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Anzalone SE, Fuller NW, Hartz KEH, Whitledge GW, Magnuson JT, Schlenk D, Acuña S, Whiles MR, Lydy MJ. The Roles of Diet and Habitat Use in Pesticide Bioaccumulation by Juvenile Chinook Salmon: Insights from Stable Isotopes and Fatty Acid Biomarkers. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 86:234-248. [PMID: 38555540 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-024-01060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Stable isotopes (SI) and fatty acid (FA) biomarkers can provide insights regarding trophic pathways and habitats associated with contaminant bioaccumulation. We assessed relationships between SI and FA biomarkers and published data on concentrations of two pesticides [dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and degradation products (DDX) and bifenthrin] in juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Sacramento River and Yolo Bypass floodplain in Northern California near Sacramento. We also conducted SI and FA analyses of zooplankton and macroinvertebrates to determine whether particular trophic pathways and habitats were associated with elevated pesticide concentrations in fish. Relationships between DDX and both sulfur (δ34S) and carbon (δ13C) SI ratios in salmon indicated that diet is a major exposure route for DDX, particularly for individuals with a benthic detrital energy base. Greater use of a benthic detrital energy base likely accounted for the higher frequency of salmon with DDX concentrations > 60 ng/g dw in the Yolo Bypass compared to the Sacramento River. Chironomid larvae and zooplankton were implicated as prey items likely responsible for trophic transfer of DDX to salmon. Sulfur SI ratios enabled identification of hatchery-origin fish that had likely spent insufficient time in the wild to substantially bioaccumulate DDX. Bifenthrin concentration was unrelated to SI or FA biomarkers in salmon, potentially due to aqueous uptake, biotransformation and elimination of the pesticide, or indistinct biomarker compositions among invertebrates with low and high bifenthrin concentrations. One FA [docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and DDX were negatively correlated in salmon, potentially due to a greater uptake of DDX from invertebrates with low DHA or effects of DDX on FA metabolism. Trophic biomarkers may be useful indicators of DDX accumulation and effects in juvenile Chinook Salmon in the Sacramento River Delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Anzalone
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Neil W Fuller
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Kara E Huff Hartz
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Gregory W Whitledge
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Jason T Magnuson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Shawn Acuña
- Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
| | - Matt R Whiles
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Michael J Lydy
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
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Islas-Fabila P, Roldán-Santiago P, de la Cruz-Cruz LA, Limón-Morales O, Dutro-Aceves A, Orozco-Gregorio H, Bonilla-Jaime H. Importance of Selected Nutrients and Additives in the Feed of Pregnant Sows for the Survival of Newborn Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:418. [PMID: 38338061 PMCID: PMC10854669 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review analyzed the effect of selected nutrients and additives in the feed of pregnant sows on the survival of newborn piglets. We analyzed 720 peer-reviewed publications in English in PubMed® and Web of Science®, dated July 2023 to January 2024, related to the effect of dietary supplementation with fatty acids and various percentages of protein, amino acids, and/or sources of dietary fiber on the offspring of gestating sows. While several papers evaluated the effect of nutrition on gestating sows, only a few delved into the distinct feeding strategies required at each stage of gestation to meet the NRC's nutritional requirements for maternal tissue gain and postnatal neonatal survival and growth. This body of research suggests that as gestation progresses the sow's nutritional requirements increase, as the NRC established, to satisfy their own metabolic needs and those of their fetuses. Additional research is needed to determine an optimal feeding strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Islas-Fabila
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico;
| | - Patricia Roldán-Santiago
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Luis Alberto de la Cruz-Cruz
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad del Valle de México-Coyoacán, Calzada de Tlalpan, Mexico City 04910, Mexico; (L.A.d.l.C.-C.); (A.D.-A.)
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Coapa, Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04960, Mexico;
| | - Ofelia Limón-Morales
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico;
| | - Anna Dutro-Aceves
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad del Valle de México-Coyoacán, Calzada de Tlalpan, Mexico City 04910, Mexico; (L.A.d.l.C.-C.); (A.D.-A.)
| | - Héctor Orozco-Gregorio
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Coapa, Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04960, Mexico;
| | - Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico;
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Haake J, Meyerhoff N, Meller S, Twele F, Charalambous M, Wilke V, Volk H. Investigating Owner Use of Dietary Supplements in Dogs with Canine Cognitive Dysfunction. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3056. [PMID: 37835662 PMCID: PMC10571926 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is becoming increasingly recognized in veterinary medicine, as dogs live longer and with CCD being highly prevalent among the elderly dog population. Various studies have shown that diet and dietary supplementation can positively influence the clinical signs of CCD, especially if given at an early stage. The aim of this study was to investigate owner use of dietary supplements (DSs) in dogs with age-related behavioral changes. An observational study based on an online questionnaire for owners of dogs with age-related behavioral changes was performed. Out of a total of 394 owners who completed the survey, after noticing age-related behavioral changes, over half of the dogs received DSs (54%), whereas only 8% reported changing their dog's base diet. The most used DS was fish oil (48%). The use of DSs should be discussed with and monitored by veterinary surgeons since many geriatric patients have multi-morbidities, may have specific nutritional requirements and receive multi-faceted medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Haake
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (J.H.); (N.M.); (S.M.); (F.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Nina Meyerhoff
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (J.H.); (N.M.); (S.M.); (F.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Sebastian Meller
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (J.H.); (N.M.); (S.M.); (F.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Friederike Twele
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (J.H.); (N.M.); (S.M.); (F.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Marios Charalambous
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (J.H.); (N.M.); (S.M.); (F.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Volker Wilke
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Holger Volk
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (J.H.); (N.M.); (S.M.); (F.T.); (M.C.)
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Cardino VN, Goeden T, Yakah W, Ezeamama AE, Fenton JI. New Perspectives on the Associations between Blood Fatty Acids, Growth Parameters, and Cognitive Development in Global Child Populations. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081933. [PMID: 37111152 PMCID: PMC10143140 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is prevalent in low-middle-income countries (LMICs), but it is usually clinically diagnosed through abnormal anthropometric parameters characteristic of protein energy malnutrition (PEM). In doing so, other contributors or byproducts of malnutrition, notably essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD), are overlooked. Previous research performed mainly in high-income countries (HICs) shows that deficiencies in essential fatty acids (EFAs) and their n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) byproducts (also known as highly unsaturated fatty acids or HUFAs) lead to both abnormal linear growth and impaired cognitive development. These adverse developmental outcomes remain an important public health issue in LMICs. To identify EFAD before severe malnutrition develops, clinicians should perform blood fatty acid panels to measure levels of fatty acids associated with EFAD, notably Mead acid and HUFAs. This review demonstrates the importance of measuring endogenous fatty acid levels for measuring fatty acid intake in various child populations in LMICs. Featured topics include a comparison of fatty acid levels between global child populations, the relationships between growth and cognition and PUFAs and the possible mechanisms driving these relationships, and the potential importance of EFAD and HUFA scores as biomarkers of overall health and normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa N Cardino
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Travis Goeden
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - William Yakah
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Amara E Ezeamama
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jenifer I Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Short-Term Fish Oil Supplementation during Adolescence Supports Sex-Specific Impact on Adulthood Visuospatial Memory and Cognitive Flexibility. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173513. [PMID: 36079771 PMCID: PMC9459882 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have supported benefits of omega-3 supplementation using Menhaden fish oil (FO) to promote brain maturation and plasticity during critical developmental periods. The goal of this study was to determine sex-specific immediate and delayed impact of adolescent omega-3 supplementation on visuospatial memory and cognitive flexibility. Sixty-four Wistar rats (n = 32 males and females) received daily FO or soybean oil (CSO) supplementation via oral gavage (0.3 mL/100 g body weight) from postnatal day 28–47. The Barnes Maze Test (BMT) was used to measure visuospatial memory and reversal learning trials (RL) determined cognitive flexibility. Juveniles underwent testing immediately after the gavage period, while adults began testing on postnatal day 90. Adult rats showed reduced working memory errors (WME) and gradual decrease in escape latencies compared to juveniles. Importantly, adult FO-supplemented females displayed fewer WME than males, while males’ performance benefited from CSO supplementation. Overall, sex- and supplementation-dependent effects supported a positive impact of FO in female rats only. Our findings support the potential for supplementation limited to the early adolescence period to influence adulthood spatial learning and cognitive flexibility in a sex-specific manner.
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Pershina EV, Kulagina TP, Savina TA, Aripovsky AV, Levin SG, Arkhipov VI. Changes in the level of fatty acids in the brain of rats during memory acquisition. Behav Brain Res 2022; 417:113599. [PMID: 34563602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Memory acquisition is accompanied by many cellular and molecular processes, and it is not always clear what role they play. Fatty acids (FAs) are known to be important for cognitive functions, but the details of their involvement in memory processes remain unknown. We investigated FAs in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats trained to perform a task with food reinforcement. The learning consisted of two training sessions, each of which included 10 trials. The results showed that such training altered individual FAs in the brains. The most significant changes were in the prefrontal cortex, where an increase in the level of many FAs occurred, especially after the second training session: palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), docosahexaenoic (22:6, n-3), arachidonic (22:4, n-6), docosapentaenoic (22:5, n-6) acids. Changes in the fatty acid level after training in rats were detected only in the left hippocampus, where the levels of palmitic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids changed. The changes in the right hippocampus were not significant. In both the prefrontal cortex and the left hippocampus, 72 h after training, all FAs returned to control levels. We believe that the main role of a reversible increase in FA levels during memory acquisition is to support and protect cellular processes involved in memory acquisition. Consolidation of memory traces, which occurs mainly in the neocortex, requires protection from external influences, to which FAs makes a significant contribution. They are able to improve neuronal plasticity, enhance local blood flow, improve mitochondrial processes, and suppress pro-inflammatory signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Pershina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290 Russia.
| | - Tatyana P Kulagina
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, PSCBR RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Tatyana A Savina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290 Russia
| | | | - Sergey G Levin
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290 Russia
| | - Vladimir I Arkhipov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290 Russia
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Ordóñez-Gutiérrez L, Fábrias G, Casas J, Wandosell F. Diets with Higher ω-6/ω-3 Ratios Show Differences in Ceramides and Fatty Acid Levels Accompanied by Increased Amyloid-Beta in the Brains of Male APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010907. [PMID: 34681567 PMCID: PMC8535881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Senile plaque formation as a consequence of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) aggregation constitutes one of the main hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This pathology is characterized by synaptic alterations and cognitive impairment. In order to either prevent or revert it, different therapeutic approaches have been proposed, and some of them are focused on diet modification. Modification of the ω-6/ω-3 fatty acids (FA) ratio in diets has been proven to affect Aβ production and senile plaque formation in the hippocampus and cortex of female transgenic (TG) mice. In these diets, linoleic acid is the main contribution of ω-6 FA, whereas alpha-linoleic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) are the contributors of ω-3 FA. In the present work, we have explored the effect of ω-6/ω-3 ratio modifications in the diets of male double-transgenic APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (AD model) and wild-type mice (WT). Amyloid burden in the hippocampus increased in parallel with the increase in dietary ω-6/ω-3 ratio in TG male mice. In addition, there was a modification in the brain lipid profile proportional to the ω-6/ω-3 ratio of the diet. In particular, the higher the ω-6/ω-3 ratio, the lower the ceramides and higher the FAs, particularly docosatetraenoic acid. Modifications to the cortex lipid profile was mostly similar between TG and WT mice, except for gangliosides (higher levels in TG mice) and some ceramide species (lower levels in TG mice).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ordóñez-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Fábrias
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), 080034 Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Josefina Casas
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), 080034 Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-196-4561
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Gould JF, Anderson PJ, Yelland LN, Gibson RA, Makrides M. The Influence of Prenatal DHA Supplementation on Individual Domains of Behavioral Functioning in School-Aged Children: Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092996. [PMID: 34578873 PMCID: PMC8472059 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) accumulates in the fetal brain during pregnancy and is thought to have a role in supporting neurodevelopment. We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial in women with a singleton pregnancy who were <21 weeks’ gestation at trial entry. Women were provided with 800 mg DHA/day or a placebo supplement from trial entry until birth. When children reached seven years of age, we invited parents to complete the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), and the Conners 3rd Edition Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Index to assess child behavior and behavioral manifestations of executive dysfunction. There were 543 parent–child pairs (85% of those eligible) that participated in the follow-up. Scores were worse in the DHA group than the placebo group for the BRIEF Global Executive, Behavioral Regulation and Metacognition Indexes, and the Shift, Inhibit, Monitor, Working Memory, and Organization of Materials scales, as well as for the Conners 3 ADHD index, and the SDQ Total Difficulties score, Hyperactivity/Inattention score, and Peer Relationship Problems score. In this healthy, largely term-born sample of children, prenatal DHA supplementation conferred no advantage to childhood behavior, and instead appeared to have an adverse effect on behavioral functioning, as assessed by standardized parental report scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline F. Gould
- Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, 72 King William Road, Adelaide 5006, Australia; (L.N.Y.); (R.A.G.); (M.M.)
- School of Psychology & Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +618-128-4423
| | - Peter J. Anderson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia;
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Lisa N. Yelland
- Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, 72 King William Road, Adelaide 5006, Australia; (L.N.Y.); (R.A.G.); (M.M.)
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Robert A. Gibson
- Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, 72 King William Road, Adelaide 5006, Australia; (L.N.Y.); (R.A.G.); (M.M.)
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Maria Makrides
- Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, 72 King William Road, Adelaide 5006, Australia; (L.N.Y.); (R.A.G.); (M.M.)
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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Wang DD, Wu F, Ding L, Shi HH, Xue CH, Wang YM, Zhang TT. Dietary n-3 PUFA Deficiency Increases Vulnerability to Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Male C57BL/6 Mice. J Nutr 2021; 151:2206-2214. [PMID: 33978190 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DHA (22:6n-3), a long-chain n-3 PUFA, is essential for normal brain development and function. Our previous study demonstrated that DHA significantly improves scopolamine-induced dementia. However, there are no reports on the relation between n-3 PUFA deficiency and scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate whether n-3 PUFA deficiency increases vulnerability to scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment. METHODS Male and female C57BL/6 mice were mated and fed an n-3 PUFA-adequate [containing 2.88% α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3)] or -deficient (containing 0.09% ALA) diet for 2 consecutive generations. The corresponding second-generation male offspring were kept on the same diet as their mothers after weaning, and were randomly assigned to 2 subgroups at 7 wk of age, in which they were intraperitoneally injected with saline [fed n-3 PUFA-adequate (Con) or -deficient (Def) diet] or scopolamine [5 mg/kg body weight; fed n-3 PUFA-adequate (Sco) or -deficient (Def + Sco) diet] once per day for 7 d before killing. Behavioral performance was analyzed using the Morris Water Maze test. Fatty acid composition, protein expression, and indicators of cholinergic and oxidative stress in the brain were measured. RESULTS The Def group showed lower brain DHA (-63.7%, P ≤ 0.01) and higher n-6 PUFA (+65.5%, P ≤ 0.05) concentrations than the Con group. The Def + Sco group and the Sco group showed poorer spatial learning and memory (escape latency on the sixth day: +60.3% and +36.8%; platform crossings: -43.9% and -28.2%, respectively) and more obvious cholinergic dysfunction (acetylcholine: -47.6% and -27.7%, respectively), oxidative stress (glutathione peroxidase: -64.2% and -32.5%, respectively), apoptosis [B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2)-associated X protein/BCL2: +230.8% and +153.8%; phosphorylated P38/P38: +232% and +130%, phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/JNK: +104.5% and +58.8%, respectively], neuroinflammation (IL-1β: +317.6% and +95%, respectively), and neurodevelopmental delay (brain-derived neurotrophic factor: -54.4% and -7.25%, respectively) than their corresponding saline-treated controls. CONCLUSIONS Dietary n-3 PUFA deficiency significantly decreases brain DHA concentrations and increases vulnerability to scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in C57BL/6 male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hao-Hao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Peng S, Peng Z, Qin M, Huang L, Zhao B, Wei L, Ning J, Tuo QH, Yuan TF, Shi Z, Liao DF. Targeting neuroinflammation: The therapeutic potential of ω-3 PUFAs in substance abuse. Nutrition 2020; 83:111058. [PMID: 33360033 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Substance abuse is a chronic relapsing disorder that results in serious health and socioeconomic issues worldwide. Addictive drugs induce long-lasting morphologic and functional changes in brain circuits and account for the formation of compulsive drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviors. Yet, there remains a lack of reliable therapy. In recent years, accumulating evidence indicated that neuroinflammation was implicated in the development of drug addiction. Findings from both our and other laboratories suggest that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are effective in treating neuroinflammation-related mental diseases, and indicate that they could exert positive effects in treating drug addiction. Thus, in the present review, we summarized and evaluated recently published articles reporting the neuroinflammation mechanism in drug addiction and the immune regulatory ability of ω-3 PUFAs. We also sought to identify some of the challenges ahead in the translation of ω-3 PUFAs into addiction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Peng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuang Peng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Qin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Metabolic Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qin-Hui Tuo
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhe Shi
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China.
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China.
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11
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Quin C, Vollman DM, Ghosh S, Haskey N, Estaki M, Pither J, Barnett JA, Jay MN, Birnie BW, Gibson DL. Fish oil supplementation reduces maternal defensive inflammation and predicts a gut bacteriome with reduced immune priming capacity in infants. THE ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:2090-2104. [PMID: 32398661 PMCID: PMC7368083 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0672-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Habitual supplementation of fish oil is thought to provide benefits to the developing infant; however, the effects on infant microbial establishment and immune development are unknown. A 6-month observational cohort study was conducted where 47 out of 91 women self-administered dietary fish oil during breastfeeding. Infant stool and mothers' breast milk were collected each month over 6 months. Gas chromatography was used to quantify breast milk fatty acids and high-throughput sequencing was used to assess the infant fecal microbiota. Immune markers and parent-reported questionnaires were used to assess infant immunity and health up to 2 years. Our results reveal that fish oil supplementation decreased secretory immunoglobulin A and increased IL-10 production in lactating women along with increased breast milk eicosapentaenoic acid, and this corresponded to increased abundances of fecal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp. in their infants. Docosahexaenoic acid levels in breast milk aligned with decreases in infant gut bacterial richness and the predicted bacterial phenotypes suggested that fish oil lowers commensal traits involved in pathogen colonization resistance. Despite this, there were no differences in sickness incidence in toddlers. This study revealed that fish oil associates with decreases in breast milk defensive inflammatory responses and corresponds with infant fecal microbiota with anti-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Quin
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Deanna M Vollman
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Natasha Haskey
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Mehrbod Estaki
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Jason Pither
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A Barnett
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Michael N Jay
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Blake W Birnie
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Deanna L Gibson
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
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12
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DHA supplementation in infants born preterm and the effect on attention at 18 months' corrected age: follow-up of a subset of the N3RO randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:420-431. [PMID: 32660658 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Infants born preterm miss out on the peak period of in utero DHA accretion to the brain during the last trimester of pregnancy which is hypothesised to contribute to the increased prevalence of neurodevelopmental deficits in this population. This study aimed to determine whether DHA supplementation in infants born preterm improves attention at 18 months' corrected age. This is a follow-up of a subset of infants who participated in the N3RO randomised controlled trial. Infants were randomised to receive an enteral emulsion of high-dose DHA (60 mg/kg per d) or no DHA (soya oil - control) from within the first days of birth until 36 weeks' post-menstrual age. The assessment of attention involved three tasks requiring the child to maintain attention on toy/s in either the presence or absence of competition or a distractor. The primary outcome was the child's latency of distractibility when attention was focused on a toy. The primary outcome was available for seventy-three of the 120 infants that were eligible to participate. There was no evidence of a difference between groups in the latency of distractibility (adjusted mean difference: 0·08 s, 95 % CI -0·81, 0·97; P = 0·86). Enteral DHA supplementation did not result in improved attention in infants born preterm at 18 months' corrected age.
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13
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Maternal diet high in Omega-3 fatty acids upregulate genes involved in neurotrophin signalling in fetal brain during pregnancy in C57BL/6 mice. Neurochem Int 2020; 138:104778. [PMID: 32474175 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins play a critical role in the development, maintenance, and proper function of the brain. We investigated the effects of maternal diet high in omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on fatty acids composition and the gene expression of neurotrophins in fetal brain at different gestation stages. Female C57BL/6 mice (7-weeks old, n = 8/group) were fed a diet containing high, low or very low n-3 PUFA (9, 3 or 1% w/w, respectively), with an n-6:n-3 PUFA of 5:1, 20:1 and 40:1, respectively, for two weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy. Animals were sacrificed during pregnancy at gestation day 12.5 and 18.5 to determine placental and fetal-brain fatty acids composition. The gene expressions of endothelial lipase (EL) and plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein (FABPpm) were measured in the placenta, while major facilitator superfamily domain-containing 2a (Mfsd2a), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin-receptor kinase (TrK)-B, and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) were measured in fetal-brain, using qPCR. The protein expression of phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) was determined using ELISA. The high n-3 PUFA diet increased the mRNA expression of EL, FABPpm, and Mfsd2a at both gestation days, compared to other groups. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and total n-3 PUFA were significantly higher in the high n-3 PUFA group, compared to the other groups at both gestation days. The high n-3 PUFA diet also increased the mRNA expressions of BDNF, TrKB and CREB, as well as the protein concentration of pCREB as gestation progressed, compared to the other groups. Our findings show for the first time that maternal diet high in n-3 PUFA increased the mRNA expression of Mfsd2a, which correlated with an increase in DHA accretion in the fetal-brain. A diet high in n-3 PUFA increased neurotrophin signalling in fetal-brain as gestation progressed, demonstrating the importance of n-3 PUFA during brain development.
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14
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Stoffel W, Schmidt-Soltau I, Binczek E, Thomas A, Thevis M, Wegner I. Dietary ω3-and ω6-Polyunsaturated fatty acids reconstitute fertility of Juvenile and adult Fads2-Deficient mice. Mol Metab 2020; 36:100974. [PMID: 32272092 PMCID: PMC7153284 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including essential fatty acids linoleic and α-linolenic acid and derived long chain and very long chain ω3-and ω6-polyunsaturated fatty acids, are vital structures in mammalian membrane systems and signaling molecules, pivotal in brain development, lipid, and energy metabolism and in female and male fertility during human evolution. Numerous nutritional studies suggest imbalance of PUFA metabolism as a critical factor in the pathogenesis of several human lifestyle diseases: dyslipoproteinemia, obesity, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and infertility. The lack of unbiased animal models impedes molecular interpretation of the role of synthesized and dietary supplied PUFAs in these conditions. In this study, we used a Δ6 fatty acid desaturase (FADS2) deficient mouse mutant lacking key enzyme activity in the biosynthesis of ω3-and ω6-PUFAs from EFAs to address the molecular role of PUFAs in female and male fertility. Infertility is a hallmark of the pleiotropic but auxotrophic fads2−/− phenotype and is therefore helpful for stringent dietary studies on the role of individual PUFAs. Methods Feeding regimens: Age- and gender-matched infertile fads2−/− mice were maintained on defined diets, normal diet containing essential fatty acids, and supplemented with ω6-arachidonic acid, ω3-docosahexaenoic acid, and arachidonic/docosahexaenoic acid, starting (a) after weaning and (b) initiated in 4-month-old female and male fads2−/− mice. Phospho- and sphingolipidomes of ovarian and testicular membrane lipid bilayers in each cohort were established and the impact on the expression and topology of membrane marker proteins, membrane morphology, germ cell development, and female and male fertility in the respective cohorts was elaborated. Results PUFA synthesis deficiency caused a halt to folliculogenesis, atresia of oocytes, and infertility of fads2−/− female mice. A PUFA-deficient membrane lipid bilayer core structure led to the disassembly of the gap junction network of the follicular granulosa cells. In fads2−/− testis, the blood-testis barrier was disrupted and spermatogenesis arrested, leading to infertility. Sustained supply of combined AA and DHA remodeled the PUFA-deficient ovarian and testicular membrane lipidomes, facilitating the reassembly of the functional gap junction network for regular ovarian cycles and the reconstitution of the blood-testis barrier in Sertoli cells, reconstituting fertility not only in developing newborns, but surprisingly also in adult infertile fads2−/− mice. Conclusions These findings demonstrate the previously unrecognized membrane structure-based molecular link between nutrient ω3-and ω6-PUFAs, gonadal membrane structures, and female and male fertility and might foster studies of the pivotal role of dietary PUFAs in human fertility. PUFA-depletion disrupts membrane lipid scaffolds of ovarian GJ- and TJ-complexes of the testicular BTB Nutrient AA/DHA reconstitute the gonadal membrane bilayer architecture in auxotrophioc fads2-/- mice AA/DHA replenished lipid-bilayers promote the assembly of follicular GJ- and BTB-protein complexes in fads2-/- mice Nutrient AA/DHA release arrest of oo- and spermatogenesis, restoring fertility of newborn and adult fads2-/- mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Stoffel
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany; CMMC (Center for Molecular Medicine), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany; CECAD (Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Inga Schmidt-Soltau
- CMMC (Center for Molecular Medicine), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Erika Binczek
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Thomas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Deutsche Sporthochschule Cologne, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mario Thevis
- Institute of Biochemistry, Deutsche Sporthochschule Cologne, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ina Wegner
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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15
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Joffre C, Dinel AL, Chataigner M, Pallet V, Layé S. n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Derivates Reduce Neuroinflammation during Aging. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030647. [PMID: 32121189 PMCID: PMC7146513 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
: Aging is associated to cognitive decline, which can lead to loss of life quality, personal suffering, and ultimately neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is one of the mechanisms explaining the loss of cognitive functions. Indeed, aging is associated to the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, which can be targeted by specific nutrients with anti-inflammatory effects. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are particularly attractive as they are present in the brain, possess immunomodulatory properties, and are precursors of lipid derivates named specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). SPMs are crucially involved in the resolution of inflammation that is modified during aging, resulting in chronic inflammation. In this review, we first examine the effect of aging on neuroinflammation and then evaluate the potential beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA as precursors of bioactive derivates, particularly during aging, on the resolution of inflammation. Lastly, we highlight evidence supporting a role of n-3 PUFA during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Joffre
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.C.); (V.P.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anne-Laure Dinel
- NutriBrain Research and Technology Transfer, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Chataigner
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.C.); (V.P.); (S.L.)
- Abyss Ingredients, 56850 Caudan, France
| | - Véronique Pallet
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.C.); (V.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Sophie Layé
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.C.); (V.P.); (S.L.)
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16
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Luo W, Xu X, Luo Z, Yao J, Zhang J, Xu W, Xu J. Effect of fish oil supplementation in sow diet during late gestation and lactation period on litter characteristics, milk composition and fatty acid profile of sows and their offspring. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1685917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Yao
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences West, Virginia University Morgantown, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weina Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxiong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Grazioli S, Crippa A, Mauri M, Piazza C, Bacchetta A, Salandi A, Trabattoni S, Agostoni C, Molteni M, Nobile M. Association Between Fatty Acids Profile and Cerebral Blood Flow: An Exploratory fNIRS Study on Children with and without ADHD. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2414. [PMID: 31658664 PMCID: PMC6836039 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) biostatus has been proposed as possible attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis biomarker. The present exploratory study aimed to investigate the association between PUFAs biostatus and cerebral cortex metabolism measured by functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in a sample of children with and without ADHD. 24 children with ADHD and 22 typically developing (TD) peers, aged 8-14, were recruited. Linoleic, arachidonic, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids levels were evaluated in whole blood. All children underwent fNIRS while performing an n-back working memory task. Between groups comparisons revealed lower levels of arachidonic acid in children with ADHD and stronger NIRS signal in TD participants, especially when completing more difficult tasks. Correlations conducted between fNIRS activation and PUFA biostatus revealed several associations between hemodynamic changes in the frontoparietal regions and fatty acids profile across participants. This result was also confirmed by the multiple hierarchical regression analyses that remarked an inverse effect of eicosapentaenoic acid levels on oxyhemoglobin values in right frontoparietal region. Such preliminary findings, if confirmed, would suggest that PUFAs could play a role in atypical neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grazioli
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
| | | | - Maddalena Mauri
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Caterina Piazza
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bacchetta
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
| | - Antonio Salandi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
| | - Sara Trabattoni
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
- DISSCO Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
- SIGENP (Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition), via Libero Temolo 4 (Torre U8), 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimo Molteni
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
| | - Maria Nobile
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
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18
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Greer JB, Magnuson JT, Hester K, Giroux M, Pope C, Anderson T, Liu J, Dang V, Denslow ND, Schlenk D. Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Cholinesterase and Serine Lipase Activities and Lipid Metabolism in Brains of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Toxicol Sci 2019; 172:146-154. [PMID: 31359069 PMCID: PMC6813751 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphorus insecticide that elicits acute toxicity through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), leading to acetylcholine accumulation and prolonged stimulation of cholinergic receptors throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. Previous studies have indicated that neurodevelopment may also be impaired through alternative pathways, including reduction of cAMP catalyzed downstream events. The upstream initiating events that underlie non-cholinergic neurological actions of chlorpyrifos and other organophosphorus compounds remain unclear. To investigate the potential role of disruption of fatty acid signaling as a mechanism of toxicity, lipid metabolism and fatty acid profiles were examined to identify alterations that may play a critical role in upstream signaling in the CNS. Juvenile rainbow trout were treated for 7 days with nominal chlorpyrifos concentrations previously reported to diminish olfactory responses (10, 20, and 40 μg/L). While lethality was noted higher doses, measured chlorpyrifos concentrations of 1.38 μg/L (nominal concentration 10 μg/L) significantly reduced the activity of AChE and two serine lipases, monoacylglycerol lipase and fatty acid amide hydrolase in the brain. Reductions in lysophosphatidylethanolamines (16:0; 18:0, 18:1, and 22:6) derived from the phosphatidylethanolamines and free fatty acids (Palmitic acid16:0; Linolenic acid18:3; Eicosadienoic acid 20:2; Arachidonic acid 20:4; and Docosahexaenoic acid 22:6) were also noted, suggesting that chlorpyrifos inhibited the metabolism of selected phospholipid signaling precursors at sublethal concentrations. These results indicate that in addition to AChE inhibition, environmentally relevant chlorpyrifos exposure alters serine lipase activity and lipid metabolites in the trout brain, which may compromise neuronal signaling and impact neurobehavioral responses in aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Greer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, 2460A Geology, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - J T Magnuson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, 2460A Geology, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - K Hester
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - M Giroux
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, 2460A Geology, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - C Pope
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - T Anderson
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - J Liu
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, Oklahoma State University, 264 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - V Dang
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, PO Box 110885, 2187 Mowry Rd., Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - N D Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, PO Box 110885, 2187 Mowry Rd., Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - D Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, 2460A Geology, Riverside, CA, United States.,Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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van Elst K, Brouwers JF, Merkens JE, Broekhoven MH, Birtoli B, Helms JB, Kas MJH. Chronic dietary changes in n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios cause developmental delay and reduce social interest in mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:16-31. [PMID: 30563719 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.11.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are one of the main cellular building blocks, and dietary changes in PUFA composition are proposed as a potential route to influence brain development. For example, initial studies indicated that there is a relation between blood omega-6(n-6)/omega-3(n-3) PUFA ratios and neurodevelopmental disease diagnosis. To study the consequences of dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio changes, we investigated the impact of a n-3 supplemented and n-3 deficient diet in developing BTBR T + Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) - a mouse inbred strain displaying Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)-like symptomatology - and control C57BL/6J mice. This study showed that pre- and postnatal changed dietary n-6/n-3 ratio intake has a major impact on blood and brain PUFA composition, and led to delayed physical development and puberty onset in both strains. The PUFA induced developmental delay did not impact adult cognitive performance, but resulted in reduced social interest, a main ASD behavioral feature. Thus, both chronic dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation and depletion may not be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim van Elst
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos F Brouwers
- Department of Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica E Merkens
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark H Broekhoven
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - J Bernd Helms
- Department of Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Martien J H Kas
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Hoffmann A, Spengler D. The Mitochondrion as Potential Interface in Early-Life Stress Brain Programming. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:306. [PMID: 30574076 PMCID: PMC6291450 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in cellular energy-generating processes and are master regulators of cell life. They provide the energy necessary to reinstate and sustain homeostasis in response to stress, and to launch energy intensive adaptation programs to ensure an organism’s survival and future well-being. By this means, mitochondria are particularly apt to mediate brain programming by early-life stress (ELS) and to serve at the same time as subcellular substrate in the programming process. With a focus on mitochondria’s integrated role in metabolism, steroidogenesis and oxidative stress, we review current findings on altered mitochondrial function in the brain, the placenta and peripheral blood cells following ELS-dependent programming in rodents and recent insights from humans exposed to early life adversity (ELA). Concluding, we propose a role of the mitochondrion as subcellular intersection point connecting ELS, brain programming and mental well-being, and a role as a potential site for therapeutic interventions in individuals exposed to severe ELS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Hoffmann
- Epigenomics of Early Life, Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Dietmar Spengler
- Epigenomics of Early Life, Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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21
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Herrera JL, Ordoñez-Gutierrez L, Fabrias G, Casas J, Morales A, Hernandez G, Acosta NG, Rodriguez C, Prieto-Valiente L, Garcia-Segura LM, Alonso R, Wandosell FG. Ovarian Function Modulates the Effects of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Mouse Cerebral Cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:103. [PMID: 29740285 PMCID: PMC5928148 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Different dietary ratios of n−6/n−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) may alter brain lipid profile, neural activity, and brain cognitive function. To determine whether ovarian hormones influence the effect of diet on the brain, ovariectomized and sham-operated mice continuously treated with placebo or estradiol were fed for 3 months with diets containing low or high n−6/n−3 LC-PUFA ratios. The fatty acid (FA) profile and expression of key neuronal proteins were analyzed in the cerebral cortex, with intact female mice on standard diet serving as internal controls of brain lipidome composition. Diets containing different concentrations of LC-PUFAs greatly modified total FAs, sphingolipids, and gangliosides in the cerebral cortex. Some of these changes were dependent on ovarian hormones, as they were not detected in ovariectomized animals, and in the case of complex lipids, the effect of ovariectomy was partially or totally reversed by continuous administration of estradiol. However, even though differential dietary LC-PUFA content modified the expression of neuronal proteins such as synapsin and its phosphorylation level, PSD-95, amyloid precursor protein (APP), or glial proteins such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an effect also dependent on the presence of the ovary, chronic estradiol treatment was unable to revert the dietary effects on brain cortex synaptic proteins. These results suggest that, in addition to stable estradiol levels, other ovarian hormones such as progesterone and/or cyclic ovarian secretory activity could play a physiological role in the modulation of dietary LC-PUFAs on the cerebral cortex, which may have clinical implications for post-menopausal women on diets enriched with different proportions of n−3 and n−6 LC-PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Herrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básica and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Lara Ordoñez-Gutierrez
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Fabrias
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Araceli Morales
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básica and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Guadalberto Hernandez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básica and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Nieves G Acosta
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Covadonga Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básica and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Luis M Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal (CSIC) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Alonso
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básica and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Francisco G Wandosell
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Zhang Z, Fulgoni VL, Kris-Etherton PM, Mitmesser SH. Dietary Intakes of EPA and DHA Omega-3 Fatty Acids among US Childbearing-Age and Pregnant Women: An Analysis of NHANES 2001-2014. Nutrients 2018; 10:E416. [PMID: 29597261 PMCID: PMC5946201 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommend that the general population should consume about 8 ounces (oz.) per week of a variety of seafood, providing approximately 250 mg per day of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and that pregnant and lactating women should consume 8–12 oz. per week of seafood. METHODS We determined the usual intakes, percentage not meeting recommendations, and trends in EPA and DHA intakes among childbearing-age and pregnant women (15–44 years of age) using the NHANES cycles 2001–2002 through 2013–2014. RESULTS For the childbearing-age women, the mean usual intake of seafood was 0.44 ± 0.02 oz. equivalent per day and 100% of the population was below the DGA recommendation. Mean usual intakes of EPA, DHA, and combined EPA and DHA from foods and dietary supplements combined were 26.8 ± 1.4, 62.2 ± 1.9, and 88.1 ± 3.0 mg per day, respectively. Over 95% of the sample did not meet the daily intakes of 250 mg EPA and DHA. Similar results were observed for pregnant women. After controlling for covariates, there were slight but significant increases in EPA and DHA intakes from foods and dietary supplements over the 14-year span among childbearing-age (p = 0.005) and pregnant women (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS It was estimated that a majority of U.S. childbearing-age and pregnant women consumed significantly lower amounts of seafood than what the DGA recommends, which subsequently leads to low intakes of EPA and DHA; in addition, dietary supplement use has not eliminated the nutrient shortfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Zhang
- Nutrition and Scientific Affairs, The Nature's Bounty Co., Ronkonkoma, NY 11779, USA.
| | | | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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23
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Hauser J, Stollberg E, Reissmann A, Kaunzinger I, Lange KW. Alterations of attention and impulsivity in the rat following a transgenerational decrease in dietary omega-3 fatty acids. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Hashimoto M, Hossain S, Katakura M, Mamun AA, Shido O. Docosahexaenoic Acid Helps to Lessen Extinction Memory in Rats. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020451. [PMID: 29463009 PMCID: PMC6017742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Memory extinction is referred to as a learning process in which a conditioned response (CR) progressively reduces over time as an animal learns to uncouple a response from a stimulus. Extinction occurs when the rat is placed into a context without shock after training. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6, n-3) is implicated in memory formation in mammalian brains. In a two-way active shuttle-avoidance apparatus, we examined whether DHA affects the extinction memory and the expression of brain cognition-related proteins, including gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor (BDNFR) tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrKB), and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits NR2A and NR2B. Also, the protein levels of GRP, BDNF, postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), and the antioxidative potentials, in terms of lipid peroxide (LPO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), were examined in the hippocampus. During the acquisition phase, the rats received a conditioned stimulus (CS-tone) paired with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS foot shock) for three consecutive days (Sessions S1, S2, and S3, each consisting of 30-trials) after 12 weeks of oral administration of DHA. After a three-day interval, the rats were re-subjected to two extinction sessions (S4, S5), each comprising 30 trials of CS alone. During the acquisition training in S1, the shock-related avoidance frequency (acquisition memory) was significantly higher in the DHA-administered rats compared with the control rats. The avoidance frequency, however, decreased with successive acquisition trainings in sessions S2 and S3. When the rats were subjected to the extinction sessions after a break for consolidation, the conditioned response (CR) was also significantly higher in the DHA-administered rats. Interestingly, the freezing responses (frequency and time) also significantly decreased in the DHA-administered rats, thus suggesting that a higher coping capacity was present during fear stress in the DHA-administered rats. DHA treatments increased the mRNA levels of GRPR, BDNF receptor TrKB, and NMDAR subunit NR2B. DHA also increased the protein levels of GRP, BDNF, PSD-95, and VAChT, and the antioxidative potentials in the hippocampus. These results suggest the usefulness of DHA for treating stress disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Hashimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Shahdat Hossain
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
| | - Masanori Katakura
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Osamu Shido
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
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25
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Kerdiles O, Layé S, Calon F. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and brain health: Preclinical evidence for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Sheppard KW, Boone KM, Gracious B, Klebanoff MA, Rogers LK, Rausch J, Bartlett C, Coury DL, Keim SA. Effect of Omega-3 and -6 Supplementation on Language in Preterm Toddlers Exhibiting Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 47:3358-3369. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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Nock TG, Chouinard-Watkins R, Plourde M. Carriers of an apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele are more vulnerable to a dietary deficiency in omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive decline. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1068-1078. [PMID: 28733268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Carriers of an epsilon 4 allele (E4) of apolipoprotein E (APOE) develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) earlier than carriers of other APOE alleles. The metabolism of plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), an omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA), taken up by the brain and concentrated in neurons, is disrupted in E4 carriers, resulting in lower levels of brain DHA. Behavioural and cognitive impairments have been observed in animals with lower brain DHA levels, with emphasis on loss of spatial memory and increased anxiety. E4 mice provided a diet deficient in n-3 FA had a greater depletion of n-3 FA levels in organs and tissues than mice carrying other APOE alleles. However, providing n-3 FA can restore levels of brain DHA in E4 animals and in other models of n-3 FA deficiency. In E4 carriers, supplementation with DHA as early as possible might help to prevent the onset of AD and could halt the progression of, and reverse some of the neurological and behavioural consequences of their higher vulnerability to n-3 FA deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Gwendolyn Nock
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Canada; Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Canada; Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Canada; Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec City, Canada.
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28
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Thomazeau A, Bosch-Bouju C, Manzoni O, Layé S. Nutritional n-3 PUFA Deficiency Abolishes Endocannabinoid Gating of Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:2571-2579. [PMID: 26946127 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially docosahexaenoic acid, is critical during perinatal brain development. How early postnatal n-3 PUFA deficiency impacts on hippocampal synaptic plasticity is mostly unknown. Here we compared activity-dependent plasticity at excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in weaned pups whose mothers were fed with an n-3 PUFA-balanced or n-3 PUFA-deficient diet. Normally, endogenous cannabinoids (eCB) produced by the post-synapse dually control network activity by mediating the long-term depression of inhibitory inputs (iLTD) and positively gating NMDAR-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) of excitatory inputs. We found that both iLTD and LTP were impaired in n-3 PUFA-deficient mice. Pharmacological dissection of the underlying mechanism revealed that impairment of NMDAR-dependent LTP was causally linked to and attributable to the ablation of eCB-mediated iLTD and associated to disinhibitory gating of excitatory synapses. The data shed new light on how n-3 PUFAs shape synaptic activity in the hippocampus and provide a new synaptic substrate to the cognitive impairments associated with perinatal n-3 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Thomazeau
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, INRA, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux University, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Clémentine Bosch-Bouju
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, INRA, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux University, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Manzoni
- Aix-Marseille Université.,INSERM.,INMED UMR S 901, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, INRA, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux University, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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29
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Ochiai Y, Uchida Y, Ohtsuki S, Tachikawa M, Aizawa S, Terasaki T. The blood-brain barrier fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1/SLC27A1) supplies docosahexaenoic acid to the brain, and insulin facilitates transport. J Neurochem 2017; 141:400-412. [PMID: 28035674 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We purposed to clarify the contribution of fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1/SLC 27A1) to the supply of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to the brain across the blood-brain barrier in this study. Transport experiments showed that the uptake rate of [14 C]-DHA in human FATP1-expressing HEK293 cells was significantly greater than that in empty vector-transfected (mock) HEK293 cells. The steady-state intracellular DHA concentration was nearly 2-fold smaller in FATP1-expressing than in mock cells, suggesting that FATP1 works as not only an influx, but also an efflux transporter for DHA. [14 C]-DHA uptake by a human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3) increased in a time-dependent manner, and was inhibited by unlabeled DHA and a known FATP1 substrate, oleic acid. Knock-down of FATP1 in hCMEC/D3 cells with specific siRNA showed that FATP1-mediated uptake accounts for 59.2-73.0% of total [14 C]-DHA uptake by the cells. Insulin treatment for 30 min induced translocation of FATP1 protein to the plasma membrane in hCMEC/D3 cells and enhanced [14 C]-DHA uptake. Immunohistochemical analysis of mouse brain sections showed that FATP1 protein is preferentially localized at the basal membrane of brain microvessel endothelial cells. We found that two neuroprotective substances, taurine and biotin, in addition to DHA, undergo FATP1-mediated efflux. Overall, our results suggest that FATP1 localized at the basal membrane of brain microvessels contributes to the transport of DHA, taurine and biotin into the brain, and insulin rapidly increases DHA supply to the brain by promoting translocation of FATP1 to the membrane. Read the Editorial Comment for this article on page 324.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ochiai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Tachikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Sanshiro Aizawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
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30
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Benyettou I, Kharoubi O, Hallal N, Benyettou HA, Tair K, Belmokhtar M, Aoues A, Ozaslan M. Aluminium-Induced Behavioral Changes and Oxidative Stress in Developing Rat Brain and the Possible Ameliorating Role of Omega-6/Omega-3 Ratio. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2017.106.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Robertson RC, Seira Oriach C, Murphy K, Moloney GM, Cryan JF, Dinan TG, Paul Ross R, Stanton C. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids critically regulate behaviour and gut microbiota development in adolescence and adulthood. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 59:21-37. [PMID: 27423492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.07.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodevelopment is strongly influenced by maternal and early-postnatal diet. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are vital structural and functional components of the developing brain. The gut microbiota is also influenced by n-3 PUFA status, however, little is known about the role of maternal and early-life n-3 PUFA intake on offspring gut microbiota development and subsequent interactions with central nervous system functioning and behavioural outcomes. METHODS Pregnant female C57BL/6 mice and their male offspring were fed a control (CON), omega-3 deficient (O3-) or omega-3 supplemented (O3+) diet. Cognitive, depressive and social behaviours were assessed through a battery of behaviour tests in the male offspring at both adolescence (week 4-5) and adulthood (week 11-13). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) activation was assessed by analysis of stress-induced corticosterone production. Fecal microbiota composition was analysed by 16S sequencing at both adolescent and adulthood. In addition, stimulated spleen cytokine levels were assessed. RESULTS n-3 PUFA interventions induced subtle changes in offspring early-life and adolescent behaviours, which were further evident in adulthood, such that O3- animals displayed impaired communication, social and depression-related behaviours and O3+ animals displayed enhanced cognition. O3- mice displayed an elevated Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio and blunted systemic LPS responsiveness. Contrastingly, O3+ mice displayed greater fecal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus abundance and dampened HPA-axis activity. CONCLUSIONS Neurobehavioural development related to cognitive, anxiety and social behaviours, is highly dependent upon in utero and lifelong n-3 PUFA availability. In addition, neurobehavioural changes induced by altering n-3 PUFA status are closely associated with comprehensive alterations in gut microbiota composition, HPA-axis activity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruairi C Robertson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Clara Seira Oriach
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Kiera Murphy
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard M Moloney
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- School of Science Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Ireland.
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32
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A balance of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids is important in pregnancy. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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33
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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation during the pre and post-natal period: A meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized and semi-randomized controlled trials. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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34
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Harauma A, Sagisaka T, Horii T, Watanabe Y, Moriguchi T. The influence of n-3 fatty acids on maternal behavior and brain monoamines in the perinatal period. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 107:1-7. [PMID: 27033419 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to use n-3 fatty acid-deficient pregnant mice to assess maternal behavior in the perinatal period. Female mice were fed either an n-3 fatty acid-deficient (n-3 Def) or -adequate (n-3 Adq) diet for two generations. The nest score and volume of the n-3 Def dams were lower than those of the n-3 Adq dams. In the observation of the post-delivery conditions, 40% of the n-3 Def dams attacked their newborns or did not nurse them. The brain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels of the n-3 Def dams were lower than those of the n-3 Adq dams. In the hippocampus, moreover, positive correlations were observed between the DHA and the 5-HT or 5-HIAA, and a negative correlation was observed between the DHA and the DA. These results suggest that dietary n-3 fatty acids may normalize the development of maternal behavior and prevent postpartum depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Harauma
- Laboratory for Functional Analysis of Marine Materials, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sagisaka
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Science, Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Taku Horii
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Science, Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Watanabe
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Science, Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Toru Moriguchi
- Laboratory for Functional Analysis of Marine Materials, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan; Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Science, Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.
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Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on human brain morphology and function: What is the evidence? Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:546-61. [PMID: 26742901 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Public opinion and media coverage suggest that there are benefits of long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) intake on brain functioning. However, it is an open question whether this is indeed the case. Therefore, we reviewed the evidence for effects of ω-3 LC-PUFA on human brain morphology and function. We included studies on (1) naturalistic long-term ω-3 LC-PUFA intake during life (2) the effects of short-term ω-3 LC-PUFA supplementation in healthy subjects and (3) the effects of ω-3 LC-PUFA supplementation as alternative or add-on treatment for psychiatric or neurological disorders. To date, 24 studies have been published on the effect of ω-3 LC-PUFA on brain function and structure. Findings from naturalistic studies and clinical trials in healthy individuals indicate that ω-3 LC-PUFA intake may be associated with increased functional activation of the prefrontal cortex in children, and greater gray matter volume and white matter integrity during aging. However, most naturalistic studies were cross-sectional or did not find any effect on cognition. As such, it is hard to estimate the magnitude of any beneficial effects. Furthermore, there is only limited evidence to support that ω-3 LC-PUFA supplementation is beneficial in brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's Disease, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder and schizophrenia. Overall, the literature suggests that sensitivity to supplementation may vary over development, and as a consequence of brain disorders. The biological mechanisms underlying any (beneficial) effects ω-3 LC-PUFAs on the brain are currently unknown and need to be investigated.
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Essential role of docosahexaenoic acid towards development of a smarter brain. Neurochem Int 2015; 89:51-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Mitochondrial and Oxidative Stress Aspects in Hippocampus of Rats Submitted to Dietary n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Deficiency After Exposure to Early Stress. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1870-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Spector AA, Kim HY. Discovery of essential fatty acids. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:11-21. [PMID: 25339684 PMCID: PMC4274059 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r055095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fat was recognized as a good source of energy and fat-soluble vitamins by the first part of the 20th century, but fatty acids were not considered to be essential nutrients because they could be synthesized from dietary carbohydrate. This well-established view was challenged in 1929 by George and Mildred Burr who reported that dietary fatty acid was required to prevent a deficiency disease that occurred in rats fed a fat-free diet. They concluded that fatty acids were essential nutrients and showed that linoleic acid prevented the disease and is an essential fatty acid. The Burrs surmised that other unsaturated fatty acids were essential and subsequently demonstrated that linolenic acid, the omega-3 fatty acid analog of linoleic acid, is also an essential fatty acid. The discovery of essential fatty acids was a paradigm-changing finding, and it is now considered to be one of the landmark discoveries in lipid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A. Spector
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Hee-Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Zeng X, Hunsberger JG, Simeonov A, Malik N, Pei Y, Rao M. Concise review: modeling central nervous system diseases using induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:1418-28. [PMID: 25368377 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer an opportunity to delve into the mechanisms underlying development while also affording the potential to take advantage of a number of naturally occurring mutations that contribute to either disease susceptibility or resistance. Just as with any new field, several models of screening are being explored, and innovators are working on the most efficient methods to overcome the inherent limitations of primary cell screens using iPSCs. In the present review, we provide a background regarding why iPSCs represent a paradigm shift for central nervous system (CNS) disease modeling. We describe the efforts in the field to develop more biologically relevant CNS disease models, which should provide screening assays useful for the pharmaceutical industry. We also provide some examples of successful uses for iPSC-based screens and suggest that additional development could revolutionize the field of drug discovery. The development and implementation of these advanced iPSC-based screens will create a more efficient disease-specific process underpinned by the biological mechanism in a patient- and disease-specific manner rather than by trial-and-error. Moreover, with careful and strategic planning, shared resources can be developed that will enable exponential advances in the field. This will undoubtedly lead to more sensitive and accurate screens for early diagnosis and allow the identification of patient-specific therapies, thus, paving the way to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmin Zeng
- XCell Science Inc., Novato, California, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA; Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, NIH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joshua G Hunsberger
- XCell Science Inc., Novato, California, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA; Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, NIH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- XCell Science Inc., Novato, California, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA; Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, NIH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nasir Malik
- XCell Science Inc., Novato, California, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA; Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, NIH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ying Pei
- XCell Science Inc., Novato, California, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA; Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, NIH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mahendra Rao
- XCell Science Inc., Novato, California, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA; Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, NIH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York, USA
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Gould JF, Makrides M, Colombo J, Smithers LG. Randomized controlled trial of maternal omega-3 long-chain PUFA supplementation during pregnancy and early childhood development of attention, working memory, and inhibitory control. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99:851-9. [PMID: 24522442 PMCID: PMC3953882 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.069203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) accumulates in the hippocampus and frontal lobes of the fetal brain during the last trimester of pregnancy. These areas of the brain contribute to attention and working memory and inhibitory control (WMIC). OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effect of maternal omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy on child attention and WMIC. DESIGN A total of 185 term-born children of mothers who were randomly allocated to consume 800 mg DHA/d (treatment) or a placebo (control) from ∼20 wk of gestation until birth were assessed with multiple measures of attention and WMIC at a mean (± SD) of 27 ± 2 mo. Primary outcomes were the average time it took to be distracted when playing with a toy (distractibility) and the accuracy of remembering a new hiding location while inhibiting a learned response to search in the previous location (WMIC). RESULTS Assessments were completed by 81 children in the treatment group (mean ± SD age: 835 ± 50.4 d) and 77 children in the control group (839 ± 65.6 d). There was no effect of supplementation on primary outcomes [distractibility mean difference: -0.2 s (95% CI: -0.7, 0.4 s); WMIC mean difference: 8.9 mm (95% CI: -10.6, 28.3 mm)]. There was no difference between DHA-supplemented and control groups except that treatment-group children looked away from the toys fewer times than controls when presented with multiple toys competing for attention but less accurately remembered a repeated hiding location. These secondary effects were not consistent with any other outcomes and may have been a result of chance. Cord plasma DHA was not consistently associated with attention and WMIC. CONCLUSION Maternal DHA supplementation during pregnancy does not enhance attention or WMIC in term-born preschoolers. The DHA for Maternal and Infant Outcomes trial was registered at www.anzctr.org.au as ACTRN1260500056906.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline F Gould
- Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia (JFG and MM); the Disciplines of Paediatrics (JFG and MM) and Public Health (LGS), the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia (MM); and the Schiefelbusch Institute for Life Span Studies and Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS (JC)
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Begum G, Harvey L, Dixon CE, Sun D. ER stress and effects of DHA as an ER stress inhibitor. Transl Stroke Res 2013; 4:635-42. [PMID: 24323417 PMCID: PMC3864671 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-013-0282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of newly synthesized transmembrane and secretory proteins. The ER also has important roles in the storage of intracellular Ca(2+) and regulation of Ca(2+) homeostasis. The integrity of the Ca(2+) homeostasis in the ER lumen is vital for proper folding of proteins. Dysregulation of ER Ca(2+) could result in an increase in unfolded or misfolded proteins and ER stress. ER stress triggers activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is a fundamentally adaptive cell response and functions as a cytoprotective mechanism by over-expression of relevant chaperones and the global shutdown of protein synthesis. UPR activation occurs when three key ER membrane-sensor proteins detect an accumulation of aberrant proteins. The UPR acts to alleviate ER stress, but if the stress is too severe or prolonged, apoptosis will be triggered. In this review, we focused on ER stress and the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on ER stress. DHA and its bioactive compounds, such as protectins and resolvins, provide neuroprotection against oxidative stress and apoptosis and have the ability to resolve inflammation in neurological diseases. New studies reveal that DHA blocks inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-mediated ER Ca(2+) depletion and ER stress. The administration of DHA post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) reduces ER stress, aberrant protein accumulation, and neurological deficits. Therefore, DHA presents therapeutic potentials for TBI via its pleiotropic effects including inhibition of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnaz Begum
- Dept. of Neurology, Brain Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Lloyd Harvey
- Dept. of Neurology, Brain Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - C. Edward Dixon
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, Brain Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Dandan Sun
- Dept. of Neurology, Brain Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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Ahmad A, Momenan R, van Gelderen P, Moriguchi T, Greiner RS, Salem N. Gray and White Matter Brain Volume in Aged Rats Raised onn-3 Fatty Acid Deficient Diets. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 7:13-20. [PMID: 15085554 DOI: 10.1080/1028415042000202009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 or n-3 fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid, are important structural lipids in the brain. Their deficiency leads to a number of sensory, cognitive and behavioral effects. In previous studies, we showed that n-3 deficiency led to a decrease in the neuronal size of a number of brain regions in young rats. In particular, the neuronal size in the hippocampus CA1-CA3 layers decreased with a slight increase in the volumes of these layers. Therefore, we asked whether fatty acid deficiency could affect rat brain morphology in older animals. To address this question, we carried out gross morphological analysis using Magnetic Resonance Imaging on the gray and white matter volumes of brains in older rats (> 15 months) that were raised on n-3 deficient diets for three generations. We did not detect any differences in the total or regional gray and white matter volumes of brains of old rats maintained on a n-3 deficient or supplemented diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneeq Ahmad
- Section of Nutritional Neuroscience, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institutes on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, USA
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Jiang LH, Yan S, Wang J, Liang QY. Oral administration of docosahexaenoic acid activates the GDNF-MAPK-CERB pathway in hippocampus of natural aged rat. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:1188-95. [PMID: 23767459 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.784341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is one of the critical fatty acids for optimal health, which affect the expression of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in brain. OBJECTIVE This study investigates whether DHA supplementation affects lipid peroxidation and activates the glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK pathway) in hippocampus of natural aged rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were randomly divided into four groups; DHA was orally administered at 80 and 160 mg/kg/day to 24-month female rats for 50 days. The antioxidant parameters and GDNF-GDNF family receptor α-1 (GFRα1)-tyrosine-protein kinase receptor (RET)-MAPK-cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CERB) pathway were assayed in natural aged rat's hippocampus. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results demonstrated that DHA supplementation significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 37.39 and 57.69%, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) by 27.62 and 32.57% decreased TBARS level by 28.49 and 49.05%, respectively, but did not significantly affect catalase (CAT), in hippocampus, when compared with the aged group. DHA supplementation in diet resulted in an increase of DHA level in hippocampus. Furthermore, we found that DHA supplementation markedly increased the levels of GDNF and GFRα1 and the phosphorylation of RET, and led to the activation of the MAPK pathway in hippocampus tissue. CONCLUSION DHA supplementation can change fatty acids composition, improve antioxidant parameters and activate the GDNF-MAPK pathway in natural aged rat's hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-He Jiang
- Division of Development and Planning, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R. China.
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Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the optimal dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios that regulate lipid metabolism and inflammation in pigs. A total of ninety-six cross-bred (Large White × Landrace) growing-finishing pigs (73·8 (SEM 1·6) kg) were chosen and fed one of the four isoenergetic diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 1:1, 2·5:1, 5:1 and 10:1. The growth performance of pigs fed the diet with an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 5:1 was the best, but the group fed the diet with an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 1:1 had the highest muscle mass and the lowest adipose tissue mass (P< 0·05). The concentrations of IL-6 and IL-1β of pigs fed the diet with an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 1:1 were decreased compared with those of the other groups (P< 0·05). The concentration of adiponectin of pigs fed the diet with an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 1:1 was also markedly decreased, but the concentration of leptin was increased compared with that of the groups fed the diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 5:1 and 10:1 (P< 0·05). Additionally, the optimal dietary ratios of n-6:n-3 PUFA of 1:1 and 5:1 markedly suppressed the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes and proteins such as phosphoinositide-3-kinase-α, fatty acid transport protein-1 and PPARγ. They also significantly suppressed the expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6. The results indicated that the optimal n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 1:1 and 5:1 exerted beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and inflammatory system, leading to the availability of more energy and nutrients for high performance and homeostatic pathways.
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Jurdak N, Lichtenstein AH, Kanarek RB. Diet-induced obesity and spatial cognition in young male rats. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 11:48-54. [DOI: 10.1179/147683008x301333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ferreira CF, Bernardi JR, Krolow R, Arcego DM, Fries GR, de Aguiar BW, Senter G, Kapczinski FP, Silveira PP, Dalmaz C. Vulnerability to dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency after exposure to early stress in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 107:11-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Hasadsri L, Wang BH, Lee JV, Erdman JW, Llano DA, Barbey AK, Wszalek T, Sharrock MF, Wang H(J. Omega-3 Fatty Acids as a Putative Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2013; 30:897-906. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2012.2672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hasadsri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Bonnie H. Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - James V. Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - John W. Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Daniel A. Llano
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Aron K. Barbey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Tracey Wszalek
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Matthew F. Sharrock
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Huan (John) Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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Jump DB, Depner CM, Tripathy S. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and cardiovascular disease. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:2525-45. [PMID: 22904344 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r027904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies on Greenland Inuits in the 1970s and subsequent human studies have established an inverse relationship between the ingestion of omega-3 fatty acids [C(20-22) ω 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)], blood levels of C(20-22) ω 3 PUFA, and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). C(20-22) ω 3 PUFA have pleiotropic effects on cell function and regulate multiple pathways controlling blood lipids, inflammatory factors, and cellular events in cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelial cells. The hypolipemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arrhythmic properties of these fatty acids confer cardioprotection. Accordingly, national heart associations and government agencies have recommended increased consumption of fatty fish or ω 3 PUFA supplements to prevent CVD. In addition to fatty fish, sources of ω 3 PUFA are available from plants, algae, and yeast. A key question examined in this review is whether nonfish sources of ω 3 PUFA are as effective as fatty fish-derived C(20-22) ω 3 PUFA at managing risk factors linked to CVD. We focused on ω 3 PUFA metabolism and the capacity of ω 3 PUFA supplements to regulate key cellular events linked to CVD. The outcome of our analysis reveals that nonfish sources of ω 3 PUFA vary in their capacity to regulate blood levels of C(20-22) ω 3 PUFA and CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald B Jump
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, The Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Moranis A, Delpech JC, De Smedt-Peyrusse V, Aubert A, Guesnet P, Lavialle M, Joffre C, Layé S. Long term adequate n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet protects from depressive-like behavior but not from working memory disruption and brain cytokine expression in aged mice. Brain Behav Immun 2012; 26:721-31. [PMID: 22085587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Converging epidemiological studies suggest that dietary essential n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of mood and cognitive disorders linked to aging. The question arises as to whether the decreased prevalence of these symptoms in the elderly with high n-3 PUFA consumption is also associated with improved central inflammation, i.e. cytokine activation, in the brain. To answer this, we measured memory performance and emotional behavior as well as cytokine synthesis and PUFA level in the spleen and the cortex of adult and aged mice submitted to a diet with an adequate supply of n-3 PUFA in form of α-linolenic acid (α-LNA) or a n-3 deficient diet. Our results show that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the main n-3 PUFA in the brain, was higher in the spleen and cortex of n-3 adequate mice relative to n-3 deficient mice and this difference was maintained throughout life. Interestingly, high level of brain DHA was associated with a decrease in depressive-like symptoms throughout aging. On the opposite, spatial memory was maintained in adult but not in aged n-3 adequate mice relative to n-3 deficient mice. Furthermore, increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) and decreased IL-10 expression were found in the cortex of aged mice independently of the diets. All together, our results suggest that n-3 PUFA dietary supply in the form of α-LNA is sufficient to protect from deficits in emotional behavior but not from memory disruption and brain proinflammatory cytokine expression linked to age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Moranis
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA 1286, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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Yu M, Benham A, Logan S, Brush RS, Mandal MNA, Anderson RE, Agbaga MP. ELOVL4 protein preferentially elongates 20:5n3 to very long chain PUFAs over 20:4n6 and 22:6n3. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:494-504. [PMID: 22158834 PMCID: PMC3276472 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m021386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that reduction/loss of very long chain PUFAs (VLC-PUFAs) due to mutations in the ELOngase of very long chain fatty acid-4 (ELOVL4) protein contributes to retinal degeneration in autosomal dominant Stargardt-like macular dystrophy (STGD3) and age-related macular degeneration; hence, increasing VLC-PUFA in the retina of these patients could provide some therapeutic benefits. Thus, we tested the efficiency of elongation of C20-C22 PUFA by the ELOVL4 protein to determine which substrates are the best precursors for biosynthesis of VLC-PUFA. The ELOVL4 protein was expressed in pheochromocytoma cells, while green fluorescent protein-expressing and nontransduced cells served as controls. The cells were treated with 20:5n3, 22:6n3, and 20:4n6, either individually or in equal combinations. Both transduced and control cells internalized and elongated the supplemented FAs to C22-C26 precursors. Only ELOVL4-expressing cells synthesized C28-C38 VLC-PUFA from these precursors. In general, 20:5n3 was more efficiently elongated to VLC-PUFA in the ELOVL4-expressing cells, regardless of whether it was in combination with 22:6n3 or with 20:4n6. In each FA treatment group, C34 and C36 VLC-PUFAs were the predominant VLC-PUFAs in the ELOVL4-expressing cells. In summary, 20:5n3, followed by 20:4n6, seems to be the best precursor for boosting the synthesis of VLC-PUFA by ELOVL4 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; Ophthalmic Laboratories and Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, P. R. China
| | - Aaron Benham
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK; and
| | - Sreemathi Logan
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK; and
| | - R Steven Brush
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK; and
| | - Md Nawajes A Mandal
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK; and
| | - Robert E Anderson
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK; and
| | - Martin-Paul Agbaga
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK; and.
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