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Huh MK, Fitzpatrick K, Harris C, Niño M. Social and psychological resources and COVID-19 related fear, threat and worry. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2023; 36:710-726. [PMID: 36441643 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2149743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study examines the relationship between social/psychological resources and COVID-related fear, threat, and worry. METHODS This work is based on data collected in March 23, 2020 from a national sample of 10,368 adults (ages 18 or older) living in the United States. The final sample of 10,368 was post-stratification weighted across gender, age, race, income, and geography (state) to ensure representativeness of the overall population of the United States. RESULTS Findings suggest some social and psychological resources are related to COVID-specific distress (fear/threat/worry), but depending on the resource, relationships vary in both direction and significance. On the one hand, strength of social ties and mastery of fate play a protective role in perceived distress (fear/threat/worry) related to COVID. On the other hand, community connectedness is significantly related to higher levels of COVID-specific fear, threat, and worry. CONCLUSIONS The analyses provide some evidence of the nature of the relationships between social and psychological resources and perceived COVID-19 distress that vary by race and ethnicity. These and other relationships are explored and discussed in the context of improving ones well-being with mediating social and psychological resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha Kim Huh
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Kevin Fitzpatrick
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Casey Harris
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Michael Niño
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Robinson WL, Whipple CR, Jason LA, Cafaro C, Lemke S, Keenan K. Social Support Coping for African American Adolescents: Effect of a Culturally Grounded Randomized Controlled Trial Intervention. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2023; 24:715-727. [PMID: 36595131 PMCID: PMC10229440 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the Adapted-Coping with Stress (A-CWS) intervention on social support coping was examined, using a randomized controlled trial design. The participants were 410 ninth-grade students (ages 14 to 16 years and mostly African American) living in low-resourced neighborhoods. Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to either the A-CWS intervention or a standard care control condition. All participants were assessed at their schools before implementation of the intervention, at intervention completion, and again at 6- and 12-month post-intervention. Engagement in social support coping was examined in both intention-to-treat and treatment-as-received samples (i.e., intervention participants who attended at least 12 A-CWS treatment sessions and participants in the standard care control condition), using latent growth models. In intention-to-treat analyses, no significant treatment effects were identified. In treatment-as-received analyses, results revealed a significant association between social support coping and treatment condition; levels of social support coping decreased over time in the control condition, but they remained relatively stable in the treatment condition. The results indicate adequate intervention adherence and efficacy of the A-CWS to sustain social support coping within a sample of youth at high risk for stress exposure and associated disorders.Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT0395445.
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Affiliation(s)
- W LaVome Robinson
- Department of Psychology, Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA.
| | | | - Leonard A Jason
- Department of Psychology, Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA
| | - Cori Cafaro
- Department of Psychology, Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA
| | - Sally Lemke
- Office of Community Health Equity and Engagement, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Kate Keenan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
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3
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Wiese JL, Watson TM, Owusu-Bempah A, Hyshka E, Wells S, Robinson M, Elton-Marshall T, Rueda S. Overpoliced and Underrepresented: Perspectives on Cannabis Legalization From Members of Racialized Communities in Canada. CONTEMPORARY DRUG PROBLEMS 2023; 50:25-45. [PMID: 36733492 PMCID: PMC9885015 DOI: 10.1177/00914509221142156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Historically, overpolicing of some racialized and Indigenous groups in Canada has resulted in unequal application of drug laws contributing to disproportionate rates of charges and convictions in these populations. Criminal records severely and negatively impact an individual's life and can perpetuate cycles of poverty and socioeconomic disadvantage. On October 17, 2018, Canada legalized cannabis production, distribution, sale, and possession for non-medical purposes. Advocates of criminal justice reform have raised concerns that Indigenous and racialized people may not equitably benefit from legalization due to unequal police surveillance and drug enforcement. These groups are among priority populations for research on cannabis and mental health, but their views on cannabis regulation have been largely absent from research and policy-making. To address this gap, we asked self-identified members of these communities about their lived experiences and perspectives on cannabis legalization in Canada. Between September 2018 and July 2019, we conducted semistructured interviews and focus groups with 37 individuals in Québec, Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia. During this phase of early cannabis legalization, participants responded to questions about anticipated public health risks and benefits of legalization, how their jurisdiction is responding to legalization, and what community resources would be needed to address legalization impacts. We conducted a thematic analysis and identified five major themes in the data related to race and early cannabis legalization: overpolicing of racialized communities, severity of penalties in new cannabis legislation, increased police powers, and underrepresentation of racialized groups in the legal cannabis market and in cannabis research. Participants discussed opportunities to support cannabis justice, including establishing priority licenses, issuing pardons or expunging criminal records, and reinvesting cannabis revenue into impacted communities. This work begins to address the paucity of Indigenous and racialized voices in cannabis research and identifies potential solutions to injustices of cannabis prohibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Wiese
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction
and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for
Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tara Marie Watson
- Provincial System Support Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental
Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Akwasi Owusu-Bempah
- Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Mississauga,
Ontario, Canada
| | - Elaine Hyshka
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta,
Canada
| | - Samantha Wells
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction
and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for
Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario,
Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario,
Canada
| | - Margaret Robinson
- Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Dalhousie
University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tara Elton-Marshall
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction
and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for
Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario,
Canada,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa,
Ontario, Canada
| | - Sergio Rueda
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction
and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for
Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario,
Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario,
Canada,Sergio Rueda, Institute for Mental Health
Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1, Canada.
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Prieto-Gutiérrez J, Colmenero-Ruiz MJ. Microaggressions in Academic Spaces: What About the Library? JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIANSHIP 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acalib.2022.102633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhan J, Zhao Y. How would you respond to stereotype pressure? The effects of perceived occupational stigma on social workers’ proactive behavior in China. CROSS CULTURAL & STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/ccsm-03-2022-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore a balanced understanding of the relationship between perceived occupational stigma and social workers’ proactive behaviors in China. Drawing on cognitive appraisal theory, this study explored the mediating role of threat and challenge appraisals, as well as the moderating role of trait resilience.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using a time-lagged research design. The hypotheses were examined using a sample of 338 social workers in China.FindingsPerceived occupational stigma is appraised as both a challenge and a threat simultaneously. Challenge appraisal positively mediated perceived occupational stigma and proactive behavior, whereas threat appraisal negatively mediated this relationship. Trait resilience moderated the effect of threat appraisal, suggesting that perceived occupational stigma was appraised as a threat when trait resilience was lower (rather than higher), which then reduced social workers’ proactive behaviors.Originality/valueThis study enriches the literature on perceived occupational stigma by identifying the relationship and mechanism of perceived occupational stigma-proactive behaviors and a boundary condition from the theoretical perspective of cognitive appraisals. It demonstrates both the positive and negative aspects of perceived occupational stigma as appraised by social workers in relation to an important workplace outcome of proactive behaviors. In addition, it offers a fresh approach by exploring perceived occupational stigma from the perspective of social workers.
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Alat P, Das SS, Arora A, Jha AK. Mental health during COVID-19 lockdown in India: Role of psychological capital and internal locus of control. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 42:1923-1935. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Fa-Kaji NM, Silver ER, Hebl MR, King DD, King EB, Corrington A, Bilotta I. Worrying About Finances During COVID-19: Resiliency Enhances the Effect of Worrying on Both Proactive Behavior and Stress. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 7:111-142. [PMID: 36531668 PMCID: PMC9734500 DOI: 10.1007/s41542-022-00130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting economic instability, many people are contending with financial insecurity. Guided by Conservation of Resources Theory (Hobfoll, American Psychologist 44:513-524, 1989; Hobfoll et al., Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior 5:103-128, 2018), the current research explores the consequences of experiencing financial insecurity during a pandemic, with a focus on individuals who report relatively higher rates of financial insecurity, performance challenges, and stress during such experiences: working parents (American Psychological Association, 2022). This research also examines the role that personal resources, in the form of trait resiliency, play in the relationships between financial insecurity and behavioral and psychological outcomes including worrying, proactive behaviors, and stress. In a study of 636 working parents and their children, we find that financial insecurity heightens worrying, underscoring the threatening nature of the loss or anticipated loss of material resources. Worrying, in turn, promotes proactive behaviors at work-an effect that is more pronounced among high-resiliency individuals. However, worrying is also associated with elevated stress among high-resiliency individuals, providing support for a trait activation perspective (rather than buffering hypotheses) on ongoing, uncontrollable adversities. Taken together, our results help to (1) illuminate the impact of financial insecurity on work and well-being, (2) reveal a mechanism (i.e., worrying) that helps explain the links between financial insecurity and work and personal outcomes, and (3) expand our knowledge of the implications trait resiliency has for both psychological and behavioral reactions to ongoing crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi M. Fa-Kaji
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - Elisabeth R. Silver
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - Mikki R. Hebl
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - Danielle D. King
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - Eden B. King
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005 USA
| | - Abby Corrington
- Department of Management, Providence College School of Business, Providence, RI USA
| | - Isabel Bilotta
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005 USA
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8
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Cénat JM, Kouamou LN, Moshirian Farahi SMM, Darius WP, Dalexis RD, Charles M, Kogan CS. Perceived racial discrimination, psychosomatic symptoms, and resilience among Black individuals in Canada: A moderated mediation model. J Psychosom Res 2022; 163:111053. [PMID: 36244137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although no study has explored psychosomatic symptoms in Black communities in Canada, several studies in the United States showed that psychological distress is often express as physical pain among African Americans. Using a cross-sectional design, the present study documents the frequency of psychosomatic symptoms and its association to racial discrimination, and resilience among Black individuals aged 15 to 40 in Canada. METHOD A total of 860 participants (Mage = 25.0 years, SD = 6.3), predominantly born in Canada (79.1%) and women (75.6%), completed the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (somatization subscale), the Everyday Discrimination Scale, and the Resilience Scale-14. RESULTS Findings revealed that 81.7% of participants experienced psychosomatic symptoms, with higher prevalence among women (84.2%) compared to men (70.7%;), ꭓ2 = 21.5, p < .001; participants aged 25 to 40 years old (93.7%) compared to those aged 15-24 years old (75.2%) (ꭓ2 = 45.0, p < .001). Participants reporting greater racial discrimination had more psychosomatic symptoms (89.4%) compared to others (72.9%), ꭓ2 = 39.2, p < .001). A moderated mediation model showed that everyday racial discrimination was positively associated with psychosomatic symptoms (B = 0.1, SE = 0.01, p < .001). The model showed that the association between racial discrimination and psychosomatic symptoms was partially mediated by resilience (B = -0.01, SE = 0.0, p < .01), and negatively moderated by gender (B = -0.04, SE = 0.01, p < .01). In other words, being a woman is associated with higher levels of psychosomatic symptoms among those who have experienced racial discrimination. CONCLUSION By highlighting the association between racial discrimination and psychosomatic symptoms and the role of resilience and gender in this relation, this article reveals important factors to integrate to improve healthcare services, prevention, and interventions among Black individuals with psychosomatic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa Research Chair on Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | | - Rose Darly Dalexis
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michée Charles
- Department of Sociology, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France
| | - Cary S Kogan
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Volpert-Esmond HI, Landor AM, Bartholow BD. Immediate and delayed effects of everyday racial discrimination on mental health among Black college students: A mixed-methods approach. GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/13684302221131029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Experiences of racial discrimination significantly contribute to both mental and physical health outcomes. In this mixed-methods study, we examine both the immediate and delayed effect of discrimination experienced in daily life. Black students at a predominantly White university reported instances of racial discrimination, affect, anxiety, and depression several times per day over 4 weeks ( N = 114); this was followed by qualitative focus groups ( N = 25). Reporting an instance of discrimination corresponded with an acute decline in psychological wellbeing (higher negative affect, anxiety, and depression), consistent with previous work. However, this effect did not carry forward to later assessments during the same day or the following day as expected. Instead, positive affect temporarily increased in the hours following experiences of discrimination. Qualitative focus groups revealed social support, emotional reflection and processing, and feelings of taking action as important factors contributing to this bump in positive affect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoinette M. Landor
- Department of Human Development and Family sciences, University of Missouri, USA
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Bakhshaie J, Penn TM, Doorley J, Pham TV, Greenberg J, Bannon S, Saadi A, Vranceanu AM. Psychosocial Predictors of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Outcomes and their Contextual Determinants Among Black Individuals: A Narrative Review. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2022; 23:1697-1711. [PMID: 35644442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Black communities are disproportionally affected by Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain (CMP), but little is known about the psychological predictors of CMP outcomes and their contextual determinants among Black individuals. To address this gap, we conducted a narrative review of extant literature to (1) report the major conceptual models mentioned in prior work explaining the link between contextual determinants and psychological responses to pain among Black individuals with CMP; and (2) describe psychological factors related to CMP outcomes in this population that are highlighted in the literature. We searched 4 databases (APA PsycNet, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar) using the following search terms: musculoskeletal pain, chronic pain, mental health, psychological, coping, health disparities, contextual factors, conceptual models, psychosocial, Black, African American, pain, disability, and outcomes. We illustrate 3 relevant conceptual models - socioecological, cumulative stress, and biopsychosocial - related to contextual determinants and several psychological factors that influence CMP outcomes among Black individuals: (1) disproportionate burden of mental health and psychiatric diagnoses, (2) distinct coping strategies, (3) pain-related perceived injustice and perceived racial/ethnic discrimination, and (4) preferences and expectations related to seeking and receiving pain care. The detailed clinical and research implications could serve as a blueprint for the providers and clinical researchers to address health disparities and improve care for Black individuals with CMP. PERSPECTIVE: This narrative review illustrates conceptual models explaining the link between contextual determinants and psychological responses to pain among Black individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain. We discuss 3 relevant conceptual models - socioecological, cumulative stress, biopsychosocial -, and 4 psychological factors: disproportionate burden of mental health, distinct coping strategies, perceived injustice/discrimination, preferences/expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Bakhshaie
- Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Terence M Penn
- Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James Doorley
- Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tony V Pham
- Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, Louisiana; Duke University Global Health Master's Program, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan Greenberg
- Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah Bannon
- Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Altaf Saadi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ana-Maria Vranceanu
- Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Fani N, White D, Marshall-Lee E, Hampton-Anderson J. Antiracist Practice in Psychiatry: Principles and Recommendations. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2022; 20:270-276. [PMID: 37205017 PMCID: PMC10172519 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20220045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified mental health disparities among people of color, particularly for Black, Latinx, and American Indian populations. In addition to experiencing overt hostility and systemic injustice, people from marginalized racial-ethnic groups experience prejudice and bias from clinicians that has disrupted rapport and trust in mental health systems; these experiences, in turn, have deepened these health disparities. In this article, the authors describe factors that have served to perpetuate mental health disparities and outline key components of antiracist practice in psychiatry (and in mental health practice, more generally). With lessons learned in recent years, this article presents practical ways to incorporate antiracist practices into clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
| | - DeJuan White
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
| | - Erica Marshall-Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
| | - Joya Hampton-Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
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Hamler TC, Nguyen AW, Mouzon DM, Taylor HO, Qin W, Cobb RJ. COVID-19 and Psychological Distress: Racial Differences Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2022; 62:780-791. [PMID: 35349690 PMCID: PMC9154222 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES COVID-19 has disproportionately impacted older adults and Black individuals. Research has focused on physical outcomes, with less attention to the psychological effects of COVID-19. The objective of this study was to examine the interplay between perceptions of the COVID-19 outbreak as a threat to one's day-to-day life, race, and psychological distress among middle-aged and older men and women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Analyses were conducted on a subsample of self-identified non-Latino Whites and Black individuals aged 50 and older (N = 3,834) from the American Trends Panel. Psychological distress was assessed with 5 items adapted from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. Perceived COVID-19 day-to-day threat was assessed with a single question. Negative binomial regressions tested the study aim. RESULTS Perceptions of COVID-19 day-to-day threat were positively associated with psychological distress. Black individuals reported lower distress than Whites. Regardless of gender, greater perceptions of COVID-19 day-to-day threats were associated with greater distress among both White respondents and Black respondents. However, this association was weaker among Black respondents than White respondents. Among men only, the association between COVID-19 day-to-day threat and distress varied by race, patterned similarly to the race differences identified in the total sample. This association did not vary by race among women. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study contributes to the emerging literature focused on older adults and COVID-19 related stressors and psychological distress. An intersectional lens shows how structural oppression may shape perceptions of the pandemic. Future work should consider coexisting intersections in marginalized identities and mental health during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone C Hamler
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Ann W Nguyen
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Dawne M Mouzon
- Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Harry O Taylor
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Weidi Qin
- Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ryon J Cobb
- Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Tuthill ZO. An Assessment of Racial and Ethnic and Sexual Identity Centrality and Smoking Behavior. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2022:1-24. [PMID: 35616394 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2071137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although evidence indicates that identity centrality, or identity importance, can serve as a positive coping mechanism regarding well-being, less is known if it can also buffer against health risk behaviors like cigarette smoking. This study uses an intercategorical intersectional approach using data from 1,571 Black and Latino/a sexual and gender minority adults in the Social Justice Sexuality Project to assess the relationship between sexual and racial and ethnic identity centrality and smoking patterns. Relative risk ratios from multinomial logistic regressions highlight three findings. First, there is no evidence of a significant association between identity centrality and smoking behavior nor evidence of a significant interaction effect between racial and ethnic and sexual identity centrality. Once models were adjusted for education, the association between centrality and smoking was no longer significant. Second, results indicate that education, gender identity, familial support and outness were significant predictors of smoking behaviors. Third, results suggest that there are significant differences across the intersection of race and ethnicity and sexual identity in relative risk of smoking. In addition, findings highlight elevated risk of engaging in more casual behaviors of smoking as opposed to heightened smoking behavior among both Black and Latino/a sexual minority adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelma Oyarvide Tuthill
- Department of Sociology and Women's Gender and Sexuality Studies, The University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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14
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Emotional State, Psychological Resilience, and Travel Intention to National Forest Park during COVID-19. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13050750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the tourism industry worldwide. This study examines the relationships among potential tourists’ emotional states, psychological resilience, and their travel intention to a national forest park in the context of COVID-19. It also investigates the moderating effect of gender. Kanas National Forest Park on the northwestern border of China was chosen as the research case. The survey questionnaires were administered both online and offline to collect data. A total of 492 valid questionnaires were collected (263 from online and 229 from offline) and analyzed in this study. Results demonstrate that visitors’ positive emotions have significant positive effects on their psychological resilience and travel intention. Yet, visitors’ negative emotions have significant negative effects on psychological resilience and travel intention. Moreover, psychological resilience partially mediates the relationship between emotional state and travel intention, indicating that visitors’ positive emotion and negative emotion can not only directly affect travel intention, but also indirectly affect travel intention through psychological resilience. The results of moderating effect analysis indicate that men and women are found to have differences in the experience of emotion, and women are more advised to foster positive emotions and psychological resilience. Visitors are advised to advocate more mutual encouragement, and tourism practitioners are recommended to provide tailored services to reduce travel anxiety. Findings provide implications on emotional regulation for tourists and crisis management strategies for nature-based tourism destinations.
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Erickson JM, Slayton AM, Petersen JG, Hyams HM, Howard LJ, Sharp S, Sagarin BJ. Challenge at the Intersection of Race and Kink: Racial Discrimination, Fetishization, and Inclusivity Within the BDSM (Bondage-Discipline, Dominance-Submission, and Sadism-Masochism) Community. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:1063-1074. [PMID: 34553312 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The bondage-discipline, dominance-submission, and sadism-masochism (BDSM) community has achieved diversity with respect to gender identity and sexual orientation yet does so to a lesser extent with respect to race and ethnicity. A total of 398 BDSM practitioners recruited in 2018 and 2019 from BDSM conferences located within the Southern, Midwestern, and Western regions of the U.S., as well as online, completed surveys asking about racial and ethnic discrimination, fetishization, and inclusivity. People of color were 16 times more likely than non-people of color to feel discriminated against at BDSM events and 17 times more likely to feel fetishized. Qualitative results included troubling stories of overt racism and offensive racial slurs, and examples of microaggressions, feelings of isolation, and feelings of being dismissed. The results suggest that organizations can increase inclusivity by understanding the unique costs faced by people of color with an awareness that these costs might be invisible to non-people of color, diversifying positions of authority and leadership, and teaching well-meaning members what types of behaviors could create a hostile environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Erickson
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA.
| | - Anna M Slayton
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | - Joseph G Petersen
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | - Hannah M Hyams
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | - Lori J Howard
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | - Shane Sharp
- Department of Sociology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Brad J Sagarin
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
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The Role of Threat Appraisal and Coping Style in Psychological Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic Among University Students. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022; 8:100325. [PMID: 35169766 PMCID: PMC8830180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to psychological distress among community samples and university students. Some coping behaviors and cognitive appraisals allow individuals to experience positive psychological growth amid such a crisis (Folkman et al. 1986). In the event of continuing waves of COVID-19 infection and future viral outbreaks, understanding the relationships between coping behaviors, stress appraisals, and COVID-related distress and growth can empower public health officials and university leadership to mitigate negative consequences and encourage growth. Methods 774 undergraduate students completed online self-report measures of coping (Brief COPE; emotion, problem, avoidant), stress appraisal (SAM; threat/centrality, challenge/self-efficacy, uncontrol, other-control), neuroticism (NEO—N), health anxiety (SHAI), and COVID-19 exposure/impact (C-PIQ; distress and growth). Hypotheses were examined via simple regressions and interactions. Results Increased utilization of avoidant coping was associated with high levels of distress regardless of whether it was perceived as threatening or not. Emotion-focused and problem-focused coping strategies were associated with more growth, whereas avoidant coping was associated with less growth. Higher emotion-focused coping and challenge appraisal together predicted the most growth. Limitations Cross-sectional design precludes the tracking of distress and growth over time; this study relied on self-report data. Conclusions These results underscore the impact of stress appraisals on the mental health of students navigating the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings may inform public health messaging–or have clinical implications, as successful interventions exist for improving coping strategies and stress appraisals.
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Arshad M, Chung JM. Practical recommendations for considering culture, race, and ethnicity in personality psychology. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Memoona Arshad
- Department of Psychology York University Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Joanne M. Chung
- Department of Psychology University of Toronto Mississauga Ontario Canada
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18
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Jorba Galdos L, Warren M. The body as cultural home: exploring, embodying, and navigating the complexities of multiple identities. BODY MOVEMENT AND DANCE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17432979.2021.1996460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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del Río-González AM, Mbaba M, Johnson C, Teti M, Massie JS, Bowleg L. Strengths despite stress: Social-structural stressors and psychosocial buffers of depressive symptoms among U.S. Black men. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2021; 92:133-143. [PMID: 34928641 PMCID: PMC9946130 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We examined the association between social-structural stressors-racial discrimination, incarceration, and unemployment-and depressive symptoms among 578 predominantly low-income urban Black men, ages 18-45. We also examined the extent to which two protective factors-social support and problem-solving coping-moderated the relationship between social-structural stressors and depressive symptoms. Results showed that more everyday racial discrimination and incarceration, but not unemployment, significantly predicted more depressive symptoms. The links between discrimination, incarceration, and depressive symptoms were stronger for men who reported lower levels of problem-solving coping and social support than those with higher levels. Our study suggests that interventions emphasizing protective factors may help Black men cope with some of the deleterious effects of racial discrimination and incarceration. It also underscores a need for structural interventions that reduce racial discrimination and incarceration. Depression among Black men is not simply a biomedical or psychological condition, but also a critical health equity issue. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Mbaba
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University
| | | | | | - Jenné S. Massie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University
| | - Lisa Bowleg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University
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20
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Ahmad SR, Ahmad TR, Balasubramanian V, Facente S, Kin C, Girod S. Are You Really the Doctor? Physician Experiences with Gendered Microaggressions from Patients. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2021; 31:521-532. [PMID: 34747651 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In contrast to physician implicit bias toward patients, bias and microaggressions from patients toward physicians have received comparatively less attention. Materials and Methods: We captured physician experiences of gendered microaggressions from patients by conducting a mixed-methods survey-based study of physicians at a single academic health care institution in May 2019. A quantitative portion assessed the frequency of gendered microaggressions (microaggression experiences [ME] score) and the association with measures of perceived impacts (job satisfaction, burnout, perceived career impacts, behavioral modifications). A one-tailed Wilcoxon rank sum test compared distributional frequencies of microaggressions by gender, and by gender and race. Chi-square tests measured the associations between gendered microaggressions and perceived impacts. Welch two-sample t-tests assessed differences in ME scores by rank and specialty. Linear regression assessed the association of ME scores and job satisfaction/burnout. A qualitative portion solicited anecdotal experiences, analyzed by inductive thematic analysis. Results: There were 297 completed surveys (response rate 27%). Female physicians experienced a significantly higher frequency of gendered microaggressions (p < 0.001) compared with male physicians. Microaggressions were significantly associated with job satisfaction (chi-square 6.83, p = 0.009), burnout (chi-square 8.76, p = 0.003), perceived career impacts (chi-square 18.67, p < 0.001), and behavioral modifications (chi-square 19.96, p < 0.001). Trainees experienced more microaggressions (p = 0.009) and burnout (p = 0.009) than faculty. Higher ME scores predicted statistically significant increases in burnout (p < 0.0001) and reduced job satisfaction (p = 0.02). Twelve microaggressions themes emerged from the qualitative responses, including role questioning and assumption of inexperience. The frequency of microaggressions did not vary significantly by race; however, qualitative responses described race as a factor. Conclusions: Physicians experience gendered microaggressions from patients, which may influence job satisfaction, burnout, career perceptions, and behavior. Future research may explore the multidirectionality of microaggressions and tools for responding at the individual and institutional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Ahmad
- Division of Headache Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tessnim R Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vidhya Balasubramanian
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Biomedical Informatics Research Division in the Department of Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Cindy Kin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sabine Girod
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Hu W, Yang J. Reward anticipation buffers neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses to acute psychosocial stress in healthy young adults. Stress 2021; 24:805-813. [PMID: 33970772 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.1923690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Research over the last 10 years suggests that the brain's reward system plays a crucial role in stress resilience. Notably, reward processing includes both an anticipatory (cue-triggered "wanting") phase and a consummatory ("liking") phase. However, previous studies manipulated rewards via direct reward administration, which makes it difficult to isolate the buffering effect of anticipating the reward stimulus. In the current study, we designed a paradigm to manipulate participants into generating reward anticipation or not and investigated whether reward anticipation can buffer psychological, neuroendocrine, and cardiovascular responses to psychosocial stress. A sample of 78 healthy young adults underwent the Trier Social Stress Test or placebo-Trier Social Stress Test after a reward anticipation task. Results showed that reward anticipation relieved subjective stress feelings, as well as the overall cortisol secretion and the increased heart rate induced by psychosocial stress. Taken together, these findings expanded our understanding of the role the reward system plays in stress resilience, and the possible psychological mechanism of the buffering effect for future stress study was also discussed.HIGHLIGHTSReward processing includes both an anticipatory and consummatory phasesThe buffering effect of anticipating the reward stimulus requires elucidationWe examined if said anticipation buffers varied responses to psychosocial stressReward anticipation relieved subjective stress, cortisol secretion, and heart rateWe clarified the role of the reward system in stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Hu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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22
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Kiles TM, Cernasev A, Tran B, Chisholm-Burns M. Effects of Racial Trauma on Black Doctor of Pharmacy Students. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2021; 85:8558. [PMID: 34301549 PMCID: PMC8655149 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective. In the wake of several high-profile police killings, in 2020 the United States began another reckoning with structural racism, injustice, and violence against Black Americans. The objectives of this study were to explore the impact of racialized sociopolitical events on Black Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students.Methods. Focus groups were conducted with second- to fourth-year Black PharmD students enrolled at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy. The focus groups were conducted in summer 2020, beginning two months after the murder of George Floyd and concluding before the start of the fall semester. Data analysis was conducted using a phenomenological approach, and themes were identified using inductive coding.Results. Twenty-four participants were recruited into five focus group sessions. Thematic analysis of the transcripts resulted in three distinct themes related to the study objectives: Vicarious Trauma, Hypervigilance, and Fight or Flight Responses. Black students reported that they experienced significant psychological distress as a result of prominent racially traumatic events. Some Black students reported withdrawing from non-Black persons due to hypersensitivity and anxiety while others were willing to engage in candid conversations.Conclusion. Racial trauma has implications for student wellness and academic success. As racism and police brutality have proven to be an ever-present problem, this study offers key information for consideration as institutions recruit, support, and retain diverse learners. The data may also inform educators and pharmacy students regarding interactions with Black patients, coworkers, and health professionals during times of sociopolitical unrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Marie Kiles
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Pharmacy, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Alina Cernasev
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Pharmacy, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Britney Tran
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Pharmacy, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Marie Chisholm-Burns
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Pharmacy, Memphis, Tennessee
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Pharmacy, Knoxville, Tennessee
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Flynn MH, Brellenthin AG, Meyer JD, Cutrona CE, Lee DC. The effect of physical activity on the association between perceived racial discrimination and depression in African Americans. J Affect Disord 2021; 292:471-474. [PMID: 34146898 PMCID: PMC8282760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the effect of physical activity (PA) on the relationship between perceived racial discrimination and major depressive disorder (MDD) in African Americans. METHODS 645 African Americans (mean age 45 years) were interviewed on their perceived racial discrimination, PA, and past 12-month MDD. Participants were categorized into tertiles (lower, middle, upper) of racial discrimination as well as "active" or "inactive" groups based on the US PA guidelines. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for MDD prevalence across discrimination tertiles stratified by PA group after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS The upper (higher) discrimination group had 2.99 (95% CIs 1.03-8.67) increased odds of MDD compared with the lower group after adjusting for potential confounders. The stratified analysis indicated that the increased odds of MDD in the upper discrimination group were observed only among the inactive group (5.19 [1.08-24.87]) after adjusting for age and sex. The association between discrimination and MDD was not significant among active participants. LIMITATIONS Limitations include generalizability since participants were predominantly women and recruited solely from Iowa or Georgia; the low number of MDD cases in some groups; and that causation cannot be inferred from this cross-sectional study. CONCLUSION Not meeting the PA guidelines may be associated with higher depression among African Americans experiencing higher levels of perceived racial discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus H. Flynn
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Jacob D. Meyer
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Duck-chul Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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24
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Gingles D. Igniting Collective Freedom: An Integrative Behavioral Model of Acceptance and Commitment Toward Black Liberation. Behav Anal Pract 2021; 15:1050-1065. [PMID: 36605157 PMCID: PMC9744996 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-021-00584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Racism continues to reveal disastrous effects on the Black community. There exists no behavior-analytic literature with a specific focus on ending Black psychological suffering due to continual acts of violence perpetrated against the community. I present a behavioral model to promote Black psychological liberation, infusing preestablished frameworks of Black psychology and cultural healing practices with acceptance and commitment therapy. The model addresses behaviors observed within systemic and internalized racism.
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25
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First JM, Ellis K, Held ML, Glass F. Identifying Risk and Resilience Factors Impacting Mental Health among Black and Latinx Adults following Nocturnal Tornadoes in the U.S. Southeast. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168609. [PMID: 34444358 PMCID: PMC8394662 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has found that Black and Latinx communities in the U.S. face significant disparities that impact both preparedness for severe weather events and the support received after a disaster has occurred. In the current study, we examined key risk and protective factors that impacted mental health among 221 Black and Latinx adult respondents exposed to the 2–3 March 2020 nocturnal tornado outbreak in the U.S. state of Tennessee. Key factors that adversely affected mental health among participants were encountering barriers for receiving tornado warning alerts and tornado-related exposure. Key factors that served a protective mechanism against adverse mental health included having access to physical resources, supportive relationships, and adaptive coping skills. These findings may assist National Weather Service (NWS) personnel, emergency managers, and mental health providers with the development of policies and practices to address barriers and promote protective strategies for future nocturnal tornado events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. First
- College of Social Work, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (M.L.H.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kelsey Ellis
- Department of Geography, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Mary Lehman Held
- College of Social Work, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (M.L.H.); (F.G.)
| | - Florence Glass
- College of Social Work, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (M.L.H.); (F.G.)
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26
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Prosper T, Gushue GV, Lee TR. Promoting African American Activism: Experiences of Racism-Related Stress and Spirituality. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/00957984211034949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates how spirituality, psychological orientation to religion, and racism-related stress are associated with African American activism. Measures of Race-Related Stress, Quest Religious Orientation, Fundamentalism Religious Orientation, and Intrinsic Spirituality were used as exogenous variables. African American Activism was the endogenous variable. Results based on a sample of 148 self-identified African American adults revealed that quest religious orientation, intrinsic spirituality, and racism-related stress were positively associated with activism-related behaviors, while fundamentalist religious orientation was negatively but not significantly associated with activism-related behaviors. Paths of a multiple regression model were analyzed using Mplus version 8. Findings shed light on the interplay of spiritual coping resources and the personal impact of racism in mobilizing an activist response to oppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha Prosper
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - George V. Gushue
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tina R. Lee
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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27
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Mueller D, Bacalso E, Ortega-Williams A, Pate DJ, Topitzes J. A mutual process of healing self and healing the community: A qualitative study of coping with and healing from stress, adversity, and trauma among diverse residents of a midwestern city. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:1169-1194. [PMID: 33634881 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Residents of urban American neighborhoods facing economic hardship often experience individual and collective adversities at high levels. This study explores how racially diverse adults experience stress, adversity, and trauma, and how they cope and heal in the context of their environment. Following a critical realist grounded theory methodology, four focus groups were conducted with African American, White and Latinx participants (N = 21) within an employment service program. Participants identified key stressors ranging from financial and job challenges, violence, and trauma. To cope with and heal from adversity, they practiced positivity, named trauma and its effects, sought social connection, envisioned community-based resources, and addressed structural and systemic barriers. The data generated a theory of "a mutual process of healing self and healing the community" through intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural change. The results of this study indicate a need for peer-led, community-engaged initiatives and holistic, trauma-informed, healing-centered practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Mueller
- Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Edwin Bacalso
- Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Silberman School of Social Work, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anna Ortega-Williams
- Silberman School of Social Work, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - David J Pate
- Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - James Topitzes
- Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Cromley J, Kunze A. Motivational Resilience during COVID-19 across At-Risk Undergraduates. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOLOGY EDUCATION 2021; 22:jmbe-22-46. [PMID: 33884080 PMCID: PMC8046648 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.v22i1.2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Media reports suggest the switch to online courses due to COVID-19 has "demotivated" undergraduates. Our semester-long study of motivation for biology was in progress when COVID-19 was declared a pandemic. We analyze changes in student (N = 182) motivation from before and after. Across variables, subgroups of students changed in adaptive and maladaptive ways; some remained stable. In cross-tabulations, one significant difference was found by sex, and a number of adaptive and maladaptive differences by race and socioeconomic status (SES). Despite obvious burdens on low-SES groups, undergraduate motivation was affected positively and negatively in this sample; only some variables were related to intention to remain in STEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cromley
- Corresponding author: Mailing address: 1310 S. Sixth St. MC-708, Champaign, IL 61820. Phone: 217-244-7620. E-mail:
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Alat P, Das SS, Arora A, Jha AK. Mental health during COVID-19 lockdown in India: Role of psychological capital and internal locus of control. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:1923-1935. [PMID: 33746461 PMCID: PMC7954522 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Government of India implemented a nationwide lockdown from March 24, 2020 in response to the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. This study examines the effects of two positive psychological resources on the mental health of Indian citizens during the early days of the lockdown. The effects of psychological capital (PsyCap) and internal locus of control on psychological distress of people via affect balance were tested. Data were collected through an online survey from 667 participants. Psychological distress was assessed using the GHQ-12, and affect balance was assessed as the preponderance of positive over negative affect. Results reveal that psychological capital and internal locus of control were negatively associated with psychological distress. In addition, affect balance mediated the relationship between psychological capital and psychological distress and the relationship between internal locus of control and psychological distress. Thus, both the psychological resources through affect balance acted as buffers protecting people from mental health deterioration during COVID-19 lockdown. However, the direct and indirect effects of psychological capital on psychological distress is stronger than that of internal locus of control. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Alat
- Rajagiri Business School, Rajagiri Valley, Kakkanad, Kochi, Kerala 682039 India
| | - Sitanshu Sekhar Das
- Rajagiri Business School, Rajagiri Valley, Kakkanad, Kochi, Kerala 682039 India
| | - Alisha Arora
- grid.417719.d0000 0004 1767 5549Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, India
| | - Amrit Kumar Jha
- grid.429017.90000 0001 0153 2859Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
- grid.444398.60000 0001 0685 0602C. M. College, Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, India
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Gao D, Liu J, Bullock A, Li D, Chen X. Transactional models linking maternal authoritative parenting, child self-esteem, and approach coping strategies. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Litam SDA, Hipolito‐Delgado CP. When Being “Essential” Illuminates Disparities: Counseling Clients Affected by COVID‐19. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Brooks JR, Hong JH, Cheref S, Walker RL. Capability for suicide: Discrimination as a painful and provocative event. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:1173-1180. [PMID: 33196132 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Developing the capability to die by suicide, and overcoming one's natural instinct of self-preservation, is thought to occur as a result of habituation to the fear and pain surrounding suicide. However, investigations of suicide capability have yet to examine whether perceived discrimination serves as a painful and provocative event that contributes to capability for suicide. The purpose of the current study was to examine the association of perceived discrimination and suicide capability for Black and White adults. METHOD The study sample included 173 Black adults (67.6% female; Mage = 23.18, SD = 5.74) and 272 White adults (60.7% female; Mage = 22.80, SD = 5.90). Participants completed a questionnaire battery that included measures of perceived discrimination, depression, and suicide ideation. RESULTS Regression analyses revealed for Black adults (but not White adults), perceived discrimination was associated with an increased capability for suicide after accounting for depressive symptomatology, suicide ideation, non-discriminatory painful and provocative events experienced, age, and gender (β = .226, t = 3.154, p = .002). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide preliminary evidence that perceived discrimination may play a role in suicide capability for Black adults and highlight the importance of considering contextual experiences when examining suicidality in underserved groups.
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Disentangling the effects of efficacy-facilitating informational support on health resilience in online health communities based on phrase-level text analysis. INFORMATION & MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.im.2020.103372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Addressing the Trauma of Racism from a Mental Health Perspective within the African American Community. Dela J Public Health 2020; 6:28-30. [PMID: 34467161 PMCID: PMC8352529 DOI: 10.32481/djph.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined impact of police enforced fatalities and racially charged viral videos, specifically those targeting African American youth and adults, has sparked a global outcry concerning the mental health and traumatic effects of racism within the African American community. While racism in America has been considered dormant or nonexistent in the 21st century, it has impacted the everyday lives of African Americans since the early 1500s. This article will provide an overview of how racism creates and instigates long term traumatic effects on the mental health of African Americans with some concrete recommendations for mental well-being.
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Phoenix DL. Black hope floats: Racial emotion regulation and the uniquely motivating effects of hope on black political participation. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.5964/jspp.v8i2.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drawing upon theories of group based emotion, group based efficacy and appraisal, I propose a model of racial emotion regulation to explain variations in how Black and White Americans respond emotionally and behaviorally to policy opportunity cues. I test the major claims of this model with data from an original experiment and national survey. Findings from the studies indicate that expressions of hope carry a strong and consistent mobilizing effect on the political participation of African Americans, while producing null effects on White participation. I discuss the implications of this model for our understanding of the potential of hope to shape appraisals and perceptions of efficacy among socially marginalized groups, opening up a distinct pathway through which they can be mobilized for political engagement.
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Wang M, Wong YJ, Nyutu PN, Fu C. Suicidality Protective Factors Among Black College Students: Which Cultural and Personal Resources Matter? JOURNAL OF MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jmcd.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Y. Joel Wong
- Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology Indiana University Bloomington
| | - Pius N. Nyutu
- Department of Psychology Fayetteville State University
| | - Chu‐Chun Fu
- Department of Psychology Fayetteville State University
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Caulley
- From the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ottawa, and the Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute - both in Ottawa, Canada; and the Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Matsuo M. The role of work authenticity in linking strengths use to career satisfaction and proactive behavior: a two-wave study. CAREER DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/cdi-01-2020-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeAlthough positive psychology asserts that authenticity comes from identifying and using our strengths, no quantitative research has been conducted to test that relationship. This study aims to examine the mediating role of work authenticity in linking strengths use to career satisfaction and proactive behavior.Design/methodology/approachUsing a two-wave survey with nurses in two large, acute hospitals in Japan (n = 298), a structural equation model was produced.FindingsThe results show that work authenticity fully mediated between strengths use and career satisfaction, and that work authenticity partially mediated between strengths use and proactive behavior.Research limitations/implicationsAs work authenticity, career satisfaction and proactive behavior were measured at time 2, it is desirable to conduct a three-wave survey to measure these variables separately in future research.Practical implicationsIt may be imperative to recognize that employees who use their strengths are satisfied with their careers only by enhancing authenticity at work.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this study was to identify the mediating role of work authenticity in linking strengths use to both career-related well-being and proactive work behaviors.
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Pathways linking adverse environments to emerging adults' substance abuse and depressive symptoms: A prospective analysis of rural African American men. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 33:1496-1506. [PMID: 32693849 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
For African American emerging adult men, developmental challenges are evident in their escalating substance abuse and depressive symptoms; this is particularly true for men from low-resource communities. The present study tests a developmental model linking childhood adversity and contemporaneous contextual stressors to increases in emerging adults' substance use and depressive symptoms, indirectly, via increases in defensive/hostile relational schemas and social developmental risk factors (e.g., risky peers and romantic partners, lack of involvement in school or work). We also advance exploratory hypotheses regarding DNA methylation in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) as a moderator of the effects of stress on relational schemas. Hypotheses were tested with three waves of data from 505 rural African American men aged 19-25 years. Adverse childhood experiences predicted exposure to emerging adult contextual stressors. Contextual stressors forecast increases in defensive/hostile relational schemas, which increased social developmental risk factors. Social developmental risk factors proximally predicted increases in substance abuse and depressive symptoms. OXTR DNA methylation moderated the effects of contextual stressors on defensive/hostile relational schemas. Findings suggest that early exposures to stress carry forward to affect the development of social developmental risk factors in emerging adulthood, which place rural African American men at risk for increased substance abuse and depressive symptoms during the emerging adult years.
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Farmer N, Wallen GR, Baumer Y, Powell-Wiley TM. COVID-19: Growing Health Disparity Gaps and an Opportunity for Health Behavior Discovery? Health Equity 2020; 4:316-319. [PMID: 32775940 PMCID: PMC7410284 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2020.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, racial and ethnic disparities within the current coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at the state level have received attention and notably highlight the ongoing issues surrounding health disparities within the United States. Among the discussions around health disparities lies a discussion on the role of psychosocial stress during this pandemic, especially with broadly applied social distancing and isolation recommendations. In nonpandemic times, psychosocial stressors have a significant association with physiological responses and behavioral responses. Within the current pandemic, increased attention on health-promoting behaviors, such as cooking and physical activity, has occurred. However, based on disparities from structural racism and socioeconomic effects on neighborhood environments, we may see a limiting value to the possible mitigating role of health behaviors within some disparate communities. We present in this perspective that there may be a role for behavioral interventions to mitigate psychosocial stressors and promote health behaviors. It may also be important to consider the use of multilevel behavioral interventions designed in the context of environmental and perceptual barriers during the COIVD-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Farmer
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gwenyth R. Wallen
- National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yvonne Baumer
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Predictors of Alcohol Use in Safety-Net Primary Care: Classism, Religiosity, and Race. JOURNAL OF ADDICTION 2020; 2020:5916318. [PMID: 32612865 PMCID: PMC7317315 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5916318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Class-based discrimination may impact problematic drinking in low-income populations, which may be buffered by personal religiosity. However, little is known how race may impact this association. The purpose of this study was to examine racial differences in the effect of class-based discrimination on problematic drinking as moderated by comfort with God and determine if there were conditional direct effects of class-based discrimination on problematic drinking by race. In this cross-sectional study, participants (N = 189) were patients of an urban, safety-net primary care clinic who completed questionnaires assessing experiences of class-based discrimination, attitudes toward God, and alcohol use. Data were collected from 2015 to 2016 and analyzed using the Hayes PROCESS macro. There was a significant main effect for class-based discrimination predicting problematic drinking. Two-way interaction analyses identified a significant comfort with God by race interaction with greater comfort with God associated with less problematic drinking among white but not black respondents. Conditional direct effects showed that experiences of class-based discrimination were associated with problematic drinking at low and moderate but not high levels of comfort with God in black participants, whereas none were observed for white participants. This study provides insight on how personal religiosity, class-based discrimination, and race may intertwine to shape problematic alcohol use in primarily low-income, urban patients. Clinicians' awareness of risk and protective factors, as well as how race tempers the effects of such factors, is vital in providing better care for this population.
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We Shall Overcome: The Association Between Family of Origin Adversity, Coming to Terms, and Relationship Quality in African Americans. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10591-020-09542-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Byrd DR, Thorpe RJ, Whitfield KE. Special Issue: Race and Mental Health Among Older Adults: Do Depressive Symptoms Shape Blacks' Perceptions of Stress Over Time? Innov Aging 2020; 4:igaa022. [PMID: 33094172 PMCID: PMC7566362 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Previous studies have linked stress to multiple negative mental health outcomes, including depression. This established stress–depression association is typically examined in one direction and cross-sectionally. This study examined the bidirectional relationships between depressive symptoms and changes in perceived stress over time in Blacks. Research Design and Methods The present study uses a community-dwelling sample of 450 Black adults, aged 51–96 years old, who participated in the Baltimore Study of Black Aging—Patterns of Cognitive Aging. Perceived stress—measured by the Perceived Stress Scale—and depressive symptoms—measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale—were both assessed at baseline and follow-up 33 months later. Ordinary least squares regression was used to examine 2 bidirectional longitudinal relationships between (1) stress–depression and (2) depression–stress, and whether these associations are modified by age. Results Initial analyses testing the typical stress–depression relationship showed an effect in the expected direction, that is stress leading to more depressive symptoms over time, adjusting for model covariates, but the effect was not statistically significant (b = 0.014, p = .642). After accounting for baseline perceived stress level, age, sex, education, and chronic health conditions, depressive symptoms were positively associated with follow-up stress (b = 0.210, p < .000). The depression–stress association further varied by age group such that the impact of baseline depression on changes in perceived stress was greatest in Blacks in their 60s versus those in their 50s (b = 0.267, p = .001), controlling for model covariates. Discussion and Implications Contrary to previous work, the results suggest that an individual’s mental health shapes his/her perception of stressful events and this relationship varies by age group. While the typical finding (stress impacting depression) was not significant, the findings reported here highlight the importance of considering the possible bidirectional nature of the relationships between psychosocial measures of stress and mental health in later life among Blacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- DeAnnah R Byrd
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Program for Research on Men's Health, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Benca-Bachman CE, Najera DD, Whitfield KE, Taylor JL, Thorpe RJ, Palmer RHC. Quality and Quantity of Social Support Show Differential Associations With Stress and Depression in African Americans. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 28:597-605. [PMID: 32165073 PMCID: PMC7246182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Social support (SS) is typically associated with lower emotional distress (e.g., stress and depression) in individuals. However, SS is a multifaceted construct that can vary by quality, quantity (amount), and type (i.e., it can be emotional or instrumental in nature). OBJECTIVE The current study examined the relationships between characteristics of SS, stress, and depression in aging African Americans. PARTICIPANTS Analyses focused on data from 705 participants aged 22-92 years from the Carolina African American Twin Study of Aging. MEASUREMENTS Measures included the quality and quantity of emotional and instrumental support received, as well as stress and depression. DESIGN A series of univariate and increasingly complex multivariate regression models were conducted in MPlus (using the cluster option to control for family structure) to examine the relationships between SS and emotional distress variables. RESULTS Overall, better quality of emotional SS predicted fewer depression symptoms and less perceived stress, after controlling for age, gender, socioeconomic status variables, and the other subtypes of SS. However, more instances of emotional SS were associated with higher levels of perceived stress, depression symptoms, and more stressful life events within the past year. Likewise, more instrumental SS predicted more perceived stress, while holding the other variables constant. CONCLUSION African Americans who experience more emotional distress report more SS, but the quality of emotional support appears to play an important role in the association between reduced levels of stress and depression. These findings suggest that interventions should include approaches to reduce emotional distress as well as enhance the quality SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsie E Benca-Bachman
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University (CEB-B, DDN, RCHP), Atlanta, GA.
| | - Dalora D Najera
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University (CEB-B, DDN, RCHP), Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Janiece L Taylor
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University (JLT), Baltimore, MD
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University (RJT), Baltimore, MD
| | - Rohan H C Palmer
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University (CEB-B, DDN, RCHP), Atlanta, GA
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Boateng-Poku A, Benca-Bachman CE, Najera DD, Whitfield KE, Taylor JL, Thorpe RJ, Palmer RHC. The role of social support on the effects of stress and depression on African American tobacco and alcohol use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 209:107926. [PMID: 32087470 PMCID: PMC7127941 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study explored whether social support (SS) from family and peers, influences the relationship between depressed mood (DM) and substance use (SU). We hypothesized that SS would have a protective effect on DM, and moderate the association between DM and SU. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Analyses focused on 703 individuals from the Carolina African American Twin Study on Aging (mean age = 49.78 years, STD = 14.52; 51% female). Participants reported on past year frequency of cigarettes and alcohol consumption, depressed mood, and stressful life events. Social support (SS) was assessed on two domains (i.e., emotional and instrumental), as well as for perceived quality and quantity of each type. Hypotheses were tested using ordinal logistic regression in Mplus while controlling for socioeconomic status, age, and gender. RESULTS Quality of emotional support was negatively associated with drinking. Smoking, but not drinking was associated with depressed mood. While individuals with high levels of depressed mood received more support, receiving better quality emotional support was associated with fewer mood and stress symptoms. Individuals who reported receiving better quality emotional support typically smoked fewer cigarettes. CONCLUSION Quantity of emotional support was associated with higher levels of negative emotionality, whereas the opposite was found for quality of emotional support. Emotional support may indirectly influence smoking via depressed mood. Effecting the perceived quality of support appears to be the mechanism by which emotional support helps to reduce smoking in adult African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Boateng-Poku
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chelsie E Benca-Bachman
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Dalora D Najera
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Keith E Whitfield
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Janiece L Taylor
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, 525 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N Broadway St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rohan H C Palmer
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Perceived Discrimination and Mental Well-being in Arab Americans from Southeast Michigan: a Cross-Sectional Study. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2019; 7:436-445. [PMID: 31833009 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-019-00672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence for the adverse health effects of structural and individual forms of discrimination in multiple religious, ethnic, and racial groups. Since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, Arab Americans have experienced increasingly more frequent and visible forms of discrimination. However, the impact of these experiences on their mental well-being requires further investigation. This study examines the association between perceived discrimination and several markers of mental health and well-being, using cross-sectional data from a convenience sample of 279 Arab American adults from southeast Michigan. After adjustment for a series of relevant confounders, perceived discrimination was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (estimate 0.93, 95% CI 0.53, 1.34, p < 0.01), anxiety symptoms (estimate 0.48, 95% CI 0.19, 0.77, p < 0.01), and poor self-rated health (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08, 1.58, p < 0.01). The study highlights the need to address and mitigate health disparities among individuals of Arab descent and improves awareness of the potential health effects of ongoing structural and interpersonal discrimination toward this population.
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Balidemaj A, Small M. The effects of ethnic identity and acculturation in mental health of immigrants: A literature review. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2019; 65:643-655. [PMID: 31478453 DOI: 10.1177/0020764019867994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this literature review was to highlight the studies on mental health in relation to acculturation and ethnic identity and to identify research gaps. The results can be used to help inform future immigrant mental health workers and policy makers as well as provide information about the implications of immigrant mental health. METHODS The literature search was conducted electronically, directed by a variety of key words. The search focused on five areas of immigrant mental health importance: (1) acculturation; (2) acculturation and mental health; (3) ethnic identity; (4) ethnic identity and mental health; and (5) acculturation, ethnic identity and mental health. A total of 171 articles were examined and 110 were included in the review. RESULTS The information is presented in the following categories: acculturation; acculturation and mental health; ethnic identity; ethnic identity and mental health; and acculturation, ethnic identity and mental health. Research gaps are also presented. CONCLUSION Overall, literature shows that acculturation, ethnic identity and mental health are closely related to one another affecting both, individuals and communities. This literature review will help to better inform practitioners who may encounter immigrants experiencing mental health issues due to acculturation and ethnic identity pressure. This review may also help policy makers identify specific obstacles that are not addressed in immigration policies which can affect the implementation of these policies. In addition, the information presented can be used as an instrument for researchers in the field. Despite the limited amount of information about immigrant mental health challenges, much work remains to fully support the affected individuals and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina Balidemaj
- 1 Rochester Institute of Technology Kosovo (RIT Kosovo), Prishtina, Kosovo
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Neitzke-Spruill L. Race as a component of set and setting: How experiences of race can influence psychedelic experiences. JOURNAL OF PSYCHEDELIC STUDIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/2054.2019.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims
Set and setting function both as a concept that guides research and practice with psychedelic drugs and as a meme aimed at reducing harm among psychedelic users. Referring to non-pharmacological factors that shape drug experiences, the concept of set and setting was popularized in the West during the mid-20th century. However, little theoretical development has occurred regarding what falls under the umbrella of set and setting since its conception.
Methods
By bridging set and setting theory with research from the fields of social psychology and sociology of medicine, this review calls attention to how race can contribute the set and setting for a psychedelic experience.
Results
I argue that psychosocial factors influencing racial differences in mental health also constitute meaningful differences in set. Furthermore, I suggest that the character of race relations in the United States provides a distinct cultural setting for racialized psychedelic users, both in therapeutic and naturalistic contexts. In turn, racial identification may contribute to the variation in framing and interpretation of psychedelic experiences.
Conclusion
These considerations have important implications beyond understanding non-pharmacological influences on psychedelic experiences, including developing protocols for clinical applications of psychedelics, educating future practitioners, and meeting the needs of diverse patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Neitzke-Spruill
- 1 Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Gan Y, Chen Y, Han X, Yu NX, Wang L. Neuropeptide Y Gene × Environment Interaction Predicts Resilience and Positive Future Focus. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2019; 11:438-458. [DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Wang
- Chinese Academy of Science China
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GRIER‐REED TABITHA, AJAYI ALEXA. Incorporating Humanistic Values and Techniques in a Culturally Responsive Therapeutic Intervention for African American College Students. JOURNAL OF HUMANISTIC COUNSELING 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/johc.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - ALEX A. AJAYI
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Minnesota, Twin Cities
- Now at Department of PsychologyAugsburg University
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