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Johnson EC, Sanchez-Roige S, Acion L, Adams MJ, Bucholz KK, Chan G, Chao MJ, Chorlian DB, Dick DM, Edenberg HJ, Foroud T, Hayward C, Heron J, Hesselbrock V, Hickman M, Kendler KS, Kinreich S, Kramer J, Kuo SIC, Kuperman S, Lai D, McIntosh AM, Meyers JL, Plawecki MH, Porjesz B, Porteous D, Schuckit MA, Su J, Zang Y, Palmer AA, Agrawal A, Clarke TK, Edwards AC. Polygenic contributions to alcohol use and alcohol use disorders across population-based and clinically ascertained samples. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1147-1156. [PMID: 31955720 PMCID: PMC7405725 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719004045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorders have distinct genetic backgrounds. METHODS We examined whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) for consumption and problem subscales of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C, AUDIT-P) in the UK Biobank (UKB; N = 121 630) correlate with alcohol outcomes in four independent samples: an ascertained cohort, the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA; N = 6850), and population-based cohorts: Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; N = 5911), Generation Scotland (GS; N = 17 461), and an independent subset of UKB (N = 245 947). Regression models and survival analyses tested whether the PRS were associated with the alcohol-related outcomes. RESULTS In COGA, AUDIT-P PRS was associated with alcohol dependence, AUD symptom count, maximum drinks (R2 = 0.47-0.68%, p = 2.0 × 10-8-1.0 × 10-10), and increased likelihood of onset of alcohol dependence (hazard ratio = 1.15, p = 4.7 × 10-8); AUDIT-C PRS was not an independent predictor of any phenotype. In ALSPAC, the AUDIT-C PRS was associated with alcohol dependence (R2 = 0.96%, p = 4.8 × 10-6). In GS, AUDIT-C PRS was a better predictor of weekly alcohol use (R2 = 0.27%, p = 5.5 × 10-11), while AUDIT-P PRS was more associated with problem drinking (R2 = 0.40%, p = 9.0 × 10-7). Lastly, AUDIT-P PRS was associated with ICD-based alcohol-related disorders in the UKB subset (R2 = 0.18%, p < 2.0 × 10-16). CONCLUSIONS AUDIT-P PRS was associated with a range of alcohol-related phenotypes across population-based and ascertained cohorts, while AUDIT-C PRS showed less utility in the ascertained cohort. We show that AUDIT-P is genetically correlated with both use and misuse and demonstrate the influence of ascertainment schemes on PRS analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laura Acion
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark J Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Michael J Chao
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David B Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry, Suny Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, UK
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Matthew Hickman
- University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, UK
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry, Suny Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry, Suny Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Martin H Plawecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry, Suny Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - David Porteous
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jinni Su
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yong Zang
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Toni-Kim Clarke
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alexis C Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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Marques A, Loureiro N, Avelar-Rosa B, Naia A, Matos MGD. Adolescents' healthy lifestyle. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2020; 96:217-224. [PMID: 30393010 PMCID: PMC9432147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using a wide and representative sample of adolescents from 37 countries, this study aimed to analyze how age changes adolescents' healthy lifestyle. METHODS The study included 148,839 adolescents who participated in the Health Behavior in School-aged Children 2010 survey. A composite score of a healthy lifestyle was created using the combination of daily physical activity, daily fruit and vegetable consumption, <2h daily on screen-based behaviors, abstinence from alcohol, and abstinence from tobacco products. Healthy lifestyle measures were based on self-report. RESULTS 4.7% of boys and 4.4% of girls aged 11 years, 3% of boys and 2% of girls aged 13 years, and 1.5% of boys and 0.8% of girls aged 15 scored perfectly on the healthy lifestyle score. As age increased, the prevalence of adolescents with a healthy lifestyle decreased. In 37 countries and regions, the prevalence of healthy behaviors decreased linearly between early adolescence and the age of 15 years. CONCLUSIONS In general, adolescents do not have a healthy lifestyle. Results from this study highlight that there is still much work to be done in promoting healthy lifestyles and to raise awareness among adolescents of the potential risk to their health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Marques
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Centro Interdisciplinar do Estudo da Performance Humana, Lisbon, Portugal; Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Lisbon, Portugal; Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Loureiro
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto Politécnico de Beja, Escola Superior de Educação, Beja, Portugal
| | - Bruno Avelar-Rosa
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Lisbon, Portugal; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Ana Naia
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Lisbon, Portugal; Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, Centro de Investigação em Arquitetura, Urbanismo e Design (CIAUD), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Gaspar de Matos
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Lisbon, Portugal; Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Lisbon, Portugal
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Rosén M, Haglund B. Follow-up of an age-period-cohort analysis on alcohol-related mortality trends in Sweden 1970-2015 with predictions to 2025. Scand J Public Health 2018; 47:446-451. [PMID: 29334866 DOI: 10.1177/1403494817752521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several studies have indicated that birth cohorts are important in explaining trends in alcohol-related mortality. An earlier study from Sweden with data up to 2002 showed that birth cohorts that grew up under periods of more liberal alcohol policies had higher alcohol-related mortality than those cohorts growing up under more restrictive time periods. In spite of increasing alcohol consumption, predictions in 2002 also indicated lower alcohol-related mortality in the future. The aim of this study is to follow-up whether the effects of birth cohorts and the predictions made for Sweden still holds using data up to 2015. METHOD The study comprised an age-period-cohort analysis and predictions based on population predictions from Statistics Sweden. The analysis was based on all alcohol-related deaths in the Swedish population between 1969 and 2015 for the cohorts born in the decades 1920 through 1990. Data were restricted to people 15-84 years of age. In total, the analysis covered 68,341 deaths and more than 284 million person-years. RESULTS Male and female cohorts born in the 1940s to 1950s exhibited the highest alcohol-related mortality, while those born in the 1970s continued to have the lowest alcohol-related mortality rates. The predicted mortality rates for males are still anticipated to decrease somewhat through 2025. CONCLUSIONS The updated age-period-cohort analysis further supports the importance of focusing on restrictive alcohol policies targeting adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Måns Rosén
- 1 Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Bengt Haglund
- 2 Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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Abstract
Objective: Using data from a prospective birth-to-maturity project, the study presents normally occurring variations in alcohol involvement of alcohol-related problems among a representative cohort of Swedish males in young middle age, born in a Swedish metropolitan area (n=106). Methods: Description and classification were based on an analysis of self-reported information (collected at about 36 years of age) about frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption (four-week timeline), self-reported alcohol-related symptoms, and registry data. Results: According to a broad, operationally defined classification of ``harmful drinking'' (at least three alcohol-related symptoms, including alcohol-related crimes), 43 subjects (41%) had experienced a substantial drinking problem during their lifetime, to an extent that might warrant labels such as ``alcoholism'' or ``hazardous drinking''. About one-third of these misusers were currently using other drugs. Of the 106 subjects, 80 (75%) reported having had at least one alcohol-related symptom or problem at some time during their life. Taking various life events into account, including sociomedical circumstances and heavy consumption at 18 and 25 years, 23 subjects (22%) were classified as having a lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse/dependence according to DSM-III criteria. Conclusion: Problem drinking was largely unknown to the healthcare system and only a few subjects had received treatment. The results are discussed in the light of data from other national and international epidemiological surveys.
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Scott JL, Brown AC, Phair JK, Westland JN, Schüz B. Self-affirmation, intentions and alcohol consumption in students: a randomized exploratory trial. Alcohol Alcohol 2013; 48:458-63. [PMID: 23543092 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agt027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study tests whether enhancing alcohol risk messages with self-affirmation, the process of focusing on cherished aspects of oneself, increases intentions to reduce alcohol consumption and reduces actual alcohol consumption. It was also examined whether these effects differed by risk status as indicated by standard drinks consumed in an average week. METHODS Participants (n = 121) were randomly allocated to a self-affirmation or matched control condition before viewing emotive graphic alcohol warning posters in a questionnaire-based study. RESULTS There were significant increases in intentions to reduce alcohol consumption in self-affirmed participants, and these effects were stronger in participants with higher behavioural risk. Intentions in turn significantly predicted a reduction in self-reported alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the use of self-affirmation to enhance alcohol awareness campaigns, particularly in individuals with high behavioural risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenn L Scott
- School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 30, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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McCambridge J, McAlaney J, Rowe R. Adult consequences of late adolescent alcohol consumption: a systematic review of cohort studies. PLoS Med 2011; 8:e1000413. [PMID: 21346802 PMCID: PMC3035611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although important to public policy, there have been no rigorous evidence syntheses of the long-term consequences of late adolescent drinking. METHODS AND FINDINGS This systematic review summarises evidence from general population cohort studies of drinking between 15-19 years old and any subsequent outcomes aged 20 or greater, with at least 3 years of follow-up study. Fifty-four studies were included, of which 35 were assessed to be vulnerable to bias and/or confounding. The principal findings are: (1) There is consistent evidence that higher alcohol consumption in late adolescence continues into adulthood and is also associated with alcohol problems including dependence; (2) Although a number of studies suggest links to adult physical and mental health and social consequences, existing evidence is of insufficient quality to warrant causal inferences at this stage. CONCLUSIONS There is an urgent need for high quality long-term prospective cohort studies in order to better understand the public health burden that is consequent on late adolescent drinking, both in relation to adult drinking and more broadly. Reducing drinking during late adolescence is likely to be important for preventing long-term adverse consequences as well as protecting against more immediate harms. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim McCambridge
- Centre for Research on Drugs & Health Behaviour, Department of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
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