on the mechanisms and kinetics of CH3I/C2H5I + NO3 reactions. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16215g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms and kinetics of the reactions of the NO3 radical with CH3I and C2H5I have been investigated from a sound theoretical basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yang Bai
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qiu Sun
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Mei Pan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- People's Republic of China
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20
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Sudolská M, Louis F, Cernušák I. Reactivity of CHI3 with OH radicals: X-abstraction reaction pathways (X = H, I), atmospheric chemistry, and nuclear safety. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:9512-20. [PMID: 25207959 DOI: 10.1021/jp5051832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The X-abstraction (X = H, I) pathways in the reaction of CHI3 with OH radical, a possible iodoform removal process relevant to the Earth's atmosphere and conditions prevailing in the case of a nuclear accident, have been studied applying highly correlated ab initio quantum chemistry methods and canonical transition-state theory to obtain reaction energy profiles and rate constants. Geometry optimizations of reactants, products, molecular complexes, and transition states determined at the MP2/cc-pVTZ level of theory have been followed by DK-CCSD(T)/ANO-RCC single-point energy calculations. Further improvement of electronic energies has been achieved by applying spin-orbit coupling, corrections toward full configuration interaction, vibration contributions, and tunneling corrections. Calculated reaction enthalpies at 0 K are -108.2 and -5.1 kJ mol(-1) for the H- and I-abstraction pathways, respectively; the strongly exothermic H-abstraction pathway is energetically favored over the modestly exothermic I-abstraction one. The overall rate constant at 298 K based on our ab initio calculations is 4.90 × 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), with the I-abstraction pathway being the major channel over the temperature range of 250-2000 K. The CHI3 atmospheric lifetime with respect to the removal reaction with OH radical is predicted to be about 6 h, very short compared to that of other halomethanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Sudolská
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University , Mlynská dolina CH1, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
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21
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Sharma RC, Blitz M, Wada R, Seakins PW. HCl yield and chemical kinetics study of the reaction of Cl atoms with CH3I at the 298K temperature using the infra-red tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 128:176-182. [PMID: 24667422 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed ArF excimer laser (193 nm)-CW infrared (IR) tunable diode laser Herriott type absorption spectroscopic technique has been made for the detection of product hydrochloric acid HCl. Absorption spectroscopic technique is used in the reaction chlorine atoms with methyl iodide (Cl+CH3I) to the study of kinetics on reaction Cl+CH3I and the yield of (HCl). The reaction of Cl+CH3I has been studied with the support of the reaction Cl+C4H10 (100% HCl) at temperature 298 K. In the reaction Cl+CH3I, the total pressure of He between 20 and 125 Torr at the constant concentration of [CH3I] 7.0×10(14) molecule cm(-3). In the present work, we estimated adduct formation is very important in the reaction Cl+CH3I and reversible processes as well and CH3I molecule photo-dissociated in the methyl [CH3] radical. The secondary chemistry has been studied as CH3+CH3ICl = product, and CH3I+CH3ICl = product2. The system has been modeled theoretically for secondary chemistry in the present work. The calculated and experimentally HCl yield nearly 65% at the concentration 1.00×10(14) molecule cm(-3) of [CH3I] and 24% at the concentration 4.0×10(15) molecule cm(-3) of [CH3I], at constant concentration 4.85×10(12) molecule cm(-3) of [CH3], and at 7.3×10(12) molecule cm(-3) of [Cl]. The pressure dependent also studied product of HCl at the constant [CH3], [Cl] and [CH3I]. The experimental results are also very good matching with the modelling work at the reaction CH3+CH3ICl = product (k = (2.75±0.35)×10(-10) s(-1)) and CH3I+CH3ICl = product2 (k = 1.90±0.15)×10(-12) s(-1). The rate coefficients of the reaction CH3+CH3ICl and CH3I+CH3ICl has been made in the present work. The experimental results has been studied by two method (1) phase locked and (2) burst mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Sharma
- Lasers Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS 2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - M Blitz
- Lasers Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS 2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - R Wada
- Lasers Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS 2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - P W Seakins
- Lasers Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS 2 9JT, United Kingdom
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22
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Thurlow ME, Co DT, O'Brien AS, Hannun RA, Lapson LB, Hanisco TF, Anderson JG. The development and deployment of a ground-based, laser-induced fluorescence instrument for the in situ detection of iodine monoxide radicals. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:044101. [PMID: 24784629 DOI: 10.1063/1.4869857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
High abundances of iodine monoxide (IO) are known to exist and to participate in local photochemistry of the marine boundary layer. Of particular interest are the roles IO plays in the formation of new particles in coastal marine environments and in depletion episodes of ozone and mercury in the Arctic polar spring. This paper describes a ground-based instrument that measures IO at mixing ratios less than one part in 10(12). The IO radical is measured by detecting laser-induced fluorescence at wavelengths longer that 500 nm. Tunable visible light is used to pump the A(2)Π3/2 (v(') = 2) ← X(2)Π3/2 (v(″) = 0) transition of IO near 445 nm. The laser light is produced by a solid-state, Nd:YAG-pumped Ti:Sapphire laser at 5 kHz repetition rate. The laser-induced fluorescence instrument performs reliably with very high signal-to-noise ratios (>10) achieved in short integration times (<1 min). The observations from a validation deployment to the Shoals Marine Lab on Appledore Island, ME are presented and are broadly consistent with in situ observations from European Coastal Sites. Mixing ratios ranged from the instrumental detection limit (<1 pptv) to 10 pptv. These data represent the first in situ point measurements of IO in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Thurlow
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D T Co
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - A S O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - R A Hannun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - L B Lapson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - T F Hanisco
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J G Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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23
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Partial hydration of n-alkyl halides at the water–vapor interface: a molecular simulation study with atmospheric implications. Theor Chem Acc 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-014-1455-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Taatjes CA, Shallcross DE, Percival CJ. Research frontiers in the chemistry of Criegee intermediates and tropospheric ozonolysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:1704-18. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52842a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Stone D, Blitz M, Daubney L, Howes NUM, Seakins P. Kinetics of CH2OO reactions with SO2, NO2, NO, H2O and CH3CHO as a function of pressure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:1139-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54391a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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Abstract
This review, with 290 references, presents the fascinating area of iodinated natural products over the past hundred years for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510301, China
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Mangaladoss Fredimoses
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Shengrong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510301, China
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27
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Tu CP, Cheng HI, Chang BC. Spectroscopic study of the I2 formation from the photolysis of iodomethanes (CHI3, CH2I2, CH3I, and CH2ICl) at different wavelengths. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:13572-7. [PMID: 23952939 DOI: 10.1021/jp407599x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Emission spectra following the photolysis of iodomethanes (CHI3, CH2I2, CH3I, and CH2ICl) at 266 nm were recorded in a slow flow cell. In addition to emission from the electronically excited species including CH (A(2)Δ, B(2)Σ(-), and C(2)Σ(+)), C2 (d(3)Πg), and atomic iodine ((4)P(o)), a series of emission bands was observed in the 12,000-19,000 cm(-1) region. The dominant structure of these emission bands was verified as the I2 B(3)Π(+)(0,u)-X(1)Σ(+)g emission at the 532 nm excitation, and the observed I2 was formed from collisions between iodine atoms generated from the C-I bond dissociation in these iodomethanes. The I2 emission spectra following the photolysis of CH2I2 at different wavelengths were acquired, and the threshold energy for the first C-I bond cleavage was determined to be 208 ± 1 kJ mol(-1). We also obtained the emission spectra of pure I2 at several visible excitation wavelengths for comparison with those from the photolysis of iodomethanes, and a least-squares global fit of the observed I2 emission bands yields more accurate anharmonicity parameters for the vibrational structure in the I2 B-X transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian-Ping Tu
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University , 300 Jungda Road, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
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28
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Wever R, van der Horst MA. The role of vanadium haloperoxidases in the formation of volatile brominated compounds and their impact on the environment. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:11778-86. [PMID: 23657250 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium haloperoxidases differ strongly from heme peroxidases in substrate specificity and stability and in contrast to a heme group they contain the bare metal oxide vanadate as a prosthetic group. These enzymes specifically oxidize halides in the presence of hydrogen peroxide into hypohalous acids. These reactive halogen intermediates will react rapidly and aspecifically with many organic molecules. Marine algae and diatoms containing these iodo- and bromoperoxidases produce short-lived brominated methanes (bromoform, CHBr3 and dibromomethane CH2Br2) or iodinated compounds. Some seas and oceans are supersaturated with these compounds and they form an important source of bromine to the troposphere and lower stratosphere and contribute significantly to the global budget of halogenated hydrocarbons. This perspective focuses, in particular, on the biosynthesis of these volatile compounds and the direct or indirect involvement of vanadium haloperoxidases in the production of huge amounts of bromoform and dibromomethane. Some of the global sources are discussed and from the literature a picture emerges in which oxidized brominated species generated by phytoplankton, seaweeds and cyanobacteria react with dissolved organic matter in seawater, resulting in the formation of intermediate brominated compounds. These compounds are unstable and decay via a haloform reaction to form an array of volatile brominated compounds of which bromoform is the major component followed by dibromomethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Wever
- University of Amsterdam, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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29
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Yehya F, Chaudhary AK. Time resolved high frequency spectrum of Br2 molecules using pulsed photoacoustic technique. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 115:544-551. [PMID: 23871982 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The paper reports the time resolved spectral distribution of higher order acoustic modes generated in Br2 molecules using pulsed Photoacoustic (PA) technique. New time resolved vibrational spectrum of Br2 molecules are recorded using a single 532nm, pulses of 7ns duration at 10Hz repetition rate obtained from Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Frank-Condon principle based assignments confirms the presence of 12 numbers of (ν″-ν') vibrational transitions covered by a single 532+2nm pulse profile. Inclusions of higher order zeroth modes in Bassel's function expansion series shows the probability of overlapping of different types of acoustic modes in the designed PA cells. These modes appear in the form of clusters which occupies higher frequency range. The study of decay behavior of PA signal with respect to time confirms the photolysis of Br2 at 532nm wavelength. In addition, the shifting and clustering effect of cavity eigen modes in Br2 molecules have been studied between 1 and 10ms time scale. The estimated Q-factor of PA cell (l=16cm, R=1.4cm) is 145±4 at 27kHz frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahem Yehya
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, AP, India
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30
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Allard S, Gallard H. Abiotic formation of methyl iodide on synthetic birnessite: a mechanistic study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 463-464:169-175. [PMID: 23803501 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Methyl iodide is a well-known volatile halogenated organic compound that contributes to the iodine content in the troposphere, potentially resulting in damage to the ozone layer. Most methyl iodide sources derive from biological activity in oceans and soils with very few abiotic mechanisms proposed in the literature. In this study we report that synthetic manganese oxide (birnessite δ-MnO2) can catalyze the formation of methyl iodide in the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) and iodide. Methyl iodide formation was only observed at acidic pH (4-5) where iodide is oxidized to iodine and NOM is adsorbed on δ-MnO2. The effect of δ-MnO2, iodide and NOM concentrations, nature of NOM and ionic strength was investigated. High concentrations of methyl iodide were formed in experiments conducted with the model compound pyruvate. The Lewis acid property of δ-MnO2 leads to a polarization of the iodine molecule, and catalyzes the reaction with natural organic matter. As manganese oxides are strong oxidants and are ubiquitous in the environment, this mechanism could significantly contribute to the global atmospheric input of iodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Allard
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Poitiers - Université de Poitiers, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux UMR 7285, 1, rue Marcel Doré, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France.
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31
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Šulka M, Šulková K, Louis F, Neogrády P, Černušák I. A Theoretical Study of the X-Abstraction Reactions (X = H, Br, or I) from CH2IBr by OH Radicals: Implications for Atmospheric Chemistry. Z PHYS CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2013.0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Abstract
Atmospheric iodine monoxide (IO) is a radical that catalytically destroys heat trapping ozone and reacts further to form aerosols. Here, we report the detection of IO in the tropical free troposphere (FT). We present vertical profiles from airborne measurements over the Pacific Ocean that show significant IO up to 9.5 km altitude and locate, on average, two-thirds of the total column above the marine boundary layer. IO was observed in both recent deep convective outflow and aged free tropospheric air, suggesting a widespread abundance in the FT over tropical oceans. Our vertical profile measurements imply that most of the IO signal detected by satellites over tropical oceans could originate in the FT, which has implications for our understanding of iodine sources. Surprisingly, the IO concentration remains elevated in a transition layer that is decoupled from the ocean surface. This elevated concentration aloft is difficult to reconcile with our current understanding of iodine lifetimes and may indicate heterogeneous recycling of iodine from aerosols back to the gas phase. Chemical model simulations reveal that the iodine-induced ozone loss occurs mostly above the marine boundary layer (34%), in the transition layer (40%) and FT (26%) and accounts for up to 20% of the overall tropospheric ozone loss rate in the upper FT. Our results suggest that the halogen-driven ozone loss in the FT is currently underestimated. More research is needed to quantify the widespread impact that iodine species of marine origin have on free tropospheric composition, chemistry, and climate.
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33
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Šulková K, Šulka M, Louis F, Neogrády P. Atmospheric Reactivity of CH2ICl with OH Radicals: High-Level OVOS CCSD(T) Calculations for the X-Abstraction Pathways (X = H, Cl, or I). J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:771-82. [PMID: 23294186 DOI: 10.1021/jp312447x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Šulková
- Department of Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH1, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Šulka
- Department of Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH1, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Florent Louis
- PhysicoChimie des Processus
de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère (PC2A), UMR 8522 CNRS/Lille1, Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies,
Cité Scientifique, Bât. C11/C5, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq
Cedex, France
| | - Pavel Neogrády
- Department of Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH1, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
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34
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Lu KT, Chen JM, Lee JM, Haw SC. Enhanced production of anionic and excited neutral fragments of gaseous HCCl3 near the Cl 2p1/2,3/2 ionization threshold. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra23038d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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35
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Stone D, Blitz M, Daubney L, Ingham T, Seakins P. CH2OO Criegee biradical yields following photolysis of CH2I2 in O2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:19119-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52466c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Ashu-Ayem ER, Nitschke U, Monahan C, Chen J, Darby SB, Smith PD, O'Dowd CD, Stengel DB, Venables DS. Coastal iodine emissions. 1. Release of I₂ by Laminaria digitata in chamber experiments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:10413-21. [PMID: 22934673 DOI: 10.1021/es204534v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tidally exposed macroalgae emit large amounts of I(2) and iodocarbons that produce hotspots of iodine chemistry and intense particle nucleation events in the coastal marine boundary layer. Current emission rates are poorly characterized, however, with reported emission rates varying by 3 orders of magnitude. In this study, I(2) emissions from 25 Laminaria digitata samples were investigated in a simulation chamber using incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS). The chamber design allowed gradual extraction of seawater to simulate tidal emersion of algae. Samples were exposed to air with or without O(3) and to varying irradiances. Emission of I(2) occurred in four distinct stages: (1) moderate emissions from partially submerged samples; (2) a strong release by fully emerged samples; (3) slowing or stopping of I(2) release; and (4) later pulses of I(2) evident in some samples. Emission rates were highly variable and ranged from 7 to 616 pmol min(-1) gFW(-1) in ozone-free air, with a median value of 55 pmol min(-1) gFW(-1) for 20 samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enowmbi R Ashu-Ayem
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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37
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Kundel M, Thorenz UR, Petersen JH, Huang RJ, Bings NH, Hoffmann T. Application of mass spectrometric techniques for the trace analysis of short-lived iodine-containing volatiles emitted by seaweed. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 402:3345-57. [PMID: 22227744 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the composition and emission rates of iodine-containing volatiles from major widespread seaweed species is important for modeling the impact of halogens on gas-phase atmospheric chemistry, new particle formation, and climate. In this work, we present the application of mass spectrometric techniques for the quantification of short-lived iodine-containing volatiles emitted by eight different seaweeds from the intertidal zone of Helgoland, Germany. A previously developed online time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometric method was used to determine I(2) emission rates and investigate temporally resolved emission profiles. Simultaneously, iodocarbons were preconcentrated on solid adsorbent tubes and quantified offline using thermodesorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The total iodine content of the seaweeds was determined using microwave-assisted tetramethylammonium hydroxide extraction followed by inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry analysis. The highest total iodine content was found in the Laminariales, followed by the brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus serratus, and both red algae Chondrus crispus and Delesseria sanguinea. Laminariales were found to be the strongest I(2) emitters. Time series of the iodine release of Laminaria digitata and Laminaria hyperborea showed a strong initial I(2) emission when first exposed to air followed by an exponential decline of the release rate. For both species, I(2) emission bursts were observed. For Laminaria saccharina und F. serratus, a more continuous I(2) release profile was detected, however, F. serratus released much less I(2). A. nodosum and F. vesiculosus showed a completely different emission behavior. The I(2) emission rates of these species were slowly increasing with time during the first 1 to 2 h until a more or less stable I(2) emission rate was reached. The lowest I(2) emission rates were detected for the red algae C. crispus and D. sanguinea. Total iodocarbon emission rates showed almost the same general trend, however, the total iodocarbon emission rates were about one to two orders of magnitude lower than those of molecular iodine, demonstrating that I(2) is the major iodine containing volatile released by the investigated seaweed species. In addition, a clear dependency of iodocarbon emission from the ozone level (0-150 ppb O(3)) was found for L. digitata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kundel
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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38
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39
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Zhang R, Khalizov A, Wang L, Hu M, Xu W. Nucleation and growth of nanoparticles in the atmosphere. Chem Rev 2011; 112:1957-2011. [PMID: 22044487 DOI: 10.1021/cr2001756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Center for Atmospheric Chemistry and Environment, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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40
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Saiz-Lopez A, Plane JMC, Baker AR, Carpenter LJ, von Glasow R, Gómez Martín JC, McFiggans G, Saunders RW. Atmospheric Chemistry of Iodine. Chem Rev 2011; 112:1773-804. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200029u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Climate Science (CIAC), CSIC, Toledo, Spain
| | - John M. C. Plane
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Alex R. Baker
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy J. Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Roland von Glasow
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gordon McFiggans
- School of Earth, Atmospheric & Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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41
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Zhang S, Strekowski RS, Bosland L, Monod A, Zetzsch C. Kinetic study of the reaction of OH with CH3
I revisited. INT J CHEM KINET 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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42
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Lu KT, Chen JM, Lee JM, Haw SC, Liang YC, Deng MJ. Core-level positive-ion and negative-ion fragmentation of gaseous and condensed HCCl3 using synchrotron radiation. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:044303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3615626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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43
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Yokouchi Y, Saito T, Ooki A, Mukai H. Diurnal and seasonal variations of iodocarbons (CH2ClI, CH2I2, CH3I, and C2H5I) in the marine atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Zhang S, Strekowski R, Bosland L, Monod A, Zetzsch C. Kinetic study of the reaction of OH with CH2I2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:11671-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20885c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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45
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Saunders RW, Kumar R, Gómez Martín JC, Mahajan AS, Murray BJ, Plane JMC. Studies of the Formation and Growth of Aerosol from Molecular Iodine Precursor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2010.6143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The formation and growth of iodine oxide particles (IOPs), originating from molecular iodine precursor, has been studied at room temperature as a function of water vapour, and sulphuric and oxalic acid vapours. A linear variation in total IOP mass was observed over a wide range of iodine atom production rates under both dry and humid formation conditions. Particle formation was also observed in the absence of ozone, and was found to be temperature sensitive, with elevated temperatures resulting in reduced particle number and mass. Electronic structure calculations are used to show that particle formation is initiated by polymerization of I2O4 with I2O3, or with itself. Formation of IOPs in humid conditions results in lower numbers and smaller particles than formed in the absence of water vapour, because H2O forms relatively stable complexes with molecules such as I2O3 and I2O4, inhibiting their polymerization. Addition of H2O to particles formed under dry conditions shows the collapse of fractal-like, aggregate particle structures. The uptake of sulphuric acid vapour onto humidified particles was studied over a wide range of relative humidity (RH) at room temperature, with the calculated accommodation coefficient (α) for this process increasing with RH to a value of 0.75±0.05 at RH = 90%. In contrast, growth of particles exposed to oxalic acid vapour was not observed on the experimental timescales employed, indicating an upper limit for α of 10−3.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. W. Saunders
- University of Leeds, School of Chemistry, Leeds LS2 9JT, Großbritannien
| | - R. Kumar
- University of Leeds, School of Chemistry, Leeds LS2 9JT, Großbritannien
| | - J. C. Gómez Martín
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y el Clima (CIAC) - CSIC, Polígono de Sta. María de Benquerencia Toledo, Toledo, Slowenien
| | - A. S. Mahajan
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y el Clima (CIAC) - CSIC, Polígono de Sta. María de Benquerencia, Toledo, Spanien
| | - B. J. Murray
- University of Leeds, School of Chemistry, Leeds LS2 9JT, Großbritannien
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La Barre S, Potin P, Leblanc C, Delage L. The halogenated metabolism of brown algae (Phaeophyta), its biological importance and its environmental significance. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:988-1010. [PMID: 20479964 PMCID: PMC2866472 DOI: 10.3390/md8040988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 03/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown algae represent a major component of littoral and sublittoral zones in temperate and subtropical ecosystems. An essential adaptive feature of this independent eukaryotic lineage is the ability to couple oxidative reactions resulting from exposure to sunlight and air with the halogenations of various substrates, thereby addressing various biotic and abiotic stresses i.e., defense against predators, tissue repair, holdfast adhesion, and protection against reactive species generated by oxidative processes. Whereas marine organisms mainly make use of bromine to increase the biological activity of secondary metabolites, some orders of brown algae such as Laminariales have also developed a striking capability to accumulate and to use iodine in physiological adaptations to stress. We review selected aspects of the halogenated metabolism of macrophytic brown algae in the light of the most recent results, which point toward novel functions for iodide accumulation in kelps and the importance of bromination in cell wall modifications and adhesion properties of brown algal propagules. The importance of halogen speciation processes ranges from microbiology to biogeochemistry, through enzymology, cellular biology and ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane La Barre
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR 7139 Végétaux marins et Biomolécules, Station Biologique F-29682, Roscoff, France; E-Mails:
(P.P.);
(C.L.);
(L.D.)
- CNRS, UMR 7139 Végétaux marins et Biomolécules, Station Biologique F-29682, Roscoff, France
| | - Philippe Potin
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR 7139 Végétaux marins et Biomolécules, Station Biologique F-29682, Roscoff, France; E-Mails:
(P.P.);
(C.L.);
(L.D.)
- CNRS, UMR 7139 Végétaux marins et Biomolécules, Station Biologique F-29682, Roscoff, France
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR 7139 Végétaux marins et Biomolécules, Station Biologique F-29682, Roscoff, France; E-Mails:
(P.P.);
(C.L.);
(L.D.)
- CNRS, UMR 7139 Végétaux marins et Biomolécules, Station Biologique F-29682, Roscoff, France
| | - Ludovic Delage
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR 7139 Végétaux marins et Biomolécules, Station Biologique F-29682, Roscoff, France; E-Mails:
(P.P.);
(C.L.);
(L.D.)
- CNRS, UMR 7139 Végétaux marins et Biomolécules, Station Biologique F-29682, Roscoff, France
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Wada R, Sharma RC, Blitz MA, Seakins PW. Studies on the Cl + C2H5I reaction; site specific abstraction reactions and thermodynamics of adduct formation studied by observation of HCL product. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:10417-26. [PMID: 19890528 DOI: 10.1039/b907793f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Wada
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT
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48
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Teruel MA. Low-pressure rate coefficients of the reaction of O(3P) with CF3I and CH3I. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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49
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Yokouchi Y, Osada K, Wada M, Hasebe F, Agama M, Murakami R, Mukai H, Nojiri Y, Inuzuka Y, Toom-Sauntry D, Fraser P. Global distribution and seasonal concentration change of methyl iodide in the atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd009861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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