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Tam CC, Ye Z, Wang Y, Li X, Lin D. Self-care behaviors, drinking, and smoking to cope with psychological distress during COVID-19 among Chinese college students: the role of resilience. Psychol Health 2023; 38:1174-1193. [PMID: 34892991 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.2007913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College students are vulnerable to psychological distress during COVID-19 due to pandemic-related stressors. In response to psychological distress, college students engage in various coping behaviors, such as self-care behaviors and substance use. The transactional model of stress and coping depicts a cognitive appraisal process in the stress-coping association. Psychological resilience is an essential factor for the cognitive appraisal. This study aimed to investigate the mediation effects of resilience on psycho-behavioral health in response to COVID-19 stressors. DESIGN Longitudinal data were collected from 1,225 Chinese college students via web-based anonymous surveys at wave 1 (T1, between Jan 31 and Feb 11, 2020) and wave 2 (T2, between Mar 20 and Apr 3, 2020). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants reported their COVID-19 stressors (T1), resilience (T1), psychological distress (depression and anxiety; T2), and coping behaviors (self-care behaviors, drinking, and smoking; T2). Path analysis was used for data analyses. RESULTS Resilience mediated the association between COVID-19 stressors and psychological distress. Resilience together with psychological distress mediated the association of COVID-19 stressors with self-care behaviors or drinking. CONCLUSIONS Resilience appears to offer protection that promotes psycho-behavioral health in college students in the face of COVID-19 stressors. Interventions for college students should attend to resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk Chi Tam
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Zhi Ye
- Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Danhua Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Bin Abdulrahman KA, Alenazi NS, Alshehry HZ, Albishri SB. Prevalence of Binge-Eating Disorder and Its Association with Nicotine Dependence Among Under-Graduate Students at a Saudi Public University. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:3233-3242. [PMID: 34848968 PMCID: PMC8627313 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s339007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose There is minimal information regarding the prevalence of binge-eating disorders in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to measure the prevalence of BED and its association with nicotine dependency (ND) among undergraduate university students at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU). Methods A cross-sectional study recruited 878 participants, with an inclusion criteria that encompassed all IMSIU undergraduate students of either sex. The online-based self-report questionnaire was distributed through e-mail, which used the Binge-Eating Disorder Screener-7 (BEDS-7) to evaluate BED symptoms and the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) to measure the levels of ND. The e-FTND version was also adapted into the questionnaire to account for modern methods of nicotine usage. Results A total of 165 participants were BED positive, with a prevalence of 18.8%, 99 of whom were women, and 66 were men. Women were significantly more predicted for BED than men (p = 0.035). Men appeared to be mainly more expected to be nicotine dependent (p < 0.001). BED positive participants showed a higher probability of being nicotine dependent than BED negative participants in the multivariate logistic regression analysis (95% CI 1.3–3.2; p = 0.002). Conclusion BED prevalence was notably high compared to worldwide estimates, with a significant association to nicotine dependence by the multivariate analysis. In the future, more investigations regarding the prevalence of specific types of eating disorders, including BED, in Saudi Arabia need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A Bin Abdulrahman
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf S Alenazi
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Z Alshehry
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad B Albishri
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Gao C, Sun Y, Zhang F, Zhou F, Dong C, Ke Z, Wang Q, Yang Y, Sun H. Prevalence and correlates of lifestyle behavior, anxiety and depression in Chinese college freshman: A cross-sectional survey. Int J Nurs Sci 2021; 8:347-353. [PMID: 34307785 PMCID: PMC8283720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives First-year college students had exposure to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors that correlate with a high prevalence of anxiety and depression. Regarding to the modifiable lifestyle behaviors factors, this study investigated the prevalence and correlation of multiple lifestyle behaviors, anxiety and depression in a sample of Chinese first-year college students. Methods Cross-sectional data were extracted from Residents eHealth app of health lifestyle behaviors survey from September to October 2019. Anxiety, depression, eating regular meals, consumption of snacks in-between meals, consumption of fruit, dessert and sugar-sweetened beverages, smoking and secondhand smoke exposure, consuming alcohol, physical activity, sedentary time were assessed by self-report. Socio-demographic including age, gender, education, family income, religion, and health condition were captured. Logistic regression was used to explore the association of multiple lifestyle behaviors, anxiety and depression. Results Totally 1,017 participants were included in the study. The prevalence of anxiety and depression (from mild to severe) were 40.3% and 45.3%, respectively. In multivariable analyses, religion (believe in Buddhism, OR = 2.438, 95%CI: 1.097-5.421; believe in Christian, OR = 5.886, 95%CI: 1.604-21.597), gender (Female, OR = 1.405, 95%CI: 1.001-1.971), secondhand smoke exposure (OR = 1.089, 95%CI: 1.001-1.184), and eating regular meals (OR = 0.513, 95%CI: 0.346-0.759) were associated with anxiety. Family income (OR = 0.732, 95%CI: 0.596-0.898), eating regular meals (OR = 0.641, 95%CI: 0.415-0.990), frequency of breakfast (OR = 0.813, 95%CI: 0.690-0.959), with a chronic disease (OR = 1.902, 95%CI: 1.335-2.712), and consumption of nocturnal snack (OR = 1.337, 95%CI: 1.108-1.612) were associated with depression. Conclusions These results highlighted the need for early lifestyle behavior intervention, especially modifying diet patterns considering the background of religion, health condition, and social-economic status in first-year college students to improve their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Gao
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yumei Sun
- Division of Humanity & Social Sciences, School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chaoqun Dong
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Ke
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingyan Wang
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yeqin Yang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Division of Humanity & Social Sciences, School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Tregobov N, Poureslami I, Shum J, Aran N, McMillan A, FitzGerald JM. Assessing factors influencing smoking and smoking cessation within Chinese communities in the Greater Vancouver Area: A qualitative exploratory study. Tob Prev Cessat 2020; 6:57. [PMID: 33163703 PMCID: PMC7643582 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/126631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of smoking is high within Chinese-Canadian communities and there is a lack of culturally and linguistically appropriate smoking cessation resources and services. We aimed to ascertain factors affecting smoking and smoking cessation from the perspectives of current smokers and key informants. METHODS As part of a multistage mixed-methods study taking place from January 2013 to June 2014, a qualitative exploratory study design was conducted applying a community-based participatory research approach. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with adult (aged ≥19 years) Chinese-Canadian current smokers (≥5 cigarettes per day for the past 30 days) and interviews were held with key informants in Vancouver, Canada. A constant comparison method was applied to code data, and an inductive approach was used to identify emergent themes. RESULTS In all, 35 smokers from the target communities (11 female, 24 male) participated in 4 focus group sessions and 17 key informants (14 female, 3 male) were individually interviewed. Internal and external factors influencing smoking onset, continuation, and cessation from the perspectives of smokers and key informants were identified. Male smokers thought that the most influential factor influencing smoking initiation was social pressure, while female smokers thought that it was stress. Female smokers reported refraining from seeking cessation assistance due to a perceived negative image of female smokers within the community. Both key informants and participants indicated that involving friends and family in the quitting process may help to motivate smokers. CONCLUSIONS Smokers from Chinese-Canadian communities may benefit from linguistically appropriate and culturally relevant smoking cessation interventions that consider prevailing attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs. The knowledge gained may inform the development of future smoking cessation programs and resources for the target community, while our approach may be applicable to other ethnocultural or immigrant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Tregobov
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Centre for Heart and Lung Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Iraj Poureslami
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Centre for Heart and Lung Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jessica Shum
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Centre for Heart and Lung Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Niloufar Aran
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Centre for Heart and Lung Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Austin McMillan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - J Mark FitzGerald
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Centre for Heart and Lung Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
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Niu L, Liu Y, Luo D, Xiao S. Current Smoking Behavior Among Medical Students in Mainland China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Asia Pac J Public Health 2018; 30:610-623. [PMID: 30256673 PMCID: PMC6304690 DOI: 10.1177/1010539518800339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of current smoking among medical students in mainland China through a systematic search across 6 electronic databases for English or Chinese studies published before May 25, 2018. A total of 79 studies were included; 26 had a high risk of bias. The overall pooled prevalence of current smoking was 10.93% (7460/68 253; 95% confidence interval = 0.09%, 13.08%, I2 = 98.6%). This study found a decreasing prevalence of current smoking over the period studied (survey year range of 1988-2014). More specifically, the current smoking prevalence in males decreased progressively across time, while the prevalence in females remained relatively constant. The overall prevalence in the west was higher than in the middle or east of mainland China ( P = .0061). The overall prevalence of current smoking increased with year in school ( P = .0028). The present study provides a comprehensive synthesis of current smoking prevalence among medical students in mainland China. Although there have been some improvements in the status of tobacco use among medical students, given the leading role of physicians in tobacco control, sustained efforts are needed to curb the tobacco epidemic among medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Niu
- 1 Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,2 The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- 1 Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,3 Wuxi Higher Health Vocational Technology School, Wuxi, China
| | - Dan Luo
- 1 Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuiyuan Xiao
- 1 Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Bobo FT, Thanasekaran P, Joice AJR, Yadecha B, Alebel A. Susceptibility to cigarette smoking and associated factors among high school students in western Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:626. [PMID: 30165886 PMCID: PMC6117939 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tobacco smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable premature death worldwide. Adolescence is a common period at which most of the established smokers start experimenting and smoking. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of susceptibility to cigarette smoking and associated factors among high school students in western Ethiopia. RESULT The prevalence of susceptibility to cigarette smoking among the study participants was 16.9%. Two-third (65.9%, 95% CI; 62.77, 68.87) of the students reported that they are exposed to second hand smoking in public areas. Students, whose father smoked (OR 2.76, 95% CI [1.26, 6.09]), whose friends smoked (OR 3.73 95% CI [1.57, 8.90]). Adolescents who have the perception that boys who smoke are attractive (OR 2.26, 95% CI [1.24, 4.09]) and smoking cigarettes makes young people look cool (OR 1.47, 95% CI; [1.01, 2.17]) were more likely to be susceptible to smoking. Having the knowledge that tobacco smoking is harmful (OR .43, CI 95% [.28, .67]) to health was found to be a protective factor against susceptibility to smoking cigarette.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firew Tekle Bobo
- Department of Public Health, Wollega University, Nekemte, Oromia, Ethiopia.
| | | | | | - Birhanu Yadecha
- Department of Nursing, Ambo University, Waliso, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Animut Alebel
- Department of Nursing, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Trinidad DR, Pierce JP, Sargent JD, White MM, Strong DR, Portnoy DB, Green VR, Stanton CA, Choi K, Bansal-Travers M, Shi Y, Pearson JL, Kaufman AR, Borek N, Coleman BN, Hyland A, Carusi C, Kealey S, Leas E, Noble ML, Messer K. Susceptibility to tobacco product use among youth in wave 1 of the population Assessment of tobacco and health (PATH) study. Prev Med 2017; 101:8-14. [PMID: 28526392 PMCID: PMC5537073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate susceptibility and ever use of tobacco products among adolescents and young adults in the US. Cross-sectional analysis of Wave 1(2013-2014) adolescent (12-17year-olds; n=13,651) and young adult (18-24year-olds; n=9112) data from the nationally-representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study was conducted. At 12years, 5% were ever tobacco users and 36% were susceptible to use. Seventy percent were susceptible at age 17years, and the same proportion were ever users at age 22years. Susceptibility levels were comparable for cigarettes and e-cigarette (28.6% and 27.4%, respectively), followed by hookah (22.0%), pipes (17.5%), cigars (15.2%), and smokeless tobacco (9.7%). Non-Hispanic (NH) Black (Adjusted Odds Ratio [ORadj]=1.36; 95% Confidence Limit [CL], 1.18-1.56) and Hispanic (ORadj=1.34: 95% CL,1.19-1.49) adolescent never- users were more likely to be susceptible to future use of a tobacco product than NH Whites. Susceptibility was higher with age (15-17yrs. vs 12-14yrs.: ORadj=1.69; 95% CL, 1.55-1.85) and parental education (college graduates vs less than HS education: ORadj=1.22, 95% CL, 1.08-1.39). Compared to exclusive users of hookah, cigars, or smokeless products, larger proportions of exclusive e-cigarette ever users were also susceptible to cigarette use. Among adolescents, lower levels of ever use of tobacco products are often counterbalanced by higher levels of susceptibility for future use, which may suggest delayed initiation in some groups. Ever users of a given tobacco product were more susceptible to use other tobacco products, putting them at risk for future multiple tobacco product use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R Trinidad
- Cancer Prevention Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, United States; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, United States.
| | - John P Pierce
- Cancer Prevention Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, United States; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - James D Sargent
- C. Everett Koop Institute, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, United States
| | - Martha M White
- Cancer Prevention Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - David R Strong
- Cancer Prevention Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, United States; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - David B Portnoy
- Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Victoria R Green
- Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Kelly Government Solutions, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Cassandra A Stanton
- Westat, Rockville, MD, United States; Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention & Control Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kelvin Choi
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Maansi Bansal-Travers
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Health Behavior, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Yuyan Shi
- Cancer Prevention Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, United States; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Jennifer L Pearson
- Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, United States; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Annette R Kaufman
- Tobacco Control Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Nicolette Borek
- Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Blair N Coleman
- Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Andrew Hyland
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Health Behavior, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | | | - Sheila Kealey
- Cancer Prevention Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Eric Leas
- Cancer Prevention Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, United States; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Madison L Noble
- Cancer Prevention Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, United States; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Karen Messer
- Cancer Prevention Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, United States; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, United States
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Cerrada CJ, Ra CK, Shin HS, Dzubur E, Huh J. Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Identify Common Smoking Situations Among Korean American Emerging Adults. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2016; 17:892-902. [PMID: 27476588 PMCID: PMC5030172 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-016-0687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study provides detailed contextual information about smoking habits among young Korean American smokers with the goal of characterizing situations where they are most at risk for smoking. Relevant situational factors included location, social context, concurrent activities, time of day, affective states, and food and beverage consumption. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) over 7 days, participants (N = 78) were instructed to respond to smoking prompts (n = 2614) and non-smoking prompts (n = 2136) randomly scheduled throughout the day. At each prompt, participants completed a short survey about immediate contextual factors. We used multilevel models to evaluate the association between contextual factors and smoking and further explored the distribution of smoking locations and concurrent activities across each social context and reason for smoking. Compared to non-smoking events, smoking events were associated with being outside, the presence of Korean friends, socializing, consuming alcohol, and experiencing more stress relative to one's average stress level (all ps < .01). Further analyses involving only smoking events showed that when participants smoked alone, they were most commonly at home (50 %) and most often studying/working (28 %). When smoking with Korean friends, participants were most often outside (38 %) and socializing (54 %). When smoking to reduce craving, participants were most often at home (39 %) and studying/working (25 %). To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide detailed descriptions of real-time smoking contexts among young Korean American smokers. Information with this level of granularity is needed to develop effective just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jules Cerrada
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Chaelin Karen Ra
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Hee-Sung Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Eldin Dzubur
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Jimi Huh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
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Beyond Smoking Prevalence: Exploring the Variability of Associations between Neighborhood Exposures across Two Nested Spatial Units and Two-Year Smoking Trajectory among Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13010106. [PMID: 26751461 PMCID: PMC4730497 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Young adults have the highest prevalence of smoking amongst all age groups. Significant uptake occurs after high school age. Although neighborhood exposures have been found to be associated with smoking behavior, research on neighborhood exposures and the smoking trajectories among young adults, and on the role of geographic scale in shaping findings, is scarce. We examined associations between neighborhood exposures across two nested, increasingly large spatial units and smoking trajectory over two years among young adults living in Montreal, Canada. A sample of 2093 participants aged 18-25 years from the Interdisciplinary Study of Inequalities in Smoking (ISIS) was surveyed. The dependent variable was self-reported smoking trajectory over the course of two years. Residential addresses, data on presence of tobacco retail outlets, and the presence of smoking accommodation facilities were coded and linked to spatial units. Three-level multinomial models were used to examine associations. The likelihood of being a smoker for 2+ years was significantly greater among those living in larger spatial unit neighborhoods that had a greater presence of smoking accommodation. This association was not statistically significant at the smaller spatial units. Our findings highlight the importance of studying young adults' smoking trajectories in addition to static smoking outcomes, and point to the relevance of considering spatial scale in studies of neighborhoods and smoking.
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Okoli CTC, Rayens MK, Wiggins AT, Ickes MJ, Butler KM, Hahn EJ. Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and susceptibility to smoking, perceived addiction, and psychobehavioral symptoms among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2016; 64:96-103. [PMID: 26503903 PMCID: PMC5523056 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2015.1074240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure with susceptibility to smoking, perceived addiction, and psychobehavioral effects of exposure among never- and ever-smoking college students. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 665 college students at a large, southeastern university in the United States. METHODS This study is a secondary analysis of online cross-sectional survey data from randomly selected students in April 2013. RESULTS Thirty-eight percent of the sample had moderate to high SHS exposure. Among never-smokers, SHS exposure was associated with increased susceptibility to initiating smoking. Among ever-smokers, SHS exposure was not associated with their perceived addiction to tobacco. In the total sample, SHS exposure was associated with greater psychobehavioral symptoms of exposure. CONCLUSIONS SHS exposure may the increase risk of smoking, especially among never-smoking college students. This study strengthens the need for prevention strategies that limit SHS exposure in college environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Kay Rayens
- a University of Kentucky College of Nursing Lexington , Kentucky
| | - Amanda T Wiggins
- a University of Kentucky College of Nursing Lexington , Kentucky
| | - Melinda J Ickes
- b University of Kentucky College of Education Lexington , Kentucky
| | - Karen M Butler
- a University of Kentucky College of Nursing Lexington , Kentucky
| | - Ellen J Hahn
- a University of Kentucky College of Nursing Lexington , Kentucky
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Irvin VL, Hofstetter CR, Nichols JF, Chambers CD, Usita PM, Norman GJ, Kang S, Hovell MF. Compliance with smoke-free policies in korean bars and restaurants in california: a descriptive analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:1083-9. [PMID: 25735336 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.3.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compliance with California's smoke-free restaurant and bar policies may be more a function of social contingencies and less a function of legal contingencies. The aims of this study were: 1) to report indications of compliance with smoke-free legislation in Korean bars and restaurants in California; 2) to examine the demographic, smoking status, and acculturation factors of who smoked indoors; and 3) to report social cues in opposition to smoking among a sample of Koreans in California. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected by telephone surveys administered by bilingual interviewers between 2007-2009, and included California adults of Korean descent who visited a Korean bar or restaurant in a typical month (N=2,173, 55% female). RESULTS 1% of restaurant-going participants smoked inside while 7% observed someone else smoke inside a Korean restaurant. Some 23% of bar-going participants smoked inside and 65% observed someone else smoke inside a Korean bar. Presence of ashtrays was related to indoor smoking in bars and restaurants. Among participants who observed smoking, a higher percentage observed someone ask a smoker to stop (17.6%) or gesture to a smoker (27.0%) inside Korean restaurants (N=169) than inside Korean bars (n=141, 17.0% observed verbal cue and 22.7% observed gesture). Participants who smoked inside were significantly younger and more acculturated than participants who did not. Less acculturated participants were significantly more to likely to be told to stop smoking. CONCLUSIONS Ten years after implementation of ordinances, smoking appears to be common in Korean bars in California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica L Irvin
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University , Corvallis, USA. E-mail :
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Shih RA, Tucker JS, Miles JNV, Ewing BA, Pedersen ER, D'Amico EJ. Differences in Substance Use and Substance Use Risk Factors by Asian Subgroups. ASIAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 6:38-46. [PMID: 26388971 PMCID: PMC4574640 DOI: 10.1037/a0036251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined differences in lifetime use and initiation of substance use and associated risk factors for alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana among seven subgroups of Asian American (AA) adolescents: Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, and Mixed heritage Asian. Sixth and 7th grade AA adolescents in Southern California were surveyed five times over three academic years. We examined subgroup differences in (1) lifetime alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use assessed at baseline, (2) initiation of each substance over three years, and (3) baseline individual (positive and negative expectancies about substances, resistance self-efficacy, and intentions to use), family (closest adult and older sibling substance use), and school factors (perceived peer use). Although there was considerable heterogeneity in lifetime substance use and initiation rates, subgroup differences were not statistically significant (ps > .20). Significant subgroup differences existed for negative expectancies about use, perceived peer use, and close adult alcohol and cigarette use (ps < .05). Specifically, Vietnamese and Japanese adolescents had the lowest negative expectancies about cigarettes and marijuana, respectively. Vietnamese adolescents reported the highest levels of perceived peer cigarette use. Mixed-heritage adolescents reported the highest frequency of alcohol and cigarette use by their closest adult. Although no differences in substance use rates were observed, these findings are an important first step in understanding heterogeneity in AA adolescents' risk for substance use and initiation.
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Menati W, Nazarzadeh M, Bidel Z, Würtz M, Menati R, Hemati R, Yaghoubi M, Zareimanesh E, Mohammadi MS, Akhlaghi Ardekani F, Tazval J, Delpisheh A. Social and Psychological Predictors of Initial Cigarette Smoking Experience: A Survey in Male College Students. Am J Mens Health 2014; 10:14-23. [PMID: 25326133 DOI: 10.1177/1557988314553262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about social and psychological risk factors for initial cigarette smoking experience (ICSE) is sparse. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ICSE and to examine the psychological and social factors related to ICSE. In a cross-sectional survey, 1,511 male college students were recruited using multistage sampling techniques from four universities located within the city of Ilam, Iran. Self-administered multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed to students from March to June 2013. Risk factors for ICSE were evaluated using logistic regression models. Participants were 22.3 ± 2.4 years of age. ICSE prevalence was 30.6%. In multivariable adjusted analysis, risk taking behavior (odds ratio [OR] = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11-2.33), perceived peer smoking prevalence (OR = 2.48; 95% CI = 1.03-5.97), positive thoughts about smoking (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.02-1.10), high self-efficacy (OR = 0.95, 95% CI [0.93, 0.98]), presence in smokers' gathering (OR = 4.45; 95% CI = 2.88-6.81), comity of smokers (OR = 2.56; 95% CI = 1.66, 3.92), very hard access to cigarettes (OR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.16-4.16), close friends' medium reaction toward smoking (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.02-1.88), and sporting activity (OR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.56-0.98) were significantly associated with ICSE. This study identified that a combination of psychological and social variables account for up to 78% of the probability of ICSE. The most important protective factor against ICSE was physical activity, whereas the most important risk factor for ICSE was frequent gathering in the presence of smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milad Nazarzadeh
- Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Murray KE, Klonoff EA, Garcini LM, Ullman JB, Wall TL, Myers MG. Assessing Acculturation Over Time: A Four-year Prospective Study of Asian American Young Adults. ASIAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 5:252-261. [PMID: 25558310 PMCID: PMC4280080 DOI: 10.1037/a0034908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Acculturation is commonly defined as a dynamic and multidimensional process in which individuals and groups change over time when coming into contact with another culture. Despite the emphasis on acculturation as a process of change over time, few researchers have directly assessed this hypothesis. The current study first identifies and then examines "stable" and "dynamic" dimensions of acculturation within a 4-year prospective study of 433 first- and second-generation Chinese- and Korean-American college students. Separate growth model analyses revealed significant linear change for first-generation students toward greater U.S. acculturation. In comparison, tests of linear and quadratic change for second-generation students were not significant. When stratifying by gender, acculturation increased for women but there was no significant change in acculturation for men. While all students reported increases in alcohol consumption over the study period, changes in acculturation predicted changes in alcohol consumption only for women. Chinese men showed greater increases in alcohol consumption than Korean men but there was no effect for ethnicity among women. There was significant individual variability in the models, which underscores the importance of examining change prospectively through within and between person analyses. The findings highlight the importance of examining acculturation changes over time for different migrant groups with implications for further development of acculturation measures, research methodologies, and health interventions. More prospective research designs of acculturation are needed to examine changes in health behavior and overall adaptation across migrant groups at varying stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luz M Garcini
- SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology
| | | | - Tamara L Wall
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, University of California San Diego
| | - Mark G Myers
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, University of California San Diego
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Huh J, Paul Thing J, Abramova ZS, Sami M, Beth Unger J. Place matters in perceived tobacco exposure among Korean American young adults: mixed methods approach. Subst Use Misuse 2014; 49:1054-63. [PMID: 24779505 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2014.850277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A sequential mixed methods study was conducted to identify factors influencing perceived norms about smoking and to examine the association of acculturative contexts and normative beliefs among Korean American young adults (KAYA) who face increased risk of smoking. Content analysis of data from 67 participants in 10 focus groups in 2010 led to the development of an online survey in 2012 (N = 475). KAYA overestimated smoking prevalence, reporting Korean-owned businesses (KOB) as primary places of exposure. Our findings revealed that visits to KOB predicted perceived norms about smoking. Modifying perceptions about social norms and involuntary tobacco exposure may be critical in reducing smoking among KAYA. The study's limitations are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimi Huh
- 1Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute for Prevention Research (IPR), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Doran N, Trim RS. The prospective effects of impulsivity on alcohol and tobacco use in a college sample. J Psychoactive Drugs 2014; 45:379-85. [PMID: 24592663 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2013.844380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol and tobacco use are strongly associated, particularly in younger populations, and concurrent use may encourage progression toward dependence on both substances. Impulsivity has been linked to the use of alcohol and tobacco individually, but has not been studied in terms of its association with use of both. This study tested the hypothesis that the effects of impulsivity (sensation seeking and negative urgency) on smoking initiation in a sample of college students (n = 400) would be mediated by alcohol consumption. We also predicted that sensation seeking and negative urgency would predict alcohol and cigarette use and overlap among initiators. Sensation seeking and negative urgency both predicted smoking initiation, but only the former effect was mediated by alcohol use. Among initiators, sensation seeking was associated with more frequent alcohol use as well as more frequent overlap between alcohol and tobacco use but not with smoking frequency. Higher negative urgency was associated with more frequent smoking, but not with alcohol use or alcohol/tobacco overlap. Findings are consistent with previous research in college samples and suggest the existence of multiple pathways to alcohol and tobacco use and co-use in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Doran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego 92161, USA.
| | - Ryan S Trim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego 92161, USA
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Chen X, Jacques-Tiura AJ. Smoking initiation associated with specific periods in the life course from birth to young adulthood: data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. Am J Public Health 2014; 104:e119-26. [PMID: 24328611 PMCID: PMC3935711 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Guided by the life-course perspective, we examined whether there were subgroups with different likelihood curves of smoking onset associated with specific developmental periods. METHODS Using 12 waves of panel data from 4088 participants in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, we detected subgroups with distinctive risk patterns by employing developmental trajectory modeling analysis. RESULTS From birth to age 29 years, 72% of female and 74% of US males initiated smoking. We detected 4 exclusive groups with distinctive risk patterns for both genders: the Pre-Teen Risk Group initiated smoking by age 12 years, the Teenage Risk Group initiated smoking by age 18 years, the Young Adult Risk Group initiated smoking by age 25 years, and the Low Risk Group experienced little or no risk over time. Groups differed on several etiological and outcome variables. CONCLUSIONS The process of smoking initiation from birth to young adulthood is nonhomogeneous, with distinct subgroups whose risk of smoking onset is linked to specific stages in the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguang Chen
- Xinguang Chen and Angela J. Jacques-Tiura are with the Pediatric Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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O'Loughlin JL, Dugas EN, O'Loughlin EK, Karp I, Sylvestre MP. Incidence and determinants of cigarette smoking initiation in young adults. J Adolesc Health 2014; 54:26-32.e4. [PMID: 23992758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the incidence and identify predictors of smoking initiation in young adults. METHODS Data were collected in self-report questionnaires in 22 cycles over 13 years in a prospective cohort investigation of 1,293 students recruited in 1999-2000 from all grade 7 classes in a convenience sample of 10 high schools in Montreal, Canada. Participants were 12.7 years of age on average at cohort inception and 24.0 years of age in cycle 22. Independent predictors of smoking initiation in young adulthood (post-high school) were identified in multivariable logistic regression analysis using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Of 1,293 participants, 75% initiated smoking by cycle 22. Of these, 44%, 43%, and 14% initiated before high school, during high school, and in the 6 years after high school, respectively. The incidence density rate of initiation was .33, .13, .14, .11, and .12 initiation events per person-year in grade 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, respectively, and .05 post-high school. Independent predictors of smoking initiation in young adults included alcohol use, higher impulsivity, and poor academic performance. CONCLUSIONS A total of 14% of smokers who initiated smoking before age 24 years did so after high school. The predictors of initiation in young adults may provide direction for relevant preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L O'Loughlin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Erika N Dugas
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erin K O'Loughlin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Igor Karp
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Sylvestre
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Schweizer CA, Doran N, Myers MG. Social facilitation expectancies for smoking: psychometric properties of a new measure. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2014; 62:136-144. [PMID: 24456515 PMCID: PMC3922225 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2013.856313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Expectancies about social outcomes for smoking are relevant to college student smokers, who frequently report "social smoking." A new measure, the Social Facilitation Expectancies (SFE) scale, was developed to assess these beliefs. PARTICIPANTS The SFE was administered to undergraduate college student smokers (N = 1,096; study completed in May 2011). METHODS Items were scored on a 5-point scale with a summed total score. The sample was randomly split and principle axis factoring and confirmatory factor analysis applied to determine scale structure. The structure was tested across sex and smoking groups and validation analyses were conducted. RESULTS A 9-item, 1-factor scale was replicated within each group. Higher SFE scores were observed among those with greater smoking experience and higher scores were associated with greater endorsement of other smoking-related beliefs. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings provide support for the sound psychometric properties of this measure for use with young adult college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Amanda Schweizer
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Neal Doran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Mark G. Myers
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
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Khoddam R, Doran N. Family smoking history moderates the effect of expectancies on smoking initiation in college students. Addict Behav 2013; 38:2384-7. [PMID: 23632096 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This report was designed to test the hypothesis that family history of smoking (FH) would moderate the effects of positive and negative smoking expectancies on initiation in a college sample. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a study of college freshmen never-smokers (n=196; 46% male) who completed a baseline interview and quarterly online follow-up assessments for 15 months. FINDINGS Analyses indicated that FH moderated the effect of negative outcome expectancies (p=.003) but not the effects of expectancies for positive or negative reinforcement on the probability of smoking initiation. Stronger negative expectancies were associated with a decreased risk of initiation for family history positive but not family history negative participants. CONCLUSIONS Findings are consistent with previous tobacco research indicating that FH+adolescents have more negative expectancies about cigarette smoking. This suggests that adolescents observing negative consequences or receiving negative messages from their parents about cigarettes may be less likely to experiment with smoking.
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Kim SS, Lee HO, Kiang P, Kalman D, Ziedonis DM. Factors associated with alcohol problems among Asian American college students: gender, ethnicity, smoking and depressed mood. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/14659891.2012.709912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Doran N, Schweizer CA, Myers MG, Greenwood TA. A prospective study of the effects of the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism and impulsivity on smoking initiation. Subst Use Misuse 2013; 48:106-16. [PMID: 23153044 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2012.733791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study tested whether DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA genotype predicted smoking initiation and subsequent use, and effects were mediated by sensation seeking and negative urgency. Between 2009 and 2012, college never smokers (n = 387) completed six assessments over 15 months; those who reported smoking were classified as initiators. Logistic regression indicated that the A1 allele was associated with initiation (p = .003). This effect was partially mediated by sensation seeking and negative urgency. Effects were stronger in Asian Americans. Findings have implications for improving prevention by including elements focused on urges to seek positive or negative reinforcement. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Doran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92161, USA.
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Smoking initiation during young adulthood: a longitudinal study of a population-based cohort. J Adolesc Health 2012; 51:497-502. [PMID: 23084172 PMCID: PMC3479406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the extent to which young adults initiate smoking between the ages of 18 and 21 years; to characterize the frequency and quantity of use among initiators; and to examine predictors of initiation. METHODS Participants included youth who were part of the Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort Study and had not smoked a whole cigarette before age of 18 (n = 2,034). Initiation in the present study was defined as having smoked a whole cigarette or more between the ages of 18 and 21. Predictors of initiation were measured at age 18 and included sociodemographic characteristics, social influences, and attitudes and beliefs about smoking. RESULTS Twenty-five percent (n = 510) of participants initiated smoking between the ages of 18 and 21 years. Among those who initiated, the majority (64%) reported smoking during the past 30 days, and approximately one-quarter (24%) reported smoking 100 cigarettes or more. Predictors of young adult initiation included being male, living in a metropolitan area, having friends who smoke, and the belief that smoking can calm someone down when they are angry or nervous. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that smoking initiation during young adulthood is not uncommon. These results highlight the need for tobacco prevention programs that target young adults.
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Doran N, Khoddam R, Sanders PE, Schweizer CA, Trim RS, Myers MG. A prospective study of the Acquired Preparedness Model: the effects of impulsivity and expectancies on smoking initiation in college students. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2012; 27:714-22. [PMID: 22686965 DOI: 10.1037/a0028988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study reports on a prospective test of the Acquired Preparedness Model, which posits that impulsivity influences cigarette smoking through the formation of more positive and fewer negative expectancies about smoking effects. College freshman never-smokers (n = 400; 45% male) completed a baseline interview and quarterly online follow-up assessments for 15 months after baseline. Structural equation modeling indicated that the effects of the impulsivity components of sensation seeking and negative urgency on risk of smoking initiation were mediated by expectancies for positive and negative reinforcement from smoking, respectively. Expectancies about negative consequences from smoking predicted initiation but did not mediate the effects of sensation seeking or negative urgency. Findings are consistent with the Acquired Preparedness Model and suggest that heightened impulsivity is associated with heightened expectancies for reinforcement from smoking, and thus with greater risk for smoking initiation.
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GWANDURE CALVIN, MAYEKISO THOKOZILE. Internal Versus External Control of Reinforcement in Health Risk and HIV and AIDS Prevention. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Freedman KS, Nelson NM, Feldman LL. Smoking initiation among young adults in the United States and Canada, 1998-2010: a systematic review. Prev Chronic Dis 2011; 9:E05. [PMID: 22172172 PMCID: PMC3277388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young adults have the highest smoking rate of any age group in the United States and Canada, and recent data indicate that they often initiate smoking as young adults. The objective of this study was to systematically review peer-reviewed articles on cigarette smoking initiation and effective prevention efforts among young adults. METHODS We searched 5 databases for research articles published in English between 1998 and 2010 on smoking initiation among young adults (aged 18-25) living in the United States or Canada. We extracted the following data from each study selected: the measure of initiation used, age range of initiation, age range of study population, data source, target population, sampling method, and sample size. We summarized the primary findings of each study according to 3 research questions and categories of data (eg, sociodemographic) that emerged during the data extraction process. RESULTS Of 1,072 identified studies, we found 27 articles that met our search criteria, but several included a larger age range of initiation (eg, 18-30, 18-36) than we initially intended to include. Disparities in young adult smoking initiation existed according to sex, race, and educational attainment. The use of alcohol and illegal drugs was associated with smoking initiation. The risk of smoking initiation among young adults increased under the following circumstances: exposure to smoking, boredom or stress while serving in the military, attending tobacco-sponsored social events while in college, and exposure to social norms and perceptions that encourage smoking. Effective prevention efforts include exposure to counter-marketing, denormalization campaigns, taxation, and the presence of smoke-free policies. CONCLUSION Much remains to be learned about young adult smoking initiation, particularly among young adults in the straight-to-work population. Dissimilar measures of smoking initiation limit our knowledge about smoking initiation among young adults. We recommend developing a standardized measure of initiation that indicates progression to regular established smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit S. Freedman
- Wyoming Survey & Analysis Center at the University of Wyoming
| | - Nanette M. Nelson
- Wyoming Survey & Analysis Center at the University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Laura L. Feldman
- Wyoming Survey & Analysis Center at the University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
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Doran N, Sanders PE, Bekman NM, Worley MJ, Monreal TK, McGee E, Cummins K, Brown SA. Mediating influences of negative affect and risk perception on the relationship between sensation seeking and adolescent cigarette smoking. Nicotine Tob Res 2011; 13:457-65. [PMID: 21436297 PMCID: PMC3103719 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntr025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A substantial number of adolescents are current and regular cigarette smokers, and there is a need to better understand factors that contribute to smoking behavior during these years. Sensation seeking (SS) is one factor that has consistently been associated with smoking, but less is known about mechanisms that may explain this relationship. METHODS The present study tested the hypothesis that high school students high in SS would report heavier cigarette smoking and that this relationship would be mediated by negative affect and by perceptions about the risks of smoking. Students (n = 1,688) participated in an annual survey of substance use and related attitudes and characteristics. RESULTS As expected, higher SS was associated with greater levels of past 30-day (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, p = .004) and lifetime (OR = 1.37, p = .004) smoking, particularly for males. Multiple mediation models indicated that effect of SS on both 30-day (combined indirect effect z = 5.38, p < .001) and lifetime (z = 6.14, p < .001) smoking was mediated by both negative affect and risk perception. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a need for increasing the sensation value of anti-tobacco messages to increase their efficacy for high SS youth. High SS youth may also benefit from prevention efforts designed to teach healthy ways of coping with negative affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Doran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Reed MB, McCabe C, Lange JE, Clapp JD, Shillington AM. The relationship between alcohol consumption and past-year smoking initiation in a sample of undergraduates. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2010; 36:202-7. [PMID: 20560839 DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2010.493591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although most young people begin smoking before the age of 18, the results of a growing number of recent studies have shown a sizable minority of college students initiate smoking while in college. Moreover, the use of alcohol by college students has been linked to smoking initiation in some studies in the literature. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the association between past-year drinking frequency and past-year smoking initiation among a sample of college students. METHODS A total of 1,523 undergraduate students attending a large urban university in the southwestern United States were invited to participate in an Internet study examining college student lifestyles and behaviors. RESULTS The results of a logistic regression analysis indicated a significant association between past-year alcohol consumption and the likelihood of past-year smoking initiation after controlling for respondent race, the past-year use of marijuana, illicit drug use, and prescription drug use. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest alcohol consumption may serve as an influence on smoking initiation among some college students. These results provide additional support to a growing literature linking alcohol use to smoking initiation in college student populations. Additional research is needed to determine the mechanisms that explain this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Reed
- School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-4419, USA.
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An examination of prepartying and drinking game playing during high school and their impact on alcohol-related risk upon entrance into college. J Youth Adolesc 2009; 39:999-1011. [PMID: 19904593 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-009-9473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Prepartying and drinking game playing are associated with excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol-related negative consequences in college populations; however, research exploring the prevalence of these high risk drinking contexts among high school students, and how such engagement may impact both high school and subsequent college drinking risk, is lacking. The current study, which is the first study to assess prepartying during high school, examined how engaging in either prepartying or drinking game playing during high school was associated with risky high school drinking as well as alcohol use and consequences during the transitional first month of college. The study involved 477 first-year college students, the majority of whom were 18 years old (94%), female (66%), and Caucasian (59%). Prepartying was found to be highly prevalent in high school (45%). Further, students who prepartied or played drinking games during high school drank significantly more in high school than students who did not engage in these high risk activities. Finally, prepartying and game playing during high school were associated with greater collegiate alcohol consumption (controlling for high school drinking) and consequences (controlling for both high school and college drinking). This study establishes prepartying and drinking games as common high risk activities among both high school and incoming first-year college students, and addresses implications for prevention and targeted interventions.
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