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Giudice TD, Lindenschmidt T, Hellmich M, Hautmann C, Döpfner M, Görtz-Dorten A. Stability of the effects of a social competence training program for children with oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder: a 10-month follow-up. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:1599-1608. [PMID: 35279770 PMCID: PMC10460314 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01932-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The stability and effectiveness of the Treatment Program for Children with Aggressive Behavior (THAV) in terms of reducing behavioral problems in children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) were examined at a 10-month follow-up (FU). A total of 76 families and their children (boys aged 6-12 years), who previously participated in a randomized controlled trial comparing THAV with an active control group, took part in the 10-month FU assessment. Outcome measures were rated by parents and included the evaluation of child aggressive behavior, prosocial behavior, problem-maintaining and problem-moderating factors, and comorbid symptoms. Linear mixed models for repeated measures (MMRM) were conducted. The results revealed that THAV effects remained stable (problem-maintaining and problem-moderating factors; comorbid symptoms) and even partially improved (aggressive behavior; ADHD symptoms) over the FU period. Additionally, the differences between the THAV intervention group and the control group, which were apparent at the end of the treatment (post), mainly also remained at the FU assessment. It can be concluded that THAV is an effective and stable intervention for boys aged 6-12 years with ODD/CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Del Giudice
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Timo Lindenschmidt
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher Hautmann
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manfred Döpfner
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Görtz-Dorten
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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d’Huart D, Steppan M, Seker S, Bürgin D, Boonmann C, Birkhölzer M, Jenkel N, Fegert JM, Schmid M, Schmeck K. Prevalence and 10-Year Stability of Personality Disorders From Adolescence to Young Adulthood in a High-Risk Sample. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:840678. [PMID: 35401274 PMCID: PMC8987201 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.840678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the implementation of the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) in early 2022, there will be a radical change in the framework and process for diagnosing personality disorders (PDs), indicating a transition from the categorical to the dimensional model. Despite increasing evidence that PDs are not as stable as previously assumed, the long-term stability of PDs remains under major debate. The aim of the current paper was to investigate the categorical and dimensional mean-level and rank-order stability of PDs from adolescence into young adulthood in a high-risk sample. Methods In total, 115 young adults with a history of residential child welfare and juvenile-justice placements in Switzerland were included in the current study. PDs were assessed at baseline and at a 10-year follow-up. On a categorical level, mean-level stability was assessed through the proportion of enduring cases from baseline to follow-up. Rank-order stability was assessed through Cohen's κ and tetrachoric correlation coefficients. On a dimensional level, the magnitude of change between the PD trait scores at baseline and at follow-up was measured by Cohen's d. Rank-order stability was assessed through Spearman's ρ. Results The prevalence rate for any PD was 20.0% at baseline and 30.4% at follow-up. The most frequently diagnosed disorders were antisocial, borderline, and obsessive-compulsive PDs, both at baseline and at follow-up. On a categorical level, the mean-level stability of any PD was only moderate, and the mean-level stability of specific PDs was low, except of schizoid PD. Likewise, the rank-order stability of any PD category was moderate, while ranging from low to high for individual PD diagnoses. On a dimensional level, scores increased significantly for most PDs, except for histrionic traits, which decreased significantly from baseline to follow-up. Effect sizes were generally low. The rank-order stability for dimensional scores ranged from low to moderate. Conclusion The findings indicate low to moderate stability of Pds and Pd traits from adolescence to adulthood, which supports the growing evidence that categorical diagnoses of Pds are quite unstable. This in turn, emphasizes the use of the upcoming ICD-11 that Acknowledgments Pds to be only "relatively" stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfine d’Huart
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Steppan
- Division of Developmental and Personality Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Süheyla Seker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Bürgin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cyril Boonmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Forensic Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Birkhölzer
- Department of Forensic Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nils Jenkel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg M. Fegert
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc Schmid
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Schmeck
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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d’Huart D, Bürgin D, Seker S, Birkhölzer M, Jenkel N, Boonmann C, Fegert JM, Schmid M, Schmeck K. Risikofaktoren für und Stabilität einer Persönlichkeitsstörung vom Jugendalter bis ins junge Erwachsenenalter in einer Hochrisikopopulation. KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG 2022. [DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403/a000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Studien zeigen, dass Persönlichkeitsstörungen (PS) weniger stabil und bei einer frühzeitigen Erkennung gut behandelbar sind. Fragestellung: Ziel dieser Studie ist, 1) die Prävalenz von PS bei ehemalig fremdplatzierten jungen Erwachsenen zu beschreiben, 2) die kategoriale Stabilität von PS vom Jugendalter bis ins junge Erwachsenenalter zu bestimmen und 3) prospektive Risikofaktoren für eine PS im Erwachsenenalter zu identifizieren. Methoden: 180 ehemalig fremdplatzierte junge Erwachsene ( M = 26.3 Jahre) aus einer schweizweiten Längsschnittstudie wurden untersucht. Ergebnisse: 35 % der Teilnehmenden wiesen eine PS auf. Die kategoriale Stabilität belief sich auf 47 %. Folgende Risikofaktoren für eine PS im Erwachsenenalter wurden identifiziert: vorangehende PS, psychopathische Persönlichkeitszüge, Substanzmissbrauch, emotionale Vernachlässigung, kumulierte Misshandlungserfahrungen und Deliktschwere. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Die kategoriale Stabilität irgendeiner PS in dieser Stichprobe gilt als mittelgradig. Dies unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit, PS nicht mehr mit einem lebenslangen, unveränderbaren Schicksal gleichzusetzen. Das Erkennen möglicher Risikofaktoren ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung, um individuelle Behandlungsmöglichkeiten zu gewährleisten und einer Chronifizierung entgegenzuwirken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfine d’Huart
- Forschungsabteilung der Klinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Schweiz
| | - David Bürgin
- Forschungsabteilung der Klinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Schweiz
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Süheyla Seker
- Forschungsabteilung der Klinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Schweiz
| | - Marc Birkhölzer
- Jugendforensische Ambulanz (JAM), Klinik für Forensik, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Schweiz
| | - Nils Jenkel
- Forschungsabteilung der Klinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Schweiz
| | - Cyril Boonmann
- Forschungsabteilung der Klinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Schweiz
| | - Jörg M. Fegert
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Marc Schmid
- Forschungsabteilung der Klinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Schweiz
| | - Klaus Schmeck
- Forschungsabteilung der Klinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Schweiz
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Psychiatric Morbidity and Personality Characteristics of Detained Adolescents With Delinquent Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study. J Nerv Ment Dis 2020; 208:989-996. [PMID: 33003054 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The current study was undertaken with the aim of assessing the psychopathological symptoms, personality profile, and hostility in detained adolescents with delinquent behavior. A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out on 50 admitted adolescent delinquents in correctional institutes in the Greater Cairo region of Egypt. Results for delinquent adolescents were compared with age-equivalent adolescents with no history of delinquency. Both groups were subjected to the Adolescent and Adult Psychological State Inventory, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Locus of Control scale, and the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ). Results concluded that adolescents with delinquent behavior displayed increased rates of psychiatric disorders over the comparative group. Significantly higher scores on the psychoticism, neuroticism, extraversion, and psychopathic deviation subscales and the Locus of Control scale were evident among the adolescent delinquent group compared with their nondelinquent peers. The delinquent group obtained, in general, higher overall scores on the HDHQ questionnaire when compared with the nondelinquent adolescents, while also obtaining higher scores on the paranoid hostility subscale of HDHQ. Acting out hostility scores correlated positively with neuroticism and psychoticism in delinquents. Psychiatric morbidity, extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism, and increased hostility were found to contribute as major psychosocial factors underlying the psychopathology in detained juvenile delinquents.
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Taka-Eilola Nèe Riekki T, Veijola J, Miettunen J, Koskela J, Kantojärvi L, Mäki P. Antisocial and borderline personality disorders in the offspring of antenatally depressed mothers - a follow-up until mid-adulthood in the Northern Finland 1966 birth cohort. Nord J Psychiatry 2020; 74:138-146. [PMID: 31647361 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2019.1681508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Maternal depression is common during pregnancy, affecting 10-15% of mothers. In previous reports, the offspring of antenatally depressed mothers have had an elevated risk for antisocial, criminal and violent behaviour in adolescence, and for borderline personality features in childhood, but long-term outcomes are unknown.Aims: To study whether the adult offspring of antenatally depressed mothers have an elevated risk for antisocial (ASPD) or borderline personality disorder (BPD) when followed until mid-adulthood.Methods: In the general population-based Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort, mothers of 12,058 children were asked during mid-gestation if they felt depressed. Of the mothers, 14% reported being depressed. The offspring were followed for 49 years. The diagnoses of in- and outpatient-treated ASPD and BPD in the offspring were detected using the Finnish Care Register for Healthcare. Maternal antenatal smoking, newborn´s low birthweight or short gestational age, father's social class, and family type at birth were considered as confounding variables. Logistic regression analyses on the potential confounders were performed. Maternal postnatal depression and paternal ASPD information was not available.Results: In the male offspring of antenatally depressed mothers, the risk for ASPD was elevated (adjusted odds ratio 5.6; 95% confidence interval 1.8-17.8), but not in female offspring. The risk for BPD was not elevated in the offspring of antenatally depressed mothers in this study.Conclusions: The sons of antenatally depressed mothers had an increased risk for ASPD. Prevention and treatment of antenatal depression might present an opportunity to decrease the risk of antisocial personality in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Taka-Eilola Nèe Riekki
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Basic Health Care District of Kallio, Finland
| | - Juha Veijola
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari Koskela
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Liisa Kantojärvi
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pirjo Mäki
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Länsi-Pohja Healthcare District, Kemi, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, The Middle Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Soite Mental Health Services, Joint Municipal Authority of Wellbeing in Raahe District, Mental Health Services and Basic Health Care District of Kallio, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Kainuu Central Hospital, Kainuu Social and Healthcare District, Kainuu, Finland
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6
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Syrokvashina K, Dozortseva E. Antisocial Personality Disorder in Adolescence: Methodology and Diagnostics. КОНСУЛЬТАТИВНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ И ПСИХОТЕРАПИЯ 2020. [DOI: 10.17759/cpp.2020280104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The paper describes the issues in conceptualization and diagnostics of antisocial personality disorder in adolescents and youths. Modern interpretations of the antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy categories are presented in two competing approaches headed by R. Hare and D. Cooke. The application of these diagnoses to adolescents remains problematic, however, it is possible to single out certain predictors indicating potential development of antisocial personality disorder in the future. The methods of diagnostics of the antisocial personality disorder and corresponding individual traits in adolescents present a special problem. Further development of this research area will contribute to the forming of the theoretical grounds, methods, and inventories, as well as the practice of diagnostics, prevention and correction of antisocial personality disorder in adolescents and youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.V. Syrokvashina
- FSBI «National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology named after V.P. Serbsky» of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - E.G. Dozortseva
- FSBI "V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
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Guberman GI, Robitaille MP, Larm P, Ptito A, Vitaro F, Tremblay RE, Hodgins S. Are Traumatic Brain Injuries Associated With Criminality After Taking Account of Childhood Family Social Status and Disruptive Behaviors? J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 31:123-131. [PMID: 30537914 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.18040094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors aimed to elucidate the links between traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and criminal convictions in a sample of 724 Canadian males with and without criminal records followed up to age 24. METHODS Prospectively collected data were analyzed to determine whether prior TBIs predicted subsequent criminal convictions after taking account of family social status (FSS) and childhood disruptive behaviors. At age 24, diagnoses of TBIs were extracted from health records and convictions from official criminal records. In childhood, teachers rated disruptive behaviors and parents reported FSS. RESULTS Proportionately more individuals with offender status than nonoffender status sustained a TBI from age 18 to age 24 but not before age 18. Individuals with offender status who had sustained a TBI before and after their first conviction were similar in numbers, were raised in families of low social status, and presented high levels of disruptive behaviors from age 6 to age 12. When FSS and childhood disruptive behaviors were included in multivariable regression models, sustaining a prior TBI was not associated with an increased risk of juvenile convictions for any type of crime, for violent crimes, for convictions for any crime or violent crime from age 18 to age 24, or for a first crime or a first violent crime from age 18 to age 24. CONCLUSIONS Among males, there was no evidence that prior TBIs were associated with an increased risk of subsequent criminal convictions from age 12 to age 24 when taking account of FSS and childhood disruptive behaviors, although these latter factors may be associated with an increased prevalence of TBIs among adult offenders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido I Guberman
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (GIG, AP); the Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Santé Mentale de Montréal, Département de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Université de Montréal (MPR, SH); the Groupe de Recherche sur l'Inadaptation Sociale, Montréal (FV, RET, SH); and the School of Health Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalens University, Västerås, Sweden (PL)
| | - Marie-Pier Robitaille
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (GIG, AP); the Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Santé Mentale de Montréal, Département de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Université de Montréal (MPR, SH); the Groupe de Recherche sur l'Inadaptation Sociale, Montréal (FV, RET, SH); and the School of Health Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalens University, Västerås, Sweden (PL)
| | - Peter Larm
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (GIG, AP); the Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Santé Mentale de Montréal, Département de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Université de Montréal (MPR, SH); the Groupe de Recherche sur l'Inadaptation Sociale, Montréal (FV, RET, SH); and the School of Health Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalens University, Västerås, Sweden (PL)
| | - Alain Ptito
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (GIG, AP); the Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Santé Mentale de Montréal, Département de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Université de Montréal (MPR, SH); the Groupe de Recherche sur l'Inadaptation Sociale, Montréal (FV, RET, SH); and the School of Health Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalens University, Västerås, Sweden (PL)
| | - Frank Vitaro
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (GIG, AP); the Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Santé Mentale de Montréal, Département de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Université de Montréal (MPR, SH); the Groupe de Recherche sur l'Inadaptation Sociale, Montréal (FV, RET, SH); and the School of Health Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalens University, Västerås, Sweden (PL)
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (GIG, AP); the Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Santé Mentale de Montréal, Département de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Université de Montréal (MPR, SH); the Groupe de Recherche sur l'Inadaptation Sociale, Montréal (FV, RET, SH); and the School of Health Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalens University, Västerås, Sweden (PL)
| | - Sheilagh Hodgins
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (GIG, AP); the Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Santé Mentale de Montréal, Département de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Université de Montréal (MPR, SH); the Groupe de Recherche sur l'Inadaptation Sociale, Montréal (FV, RET, SH); and the School of Health Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalens University, Västerås, Sweden (PL)
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The validity of conduct disorder symptom profiles in high-risk male youth. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:1537-1546. [PMID: 31004293 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Conduct disorder (CD) is a heterogeneous pattern of rule-breaking and aggressive symptoms. Until now it has been unclear whether valid, clinically useful symptom profiles can be defined for populations in youth at high-risk of CD. Interview-based psychiatric disorders, CD symptoms and officially recorded offences were assessed in boys from a detention facility and a forensic psychiatric hospital (N = 281; age 11.2-21.3 years). We used latent class analyses (LCA) to examine CD subtypes and their relationships with comorbid psychiatric disorders, suicidality, and criminal recidivism. LCA revealed five CD subtypes: no CD, mild aggressive CD, mild covert CD, moderate CD, and severe CD. The severe and, to a lesser degree, the moderate CD subtype were related to comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, substance use disorder, affective disorder, and suicidality. Time to violent criminal re-offending was predicted by severe CD (OR 5.98, CI 2.5-13.80) and moderate CD (OR 4.18, CI 1.89-9.21), but not by any other CD subtype in multivariate Cox regressions (controlling for age, low socioeconomic status and foreign nationality). These results confirm the existence of different CD symptom profiles in a high-risk group. Additional variable-oriented analyses with CD symptom count and aggressive/rule-breaking CD-dimensions further supported a dimensional view and a dose-response relationship of CD and criminal recidivism. Classifying high-risk young people according to the number of aggressive and rule-breaking CD symptoms is of major clinical importance and may provide information about risk of violent recidivism.
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Whipp AM, Korhonen T, Raevuori A, Heikkilä K, Pulkkinen L, Rose RJ, Kaprio J, Vuoksimaa E. Early adolescent aggression predicts antisocial personality disorder in young adults: a population-based study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:341-350. [PMID: 30019148 PMCID: PMC6407741 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Modestly prevalent in the general population (~ 4%), but highly prevalent in prison populations (> 40%), the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) involves aggression as one of several possible criteria. Using multiple informants, we aimed to determine if general aggression, as well as direct and indirect subtypes, assessed in early adolescence (ages 12, 14) predict young adulthood ASPD in a population-based sample. Using data from a Finnish population-based longitudinal twin cohort study with psychiatric interviews available at age 22 (N = 1347), we obtained DSM-IV-based ASPD diagnoses. Aggression measures from ages 12 (parental and teacher ratings) and 14 (teacher, self, and co-twin ratings) were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) of ASPD from logistic regression models and the area under the curve (AUC) from receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, and family structure. All informants' aggression ratings were significant (p < 0.05) predictors of ASPD (OR range 1.3-1.8; AUC range 0.65-0.72). Correlations between informants ranged from 0.13 to 0.33. Models including two or more aggression ratings, particularly age 14 teacher and self ratings, more accurately predicted ASPD (AUC: 0.80; 95% confidence interval 0.73-0.87). Direct aggression rated by all informants significantly predicted ASPD (OR range 1.4-1.9), whereas only self-rated indirect aggression was significantly associated with ASPD (OR = 1.4). Across different informants, general and direct aggression at ages 12 and 14 predicted ASPD in a population-based sample. Psychiatric, social, and parenting interventions for ASPD prevention should focus on children and adolescents with high aggression levels, with an aim to gather information from multiple informants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyce M. Whipp
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, PL 20 (Tukholmankatu 8 B), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tellervo Korhonen
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, PL 20 (Tukholmankatu 8 B), 00014 Helsinki, Finland ,0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Raevuori
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,0000 0000 9950 5666grid.15485.3dDepartment of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kauko Heikkilä
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, PL 20 (Tukholmankatu 8 B), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lea Pulkkinen
- 0000 0001 1013 7965grid.9681.6Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Richard J. Rose
- 0000 0001 0790 959Xgrid.411377.7Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, PL 20 (Tukholmankatu 8 B), 00014 Helsinki, Finland ,0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, PL 20 (Tukholmankatu 8 B), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Bilgiç A, Tufan AE, Yılmaz S, Özcan Ö, Özmen S, Öztop D, Türkoğlu S, Akça ÖF, Yar A, Işık Ü, Çolak Sivri R, Polat H, Irmak A, Dönmez YE, Çon Bayhan P, Uçur Ö, Cansız MA, Savcı U. Association of Reactive-Proactive Aggression and Anxiety Sensitivity with Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2017; 48:283-297. [PMID: 27033363 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-016-0640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the associations among the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and disruptive behavioral disorders (DBD) in the context of their relationships with reactive-proactive aggression and anxiety sensitivity in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The sample consisted of 342 treatment-naive children with ADHD. The severity of ADHD and DBD symptoms were assessed via parent- and teacher-rated inventories. Anxiety sensitivity, reactive-proactive aggression and severity of anxiety and depression symptoms of children were evaluated by self-report inventories. According to structural equation modeling, depression and anxiety scores had a relation with the DBD scores through reactive-proactive aggression. Results also showed a negative relation of the total scores of anxiety sensitivity on DBD scores, while conduct disorder scores had a positive relation with anxiety scores. This study suggests that examining the relations of reactive-proactive aggression and anxiety sensitivity with internalizing and externalizing disorders could be useful for understanding the link among these disorders in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Bilgiç
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Meram, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Ali Evren Tufan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Savaş Yılmaz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Özlem Özcan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Özmen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Didem Öztop
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Surp Pirgic Ermenian Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serhat Türkoğlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Akça
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Konya Education and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ümit Işık
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Rukiye Çolak Sivri
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Meram, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Polat
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Irmak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Dönmez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Pelin Çon Bayhan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ömer Uçur
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Cansız
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Uğur Savcı
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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11
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Lüdtke J, Boonmann C, Dölitzsch C, In-Albon T, Jenkel N, Kölch M, Fegert JM, Schmeck K, Schmid M. Komorbide Angststörungen bei Störungen des Sozialverhaltens. KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG 2017. [DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403/a000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Obwohl Angststörungen (AS) häufig komorbid mit einer Störung des Sozialverhaltens (SSV) auftreten, wurde diese Komorbidität in der Forschung weitgehend vernachlässigt. Komorbide AS wirken sich in Studien sowohl positiv als auch negativ auf den Verlauf einer SSV aus. Diese Studie zielt darauf ab, Heranwachsende mit einer SSV mit und ohne AS hinsichtlich psychischer Belastung, traumatischen Erlebnissen, psychopathischen Persönlichkeitstraits und Legalbewährung zu untersuchen. 207 Heranwachsende mit einer SSV (9 – 25 Jahre; 73.4 % männlich; SSV: N = 180, SSV und AS: N = 27), die zum Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung in Jugendhilfeeinrichtungen lebten, konnten eingeschlossen werden. Es wurden strukturierte klinische Interviews und eine psychometrische Testbatterie eingesetzt. Die Resultate zeigen, dass die Gruppe mit SSV und AS signifikant weniger externalisierende und mehr internalisierende Symptome sowie traumatische Erlebnisse aufweisen. Bezüglich psychopathischer Persönlichkeitsmerkmale und Verurteilungen (>50 % in beiden Gruppen) ergaben sich keine signifikanten Gruppenunterschiede. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass die Ausprägung der SSV für die Kriminalitätsentwicklung bedeutsamer und die spezifische Komorbidität von AS aber doch ätiologisch und symptomatisch von großem Interesse ist. Diese sollte deshalb mit Längsschnittstudien und Therapieprozessanalysen intensiver beforscht werden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Lüdtke
- Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrische Klinik, Universität Basel
| | - Cyril Boonmann
- Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrische Klinik, Universität Basel
| | - Claudia Dölitzsch
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychotherapie
| | - Tina In-Albon
- Universität Koblenz-Landau, Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters
| | - Nils Jenkel
- Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrische Klinik, Universität Basel
| | - Michael Kölch
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/-psychotherapie der Ruppiner Kliniken Hochschulklinik Medizinischen Hochschule Brandenburg
| | - Jörg M. Fegert
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychotherapie
| | - Klaus Schmeck
- Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrische Klinik, Universität Basel
| | - Marc Schmid
- Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrische Klinik, Universität Basel
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12
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Robitaille MP, Checknita D, Vitaro F, Tremblay RE, Paris J, Hodgins S. A prospective, longitudinal, study of men with borderline personality disorder with and without comorbid antisocial personality disorder. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2017; 4:25. [PMID: 29225887 PMCID: PMC5719590 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-017-0076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some evidence suggests that the prevalence of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is elevated among male criminal offenders. It is not presently known whether offending, and violent offending, are limited to those presenting comorbid Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) who have a childhood history of conduct problems and whether offending is linked to psychopathic traits. METHODS A community sample of 311 males followed from age 6 to 33 years, one third of whom had a criminal charge between ages 18 and 24, completed diagnostic interviews and the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised interview. Information on childhood included parent-reported family characteristics and teacher-rated of hurtful and uncaring behaviours, conduct problems, hyperactivity and inattention, and anxiety at age 6, 10, and 12 years. Health files were obtained as were records of criminal convictions from age 12 to 33. RESULTS At age 33, 4% of the men presented BPD and not ASPD, 16% ASPD and not BPD, 8% BPD + ASPD, and 72% neither disorder (ND). Comorbid disorders were common: BPD were distinguished by high levels of anxiety disorders, BPD and BPD + ASPD by depression disorders, and BPD, BPD + ASPD, and ASPD by substance dependence. Official files indicated use of health services by all participants. One-third of participants with BPD and BPD + ASPD acquired a diagnosis of a personality disorder. More than one-third of participants with BPD + ASPD obtained scores indicative of the syndrome of psychopathy. Convictions for violent crimes varied across groups: In adolescence, BPD none, BPD + ASPD 16%, ASPD 16%, and ND 3.6%; from age 18 to 33, BPD 18%, ASPD 19%, BPD + ASPD 52%, and ND 4.4%. Offenders with BPD + ASPD were convicted, on average, for four times more violent crimes than offenders with ASPD and seven times more than ND offenders. In childhood, men with BPD + ASPD and with ASPD had obtained similarly elevated ratings for disruptive behaviours as compared to ND. CONCLUSION BPD comorbid with ASPD was associated with violent criminal offending in adolescence and most strongly in adulthood, elevated levels of psychopathic traits, and childhood disruptive behaviour. BPD showed similar characteristics but to a much less degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pier Robitaille
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H1N 3M5 Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Departement de psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dave Checknita
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Council, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H1N 3M5 Canada.,École de psychoéducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H1N 3M5 Canada.,Département de pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joel Paris
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Institute of Community and Family Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sheilagh Hodgins
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H1N 3M5 Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Departement de psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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13
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Rautiainen MR, Paunio T, Repo-Tiihonen E, Virkkunen M, Ollila HM, Sulkava S, Jolanki O, Palotie A, Tiihonen J. Genome-wide association study of antisocial personality disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e883. [PMID: 27598967 PMCID: PMC5048197 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) remains unclear. Although the most consistent biological finding is reduced grey matter volume in the frontal cortex, about 50% of the total liability to developing ASPD has been attributed to genetic factors. The contributing genes remain largely unknown. Therefore, we sought to study the genetic background of ASPD. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and a replication analysis of Finnish criminal offenders fulfilling DSM-IV criteria for ASPD (N=370, N=5850 for controls, GWAS; N=173, N=3766 for controls and replication sample). The GWAS resulted in suggestive associations of two clusters of single-nucleotide polymorphisms at 6p21.2 and at 6p21.32 at the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. Imputation of HLA alleles revealed an independent association with DRB1*01:01 (odds ratio (OR)=2.19 (1.53-3.14), P=1.9 × 10(-5)). Two polymorphisms at 6p21.2 LINC00951-LRFN2 gene region were replicated in a separate data set, and rs4714329 reached genome-wide significance (OR=1.59 (1.37-1.85), P=1.6 × 10(-9)) in the meta-analysis. The risk allele also associated with antisocial features in the general population conditioned for severe problems in childhood family (β=0.68, P=0.012). Functional analysis in brain tissue in open access GTEx and Braineac databases revealed eQTL associations of rs4714329 with LINC00951 and LRFN2 in cerebellum. In humans, LINC00951 and LRFN2 are both expressed in the brain, especially in the frontal cortex, which is intriguing considering the role of the frontal cortex in behavior and the neuroanatomical findings of reduced gray matter volume in ASPD. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing genome-wide significant and replicable findings on genetic variants associated with any personality disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-R Rautiainen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Paunio
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, PO Box 30, Helsinki FI-00271, FinlandE-mail:
| | - E Repo-Tiihonen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Virkkunen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H M Ollila
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland,Stanford University Center for Sleep Sciences, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - S Sulkava
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O Jolanki
- Stanford University Center for Sleep Sciences, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - A Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Tiihonen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Byggnad R5, Stockholm S-171 76, Sweden. E-mail:
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14
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Dadds MR, Moul C, Hawes DJ, Mendoza Diaz A, Brennan J. Individual Differences in Childhood Behavior Disorders Associated With Epigenetic Modulation of the Cortisol Receptor Gene. Child Dev 2015; 86:1311-20. [DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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15
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Le Corff Y, Toupin J. Overt versus covert conduct disorder symptoms and the prospective prediction of antisocial personality disorder. J Pers Disord 2014; 28:864-72. [PMID: 25437929 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2012_26_074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown strong continuity between conduct disorder (CD) in adolescence and antisocial personality disorder (APD) in adulthood. Researchers have been trying to explain why some adolescents with CD persist into adult APD and others do not. A few studies reported that overt and covert CD symptoms have a differential predictive power for APD, with mixed results. The present study aimed to evaluate the prospective association of overt and covert CD symptoms with APD in a sample of male adolescents with CD (N = 128, mean age = 15.6, SD = 1.6). Participants were recruited at intake in Quebec Youth Centers and reassessed 3 years later (n = 73). CD and ADHD symptoms were assessed at intake with the DISC-R while APD was assessed 3 years later with the SCID-II. Logistic regression results showed that, contrary to previous prospective studies (Lahey, Loeber, Burke, & Applegate, 2005; Washburn et al., 2007), overt (OR = 2.12, 95% CI [1.29, 3.50]) but not covert (OR = 1.04, 95% CI [0.69, 1.56]) symptoms predicted later APD, controlling for ADHD symptoms and socioeconomic status. It is hypothesized that the divergence with previous studies may be explained by the higher mean number and wider range of overt CD symptoms in our sample.
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16
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van Vugt E, Lanctôt N, Paquette G, Collin-Vézina D, Lemieux A. Girls in residential care: from child maltreatment to trauma-related symptoms in emerging adulthood. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2014; 38:114-122. [PMID: 24262310 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the association between child maltreatment and trauma-related symptoms in emerging adulthood--over and above the incidence of such symptoms and conduct problems during adolescence--among a sample of female adolescents in residential care. This study used data from a longitudinal study. The sample was composed of 89 adolescent females who were first interviewed at time of admission in a residential center (M(age)=15.33 years, SD=1.31) and later in young adulthood (M(age)=19.27, SD=1.55). At time 1, trauma-related symptoms were assessed with the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children and conduct problems with a composite measure. At time 2, child maltreatment was assessed retrospectively with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and trauma-related symptoms were reassessed with the Trauma Symptom Inventory-2. Results indicated that child maltreatment, especially emotional abuse and neglect, was related to anxious arousal, depression, and anger in emerging adulthood. This study showed that females from our sample often reported different types of maltreatment during childhood and that these traumatic experiences were significantly associated with poor adult psychological functioning.
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17
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Cummings JR, Bornovalova MA, Ojanen T, Hunt E, MacPherson L, Lejuez C. Time doesn't change everything: the longitudinal course of distress tolerance and its relationship with externalizing and internalizing symptoms during early adolescence. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 41:735-48. [PMID: 23329354 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-012-9704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although distress tolerance is an emerging construct of empirical interest, we know little about its temporal change, developmental trajectory, and prospective relationships with maladaptive behaviors. The current study examined the developmental trajectory (mean- and individual-level change, and rank-order stability) of distress tolerance in an adolescent sample of boys and girls (N = 277) followed over a four-year period. Next we examined if distress tolerance influenced change in Externalizing (EXT) and Internalizing (INT) symptoms, and if EXT and INT symptoms in turn influenced change in distress tolerance. Finally, we examined if any of these trends differed by gender. Results indicated that distress tolerance is temporally stable, with little mean- or individual-level change. Latent growth models reported that level of distress tolerance is cross-sectionally associated with both EXT and INT symptoms, yet longitudinally, only associated with EXT symptoms. These results suggest that distress tolerance should be a focus of research on etiology and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R Cummings
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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18
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van der Molen E, Vermeiren RRJM, Krabbendam AA, Beekman ATF, Doreleijers TAH, Jansen LMC. Detained adolescent females' multiple mental health and adjustment problem outcomes in young adulthood. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2013; 54:950-7. [PMID: 23343212 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although prior studies have shown that detained females are marked by significant adverse circumstances, little is known about their adult outcomes. METHOD Prospective follow-up study of 184 (80.4% of original sample of 229) detained adolescent females who were reassessed 4.5 (SD=0.6) years later in young adulthood (mean age=20.0, SD=1.4) on mental health and adjustment outcomes. Associations between these outcomes and detained females' behavior problems and offense history were examined. RESULTS In the total sample, 59.0% had one or more mental health problems at follow-up, whereas 96.2% were facing at least one adjustment problem. Subjects with a personality disorder (PD) reported more adjustment problems compared to subjects without PD. Mental health and adjustment problems in young adulthood were predicted by detained adolescent females' behavior problems and offense history. CONCLUSION Detained adolescent females suffered from multiple mental health and adjustment problems in young adulthood. Females who developed PD were most impaired. Results of this study underline the compelling need for continued and gender-specific interventions. The identification of predictors during detention for poor adult outcomes can serve as targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- E van der Molen
- Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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19
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Le Corff Y, Toupin J. Overt Versus Covert Conduct Disorder Symptoms and the Prospective Prediction of Antisocial Personality Disorder. J Pers Disord 2013:1-9. [PMID: 23398101 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2013_27_074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown strong continuity between conduct disorder (CD) in adolescence and antisocial personality disorder (APD) in adulthood. Researchers have been trying to explain why some adolescents with CD persist into adult APD and others do not. A few studies reported that overt and covert CD symptoms have a differential predictive power for APD, with mixed results. The present study aimed to evaluate the prospective association of overt and covert CD symptoms with APD in a sample of male adolescents with CD (N = 128, mean age = 15.6, SD = 1.6). Participants were recruited at intake in Quebec Youth Centers and reassessed 3 years later (n = 73). CD and ADHD symptoms were assessed at intake with the DISC-R while APD was assessed 3 years later with the SCID-II. Logistic regression results showed that, contrary to previous prospective studies (Lahey, Loeber, Burke, & Applegate, 2005; Washburn et al., 2007), overt (OR = 2.12, 95% CI [1.29, 3.50]) but not covert (OR = 1.04, 95% CI [0.69, 1.56]) symptoms predicted later APD, controlling for ADHD symptoms and socioeconomic status. It is hypothesized that the divergence with previous studies may be explained by the higher mean number and wider range of overt CD symptoms in our sample.
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20
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to understand violence directed against behaviour technicians in juvenile rehabilitation centres. The findings are based on a survey conducted among 586 educators working in one of ten youth centres across Quebec. In this article we will first assess the occurrence of violent acts. Then, we will examine individual and contextual factors that predict physical aggression. More than half (53.9 %) of the educators surveyed reported to have been physically assaulted at least once in the past year. Regarding individual factors, being affected by the exposure to aggressive behaviours and the frequency of psychological aggression increase the risk of victimization. With respect to situational factors, the age of the clientele and the legal basis for placement (i.e. civil or criminal) influence the occurrence of violent acts towards staff members. Our analyses also show that physical violence not only affects staff members but also the institution. The identification of predictors of violence can guide prevention programs in youth centres. Moreover, they can help target behaviour technicians who are at risk of being assaulted in order to prevent their victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Geoffrion
- Candidat au doctorat en criminologie, Équipe VISAGE, Centre d'étude sur le trauma, affilié à l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal
| | - Frédéric Ouellet
- Professeur adjoint, École de criminologie, Université de Montréal, Chercheur régulier, Centre international de criminologie comparée, (CICC)
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21
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Salekin RT, Tippey JG, Allen AD. Treatment of conduct problem youth with interpersonal callous traits using mental models: measurement of risk and change. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2012; 30:470-486. [PMID: 22807090 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined a newly developed intervention for conduct problem youth with callous unemotional (CU) traits. Specifically, we examined the effects of a mental models intervention designed to increase motivation, raise positive emotion, and decrease interpersonal callousness in youth. We then measured change on the treatment scale of a risk and management measure for young offenders, namely the Risk-Sophistication-Treatment Inventory - Self Report (RSTI-SR; Iselin & Salekin, 2008). The design of the study involved administering a test battery to youth in a secure residential facility pre-, mid-, and post-treatment. Findings showed increases in positive emotion and treatment amenability scores and reduced psychopathy scores across the intervention. Reductions in symptoms were evidenced across the facets of interpersonal, callous and impulsive psychopathy traits. Similarly, gains on the RSTI-SR treatment scale were multidimensional. The current study revealed three important findings. First, positive emotion was shown to increase in youth across the intervention. Second, the new intervention was effective at reducing interpersonal callous traits in youth, as well as improving their amenability to treatment. Third, the RSTI-SR appeared to be an effective measure for indexing change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall T Salekin
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
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22
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Comorbidity of conduct disorder symptoms and internalising problems in children: investigating a community and a clinical sample. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012; 21:31-8. [PMID: 22094720 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-011-0229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that many children with conduct problems (CP) also show internalising psychopathology (IP). However, it remains unclear whether the presence of IP serves as a protective or risk factor for the severity and development of CP. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and associations of comorbid IP in children with CP in a community and a clinical sample. Data from boys as well as girls with CP in the clinical range were obtained from a community sample (n = 1,160) and a clinical sample diagnosed with disruptive behaviour disorder (n = 193) from two European countries. In the community sample, information was obtained using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire, whereas in the clinical sample, the child behaviour checklist was used. Internalising disorders, according to ICD-10, were also assessed in the clinical sample. For both samples, age, gender, and impact of comorbid IP in the clinical range (above 90th percentile) for CP were explored. Results revealed that in both samples, participants with CP showed a high rate of comorbid IP (community sample: 35%; clinical sample: 78%). Participants with comorbid IP were more likely to experience social problems with peers. In the clinical sample, comorbid IP rated by the parents was more prevalent than internalising disorders according to ICD-10. Boys with CP and comorbid IP demonstrated a higher severity of externalising behaviour than boys without comorbid IP in the clinical sample. We concluded that in both samples, we found a high co-occurrence of CP and IP. Based on the idea that the co-occurrence of IP and CP in children and adolescents may potentially lead to increased antisocial behaviour, internalising psychopathology should be carefully investigated. Effective strategies and specific risk factors must be evaluated to treat comorbidity as early as possible in children with CP and IP.
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Hodgins S, De Brito SA, Chhabra P, Côté G. Anxiety disorders among offenders with antisocial personality disorders: a distinct subtype? CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2010; 55:784-91. [PMID: 21172099 DOI: 10.1177/070674371005501206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES about 50% of men with antisocial personality disorder (APD) present a comorbid anxiety disorder. Historically, it was thought that anxiety limited criminal activity and the development of APD, but recent evidence suggests that heightened responsiveness to threat may lead to persistent violent behaviour. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of APD comorbid with anxiety disorders among offenders and the association of these comorbid disorders with violent offending. METHOD a random sample of 495 male penitentiary inmates completed an interview using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. After excluding men with psychotic disorders, 279 with APD were retained. All authorized access to their criminal records. RESULTS two-thirds of the prisoners with APD presented a lifetime anxiety disorder. Among them, one-half had the onset of their anxiety disorder before they were aged 16 years. Among the offenders with APD, those with, compared with those without, anxiety disorders presented significantly more symptoms of APD, were more likely to have begun their criminal careers before they were aged 15 years, to have diagnoses of alcohol and (or) drug abuse and (or) dependence, and to have experienced suicidal ideas and attempts. While there were no differences in the mean number of convictions for violent offences between APD prisoners with and without anxiety disorders, more of those with anxiety disorders had been convicted of serious crimes involving interpersonal violence. CONCLUSIONS among men with APD, a substantial subgroup present life-long anxiety disorders. This pattern of comorbidity may reflect a distinct mechanism underlying violent behaviour and signalling the need for specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheilagh Hodgins
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, England.
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Associations between trait anxiety and psychopathological characteristics of children at high risk for severe antisocial development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 2:185-93. [PMID: 21432605 DOI: 10.1007/s12402-010-0048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It is thought that among children at a high risk for antisocial personality disorder, the level of individual anxiety might constitute an important marker with respect to symptomatology and prognosis. The aim of the present study was to examine whether associations between anxiety and subtypes of aggression (proactive and reactive) exist in boys with early-onset subtype of conduct disorder (CD) and co-morbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A detailed psychometric characterization of boys with ADHD and the early-onset subtype of CD (n = 33) compared to healthy controls (n = 33) was performed. The assessment included trait anxiety, internalizing and externalizing problems, symptoms of psychopathy and temperament traits, as well as subtypes of aggressive behavior. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and group comparisons were calculated. The clinical group was characterized by higher levels of externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Individual anxiety was positively associated with harm avoidance, symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and by trend with reactive aggression. In contrast, boys with reduced levels of anxiety exhibited more callous-unemotional traits. Our results indicate that children with the early-onset subtype of CD and ADHD constitute a psychopathological heterogeneous group. The associations between individual levels of trait anxiety, temperament traits, and subtypes of aggressive behavior in children with ADHD and severe antisocial behavior emphasize the impact of anxiety as a potential key factor that might also be crucial for improvement in therapeutic strategies and outcome measures. Anxiety should be considered carefully in children with ADHD and the early-onset subtype of CD in order to optimize current therapeutic interventions.
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Diamantopoulou S, Verhulst FC, van der Ende J. Testing developmental pathways to antisocial personality problems. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2010; 38:91-103. [PMID: 19688258 PMCID: PMC2809948 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-009-9348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the development of antisocial personality problems (APP) in young adulthood from disruptive behaviors and internalizing problems in childhood and adolescence. Parent ratings of 507 children's (aged 6-8 years) symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and anxiety, were linked to self-ratings of adolescents' (aged 14-16 years) symptoms of depression, substance use, conduct problems, and somatic problems, to predict self-ratings of APP in young adulthood (age 20-22 years). The findings suggested a hierarchical development of antisocial behavior problems. Despite being positively associated with conduct problems in adolescence, neither internalizing problems nor substance use added to the prediction of APP in young adulthood from conduct problems in adolescence. The developmental pathways to APP in young adulthood did not differ by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Diamantopoulou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hodgins S, de Brito S, Simonoff E, Vloet T, Viding E. Getting the phenotypes right: an essential ingredient for understanding aetiological mechanisms underlying persistent violence and developing effective treatments. Front Behav Neurosci 2009; 3:44. [PMID: 19949451 PMCID: PMC2782797 DOI: 10.3389/neuro.08.044.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to reduce societal levels of violence, it is essential to advance understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms involved in initiating and maintaining individual patterns of physical aggression. New technologies such as Magnetic Resonance Imagining and analyses of DNA provide tools for identifying these mechanisms. The reliability and validity of the results of studies using these tools depend not only on aspects of the technology, but also on the methodological rigour with which the studies are conducted, particularly with respect to characterizing the phenotype. The present article discusses five challenges confronting scientists who aim to advance understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms associated with persistent violence. These challenges are: (1) to develop evidence-based hypotheses and to design studies that test alternate hypotheses; (2) to recruit samples that are homogeneous with respect to variables that may be linked to neurobiological mechanisms underpinning violent behaviour; (3) to use reliable and valid measures in order to fully characterize participants so that the external validity of the results is evident; (4) to restrict the range of age of participants so as not to confuse developmental change with group differences; and (5) to take account of sex. Our goal is to contribute to elevating methodological standards in this new field of research and to thereby improve the validity of results and move closer to finding effective ways to reduce violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheilagh Hodgins
- Department of Forensic Mental Health Science, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London London, UK.
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Psychopathy and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: New Insights on Developmental Pathways to Offending. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-009-9144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Die Antisoziale Persönlichkeitsstörung des DSM-IV-TR - Befunde, Untergruppen und Unterschiede zu Psychopathy. FORENSISCHE PSYCHIATRIE PSYCHOLOGIE KRIMINOLOGIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11757-009-0124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zagar RJ, Busch KG, Isbell SA, Hughes JR. An Empirical Theory of the Development of Homicide within Individuals. Psychol Rep 2009; 104:199-245. [DOI: 10.2466/pr0.104.1.199-245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There have been many attempts to explain violent behavior, identify its causes, and predict its occurrence among youth and adults. Research and theoretical constructions have dealt with such far-ranging aspects as childhood health, peer and parental interactions, neuropsychological function, school and community support, and substance use and dependency. Theories have tended to focus on one or a few of these aspects, but there is an effort by many researchers to converge on an integrated approach. By demonstrating unique risk patterns in random samples of later-homicidal abused infants, children, and youth, violent and homicidal delinquents, and homicidal adults, five studies by Zagar and colleagues provide the best current empirical evidence for a view of the development of delinquency as a process of accumulating risks. These risks begin with prenatal substance exposure and continue with abusive or neglectful parenting, academic failure, court contacts, compromised executive function and resultant poor social functioning. Analysis by sex shows that males' and females' risks are virtually identical. Various theories are evaluated with respect to these empirical risk patterns for development of violence and homicide. A proposal for the necessary elements of a successful, overarching explanatory theory is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert John Zagar
- Consultant to Juvenile Division of the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois
| | - Kenneth G. Busch
- Former Consultant to U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
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Griel Iii LC, Loeb SJ. Health issues faced by adolescents incarcerated in the juvenile justice system. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING 2009; 5:162-179. [PMID: 19702743 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-3938.2009.01049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Incarcerated adolescents have a high level of health problems when compared to those not incarcerated. These higher rates are in part due to inadequate coping skills. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a literature review of articles that focus on the health issues of incarcerated adolescents. This review provides an overview of the issue, strategies that nurses working in juvenile facilities can employ to increase their impact on the health of adolescent offenders, and research needs for the future. Thirty articles published around the world between the years 1995 and 2007 are reviewed and described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lester C Griel Iii
- Family Nurse Practitioner, Family Health Associates, Lewistown, PA 17044, USA.
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Pajer K, Stein S, Tritt K, Chang CN, Wang W, Gardner W. Conduct disorder in girls: neighborhoods, family characteristics, and parenting behaviors. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2008; 2:28. [PMID: 18837974 PMCID: PMC2572160 DOI: 10.1186/1753-2000-2-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the social context of girls with conduct disorder (CD), a question of increasing importance to clinicians and researchers. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between three social context domains (neighborhood, family characteristics, and parenting behaviors) and CD in adolescent girls, additionally testing for race moderation effects. We predicted that disadvantaged neighborhoods, family characteristics such as parental marital status, and parenting behaviors such as negative discipline would characterize girls with CD. We also hypothesized that parenting behaviors would mediate the associations between neighborhood and family characteristics and CD. METHODS We recruited 93 15-17 year-old girls from the community and used a structured psychiatric interview to assign participants to a CD group (n = 52) or a demographically matched group with no psychiatric disorder (n = 41). Each girl and parent also filled out questionnaires about neighborhood, family characteristics, and parenting behaviors. RESULTS Neighborhood quality was not associated with CD in girls. Some family characteristics (parental antisociality) and parenting behaviors (levels of family activities and negative discipline) were characteristic of girls with CD, but notll. There was no moderation by race. Our hypothesis that the association between family characteristics and CD would be mediated by parenting behaviors was not supported. CONCLUSION This study expanded upon previous research by investigating multiple social context domains in girls with CD and by selecting a comparison group who were not different in age, social class, or race. When these factors are thus controlled, CD in adolescent girls is not significantly associated with neighborhood, but is associated with some family characteristics and some types of parental behaviors. However, the mechanisms underlying these relationships need to be further investigated. We discuss possible explanations for our findings and suggest directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Pajer
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Stefanie Stein
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Clinic, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karin Tritt
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Clinic, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Chien-Ni Chang
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Clinic, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wei Wang
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Clinic, Regensburg, Germany
| | - William Gardner
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Clinic, Regensburg, Germany
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Eisenbarth H, Alpers G, Conzelmann A, Jacob C, Weyers P, Pauli P. Psychopathic traits in adult ADHD patients. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2008.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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