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Hajek A, Becher H, Brenner H, Holleczek B, Katzke V, Kaaks R, Minnerup H, Karch A, Baurecht H, Leitzmann M, Peters A, Gastell S, Ahrens W, Haug U, Nimptsch K, Pischon T, Michels KB, Dorrn A, Klett-Tammen CJ, Castell S, Willich SN, Keil T, Schipf S, Meinke-Franze C, Harth V, Obi N, König HH. Personality and the use of cancer screenings - Results of the German National Cohort. Prev Med Rep 2024; 41:102677. [PMID: 38533391 PMCID: PMC10963220 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the association between personality characteristics and use of different cancer screenings. Methods We used data from the German National Cohort (NAKO; mean age was 53.0 years (SD: 9.2 years)) - a population-based cohort study. A total of 132,298 individuals were included in the analyses. As outcome measures, we used (self-reported): stool examination for blood (haemoccult test, early detection of bowel cancer), colonoscopy (screening for colorectal cancer), skin examination for moles (early detection of skin cancer), breast palpation by a doctor (early detection of breast cancer), x-ray examination of the breast ("mammography", early detection of breast cancer), cervical smear test, finger examination of the rectum (early detection of prostate cancer), and blood test for prostate cancer (determination of Prostate-Specific Antigen level). The established Big Five Inventory-SOEP was used to quantify personality factors. It was adjusted for several covariates based on the Andersen model. Unadjusted and adjusted multiple logistic regressions were computed. Results A higher probability of having a skin examination for moles, for example, was associated with a higher conscientiousness (OR: 1.07, p < 0.001), higher extraversion (OR: 1.03, p < 0.001), higher agreeableness (OR: 1.02, p < 0.001), lower openness to experience (OR: 0.98, p < 0.001) and higher neuroticism (OR: 1.07, p < 0.001) among the total sample. Depending on the outcome used, the associations slightly varied. Conclusions Particularly higher levels of extraversion, neuroticism and conscientiousness are associated with the use of different cancer screenings. Such knowledge may help to better understand non-participation in cancer screening examinations from a psychological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Becher
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Holleczek
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Saarland Cancer Registry, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Verena Katzke
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Minnerup
- Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - André Karch
- Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Baurecht
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvia Gastell
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Haug
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Katharina Nimptsch
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Biobank Technology Platform, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitaet Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin B. Michels
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anja Dorrn
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Castell
- Department for Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Stefan N. Willich
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- State Institute of Health I, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Schipf
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department SHIP/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claudia Meinke-Franze
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department SHIP/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Volker Harth
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nadia Obi
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
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Matsuyoshi D, Isato A, Yamada M. Overlapping yet dissociable contributions of superiority illusion features to Ponzo illusion strength and metacognitive performance. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:108. [PMID: 38429795 PMCID: PMC10905904 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans are typically inept at evaluating their abilities and predispositions. People dismiss such a lack of metacognitive insight into their capacities while even enhancing (albeit illusorily) self-evaluation such that they should have more desirable traits than an average peer. This superiority illusion helps maintain a healthy mental state. However, the scope and range of its influence on broader human behavior, especially perceptual tasks, remain elusive. As belief shapes the way people perceive and recognize, the illusory self-superiority belief potentially regulates our perceptual and metacognitive performance. In this study, we used hierarchical Bayesian estimation and machine learning of signal detection theoretic measures to understand how the superiority illusion influences visual perception and metacognition for the Ponzo illusion. Our results demonstrated that the superiority illusion correlated with the Ponzo illusion magnitude and metacognitive performance. Next, we combined principal component analysis and cross-validated regularized regression (relaxed elastic net) to identify which superiority components contributed to the correlations. We revealed that the "extraversion" superiority dimension tapped into the Ponzo illusion magnitude and metacognitive ability. In contrast, the "honesty-humility" and "neuroticism" dimensions only predicted Ponzo illusion magnitude and metacognitive ability, respectively. These results suggest common and distinct influences of superiority features on perceptual sensitivity and metacognition. Our findings contribute to the accumulating body of evidence indicating that the leverage of superiority illusion is far-reaching, even to visual perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Matsuyoshi
- Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, Institute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
- Araya Inc., 1-11 Kanda-sakumacho, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0025, Japan
| | - Ayako Isato
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, Institute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
- Faculty of Humanities, Saitama Gakuen University, Saitama, 333-0831, Japan
| | - Makiko Yamada
- Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, Institute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
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Fiedler S, Habibnia H, Fahrenwaldt A, Rahal RM. Motivated Cognition in Cooperation. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2024; 19:385-403. [PMID: 37883800 PMCID: PMC10913374 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231193990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Successful cooperation is tightly linked to individuals' beliefs about their interaction partners, the decision setting, and existing norms, perceptions, and values. This article reviews and integrates findings from judgment and decision-making, social and cognitive psychology, political science, and economics, developing a systematic overview of the mechanisms underlying motivated cognition in cooperation. We elaborate on how theories and concepts related to motivated cognition developed in various disciplines define the concept and describe its functionality. We explain why beliefs play such an essential role in cooperation, how they can be distorted, and how this fosters or harms cooperation. We also highlight how individual differences and situational factors change the propensity to engage in motivated cognition. In the form of a construct map, we provide a visualization of the theoretical and empirical knowledge structure regarding the role of motivated cognition, including its many interdependencies, feedback loops, and moderating influences. We conclude with a brief suggestion for a future research agenda based on this compiled evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Fiedler
- Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria
- Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Alina Fahrenwaldt
- Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Rima-Maria Rahal
- Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany
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Wu M, Zeng S. Exploring factors influencing farmers' health self-assessment in China based on the LASSO method. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:333. [PMID: 38297267 PMCID: PMC10829402 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
As the main force and practice subject of rural revitalisation, farmers' health is intricately linked to agricultural production and the rural economy. This study utilizes open data from the 2015 China Nutrition and Health Survey and employs the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) method to explore the factors influencing farmers' self-assessment of health. The findings reveal that education level, proactive nutrition knowledge seeking, healthy dietary preferences and habits, and the use of clean cooking fuel positively impact farmers' health self-assessment. Conversely, age, history of illness or injury, and participation in medical insurance negatively affect their self-assessment. Furthermore, factors influencing farmers' health self-assessment exhibit heterogeneity across regions. Our findings suggest that promoting health education, disseminating nutritional dietary knowledge, and enhancing rural household infrastructure play an important role in improving farmers' self-evaluation of health. Therefore, policymakers should design more targeted health interventions and infrastructure improvement plans based on farmers' self-assessment of health and the level of regional economic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze Wu
- College of Economics and Management, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shulin Zeng
- Qidong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, 226200, Jiangsu, China.
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Iyer S, Collier E, Broom TW, Finn ES, Meyer ML. Individuals who see the good in the bad engage distinctive default network coordination during post-encoding rest. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2306295121. [PMID: 38150498 PMCID: PMC10769837 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306295121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Focusing on the upside of negative events often promotes resilience. Yet, the underlying mechanisms that allow some people to spontaneously see the good in the bad remain unclear. The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotion has long suggested that positive affect, including positivity in the face of negative events, is linked to idiosyncratic thought patterns (i.e., atypical cognitive responses). Yet, evidence in support of this view has been limited, in part, due to difficulty in measuring idiosyncratic cognitive processes as they unfold. To overcome this barrier, we applied Inter-Subject Representational Similarity Analysis to test whether and how idiosyncratic neural responding supports positive reactions to negative experience. We found that idiosyncratic functional connectivity patterns in the brain's default network while resting after a negative experience predicts more positive descriptions of the event. This effect persisted when controlling for connectivity 1) before and during the negative experience, 2) before, during, and after a neutral experience, and 3) between other relevant brain regions (i.e., the limbic system). The relationship between idiosyncratic default network responding and positive affect was largely driven by functional connectivity patterns between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the rest of the default network and occurred relatively quickly during rest. We identified post-encoding rest as a key moment and the default network as a key brain system in which idiosyncratic responses correspond with seeing the good in the bad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhant Iyer
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
| | - Eleanor Collier
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA92521
| | - Timothy W. Broom
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
| | - Emily S. Finn
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH03755
| | - Meghan L. Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
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6
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Rencz F, Janssen MF. Time perspective profile and self-reported health on the EQ-5D. Qual Life Res 2024; 33:73-85. [PMID: 37682495 PMCID: PMC10784346 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Time perspective (TP) is a psychological construct that is associated with several health-related behaviours, including healthy eating, smoking and adherence to medications. In this study, we aimed to examine the associations of TP profile with self-reported health on the EQ-5D-5L and to detect which domains display response heterogeneity (cut-point shift) for TP. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of EQ-5D-5L data from a representative general population sample in Hungary (n = 996). The 17-item Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory was used to measure individuals' TP on five subscales: past-negative, past-positive, present-fatalist, present-hedonist and future. The associations between TP subscales and EQ-5D-5L domain scores, EQ VAS and EQ-5D-5L index values were analysed by using partial proportional odds models and multivariate linear regressions. RESULTS Respondents that scored higher on the past-negative and present-fatalist and lower on the present-hedonist and future subscales were more likely to report more health problems in at least one EQ-5D-5L domain (p < 0.05). Adjusting for socio-economic and health status, three EQ-5D-5L domains exhibited significant associations with various TP subscales (usual activities: present-fatalist and future, pain/discomfort: past-negative and future, anxiety/depression: past-negative, present-fatalist, present-hedonist and future). The anxiety/depression domain showed evidence of cut-point shift. CONCLUSIONS This study identified response heterogeneity stemming from psychological characteristics in self-reported health on the EQ-5D-5L. TP seems to play a double role in self-reported health, firstly as affecting underlying health and secondly as a factor influencing one's response behavior. These findings increase our understanding of the non-health-related factors that affect self-reported health on standardized health status measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanni Rencz
- Department of Health Policy, Corvinus University of Budapest, 8 Fővám tér, Budapest, 1093, Hungary.
| | - Mathieu F Janssen
- Section Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Bovero A, Balzani S, Tormen G, Malandrone F, Carletto S. Factors Associated with Post-Traumatic Growth during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 13:95. [PMID: 38202102 PMCID: PMC10779553 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented event that further stimulated the debate on the concept of trauma. To increase knowledge about the traumatic potential of the pandemic, the main objective of this study was to identify, through a systematic literature review, the main factors associated with the adaptive outcome of post-traumatic growth caused by COVID-19. Studies were selected from the PsychInfo, Embase, and PubMed databases, and 29 articles were included at the end of the screening process. The identified factors are of different natures, including personal variables such as personality traits, coping, and cognitive strategies used to face adversity, and interpersonal variables, one of the most important of which is the level of social support. In addition, several results confirmed a relationship between post-traumatic growth and post-traumatic stress symptoms, as well as indices related to psychological well-being. Finally, the results are discussed by comparing them with those already present in the literature, as well as with some of the main explanatory models of post-traumatic growth. In this regard, some of the factors identified, such as maladaptive coping, avoidance symptoms, optimism, and low-stress tolerance, suggest the possibility that the process of post-traumatic growth may also be characterized by an illusory dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bovero
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, 10123 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (S.B.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Sarah Balzani
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, 10123 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (S.B.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Gabriela Tormen
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, 10123 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (S.B.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesca Malandrone
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Carletto
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, 10123 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (S.B.); (G.T.); (S.C.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
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Weldon RB, Behrens KY, Jones DK, Drake EA, Fragetta JR. Anxiety and Avoidance in Close Relationships Are Associated With Responses to Negative and Positive Stimuli. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:2821-2833. [PMID: 36167491 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221129133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Humans tend to assign valence to objects, people, and events in the environment, but there are individual differences in the evaluation of the affective nature of these environmental stimuli. This exploratory study investigated how individual differences in anxiety and avoidance in close relationships are associated with the emotional appraisal of valenced and neutral stimuli. Participants evaluated negative, neutral, and positive stimuli for emotional valence in an image classification task. There was a positivity offset across all participants, in that neutral stimuli were evaluated as more positive than negative. Individuals higher on the Experiences in Close Relationships-Anxiety subscale showed a negativity bias in reaction times and ratings: they had faster response times to negative than to positive stimuli and had a greater tendency to evaluate positive stimuli as "negative." Individuals higher on the Experiences in Close Relationships-Avoidance subscale gave more positive ratings of negative stimuli and more negative ratings of positive stimuli, which may suggest a general blunted response to emotional stimuli. Findings are discussed in the context of the literature on individual differences and emotional appraisal of stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Weldon
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Utica, NY, USA
| | - Kazuko Y Behrens
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Utica, NY, USA
| | - Daniel K Jones
- Department of Engineering Technology, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Utica, NY, USA
| | - Erin A Drake
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Utica, NY, USA
| | - Justine R Fragetta
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Utica, NY, USA
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Oeberst A, Imhoff R. Toward Parsimony in Bias Research: A Proposed Common Framework of Belief-Consistent Information Processing for a Set of Biases. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2023; 18:1464-1487. [PMID: 36930530 PMCID: PMC10623627 DOI: 10.1177/17456916221148147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the essential insights from psychological research is that people's information processing is often biased. By now, a number of different biases have been identified and empirically demonstrated. Unfortunately, however, these biases have often been examined in separate lines of research, thereby precluding the recognition of shared principles. Here we argue that several-so far mostly unrelated-biases (e.g., bias blind spot, hostile media bias, egocentric/ethnocentric bias, outcome bias) can be traced back to the combination of a fundamental prior belief and humans' tendency toward belief-consistent information processing. What varies between different biases is essentially the specific belief that guides information processing. More importantly, we propose that different biases even share the same underlying belief and differ only in the specific outcome of information processing that is assessed (i.e., the dependent variable), thus tapping into different manifestations of the same latent information processing. In other words, we propose for discussion a model that suffices to explain several different biases. We thereby suggest a more parsimonious approach compared with current theoretical explanations of these biases. We also generate novel hypotheses that follow directly from the integrative nature of our perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Oeberst
- Department of Media Psychology, University of Hagen
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen
| | - Roland Imhoff
- Department of Social and Legal Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz
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Bodryzlova Y, Moullec G. Definitions of positive health: a systematic scoping review. Glob Health Promot 2023; 30:6-14. [PMID: 36625421 PMCID: PMC10571423 DOI: 10.1177/17579759221139802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An agreed definition, model, and indicators of positive health would contribute to a better understanding and wider use of the term, thus favoring the development of the positive health approach in public health. However, there is no consensus even on the definition of positive health. In this study, we systematically reviewed its definitions. We conducted a scoping review as per PRISMA guidelines. We queried the MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, and Web of Science databases. The PubMed search equation was: 'positive health' [Title/Abstract] AND ('health' [MeSH] OR 'health status' [MeSH] OR 'health status indicators' [MeSH]). Definitions of positive health referring to a 'one-dimensional' conceptualization of health are: (i) positive health as a state 'far beyond a mere absence of disease'; (ii) positive health as wellbeing; and those referring to a 'two-dimensional' conceptualization are (iii) positive health as resilience and (iv) positive health as (a reserve in) capacities. This work contributes to the refining of the salutogenic vocabulary. At this stage of the ongoing discussion on health promotion vocabulary, we propose the 'reserve in capacities' as the candidate for the definition of positive health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory Moullec
- Université de Montréal École de Santé Publique, Montréal. Canada
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Acikgoz M, Piri Cinar B, Celebi U, Aciman Demirel E, Karpuz Seren B, Atasoy HT. Illness perception and quality of life in patients with migraine and tension-type headache. Neurol Res 2023; 45:370-380. [PMID: 36413440 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2148512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) are important health problems because cause loss of workforce, affect quality of life and are frequently associated with anxiety and depression. Illness perception is defined as a cognitive aspect of illness. The aim of this study is to determinethe relationship of migraine and TTH with quality of life, illness perception, anxiety and depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Demographic information and headache characteristics of 160 patients (80 migraine, 80 TTH) who has applied to our hospital's neurology outpatient clinics were recorded. Hospital anxiety depression scale, illness perception questionnaire and quality of life short form-36 (SF-36) were applied to these patients. RESULTS Headache severity and duration were higher in migraine patients. Migraine sufferers believed that their illness would last longer and the results would be worse. Negative emotional representations were more common in TTH patients. Understanding of the disease was higher in younger and those with higher levels of education. Social functionality and bodily pain scores were worse than those of TTH patients. Headache severity and duration were higher in women. Anxiety and depression were associated with headache frequency, duration, and severity. It was determined that the severity, duration and frequency of headache also affected the quality of life. CONCLUSION Informing patients in detail about their diseases and increasing their education level can contribute to the improvement of headache representations. In addition, screening and treatment of anxiety and depression may be other interventions that can improve patients' adherence to treatment and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Acikgoz
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Bilge Piri Cinar
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ulufer Celebi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Esra Aciman Demirel
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Burcu Karpuz Seren
- Department of Neurology, Zonguldak Ataturk State Hospital, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Tugrul Atasoy
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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How and when does abusive supervision influence employees’ promotive and prohibitive voice? CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04304-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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Niewiadomska I, Jurek K, Chwaszcz J, Korżyńska-Piętas M, Peciakowski T. PTSD as a Moderator of the Relationship Between the Distribution of Personal Resources and Spiritual Change Among Participants of Hostilities in Ukraine. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:479-499. [PMID: 35347577 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The theory of conservation of resources (COR) can be used to search for mechanisms that explain spiritual changes caused by trauma. The present study aimed to verify whether PTSD could be a potential moderator between the distribution of personal resources and spiritual changes. The study included a total of 324 adults (75 women and 243 men) aged 18-74. The mean age was 34.3 (SD = 9.9). The Polish adaptation of Hobfoll's Conservation of Resources-Evaluation (COR-E), the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Checklist-Civilian Version and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory were employed in the research. This study analyzed the spiritual change, which is one of the five domains of posttraumatic growth. The outcomes indicated the significant role of PTSD as a moderator of the relationships between 1) personal resources gain and spiritual change and 2) personal resources loss and spiritual change. PTSD is not a moderator in the relationship between assigning value to personal resources and spiritual change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Niewiadomska
- Department of Social Psychoprevention, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jurek
- Department of Sociology of Culture, Religion and Social Participation, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Joanna Chwaszcz
- Department of Social Psychoprevention, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Peciakowski
- Department of Social Theories and Sociology of Family, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
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14
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Prinzing MM, Sappenfield CA, Fredrickson BL. What makes me matter? Investigating how and why people feel significant. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2023.2168562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Prinzing
- Department of Philosophy, University of North Carolina – Caldwell Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Barbara L. Fredrickson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina – Davie Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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15
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Zhang S, Liu J, Peng J, Xu C, Shi R. Resistance to Sunk Cost Propensity Moderate Relationship between Negative Life Event and Hopelessness. Psychol Rep 2023:332941221149177. [PMID: 36593113 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221149177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has found that a negative life event is a main risk factor for hopelessness, which in turn is considered to be a proximal cause of major depression disorder and a suicide risk factor. Unfortunately, very little attention has been paid to the role of decision-making constructs between negative life events and hopelessness. To fill this gap, the present study aims to test the moderation role of sunk cost propensity in this relationship, which is an over-generalized tendency to persist, based on past investment. A total of 495 university students completed assessment of their resistance to sunk cost propensity, whereas the negative life events, hopelessness, mental health state (depression, anxiety) and big-five personality traits were measured by various questionnaires. Participants' tendency to resist sunk cost propensity moderated the relationship between negative life events and hopelessness. Individuals who tended to resist sunk cost bias are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of negative life events. This effect is still significant, even after controlling for individuals' psychological well-being (depression, anxiety) and big-five personality traits. The current findings provide preliminary evidence that resistance to sunk cost propensity may be an important characteristic associated with an individual's hopelessness when exposed to a negative life event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Zhang
- Psychological Counseling Centre, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
- School of Psychology, 12615Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Mental Development and Learning Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- School of Psychology, 12615Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Mental Development and Learning Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiaxi Peng
- College of Teachers, 74707Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changfeng Xu
- College of Humanities and Social Development, 12469Northwest A&F University, Yang Ling, China
| | - Rui Shi
- College of Humanities and Social Development, 12469Northwest A&F University, Yang Ling, China
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Buchanan K, Sandstrom GM. Buffering the effects of bad news: Exposure to others' kindness alleviates the aversive effects of viewing others' acts of immorality. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284438. [PMID: 37195988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Negatively valenced news dominates the press, with stories of death and destruction gaining significant traction while also negatively impacting people's mental health and perceptions of humanity. Given that horrific acts happen and need to be reported, we examined if news stories featuring others' kindness could undo the aversive effects of news stories featuring others' immorality. In Studies 1a-d we tested whether media exposure to the acts of kindness that occurred in response to a terrorist attack could alleviate the aversive effects of media exposure to the terrorist attack. In Study 2, we examined whether, more generally, the aversive effects of news stories featuring immorality (e.g., homicide, paedophilia, bullying) could be alleviated through news stories featuring acts of kindness (e.g., volunteering, philanthropy, caring for the homeless). In Studies 1 and 2, we found that participants exposed to others' immorality and then others' kindness suffered from less aversive changes to their mood, experienced greater levels of elevation and were more inclined to believe in the goodness of others, than participants exposed only to others' immorality. Given this, we suggest there is merit in journalists shining a light on others' kindness if people's affective well-being and belief in the goodness of humanity is to remain intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Buchanan
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Essex, United Kingdom
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17
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Yang Z, Cai X, Jiang Y, Li G, Zhao G, Wang P, Huang Z. What Are the Recipes of an Entrepreneur's Subjective Well-Being? A Fuzzy-Set Approach for China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:417. [PMID: 36612740 PMCID: PMC9819742 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Entrepreneurs face more pressure and challenges than ordinary workers, which has a serious impact on their physical and mental health. Therefore, the research focus has gradually shifted from objective indicators of entrepreneurial performance to exploration of entrepreneurs' subjective well-being. However, previous studies were often limited to a net effect analysis of a single dimension under symmetric thinking in quantitative research. Therefore, this study uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to analyze the configuration path of entrepreneurs' physical and mental health at the individual level, social capital at the collective level, and subjective well-being from the perspective of configuration. The sample was of 279 effective entrepreneurs from the 2017 China General Social Survey (CGSS). Four types of entrepreneurs were found to improve their high well-being profiles: optimistic efficiency-driven, trust efficiency-driven, strong psychology-driven, and weak relationship-driven. Research shows that the interaction between physical and mental health and social capital jointly affects the subjective well-being of entrepreneurs. The research findings reinforce the need for attention to the physical and mental health of entrepreneurs, which are conducive to their active participation in social life. Additionally, establishing weak relationship-oriented interpersonal networks and accumulating social resources to further achieve higher subjective well-being is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Yang
- College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xu Cai
- College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guobiao Li
- College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guojing Zhao
- College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Politics and Public Administration, Shandong Youth University of Political Science, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Zhaoxin Huang
- College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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18
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Simpson J, Zarotti N, Varey S, Anestis E, Holland C, Murray C, Eccles FJ. 'It's a double whammy': A qualitative study of illness uncertainty in individuals with Parkinson's disease in the context of COVID-19. Chronic Illn 2022; 18:860-873. [PMID: 34524910 PMCID: PMC9643113 DOI: 10.1177/17423953211043101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of individuals with Parkinson's through the theoretical lens of illness uncertainty during the first UK full lockdown period (March-June 2020) put in place due outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Individual semi-structured interviews were carried out via telephone in May 2020 with 10 individuals with Parkinson's (six men and four women) recruited from Parkinson's UK. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was adopted to analyse the resulting data. RESULTS Four overarching themes emerged from the interview data: (1) COVID-19 amplifying existing fears and difficulties around the uncertainty of Parkinson's; (2) practical and psychological efforts to manage uncertainty; (3) benefit-finding as a way of acknowledging the positives of lockdown; (4) risk and future management in the context of uncertainty. DISCUSSION Participants reported a range of implicit and explicit strategies to cope with the 'double whammy' of uncertainty caused by having Parkinson's during a global pandemic. While these were generally successful in maintaining well-being, it is important that such successful accounts are used to help inform novel strategies and interventions targeting individuals who might need additional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Simpson
- 83563Division of Health Research, 151268Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, UK
| | - Nicolò Zarotti
- 83563Division of Health Research, 151268Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, UK
| | - Sandra Varey
- 83563Division of Health Research, 151268Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, UK
| | - Eleftherios Anestis
- 83563Division of Health Research, 151268Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, UK
| | - Carol Holland
- 83563Division of Health Research, 151268Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, UK
| | - Craig Murray
- 83563Division of Health Research, 151268Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, UK
| | - Fiona Jr Eccles
- 83563Division of Health Research, 151268Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, UK
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19
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Hosseini Z, Ebadi A, Aghamolaei T, Nedjat S. A model for explaining adherence to antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV/AIDS: A grounded theory study. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e5735-e5744. [PMID: 36102307 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.14004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining a high level of adherence to antiretroviral therapy is a challenge among HIV/AIDS patients. The study aimed to explore the process of adherence to treatment with a grounded theory approach to help physicians and planners develop strategies to increase adherence to treatment. We conducted in-depth interviews and a focus-group discussion. The data were collected from 2016 to 2018. The participants were 39 HIV/AIDS patients treated with antiretroviral, their relatives (three people) and two treatment staff. The study was conducted at the Behavioural Counselling Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, located in Tehran, the capital of Iran. The data were analysed at the stages of "analysis for concepts," "analysis for context," "bringing process into the analysis" and "integrating." We obtained a conceptual model to explain the relationship between the categories. "Motivation" was identified as the core variable and the "Becoming resilient" explained the adherence process. Several factors including the interfering factors, contextual factors and resilience factors were identified. The interfering and contextual factors, in the absence of the resilience factors, lead to decreased motivation and increased poor adherence to treatment. The role of motivation in long-term adherence should be emphasised. We think strategies such as helping individuals with HIV/AIDS to form support networks, empowering and encouraging them to seek spiritual help will motivate them to maintain a long-term use of antiretroviral medications and, hence, become more resilient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hosseini
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebadi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Teamur Aghamolaei
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Saharnaz Nedjat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Wieringa G, Dale M, Eccles FJR. Adjusting to living with Parkinson's disease; a meta-ethnography of qualitative research. Disabil Rehabil 2022; 44:6949-6968. [PMID: 34592863 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1981467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a condition which causes significant difficulties in physical, cognitive and psychological domains. It is a progressive condition which people have to live with for a long time; consequently, there is a need to understand what contributes to individual adjustment. This review aimed to answer the question "how do individuals adjust to PD?" METHOD A systematic search of three databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO) was carried out of papers documenting the adjustment process when living with PD and the findings were synthesised using a meta-ethnographic approach. RESULTS After exclusion based on eligibility criteria, 21 articles were included and were assessed for quality prior to analysing the data. Three main themes are proposed relating to the process of adjustment: "maintaining a coherent sense of self", "feeling in control" and "holding a positive mindset". Although many of the studies described challenges of living with PD, the results are dominated by the determination of individuals to self-manage their condition and maintain positive wellbeing. CONCLUSION The results highlight the need to empower patients to self-manage their illness, mitigating the effects of Parkinson's disease and supporting future wellbeing.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONIndividual identity disruption impacts on the self-value and sense of self coherence in individuals living with Parkinson's disease.Healthcare professionals should appreciate the complexity of the adjustment process which is related to the ability to maintain a coherent sense of self, to feel in control and to hold a positive mindset.Healthcare professionals should ensure information and knowledge related to self-management is tailored to an individual's understanding and experience of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Wieringa
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Health Research, Furness College, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Maria Dale
- Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Mill Lodge, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Fiona J R Eccles
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Health Research, Furness College, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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21
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Dale Oen V, Svihus J, Solberg SHR, Harris A, Eid J. Crisis leadership in COVID-19: A qualitative study of Norwegian business leaders. Front Psychol 2022; 13:937935. [PMID: 36072044 PMCID: PMC9441787 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.937935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundOn March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a global pandemic. The crisis that follows presented significant adverse challenges for organizations and business leaders around the world. The present study aims to explore how the extreme context of the COVID-19 influenced crisis leadership, with emphasis on coping and adaptive approaches, in Norwegian leaders during the early stage of the pandemic.Materials and methodsA group of 11 Norwegian business leaders from different private sector companies were subject to an in depth, semi structured interview after the first 9 months of COVID-19. A sensemaking perspective and the Cognitive Activation Theory of Stress (CATS) were used to interpret the results.ResultsThe pandemic called for crisis leadership and a rapid adaptation to a radically changed situation. Restructuring of organizational processes and introduction of new routines were followed by support and caring for their employees during the first wave of the pandemic. All the leaders coped well with the situation, and some were excited over the opportunity to make a difference in this demanding and stressful situation. Many emphasized that the pandemic was an external threat, resulting in an acceptance of the situation, more transparency, collaboration, and generosity within the organization. Especially the willingness to change was challenged in a positive way. A more blurred line between office and home, and absence of social activities were mentioned as negative outcomes.
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22
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Marschalko EE, Szabo K, Kotta I, Kalcza-Janosi K. The Role of Positive and Negative Information Processing in COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in Women of Generation X, Y, and Z: The Power of Good is Stronger Than Bad in Youngsters? Front Psychol 2022; 13:925675. [PMID: 35992463 PMCID: PMC9389232 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.925675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Positive and negative focus in information processing associated with age has a diverse role in COVID-19 vaccine uptake. The aim of the study was the exploration of the generational diversity among psychological predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Methods A cross-sectional research was conducted. The sample included 978 Hungarian women. Based on former literature findings, the COVID-19 vaccine uptake predictors were chosen from the health beliefs model, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and psychological flexibility. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in women of Gen X, Gen Y, and Gen Z. Results In Gen X women, the influence of significant predictors are more prone to the positivity in COVID-19 vaccine uptake behavior, perceived benefits being the most relevant, increasing the likelihood of vaccine uptake more than four times. In Gen Y women, perceived barriers, lack of confidence/skepticism and avoidance significantly reduce the probability of vaccine uptake, showing an accentuated negative focus in information processing related to COVID-19 vaccination. The vaccine uptake in Gen Z is predicted only by the perceived benefits, and the likelihood of COVID-19 vaccine uptake is heightened in chance more than 19 times. Conclusion Women belonging to Gen X or Gen Y, the perceived benefits hold the key to vaccine uptake, while in women of Gen Z, low risks, lack of threats, and accessibility could motivate the decision of vaccine uptake. The findings are useful in generation-adapted vaccination campaigns and can also serve as inspiration for evolutionary psychology studies on health behavior and the broad area of study in cognitive biases in health information processing.
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23
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Schimschal SE, Visentin D, Kornhaber R, Cleary M. Achieving Long-term Goals Amidst Uncertainty: An Integrative Model for the Psychological Resources of Grit. J Contin Educ Nurs 2022; 53:355-363. [PMID: 35914275 DOI: 10.3928/00220124-20220706-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This article proposes an integrative model for the psychological resources of grit. The growing body of work in nursing on the topic of grit indicates considerable interest in achieving long-term goals, especially amidst uncertainty from the COVID-19 pandemic. Motivational behaviors are thought to influence engagement in continuing education in nursing, thereby improving clinical practice and patient outcomes. The model was informed by a comprehensive review of the literature. Sixteen attributes for acquiring and strengthening four psychological resources of grit were identified. Each attribute is discussed along with interrelationships and implications for professional nursing development. Given the complex demands placed on health professionals, this model is both timely and relevant for all nurse and education providers interested in enhancing personal characteristics that may mitigate against stress and build capabilities for goal achievement. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2022;53(8):355-363.].
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24
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Julian M, Cheadle ACD, Knudsen KS, Bilder RM, Dunkel Schetter C. Resilience Resources Scale: A brief resilience measure validated with undergraduate students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1434-1443. [PMID: 32941114 PMCID: PMC10035631 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1802283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This paper presents a theory-based brief resilience scale, the Resilience Resources Scale (RRS), and evidence for its factor structure, reliability, and validity in two studies of undergraduate students. Participants: Study 1 sampled 295 students and Study 2 sampled 244 students. Methods: Study 1 participants completed the RRS and other measures online at one of two time points eight weeks apart (n = 193), or at both time points (n = 102). Study 2 participants completed the RRS and other measures online on a single occasion. Results: Factor analyses provided evidence for a one-factor model. Results indicated high internal consistency and strong test-retest reliability. Evidence of concurrent and predictive validity is presented. Conclusions: The RRS measures resilience resources known to be protective of physical and mental health. This brief scale has sound psychometric properties in these initial studies of undergraduate students. We offer possible directions for use of the RRS in this and other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Julian
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Kendra S Knudsen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert M Bilder
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christine Dunkel Schetter
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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25
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Clark CN, Edwards MJ, Ong BE, Goodliffe L, Ahmad H, Dilley MD, Betteridge S, Griffin C, Jenkins PO. Reframing postconcussional syndrome as an interface disorder of neurology, psychiatry and psychology. Brain 2022; 145:1906-1915. [PMID: 35472071 PMCID: PMC9246708 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent symptoms following a minor head injury can cause significant morbidity, yet the underlying mechanisms for this are poorly understood. The shortcomings of the current terminology that refer to non-specific symptom clusters is discussed. This update considers the need for a multi-dimensional approach for the heterogenous mechanisms driving persistent symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury. Relevant pathophysiology is discussed to make the case for mild traumatic brain injury to be conceptualized as an interface disorder spanning neurology, psychiatry and psychology. The relevance of pre-injury factors, psychological co-morbidities and their interaction with the injury to produce persistent symptoms are reviewed. The interplay with psychiatric diagnoses, functional and somatic symptom disorder presentations and the influence of the medicolegal process is considered. The judicious use and interpretation of investigations given the above complexity is discussed, with suggestions of how the explanation of the diagnostic formulation to the patient can be tailored, including insight into the above processes, to aid recovery. Moving beyond the one-dimensional concept of 'postconcussional syndrome' and reframing the cause of persistent symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury in a bio-psycho-socio-ecological model will hopefully improve understanding of the underlying contributory mechanistic interactions and facilitate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla N Clark
- Institute of Molecular & Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, SW17 0RE London, UK
- UK DRI Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ London, UK
- Neurology department, Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, SW17 0QT London, UK
| | - Mark J Edwards
- Institute of Molecular & Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, SW17 0RE London, UK
- Neurology department, Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, SW17 0QT London, UK
| | - Bee Eng Ong
- Neurology department, Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, SW17 0QT London, UK
| | - Luke Goodliffe
- Neurology department, Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, SW17 0QT London, UK
| | - Hena Ahmad
- Neurology department, Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, SW17 0QT London, UK
| | - Michael D Dilley
- Neurology department, Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, SW17 0QT London, UK
| | - Shai Betteridge
- Neurology department, Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, SW17 0QT London, UK
| | - Colette Griffin
- Neurology department, Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, SW17 0QT London, UK
| | - Peter O Jenkins
- UK DRI Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ London, UK
- Neurology department, Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, SW17 0QT London, UK
- Neurology Department, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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Miglianico M, Thériault R, Lavoie B, Labelle P, Joussemet M, Veilleux M, Lambert J, Bertrand-Dubois D. Pratiques cliniques inspirées par la recherche en psychologie positive. PSYCHOLOGIE FRANCAISE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Singh T, Mittal S, Sharad S, Bhanot D, Das S, Varma R, Kaur H, Merwal U, Arya YK, Verma SK, Jaiswal A, Bharti BK. The silver lining behind the dark cloud: Exploring the psycho-social factors impacting successful adaptation during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF PACIFIC RIM PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/18344909221102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While most studies have been reporting the psychological issues being faced by the public due to the global spread of coronavirus and sudden restrictions and changes accompanying it, the present study attempted to explore dynamic human experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic and resultant lockdown, so as to understand the psycho-social factors that acted as adaptive resources or as buffers to maintain a stable mental state amidst this crisis. In-depth telephonic interviews with 30 participants were conducted to explore their experiences in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown. Thematic analysis performed to identify the positive and protective factors that helped people adapt in a healthy way revealed that although the initial response of the participants to the pandemic was “optimistic bias” followed by downplaying the seriousness of the issue, later they demonstrated increased realization and acceptance to the seriousness of the situation. Upon realizing the situation, their positive psychological resources acted as a buffer against the ill effects of the pandemic, and they used both cognitive and behavioral coping. The study clearly demonstrates that crisis in life is not just a source of stress, anxiety, and uncertainty but also an opportunity to test one’s psychological resources to learn and grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Singh
- Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Shalini Mittal
- School of Management and Liberal Studies, The Northcap University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Shivantika Sharad
- Department of Applied Psychology, Vivekananda College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Bhanot
- Department of Applied Psychology, Ramanujan College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sreeja Das
- Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Rahul Varma
- Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Harleen Kaur
- Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Udisha Merwal
- Department of Applied Psychology, Vivekananda College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Yogesh K Arya
- Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Sunil K Verma
- Department of Applied Psychology, Vivekananda College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Aishwarya Jaiswal
- Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
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Chen L, Hsieh JJPA, Rai A. How Does Intelligent System Knowledge Empowerment Yield Payoffs? Uncovering the Adaptation Mechanisms and Contingency Role of Work Experience. INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1287/isre.2021.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Intelligent systems—incorporating computational tools, learning algorithms, and statistical models—can generate knowledge to empower employees in how they conduct their work and increase their job performance. How can organizations realize this potential? Our in-depth study of transformation of work with intelligent systems in a technology maintenance service company provides managerial insights to this question. Although knowledge from intelligent systems can empower employees, employees will need to adapt how they work with intelligent systems to improve their job performance. Interestingly, they can leverage the empowerment to adapt in two ways: maximize benefits, where they use the system to its full potential in conducting work, and minimize disturbances, where they reduce role conflict with the system in conducting work. Although inexperienced employees leverage the empowerment to use the system to its full potential, experienced employees leverage the empowerment to minimize role conflict with the system. How empowered employees realize job performance gains requires understanding how employees channel their empowerment: maximize benefits through use of the system or minimize disturbances through role conflict with the system. Differentiating how inexperienced and experienced employees channel empowerment to increase job performance will enable managers to effectively manage the transformation of work for these two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Chen
- Department of Operations, Business Analytics, and Information Systems, Carl H. Lindner College of Business, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221
| | - J. J. Po-An Hsieh
- Department of Computer Information Systems, Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303
| | - Arun Rai
- Department of Computer Information Systems, Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303
- Center for Digital Innovation, Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303
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Forgeard M, Roepke AM, Atlas S, Bayer-Pacht E, Björgvinsson T, Silvia PJ. Openness to experience is stable following adversity: A case-control longitudinal investigation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070221076902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although many people retrospectively report feeling more open-minded after experiencing highly stressful events, relevant longitudinal studies are scarce and have yielded contradictory findings. The present study used a 12-month longitudinal case-control design to test whether growth in openness (assessed every 4 months using multiple methods) occurs following major stressors, and whether changes relate to clinical symptoms of depression and/or posttraumatic stress. To do so, we compared participants (a) with a recent major stressor and with low symptoms ( n = 66), (b) without a recent major stressor and with low symptoms ( n = 76), and (c) with a recent major stressor and with significant symptoms ( n = 76). Overall, growth curve models showed that group membership was not associated with changes in openness over 12 months for most outcomes. Other variables (e.g., education) predicted changes in openness. This study provides robust evidence that openness to experience is mostly stable following major stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Forgeard
- McLean Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Belmont MA, USA
- William James College, Newton MA, USA
| | | | - Sara Atlas
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Paul J. Silvia
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Elam T, Taku K. Differences Between Posttraumatic Growth and Resiliency: Their Distinctive Relationships With Empathy and Emotion Recognition Ability. Front Psychol 2022; 13:825161. [PMID: 35418895 PMCID: PMC8996075 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.825161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic growth (PTG) and resiliency have been observed among people who experienced life crises. Given that the direct relationships between PTG and resiliency have been equivocal, it is important to know how they are different in conjunction with cognitive ability. The purpose of this study is to examine how perceived PTG and resiliency would be, respectively, associated with empathy and emotion recognition ability. A total of 420 college students participated in an online survey requiring them to identify emotions based on photographs of facial expressions, report their traumatic experiences, and respond to the PTG Inventory, Brief Resilience Scale, and Questionnaire of Emotional Empathy. The results suggest that perceived PTG was not associated with empathy but significantly predicted increased emotion recognition, whereas resiliency showed a negative relationship with empathy but no significant relationship with emotion recognition. These findings demonstrate that self-perceived PTG may be associated with cognitive ability, which could be due to one's growth within relationships and social interactions. Even though growing after trauma may promote resilient characteristics, the current results indicate that PTG and resiliency may foster different outcomes. Since empathy and emotion recognition are affected by other contextual factors, future studies should assess how empathy and the type of errors in emotion recognition may be associated with situational factors that are beyond personal factors such as post-traumatic life experiences or personality.
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31
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Pollock Star A, Cohn-Schwartz E, O'Rourke N. Reciprocal Effects of Marital Idealization and Marital Satisfaction Between Long-Wed Spouses Over Time. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2022; 95:440-454. [PMID: 35224996 DOI: 10.1177/00914150221077953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Marital idealization is defined as an interpersonal mode of self-deception whereby husbands and wives convey an exceedingly positive portrayal of their spouse and relationship (e.g., "My spouse has never made me angry"). For the Marriage and Health Study, we obtained responses from 119 long-wed couples at baseline, 1- and 2-years later (M = 34 years married). We first computed and compared contemporaneous actor-partner interdependence models (APIMs) suggesting that marital satisfaction predicts marital idealization within and between spouses; the reverse APIM was not supported (i.e., marital idealization did not predict marital satisfaction). Yet our analyses suggest the question should be answered with longitudinal data. When reported contemporaneously, husbands' marital satisfaction predicts marital idealization by their wives. The same cross-over effect is observed for wives-but not concomitantly, only in future. That is, marital satisfaction and idealization reported by wives predicts marital idealization reported by their husbands 2-years later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Pollock Star
- Department of Public Health and Multidisciplinary Center for Research on Aging, 85456Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Ella Cohn-Schwartz
- Department of Public Health and Multidisciplinary Center for Research on Aging, 85456Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Norm O'Rourke
- Department of Public Health and Multidisciplinary Center for Research on Aging, 85456Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
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Sedikides C. Self-Construction, Self-Protection, and Self-Enhancement: A Homeostatic Model of Identity Protection. PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1047840x.2021.2004812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantine Sedikides
- Center for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Chang A, Sloan EK, Antoni MH, Knight JM, Telles R, Lutgendorf SK. Biobehavioral Pathways and Cancer Progression: Insights for Improving Well-Being and Cancer Outcomes. Integr Cancer Ther 2022; 21:15347354221096081. [PMID: 35579197 PMCID: PMC9118395 DOI: 10.1177/15347354221096081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between psychosocial factors and cancer has intrigued people for centuries. In the last several decades there has been an expansion of mechanistic research that has revealed insights regarding how stress activates neuroendocrine stress-response systems to impact cancer progression. Here, we review emerging mechanistic findings on key pathways implicated in the effect of stress on cancer progression, including the cellular immune response, inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis, with a primary focus on the mediating role of the sympathetic nervous system. We discuss converging findings from preclinical and clinical cancer research that describe these pathways and research that reveals how these stress pathways may be targeted via pharmacological and mind-body based interventions. While further research is required, the body of work reviewed here highlights the need for and feasibility of an integrated approach to target stress pathways in cancer patients to achieve comprehensive cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeson Chang
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Erica K Sloan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Division of Surgery, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael H Antoni
- Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Behavioral Sciences, and Cancer Control Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer M Knight
- Department of Psychiatry and Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rachel Telles
- Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Urology, and Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Susan K Lutgendorf
- Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Urology, and Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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No Evidence for the Involvement of Cognitive Immunisation in Updating Beliefs About the Self in Three Non-Clinical Samples. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2022; 46:43-61. [PMID: 34345057 PMCID: PMC8323093 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-021-10256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive immunisation against disconfirmatory evidence (i.e., devaluing expectation-disconfirming information through cognitive mechanisms) has recently been discussed as an obstacle to the revision of dysfunctional beliefs in mental disorders such as depression. Yet, it is unclear whether cognitive immunisation is also involved in belief updating in non-clinical samples. METHODS Using a three-group modulation protocol (promotion vs. inhibition of cognitive immunisation vs. control group), we examined how cognitive immunisation influences belief updating in response to performance feedback in three non-clinical samples. In Experiments 1 (N = 99) and 2 (N = 93), participants received unexpectedly negative feedback, whereas participants from Experiment 3 (N = 118) received unexpectedly positive feedback. Depressive symptoms and dispositional optimism were examined as additional predictors of belief updating. RESULTS In all experiments, participants adjusted their expectations in line with the feedback received, but this effect was not influenced by the cognitive immunisation manipulation. In Experiment 3, expectation change remained stable over 2 weeks. Depressive symptoms were associated with a reduced integration of positive feedback, but not with an increased sensitivity to negative feedback. CONCLUSIONS Whereas previous research has shown that cognitive immunisation contributes to persistent beliefs in clinical populations, the present findings suggest that it does not affect belief updating in non-clinical samples. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-021-10256-y.
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Pasa Mondelo G, Remor E. Psychological Resources Program - An intervention to foster psychological resources: Evaluation of results in the Brazilian population. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2021.1892304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pasa Mondelo
- Institute of Psychology, Universidade Federal do rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Remor
- Institute of Psychology, Universidade Federal do rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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36
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Theorizing to Improve Mental Health in Multicultural Construction Industries: An Intercultural Coping Model. BUILDINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/buildings11120662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Construction workers are exposed to a range of stressors that lead to mental ill-health. In a multicultural construction workplace, the interactions between workers with different cultural backgrounds may aggravate mental health issues. Existing studies on coping typically focus on a reactive approach to managing stressors in the absence of cultural-related factors. This approach is inadequate in addressing mental health issues in a culturally diverse construction workplace. This paper presents a critical review that synthesizes and analyses theories and models of stress and coping, proactive coping, occupational stress, acculturative stress, and intercultural competence to develop a conceptual model for managing mental health in a multicultural construction workforce. The proposed model relies upon a positive coping mechanism, i.e., intercultural coping, to manage stressful events during the entire coping process in a multicultural workplace, towards achieving sustained good mental health. The proposed conceptual model contributes to the development of coping theories and positive psychology approaches and provides effective coping strategies to enhance psychological well-being in a multicultural context.
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Shimizu Y, Hashimoto T, Karasawa K. Decreasing anti‐elderly discriminatory attitudes: Conducting a ‘Stereotype Embodiment Theory’‐based intervention. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cobb-Clark DA, Kettlewell N. Psychological, social and cognitive resources and the mental wellbeing of the poor. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258417. [PMID: 34637477 PMCID: PMC8509876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study takes advantage of unique data to quantify deficits in the psychosocial and cognitive resources of an extremely vulnerable subpopulation–those experiencing housing vulnerability–in an advanced, high-income country (Australia). Groups such as these are often impossible to study using nationally representative data sources because they make up a small share of the overall population. We show that those experiencing housing vulnerability sleep less well, have more limited cognitive functioning, and less social capital than do those in the general population. They are also less emotionally stable, less conscientious, more external, and more risk tolerant. Collectively, these deficits in psychosocial and cognitive resources account for between 24–42% of their reduced life satisfaction and their increased mental distress and loneliness. These traits also account for a large proportion of the gap in mental wellbeing across different levels of housing vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A. Cobb-Clark
- School of Economics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, School of Economics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nathan Kettlewell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, School of Economics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Economics Discipline Group, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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39
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McDaniels B, Lee CL, Bishop M. Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) in Patients with Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 12:221-228. [PMID: 34633331 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive personality resources have demonstrated the ability to positively impact health outcomes. OBJECTIVE To examine the psychometric properties of the original Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS A sample of 114 individuals with PD completed the PCQ-24, and via a latent factor modeling framework exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties in people with PD. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed that both the efficacy and hope scales were reliable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.87 and 0.86, respectively) and had statistically acceptable validity with strong factor loadings all above the practical threshold of 0.60. The resilience and optimism scales were also reliable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.78 and 0.73, respectively) but had only moderately acceptable validity in part due to three reverse-scored items (i.e., No. 13, 20, & 23) with weak factor loadings of 0.26, 0.46, and 0.50, respectively. After excluding these at-risk items, the overall factor loadings for resilience and optimism were significantly improved at the acceptable above 0.60. The CFA results confirm a statistically acceptable model fit for the modified version (only 21-items) of the PCQ in the PD sample. CONCLUSION Both EFA and CFA analyses provide statistical evidence supporting the modified PCQ version and demonstrate better test validity and reliability in the PD population. The refined PCQ form is both effectively shorter and psychometrically superior to the original and has promise in investigating health outcomes in people with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley McDaniels
- Department of Rehabilitation and Health Services, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Chun-Lung Lee
- College of Law, University of North Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Malachy Bishop
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Special Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Rojo López AM, Cifuentes Férez P, Espín López L. The influence of time pressure on translation trainees' performance: Testing the relationship between self-esteem, salivary cortisol and subjective stress response. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257727. [PMID: 34591901 PMCID: PMC8483415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Translators face hectic daily schedules with deadlines they must duly meet. As trainees they receive tuition on how to work swiftly to meet them efficiently. But despite the prominent role of time pressure, its effects on the translation process are still scarcely researched. Studies point to the higher occurrence of errors under stringent time constraints. Most of these studies use key-logging or eye-tracking techniques to identify the problems encountered. But no attempt has yet been made to measure the physiological effects of time pressure in English-to-Spanish translation and their interplay with trainees' psychological state. The present study researches the influence of time pressure on translation by exploring trainees' physiological response (i.e., salivary cortisol) and psychological traits (i.e., self-esteem and anxiety). 33 Spanish translation trainees translated 3 English literary texts under different time pressure conditions: Text 1 (no time limit), Text 2 (10 minutes), Text 3 (5 minutes). Regression analysis results showed that higher cortisol levels during preparation predicted higher number of meaning errors in Text 1 and lower number of translated words in Text 2 and 3. Besides, higher trait anxiety emerged as predictor of lower number of translated words, but higher accuracy under extreme time constraints and in the absence of time pressure. Higher self-esteem correlated with lower levels of anxiety and lower levels of cortisol during preparation and recovery, suggesting that it may act as a protective factor against stress. And yet, the regression analysis showed that higher self-esteem predicted lower meaning and total accuracy under extreme time pressure. Besides, in our correlation analysis self-esteem was positively related to the number of translated words in Text 2 and 3. Results suggest that even if self-esteem could be a protective factor against stress, it may also have a negative effect on task performance mediated by overconfidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mª Rojo López
- Department of Translation and Interpreting, Faculty of Arts, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Paula Cifuentes Férez
- Department of Translation and Interpreting, Faculty of Arts, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Espín López
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Zeng X, Wei B. The relationship between the psychological capital of male individuals with drug abuse and relapse tendency: A moderated mediation model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:10334-10343. [PMID: 34602800 PMCID: PMC8476715 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the mechanism of psychological capital's influence on relapse tendency of drug addicts under the COVID-19, and construct a moderated mediation model. 977 individuals with drug addiction who come from a mandatory drug rehabilitation center in China completed the Chinese versions of Psychological capital Questionnaire, the Relapse Tendency Questionnaire,the Coping Style Questionnarie and the Life History Strategy Scale.The results showed that(1) there was a significant negative correlation between psychological capital and relapse tendency;(2)positive coping style mediated the relationship between psychological capital and relapse tendency;(3) life history strategy is an important moderator between psychological capital and positive coping style.These findings help us to better understand the impact of psychological capital and positive coping style on relapse tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zeng
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Wei
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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Leung MM, Arslan G, Wong PTP. Tragic Optimism as a Buffer Against COVID-19 Suffering and the Psychometric Properties of a Brief Version of the Life Attitudes Scale. Front Psychol 2021; 12:646843. [PMID: 34552523 PMCID: PMC8450366 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Life Attitudes Scale (LAS) was designed to measure tragic optimism (TO)-a distinct type of optimism that could generate hopeless hope even in dire situations according to existential positive psychology (PP 2.0). This study explains why only a faith-based TO could serve as a buffer against suffering at the Nazi death camps as well as the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In study 1, the results showed that the factorial structure of a 15-item LAS-Brief (LAS-B), which is a short measure of TO, replicated the original structure of the 32-item long version. The five factors (i.e., affirmation, acceptance, courage, faith, and self-transcendence) provided a good data model fit statistics for LAS-B; the measure had adequate-to-strong internal and latent construct reliability estimates. In study 2, the buffering effect of TO on the association between suffering experiences during COVID-19 and life satisfaction in adults was examined. The results of the studies were consistent with our hypothesis that TO as measured by LAS-B serves as a buffer against the impact of COVID-19 suffering on life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
- International Network on Personal Meaning, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul T. P. Wong
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
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Ekwonye AU, Truong N. Searching and Making Meaning of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives of African Immigrants in the United States. JOURNAL OF HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/00221678211022442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
African immigrants continue to be disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is unclear how they are searching for and finding meaning in the face of this adversity. This study sought to understand how African immigrants in the United States are searching for and making meaning of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted in-depth interviews remotely with 20 immigrants from West Africa (Nigeria and Ghana), East Africa (Somali and Rwanda), and Central Africa (Democratic Republic of Congo). The meaning-making model was used as a framework to understand the processes of coping during a significant, adverse life event. The study found that some participants attempted to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their global meaning by seeking answers as to why the pandemic occurred and creating positive illusions. Some redefined their priorities and reframed the pandemic in a positive light. Participants found meaning in the form of accepting the pandemic as a reality of life, appreciating events previously taken for granted, and making positive changes in their lives. This study’s findings can inform health care providers of the meaning-making processes of African immigrants and the need to assist them in their search for meaning.
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Kraaijeveld SR. COVID-19: Against a Lockdown Approach. Asian Bioeth Rev 2021; 13:195-212. [PMID: 33262838 PMCID: PMC7687977 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-020-00154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Governments around the world have faced the challenge of how to respond to the recent outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Some have reacted by greatly restricting the freedom of citizens, while others have opted for less drastic policies. In this paper, I draw a parallel with vaccination ethics to conceptualize two distinct approaches to COVID-19 that I call altruistic and lockdown. Given that the individual measures necessary to limit the spread of the virus can in principle be achieved voluntarily as well as through enforcement, the question arises of how much freedom governments ought to give citizens to adopt the required measures. I argue that an altruistic approach is preferable on moral grounds: it preserves important citizen freedoms, avoids a number of potential injustices, and gives people a much-needed sense of meaning in precarious times.
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Psychological Resources and Driving Status: A Study of Current and Former Drivers 55 Years of Age and Older. Can J Aging 2021; 40:396-404. [PMID: 34053474 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980820000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological resources can help individuals adjust to changes associated with aging. In this study, we examined the effect of demographic, health, and psychological resource variables in explaining driving status among adults 55 years and older. A convenience sample of 222 adults between the ages of 55 and 91 years (mean = 72.20 years) completed questionnaires that included measures of driving status, self-rated health, and psychological resources (e.g., life control, life purpose, and locus of control). Multiple logistic regression models that controlled for confounders were constructed with driver status (i.e., current driver or former driver) as the outcome. Former drivers were older, reported being in poorer health, and reported more depression symptoms. After controlling for age and health, current drivers reported higher levels of life control and life purpose and a more internal locus of control. Results highlight the importance of considering psychological resources when examining driving cessation.
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Harvey AJ, Blackie LER. Are predictions and perceptions of post-traumatic growth a form of ultimate justice reasoning? EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211014030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have questioned whether self-report questionnaires adequately assess post-traumatic growth as it was theorized (positive personality change after trauma), versus assessing a broader coping mechanism. Across four studies, we examine whether individuals report post-traumatic growth as a coping mechanism to restore a sense of justice. In Studies 1 and 2, participants predicted greater post-traumatic growth for a hypothetical victim after a severe accident that caused grave suffering (and disrupted one’s belief in a just world), compared to an accident that caused minimal suffering (and did not disrupt one’s belief in a just world). Both perceptions of deservingness of post-traumatic growth for the victim (a belief in a just world mechanism) and engagement in deliberative rumination (a post-traumatic growth mechanism) mediated the effect of suffering on the prediction of post-traumatic growth in Study 2. The same pattern of results held when participants considered their own imagined suffering (Study 3), and when participants reported post-traumatic growth from distressing events in their own lives (Study 4). As such, we conclude that following an episode of suffering, either occurring to another or to oneself, self-reports of post-traumatic growth on questionnaires can reflect two distinct motivations: (1) an attempt to cope with perceived injustices and (2) the will to search for meaning in one’s suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie J Harvey
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, UK
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Lyu Y, Yu Y, Chen S, Lu S, Ni S. Positive functioning at work during COVID-19: Posttraumatic growth, resilience, and emotional exhaustion in Chinese frontline healthcare workers. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2021; 13:871-886. [PMID: 33955174 PMCID: PMC8239539 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Research on traumatic events often emphasizes the importance of posttraumatic growth (PTG) and resilience, yet few studies have explored their trends and their relationship throughout the progression of traumatic events. This paper explores the longitudinal relationship between resilience and PTG, as well as the role of job burnout in this relationship, among frontline healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic, who have been exposed to high‐risk work environments over extraordinarily long workdays. In Study 1, 134 Chinese frontline healthcare workers completed a three‐wave survey (Time 1, Time 2, and Time 3) in February–May 2020. In Study 2, 401 frontline healthcare workers completed a cross‐sectional survey. The cross‐lagged analysis suggested that resilience at Time 1 positively predicted PTG at Time 2, which in turn positively predicted resilience at Time 3. PTG at Time 1 also positively predicted resilience at Time 2 (Study 1). However, job burnout was negatively related to both resilience and PTG; in particular, emotional exhaustion moderated the link between PTG and resilience (Study 2). Our findings support a cycle of reinforcement between resilience and PTG over time. The positive effect of PTG on resilience, however, is undermined by emotional exhaustion. Implications for future intervention research and workplace support are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Lyu
- Institute for Hospital Management, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongju Yu
- School of Sociology and Law, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuquan Chen
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuang Lu
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiguang Ni
- Institute for Hospital Management, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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48
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Self-Leadership and Psychological Capital as Key Cognitive Resources for Shaping Health-Protective Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic. ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/admsci11020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As COVID-19 has become a global pandemic, health researchers and practitioners have focused attention on identifying the factors that may help to shape health-protective behaviors, protecting individual health and well-being, and helping to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. This study explores the potential role of self-leadership and psychological capital (PsyCap) as key cognitive resources for shaping health-protective behaviors. Using multiple theoretical frameworks (social cognitive theory, psychological resources theory, and the health belief model), this paper develops and tests a hypothesized serial mediation model in which PsyCap and coping self-efficacy mediate the relationship between self-leadership and health-protective behaviors including hand washing, wearing face masks, and social distancing. Results suggest that PsyCap and coping self-efficacy mediate the positive relationship between self-leadership and health-protective behaviors. These results yield valuable insights regarding the usefulness of self-leadership and PsyCap as cognitive resources for shaping health-protective behaviors and for possible self-leadership and PsyCap interventions, potentially tailored to at-risk populations, which should have practical benefits for both the current and future pandemics and health crises.
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Núñez-Barriopedro E, Cuesta-Valiño P, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez P, Ravina-Ripoll R. How Does Happiness Influence the Loyalty of Karate Athletes? A Model of Structural Equations From the Constructs: Consumer Satisfaction, Engagement, and Meaningful. Front Psychol 2021; 12:653034. [PMID: 33897562 PMCID: PMC8058425 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.653034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Federations are concerned about attracting new sportsmen and sportswomen and increasing the number of members. The purpose of this research was to describe karate federations' strategies for attracting and retaining members through happiness. The analysis was carried out by designing a structural equation modeling (SEM), which allowed to analyze the main variables that influenced the happiness of the karate athlete and consequently to study their effect on people's loyalty to sports federations. In particular, Partial least squares SEM was applied in an overall model when it was possible to understand the happiness role in relation with other traditional relevant variables on loyalty. The data were obtained through primary sources employing a survey sent to the autonomous federations in the discipline of karate, obtaining a sample of 682 federated members in Spain. The results of the model revealed that consumer satisfaction, engagement, and meaningful influence on consumer happiness, but engagement was the most important and relevant variable for affecting this variable. Finally, consumer satisfaction and consumer happiness influence loyalty, and consumer satisfaction was the most important variable, but consumer happiness showed a real alternative for improving loyalty in karate sports federations. Then, one of the implications of this work was that it helped to explain how the federations can be managed to achieve loyal consumers together with a more considerable increase in the number of federated members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Núñez-Barriopedro
- Economics and Business Management Department, Faculty of Economics, Business and Tourism, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Pedro Cuesta-Valiño
- Economics and Business Management Department, Faculty of Economics, Business and Tourism, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Pablo Gutiérrez-Rodríguez
- Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Rafael Ravina-Ripoll
- Department of Business Management, Faculty of Economic and Business Sciences, INDESS, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
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Greenblatt-Kimron L. World assumptions and post-traumatic growth among older adults: The case of Holocaust survivors. Stress Health 2021; 37:353-363. [PMID: 33098210 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic events may lead to post-traumatic growth (PTG). Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanisms leading to PTG, especially among older adults. This study sought to examine the direct relationship between world assumptions and PTG and the indirect relationship between them via two possible mediation pathways: post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and meaning in life. One hundred fifty-nine Holocaust survivors participated in the study (mean age = 82.34, SD = 5.81). Participants completed questionnaires of world assumptions, meaning in life, PTSS and PTG. The findings showed that world assumptions were positive and were positively associated with meaning in life and PTG and negatively associated with PTSS. The results of the multiple mediation model suggest that meaning in life and PTSS partially mediated the relations between world assumptions and PTG. Positive world assumptions were associated with higher meaning in life, which was associated with higher PTG. In contrast, despite the direct association between PTSS and PTG, the mediating effect of PTSS was negative, thus the more positive the world assumptions, the higher the PTG mediated by lower PTSS. The results suggest that the relationship between world assumptions and PTG may be direct and indirect. These findings suggest possible mechanisms underlying PTG, especially in old age.
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