1
|
Bista S, Tait RJ, Straker LM, Lin A, Steinbeck K, Graham PL, Kang M, Lymer S, Robinson M, Marino JL, Skinner SR. Joint developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems from mid-childhood to late adolescence and childhood risk factors: Findings from a prospective pre-birth cohort. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38174409 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
There is limited evidence on heterogenous co-developmental trajectories of internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) problems from childhood to adolescence and predictors of these joint trajectories. We utilized longitudinal data from Raine Study participants (n = 2393) to identify these joint trajectories from 5 to 17 years using parallel-process latent class growth analysis and analyze childhood individual and family risk factors predicting these joint trajectories using multinomial logistic regression. Five trajectory classes were identified: Low-problems (Low-INT/Low-EXT, 29%), Moderate Externalizing (Moderate-EXT/Low-INT, 26.5%), Primary Internalizing (Moderate High-INT/Low-EXT, 17.5%), Co-occurring (High-INT/High-EXT, 17%), High Co-occurring (Very High-EXT/High-INT, 10%). Children classified in Co-occurring and High Co-occurring trajectories (27% of the sample) exhibited clinically meaningful co-occurring problem behaviors and experienced more adverse childhood risk-factors than other three trajectories. Compared with Low-problems: parental marital problems, low family income, and absent father predicted Co-occurring and High Co-occurring trajectories; maternal mental health problems commonly predicted Primary Internalizing, Co-occurring, and High Co-occurring trajectories; male sex and parental tobacco-smoking uniquely predicted High Co-occurring membership; other substance smoking uniquely predicted Co-occurring membership; speech difficulty uniquely predicted Primary Internalizing membership; child's temper-tantrums predicted all four trajectories, with increased odds ratios for High Co-occurring (OR = 8.95) and Co-occurring (OR = 6.07). Finding two co-occurring trajectories emphasizes the importance of early childhood interventions addressing comorbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Bista
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert J Tait
- National Drug Research Institute & enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Katharine Steinbeck
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Petra L Graham
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Melissa Kang
- General Practice Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharyn Lymer
- Biostatistics Consultant, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Monique Robinson
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Marino
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - S Rachel Skinner
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang H, Wang Y, Wang G, Wilson A, Jin T, Zhu L, Yu R, Wang S, Yin W, Song H, Li S, Jia Q, Zhang X, Yang Y. Structural family factors and bullying at school: a large scale investigation based on a Chinese adolescent sample. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2249. [PMID: 34895204 PMCID: PMC8665508 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Various family factors have been identified in association with school bullying and the involvement of children and adolescents in bullying behaviors. Methods A total of 11,919 participants (female = 6671, mean age = 15) from 22 middle schools in Suzhou City, China completed the questionnaire. The associations between structural family factors (family socio-economic status, living arrangement, number of siblings, whether they were local residents/migrants, had an urban/rural hukou [a household registration system in China], parental and maternal education levels, and other various bullying-related constructs (i.e. bullying witnessing, bullying involvement, bystander intervention, and fear of being bullied) were all examined. Odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for covariates were calculated for the four bullying-related constructs (bullying witness, bullying involvement, bystander intervention, and reactions to being bullied) using structural family factors. Results The result showed that all demographic household characteristics were associated with bullying at school except for being from a single-child family. Adolescents from rural families witnessed more bullying incidents than those from local families (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: [1.09, 1.68]). Adolescents who come from migrant families (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: [1.07, 1.43]) with a rural hukou (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: [1.00, 1.74]) and low parental education levels (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: [1.01, 2.57]) were more likely to be bullies. Adolescents who came from migrant families (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: [1.03, 1.82]), with low maternal education levels (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: [1.06, 1.91]) engaged in more negative bystander intervention behaviors. Furthermore, adolescents with less educated mothers experienced a higher fear of being bullied (never versus sometimes: OR = 1.33, 95% CI: [1.00, 1.85]; never versus usually OR = 1.39, 95% CI: [1.01, 1.20]). Conclusions A systematic examination of the relationship between school bullying and demographic household characteristics may be used to inform school policies on bullying, such as training management on the importance of paying attention to adolescents from disadvantage household backgrounds. Identifying demographic factors that may predict bullying can also be used to prevent individuals from becoming involved in bullying and reduce the related negative consequences from being bullied. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-12367-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- Dalian Seventh People's Hospital, 179# Lingshui Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Guosheng Wang
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, 11# Guangqian Road, Suzhou, 215137, China
| | - Amanda Wilson
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Tingting Jin
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, 11# Guangqian Road, Suzhou, 215137, China
| | - Longjun Zhu
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, 11# Guangqian Road, Suzhou, 215137, China
| | - Renjie Yu
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, 11# Guangqian Road, Suzhou, 215137, China
| | - Shuilan Wang
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, 11# Guangqian Road, Suzhou, 215137, China
| | - Weijia Yin
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, 11# Guangqian Road, Suzhou, 215137, China
| | - Huihui Song
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, 11# Guangqian Road, Suzhou, 215137, China
| | - Shun Li
- Suzhou No.1 High School of Jiangsu Province, , 279# Gongyuan Road, Suzhou, 215011, China
| | - Qiufang Jia
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, 11# Guangqian Road, Suzhou, 215137, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, 11# Guangqian Road, Suzhou, 215137, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, 11# Guangqian Road, Suzhou, 215137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Factors Associated with Mental Health Problems among Malaysian Children: A Large Population-Based Study. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8020119. [PMID: 33562212 PMCID: PMC7914472 DOI: 10.3390/children8020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Mental health problems are a major public health issue, particularly among children. They impair children’s development, academic achievement, and ability to live a productive life. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with mental health problems among children aged 5 to 15 years old in Malaysia. Data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2015 were analyzed. A validated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used. The overall prevalence of mental health problems among children in Malaysia was 11.1%. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that for every year increment in age, mental health problems decreased by 5%. Further analysis found that children who had fathers with a non-formal education and worked in the private sector, had parents who were widowed or divorced, and had either parent with mental health problems were more likely to have mental health problems themselves. Children from the lower socioeconomic group and who had either parent with mental health problems had higher odds of having mental health problems in Malaysia.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ramphal B, Whalen DJ, Kenley JK, Yu Q, Smyser CD, Rogers CE, Sylvester CM. Brain connectivity and socioeconomic status at birth and externalizing symptoms at age 2 years. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 45:100811. [PMID: 32823180 PMCID: PMC7451824 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low childhood socioeconomic status (SES) predisposes individuals to altered trajectories of brain development and increased rates of mental illness. Brain connectivity at birth is associated with psychiatric outcomes. We sought to investigate whether SES at birth is associated with neonatal brain connectivity and if these differences account for socioeconomic disparities in infant symptoms at age 2 years that are predictive of psychopathology. Resting state functional MRI was performed on 75 full-term and 37 term-equivalent preterm newborns (n = 112). SES was characterized by insurance type, the Area Deprivation Index, and a composite score. Seed-based voxelwise linear regression related SES to whole-brain functional connectivity of five brain regions representing functional networks implicated in psychiatric illnesses and affected by socioeconomic disadvantage: striatum, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Lower SES was associated with differences in striatum and vlPFC connectivity. Striatum connectivity with frontopolar and medial PFC mediated the relationship between SES and behavioral inhibition at age 2 measured by the Infant-Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (n = 46). Striatum-frontopolar connectivity mediated the relationship between SES and externalizing symptoms. These results, convergent across three SES metrics, suggest that neurodevelopmental trajectories linking SES and mental illness may begin as early as birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Ramphal
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Diana J Whalen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jeanette K Kenley
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Qiongru Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Christopher D Smyser
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ugarte E, Narea M, Aldoney D, Weissman DG, Hastings PD. Family Risk and Externalizing Problems in Chilean Children: Mediation by Harsh Parenting and Emotional Support. Child Dev 2020; 92:871-888. [DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marigen Narea
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados sobre Justicia Educacional
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Anand KJS, Rigdon J, Rovnaghi CR, Qin F, Tembulkar S, Bush N, LeWinn K, Tylavsky FA, Davis R, Barr DA, Gotlib IH. Measuring socioeconomic adversity in early life. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:1267-1277. [PMID: 30614554 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Early life adversity leads to enduring effects on physical and mental health, school performance and other outcomes. We sought to identify potentially modifiable factors associated with socioeconomic adversity in early life. METHODS We enrolled 1503 pregnant women aged 16-40 years, without pregnancy complications or pre-existing conditions from Shelby County, Tennessee. Social, familial and economic variables were analysed using principal components (PCs) analyses to generate the Socioeconomic Adversity Index (SAI). This was replicated using the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). Health and social outcomes were compared across the quintile groups defined by SAI values at the county, state and national levels. RESULTS Significant differences occurred across the SAI Quintile-1 to Quintile-5 groups in marital status, household structure, annual income, education and health insurance. Significantly worse health and social outcomes occurred in the lower versus higher SAI quintiles, including maternal depression, parental incarceration, child's birthweight and potential for child abuse. Maternal age and race also differed significantly across the SAI quintiles. CONCLUSION Modifiable factors contributing to socioeconomic adversity in early life included marital status, household structure, annual income, education and health insurance. Those exposed to greater socioeconomic adversity as defined by SAI values had significantly worse maternal and child outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanwaljeet J. S. Anand
- Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
- Pain/Stress Neurobiology Lab Women& Child Health Research Institute Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | - Joseph Rigdon
- Quantitative Sciences Unit Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | - Cynthia R. Rovnaghi
- Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
- Pain/Stress Neurobiology Lab Women& Child Health Research Institute Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | - FeiFei Qin
- Quantitative Sciences Unit Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | - Sahil Tembulkar
- Pain/Stress Neurobiology Lab Women& Child Health Research Institute Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | - Nicole Bush
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics University of California San Francisco CA USA
| | - Kaja LeWinn
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics University of California San Francisco CA USA
| | - Frances A. Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center (UTHSC) Memphis TN USA
| | - Robert Davis
- Department of Pediatrics University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center (UTHSC) Memphis TN USA
| | - Donald A. Barr
- Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | - Ian H. Gotlib
- Department of Psychology Stanford University School of Humanities& Sciences San Francisco CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Murry VM, Lippold MA. Parenting Practices in Diverse Family Structures: Examination of Adolescents' Development and Adjustment. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2018; 28:650-664. [PMID: 30515943 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This article explored the implications of diverse family structures on adolescents' adjustment, with an emphasis on whether and, if so, how diverse family structures influence and predict developmental outcomes. Family relationships within the family unit are a stronger predictor of adolescents' development than the particular family structure. Transitions in families that result in notable reductions in effective parenting practices and economic well-being will negatively affect youth, regardless of family structure. Family processes that promote optimal growth and development among youth in traditional two-parent, heterosexual households work similarly for those growing up in nontraditional family structures. A conceptual model to advance this field of research is offered, and implications for research and policy are discussed.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zalot AA, Jones DJ, Forehand R, Brody G. Self-Regulation and Conduct Problems Among Low-Income African American Youth From Single-Mother Homes: The Roles of Perceived Neighborhood Context and Child Gender. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798407302569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines perceived neighborhood context and gender as moderators of the relation between self-regulation and conduct problems among low-income African American youth (7 to 15 years old; 50% girls) from single-mother homes. Mother-child dyads (N = 277) provided ratings of self-regulation, neighborhood resources and risks, and aggression and other conduct problems. Analyses revealed a significant three-way interaction among self-regulation, neighborhood context, and gender. Neighborhoods lower in resources and higher in risks exacerbated the link between poor self-regulation and aggression and conduct problems for girls, but not for boys. Clinical implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Teel KS, Verdeli H, Wickramaratne P, Warner V, Vousoura E, Haroz EE, Talati A. Impact of a Father Figure's Presence in the Household on Children's Psychiatric Diagnoses and Functioning in Families at High Risk for Depression. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2016; 25:588-597. [PMID: 29056837 PMCID: PMC5648344 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-015-0239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The consequences of living in single-parent households on children's wellbeing are well documented, but less is known about the impact of living in single-mother households among children with high familial risk for depression. Utilizing data from an ongoing three-generation study of high-risk families, this preliminary study examined a sample of 161 grandchildren of probands diagnosed with major depressive disorder, comparing those in single-parent households to those in dual-parent households with household status defined as the full-time presence of a resident male in the home. High-risk children were compared across households in terms of psychiatric diagnoses (measured by Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children; K-SADS-PL) and global functioning (assessed by Global Assessment Scale, child version; C-GAS). Results indicated that high-risk children in single-parent households had 4.7 times greater odds for developing a mood disorder and had significantly lower mean C-GAS scores (p = 0.01) compared to those in dual-parent households. Differences remained significant when controlling for household income, child's age, and either parent's depression status. There were no significant differences between high-risk children across households when household status was instead defined as legal marital status. This study has several limitations: sample size was small, pro-bands were recruited from a clinical population, and participants had not passed completely through the period of risk for adult psychiatric disorders. These findings point towards the importance of identifying and closely monitoring children at risk for depression, particularly if they reside in households without a resident father figure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Shoum Teel
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Helen Verdeli
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Priya Wickramaratne
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Virginia Warner
- Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eleni Vousoura
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Emily E Haroz
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ardesheer Talati
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Antoniou EE, Fowler T, Reed K, Southwood TR, McCleery JP, Zeegers MP. Maternal pre-pregnancy weight and externalising behaviour problems in preschool children: a UK-based twin study. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005974. [PMID: 25314961 PMCID: PMC4202011 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the heritability of child behaviour problems and investigate the association between maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and child behaviour problems in a genetically sensitive design. DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study. SETTING The Twins and Multiple Births Association Heritability Study (TAMBAHS) is an online UK-wide volunteer-based study investigating the development of twins from birth until 5 years of age. PARTICIPANTS A total of 443 (16% of the initial registered members) mothers answered questions on pre-pregnancy weight and their twins' internalising and externalising problems using the Child Behavior Checklist and correcting for important covariates including gestational age, twins' birth weight, age and sex, mother's educational level and smoking (before, during and after pregnancy). PRIMARY OUTCOMES The heritability of behaviour problems and their association with maternal pre-pregnancy weight. RESULTS The genetic analysis suggested that genetic and common environmental factors account for most of the variation in externalising disorders (an ACE model was the most parsimonious with genetic factors (A) explaining 46% (95% CI 33% to 60%) of the variance, common environment (C) explaining 42% (95% CI 27% to 54%) and non-shared environmental factors (E) explaining 13% (95% CI 10% to 16%) of the variance. For internalising problems, a CE model was the most parsimonious model with the common environment explaining 51% (95% CI 44% to 58%) of the variance and non-shared environment explaining 49% (95% CI 42% to 56%) of the variance. Moreover, the regression analysis results suggested that children of overweight mothers showed a trend (OR=1.10, 95% CI 0.58% to 2.06) towards being more aggressive and exhibit externalising behaviours compared to children of normal weight mothers. CONCLUSIONS Maternal pre-pregnancy weight may play a role in children's aggressive behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia E Antoniou
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Fowler
- Department of Public Health, Heart of Birmingham Teaching PCT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Keith Reed
- The Twins and Multiple Births Association (TAMBA), UK
| | | | - Joseph P McCleery
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK
- Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Maurice P Zeegers
- Department of Complex Genetics, Cluster of Genetics and Cell Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Describing and predicting developmental profiles of externalizing problems from childhood to adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 2014; 27:791-818. [PMID: 25166430 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579414000789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal study considers externalizing behavior problems from ages 5 to 27 (N = 585). Externalizing problem ratings by mothers, fathers, teachers, peers, and self-report were modeled with growth curves. Risk and protective factors across many different domains and time frames were included as predictors of the trajectories. A major contribution of the study is in demonstrating how heterotypic continuity and changing measures can be handled in modeling changes in externalizing behavior over long developmental periods. On average, externalizing problems decreased from early childhood to preadolescence, increased during adolescence, and decreased from late adolescence to adulthood. There was strong nonlinear continuity in externalizing problems over time. Family process, peer process, stress, and individual characteristics predicted externalizing problems beyond the strong continuity of externalizing problems. The model accounted for 70% of the variability in the development of externalizing problems. The model's predicted values showed moderate sensitivity and specificity in prediction of arrests, illegal drug use, and drunk driving. Overall, the study showed that by using changing, developmentally relevant measures and simultaneously taking into account numerous characteristics of children and their living situations, research can model lengthy spans of development and improve predictions of the development of later, severe externalizing problems.
Collapse
|
12
|
Martin A, Brazil A, Brooks-Gunn J. The Socioemotional Outcomes of Young Children of Teenage Mothers by Paternal Coresidence. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2013; 34:1217-1237. [PMID: 24482552 PMCID: PMC3904445 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x12454654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To date, no study has examined the implications of biological fathers' coresidence for the socioemotional development of children of teenage mothers. Previous research suggests competing hypotheses. Men who father children with teenage women have low education and earnings and are disproportionately likely to be antisocial. However, teenage mothers are less distressed when fathers are more involved caregivers. The current study follows a multi-city sample of children born to teenage women (n = 509) for their first three years of life in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Children whose biological father coresided continuously (20%) were more likely to be securely attached to their mother and had fewer externalizing problems than other children at age 3. Paternal coresidence did not increase household income, and it only marginally lowered maternal parenting stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Martin
- National Center for Children and Families, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120 Street, Box 39, New York, NY 10027, phone: (212) 678-3479, fax: (212) 678-3676,
| | - Adam Brazil
- Institute for Educational Research and Public Service, Joseph R. Pearson Hall, 1122 West Campus Road, Room 320, Lawrence, KS 66045, phone: (785) 864-9680, fax: (785) 864-5212,
| | - Jeanne Brooks-Gunn
- National Center for Children and Families, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120 Street, Box 39, New York, NY 10027, phone: (212) 678-3369, fax: (212) 678-3676,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mokrue K, Chen YY, Elias M. The interaction between family structure and child gender on behavior problems in urban ethnic minority children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025411425707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that children from single-parent households fare worse behaviorally than those from two-parent households. Studies examining single-parent households often fail to distinguish between single-mother and single-father households. Further, there are inconsistent findings regarding the effect of family structure on boys and girls. This study examined the relationship between family structures and behavior problems among 515 predominantly ethnic minority children in an urban setting, while taking into account the role of children’s gender. Results indicated that children from two-parent families consistently scored lower on measures of externalizing behavior and hyperactivity when compared to children from parent-absent households, but not when compared to those from single-parent households. Moderation analyses revealed significant interactions between family structure and children’s gender. Girls in single-mother households scored higher in externalizing behavior and hyperactivity than those in two-parent households. Behavior problems for boys in single-mother households did not differ from those in two-parent households. These findings encourage further research on parenting practices and child’s gender within various family structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yung Y. Chen
- New York City College of Technology, The City University of New York, USA
| | - Maurice Elias
- Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Curto BM, Paula CS, do Nascimento R, Murray J, Bordin IA. Environmental factors associated with adolescent antisocial behavior in a poor urban community in Brazil. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2011; 46:1221-31. [PMID: 20931327 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-010-0291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating risk factors for anti-social behavior (ASB) is particularly relevant in a poor urban and violent community of a developing country where homicide is the primary cause of death among 15-24-year olds. OBJECTIVES To identify individual and environmental factors associated with ASB in adolescents from an urban poor community in the outskirts of São Paulo City, Brazil. METHOD This cross-sectional study was based on a probabilistic sample of clusters that included all eligible households (women aged 15-49 years with a son or daughter <18 years of age). One mother-child pair was randomly selected per household (n = 813; response rate: 82.4%). This study is focused on the age group 11-17 years (n = 248). ASB was identified by externalizing scores in the clinical range on the Child Behavior Checklist and/or the Youth Self Report. Potential correlates included individual, maternal, paternal, and familial characteristics. Backward logistic regression analysis identified independent correlates and significant interactions. FINDINGS Youths with high ASB scores were more likely to be victims of severe physical punishment and have an absent father/substitute. Maternal anxiety/depression was a risk factor only among older adolescents (15-17 years), while the presence of internalizing problems was a risk factor only among younger adolescents (11-14 years). Having a non-working mother increased the risk for ASB only among low-income adolescents. CONCLUSION The recognition that certain environmental factors may have harmful effects on adolescents' mental health, and the identification of more vulnerable groups can contribute to the development of effective strategies for prevention and treatment of ASB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartira Marques Curto
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Borges Lagoa, 570 cj. 51, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04038-030, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cooper CE, Osborne CA, Beck AN, McLanahan SS. Partnership Instability, School Readiness, and Gender Disparities. SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2011; 84:246-259. [PMID: 21949448 PMCID: PMC3178046 DOI: 10.1177/0038040711402361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Trends in family formation during the past several decades have increased children's exposure to mothers' partnership instability, defined as an entrance into or exit from a coresidential union or a dating partnership. Instability, in turn, is associated with negative outcomes for children and adolescents. This study uses data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine associations between mothers' partnership instability and children's school readiness, differences between coresidential and dating transitions, and the moderating role of child gender. Mothers' partnership transitions are negatively associated with children's verbal ability and positively associated with boys' behavioral problems at age five. In general, coresidential and dating transitions have similar effects on school readiness. The findings have important implications for our understanding of the growing gender gap in educational attainment.
Collapse
|
16
|
Lévesque M, Bigras M, Pauzé R. Externalizing problems and problematic sexual behaviors: same etiology? Aggress Behav 2010; 36:358-70. [PMID: 20718000 DOI: 10.1002/ab.20362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The study sought to determine whether maltreatment subtypes, family sexuality, and personal characteristics predicted and distinguished child problematic sexual behaviors (PSB) and externalizing problems (EP). Participants were families of 188 children, 6-11 years old, referred by child welfare services in four Quebec districts. Caregivers completed interviews and questionnaires. Results suggested that family environment and maltreatment subtypes had partially different impacts on PSB and EP. When EP and gender were controlled, younger children in a sexualized family environment and those verbally victimized were more likely to exhibit PSB. When PSB and gender were controlled, verbal abuse and neglect emerged as predictors of EP. Potential implications for child PSB research and interventions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Lévesque
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brown SL. Marriage and Child Well-Being: Research and Policy Perspectives. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2010; 72:1059-1077. [PMID: 21566730 PMCID: PMC3091824 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00750.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the linkages between marriage and child well-being have attracted the attention of researchers and policy makers alike. Children's living arrangements have become increasingly diverse and unstable, which raises important questions about how and why family structure and stability are related to child outcomes. This article reviews new research on this topic, emphasizing how it can inform policy debates about the role of marriage in reducing poverty and improving child outcomes. It also pays special attention to new scholarship on unmarried, primarily low-income families, the target of recent federal marriage initiatives, to appraise the potential contributions of family research to ongoing policy discussions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Brown
- Department of Sociology, 239 Williams Hall, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403-0222 ( )
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bachman HJ, Coley RL, Chase-Lansdale PL. Is Maternal Marriage Beneficial for Low-Income Adolescents? APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2009; 13:153-171. [PMID: 20485456 DOI: 10.1080/10888690903287633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the association of mothers' marriage and changes in young adolescents' cognitive and socioemotional development and changes in family processes. Analyses employed longitudinal data from the Three-City Study to track maternal partnerships for 860 lowincome adolescents (10-14 years-old in Wave 1) across a 16 month period. No short-term benefits or risks emerged for youth when mothers entered marriage, with few changes in family or maternal functioning linked with marriage formation as well. In contrast, adolescents in stably married families experienced improved academic, behavioral, and psychological well-being compared to youth in stable cohabiting or single-parent families. Stable marriage was similarly linked to improvements across multiple domains of home and mothers' functioning. These patterns were not moderated by the male partner's identity (biological father or stepfather). Results support the benefits of stable marriage on youth development, but suggest that policies supporting movements into new marriages may not result in improved adolescent or family functioning, at least in the short term.
Collapse
|
19
|
Zalot A, Jones DJ, Kincaid C, Smith T. Hyperactivity, Impulsivity, Inattention (HIA) and Conduct Problems among African American Youth: The Roles of Neighborhood and Gender. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2009; 37:535-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-008-9296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
20
|
Pittman LD, Boswell MK. The Role of Grandmothers in the Lives of Preschoolers Growing Up in Urban Poverty. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10888690709336721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
21
|
Cheng H, Dunn J, O'connor TG, Golding J. Factors Moderating Children's Adjustment to Parental Separation: Findings From a Community Study in England. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2006; 34:239-50. [PMID: 16496215 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-005-9013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2004] [Revised: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 01/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Research findings show that there is marked variability in children's response to parental separation, but few studies identify the sources of this variation. This prospective longitudinal study examines the factors modifying children's adjustment to parental separation in a community sample of 5,635 families in England. Children's behavioral/emotional problems were assessed when children were aged 47 and 81 months; marital quality, maternal depression, socioeconomic circumstances, and demographic variables were assessed prior to the separation from maternal report. Results indicated that 346 mothers separated from their partners in the 3-year period. Preseparation differences were found for measures of family process and parent risk factors, with effect sizes ranging from small to trivial. Parental separation was associated with a significant but modest increase in behavioral/emotional problems, independent of marital quality, maternal depression, socioeconomic circumstances, and demographic variables. Moderation analyses showed that children of cohabiting parents had a greater increase in adjustment problems following parental separation than children of married parents. Further research elucidating the factors that moderate children's adjustment to parental separation is needed to improve our understanding of who may most likely benefit from preventive interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Cheng
- Social Genetic and Development Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ackerman BP, Brown ED. Income poverty, poverty co-factors, and the adjustment of children in elementary school. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2006; 34:91-129. [PMID: 17120803 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2407(06)80005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since 1990, there have been great advances in how developmental researchers construct poverty. These advances are important because they may help inform social policy at many levels and help frame how American culture constructs poverty for children, both symbolically and in the opportunities children and families get to escape from poverty. Historically, developmental perspectives have embodied social address and main effects models, snapshot views of poverty effects at single points in time, and a rather narrow focus on income as the symbolic marker of the ecology of disadvantage. More recent views, in contrast, emphasize the diverse circumstances of disadvantaged families and diverse outcomes of disadvantaged children, the multiple sources of risk and the multiple determinants of poor outcomes for these children, dynamic aspects of that ecology, and change as well as continuity in outcome trajectories. The advances also consist of more powerful frames for understanding the ecology of disadvantage and the risk it poses for child outcomes. Most developmental researchers still tend to frame causal variables ultimately in terms of the dichotomy between social causation and social selection views, with a primary emphasis on the former. In part, this framing has reflected limitations of sample size and design, because the theoretical and empirical power of reciprocal selection models is clear (Kim et al., 2003). The conceptual advances that prompt such models include widespread acknowledgement of third variable problems in interpreting effects, of the clear need for multivariate approaches, and the need to pursue mechanisms and moderators of the relations between causal candidates and child outcomes. In the context of these advances, one of the core goals of our research program has been to construct robust representations of environmental adversity for disadvantaged families. Most of our research focuses on contextual co-factors at a family level (e.g., maternal relationship instability), which either have not been described by many researchers or have been described in a way that does not fit the ecology of disadvantage (e.g., marital status). We found that income poverty, key contextual co-factors, and endogenous child attributes tend to show independent and selective associations with child academic competence and externalizing behavior, and that co-factor effects tend to be direct rather than mediated by harsh parenting, tend to have effects that are episodic and concurrent, and are easily- and well-represented by multiple risk indexes that bear powerful relations to child problem behaviors. A second core goal has been to better understand the developmental construction of poor outcomes for disadvantaged children, which requires consideration of dynamic aspects of the ecology and the potential importance of the timing of risk experiences. We found that family instability and change in environmental circumstances predict increases in problem behaviors, and that dose of adversity seems to matter for some variables if it is recent, and not for other variables. Through person-centered research, we also are beginning to understand some factors that seem to underlie the convergence of adjustment problems over grade in school. Many of our co-factor findings and many of our developmental findings seem both complex and double-edged. One edge is that they encourage a certain pessimism in showing how environmental adversity progressively constructs poor outcomes for disadvantaged children in school. Overall, for instance, we saw more problems and more multi-dimensional problems in fifth grade than in first grade, and the impact of environmental change was mostly negative. The other edge, however, is more positive in reflecting the possibility of discontinuity in child adjustment problems associated with positive changes in family circumstances. Findings for minimal persistence and for the strength of recent and concurrent effects argue that the possibility of self-righting and emergent competence in school is robust through the fifth grade even for the most problematic disadvantaged children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Ackerman
- Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fitzpatrick KM, Piko BF, Wright DR, LaGory M. Depressive symptomatology, exposure to violence, and the role of social capital among African American adolescents. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2005; 75:262-74. [PMID: 15839763 DOI: 10.1037/0002-9432.75.2.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Focusing on the role of capital as both personal and social resources for adolescents, the authors examined depressive symptomatology among a sample of 10- to 18-year-old African American youths (N=1,538). In addition to gender and age differences, adolescents exposed to threatening environments (school, neighborhood, home) reported more depressive symptoms. Social capital had a significant inverse relationship with adolescent depression; self-esteem and a social capital index were negatively related to depressive symptomatology. Furthermore, the interaction effects of gender with social capital, age with self-esteem, and age with grades were significant, indicating the presence of a buffering effect. These findings suggest the importance of interrelationships among violence exposure, capital, and well-being for adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Fitzpatrick
- Department of Sociology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294-3350, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Piko BF, Fitzpatrick KM, Wright DR. A risk and protective factors framework for understanding youth's externalizing problem behavior in two different cultural settings. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005; 14:95-103. [PMID: 15793688 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-005-0437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main goal of the study was to analyze youth's externalizing problem behaviors based on a risk and protective factors framework in two different cultural settings. METHOD Data were collected among secondary school students in Szeged, Hungary (N=1240) and in Birmingham, AL, USA (N=1538). The self-administered questionnaires contained items on youth's externalizing problem behaviors as well as risk and protective factors. RESULTS In both samples, first year students in secondary (high) schools and boys reported greater levels of problem behaviors. Multiple regression analyses revealed that substance use, gang membership and low academic achievement were consistent risk factors and associated with higher reporting levels of problem behaviors in both cultures. Parental monitoring served as an important protective factor in both samples, while school protective factors were only significant for American students. CONCLUSION Findings draw attention to similar structures of certain risk and protective factors of youth's externalizing problem behaviors in different cultural settings. While there are universal risk factors (e. g., substance use, gang membership and low academic achievement), parental monitoring seems to be a universal protective factor against youth's externalizing problem behavior. An important difference is that the school domain seems to act as more important protection for American youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina F Piko
- The University of Szeged, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ackerman BP, Brown ED, Izard CE. The Relations Between Persistent Poverty and Contextual Risk and Children's Behavior in Elementary School. Dev Psychol 2004; 40:367-77. [PMID: 15122963 DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.40.3.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Does persistent adversity over time have effects on children's behavior beyond the effects of intermittent or concurrent adversity? This study examined the relations between school behavior in 5th grade (mean age = 11 years 0 months) and indexes representing persistent poverty and contextual risk. The indexes described 2-year intervals of family adversity. The results showed effects for persistent risk over 2 consecutive intervals for several factors, but only for recent intervals (3rd and 5th grades), and the factors differed for externalizing behavior, internalizing behavior, and academic competence. The 3rd interval of risk added little to the outcomes, and most factors did not show persistence effects. The results highlight the need for caution in expecting and interpreting effects for persistent adversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Ackerman
- Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ackerman BP, Brown ED, Izard CE. The Relations Between Contextual Risk, Earned Income, and the School Adjustment of Children From Economically Disadvantaged Families. Dev Psychol 2004; 40:204-16. [PMID: 14979761 DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.40.2.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal study examined the relations between multiple risk indexes representing contextual adversity, income-to-needs ratios, and the elementary school adjustment of children from economically disadvantaged families. The results provide evidence for volatility in family circumstances over 2-year intervals from preschool to 5th grade, for relations between the contextual risk indexes and change in externalizing behavior, and for relations between the income-to-needs ratios and change in academic competence. The results also show differences in the timing of the effects. Little evidence was found for persistence effects. Theoretical implications concern conceptualizations of the diverse and dynamic nature of the family circumstances experienced by disadvantaged children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Ackerman
- Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jones DJ, Forehand R, Brody G, Armistead L. Parental monitoring in African American, single mother-headed families. An Ecological approach to the identification of predictors. Behav Modif 2003; 27:435-57. [PMID: 12971121 DOI: 10.1177/0145445503255432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Parental monitoring is considered an essential parenting skill. Despite its relevance to a range of child and adolescent outcomes, including the prevention of conduct problems and substance use, there has been little empirical attention devoted to examining the antecedents of parental monitoring. Building on Brofenbrenner's ecological model, this study examined the association between the ecological context in which families reside and parental monitoring across two waves of data separated by 15 months. Findings were consistent across increasingly conservative sets of hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Whether the neighborhood was rural or urban and the level of maternal depressive symptoms predicted parental-monitoring behavior concurrently and longitudinally as well as change in parental monitoring over time. Monitoring increased over the 15-month interval more in urban areas than rural areas and among mothers with lower levels of depressive symptoms. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Jones
- Department of Psychology, Life Sciences Building, P.O. Box 6040, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ackerman BP, Brown E, Izard CE. Continuity and change in levels of externalizing behavior in school of children from economically disadvantaged families. Child Dev 2003; 74:694-709. [PMID: 12795385 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8624.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study used a person-centered approach to understand continuity and change in the externalizing behavior of children from economically disadvantaged families (N = 134). Groups of children differed in showing high levels of externalizing behavior in first grade (7 years old) that persisted (persistent problem) or decreased (improver) in third grade (9 years old) and low levels in first grade that were stable (unproblematic) or increased (new problem) in third grade. The results showed that verbal ability, behavioral impulsivity, parent maladjustment, and harsh parenting distinguished the persistent problem and unproblematic groups. Family instability was associated with change for the improver and new problem groups. The results suggest the importance of examining changes in the early adjustment to school for children from economically disadvantaged families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Ackerman
- Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark 19716, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dodge KA, Pettit GS. A biopsychosocial model of the development of chronic conduct problems in adolescence. Dev Psychol 2003; 39:349-71. [PMID: 12661890 PMCID: PMC2755613 DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.39.2.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A biopsychosocial model of the development of adolescent chronic conduct problems is presented and supported through a review of empirical findings. This model posits that biological dispositions and sociocultural contexts place certain children at risk in early life but that life experiences with parents, peers. and social institutions increment and mediate this risk. A transactional developmental model is best equipped to describe the emergence of chronic antisocial behavior across time. Reciprocal influences among dispositions, contexts, and life experiences lead to recursive iterations across time that exacerbate or diminish antisocial development. Cognitive and emotional processes within the child, including the acquisition of knowledge and social-information-processing patterns, mediate the relation between life experiences and conduct problem outcomes. Implications for prevention research and public policy are noted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Dodge
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0264, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ackerman BP, Brown ED, D'Eramo KS, Izard CE. Maternal relationship instability and the school behavior of children from disadvantaged families. Dev Psychol 2002; 38:694-704. [PMID: 12220048 DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.38.5.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal study examined the relation between the instability of maternal intimate relationships and the school behavior of 3rd-grade children from economically disadvantaged families. After ecological correlates were controlled, chronic relationship instability predicted externalizing behavior for boys and girls and internalizing behavior for girls, but not academic competence. In addition, past and recent instability had independent effects: Recent instability moderated the relation for past instability, and child adjustment in highly unstable families varied with verbal ability and aspects of the family ecology. The theoretical implications concern conceptualizations of the diverse and dynamic nature of family arrangements experienced by disadvantaged children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Ackerman
- Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark 19716, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|