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Holden RR, Campos RC, D'Agata MT. An analysis of the Painful and Provocative Events Scale: Some painful and provocative findings. DEATH STUDIES 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38165060 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2023.2300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This research investigated the latent structure and correlates of the 26-item Painful and Provocative Events Scale (PPES). For a sample of 290 community respondents, results from parallel analysis indicated a 5-factor structure. Based on principal axis factoring with varimax rotation, scales of Intense physicality, Physical and mental trauma, Physical risk taking, Psychopathy, and Body enhancement were constructed, and these demonstrated a pattern of convergent and discriminant correlations with suicide-associated and demographic variables that supported the delineation of these scales as being distinct. In general, results challenge the current scoring of the PPES and, with developed scales being differentially related to demographic variables, indicate that both respondent age and sex require consideration for scale score interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald R Holden
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rui C Campos
- Department of Psychology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
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2
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Mambro A, Afshar A, Leone F, Dussault C, Stoové M, Savulescu J, Rich JD, Rowan DH, Sheehan J, Kronfli N. Reimbursing incarcerated individuals for participation in research: A scoping review. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2024; 123:104283. [PMID: 38109837 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about global practices regarding the provision of reimbursement for the participation of people who are incarcerated in research. To determine current practices related to the reimbursement of incarcerated populations for research, we aimed to describe international variations in practice across countries and carceral environments to help inform the development of more consistent and equitable practices. METHODS We conducted a scoping review by searching PubMed, Cochrane library, Medline, and Embase, and conducted a grey literature search for English- and French-language articles published until September 30, 2022. All studies evaluating any carceral-based research were included if recruitment of incarcerated participants occurred inside any non-juvenile carceral setting; we excluded studies if recruitment occurred exclusively following release. Where studies failed to indicate the presence or absence of reimbursement, we assumed none was provided. RESULTS A total of 4,328 unique articles were identified, 2,765 were eligible for full text review, and 426 were included. Of these, 295 (69%) did not offer reimbursement to incarcerated individuals. A minority (n = 13; 4%) included reasons explaining the absence of reimbursement, primarily government-level policies (n = 7). Among the 131 (31%) studies that provided reimbursement, the most common form was monetary compensation (n = 122; 93%); five studies (4%) offered possible reduced sentencing. Reimbursement ranged between $3-610 USD in total and 14 studies (11%) explained the reason behind the reimbursements, primarily researchers' discretion (n = 9). CONCLUSIONS The majority of research conducted to date in carceral settings globally has not reimbursed incarcerated participants. Increased transparency regarding reimbursement (or lack thereof) is needed as part of all carceral research and advocacy efforts are required to change policies prohibiting reimbursement of incarcerated individuals. Future work is needed to co-create international standards for the equitable reimbursement of incarcerated populations in research, incorporating the voices of people with lived and living experience of incarceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mambro
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Avideh Afshar
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frederic Leone
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Camille Dussault
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark Stoové
- Burnet Institute, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julian Savulescu
- Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Josiah D Rich
- Center for Health and Justice Transformation, The Miriam and Rhode Island Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Daniel H Rowan
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Nadine Kronfli
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Lewis C, Fedock G, Garthe R, Lee C. Racial Differences in Suicidal Behaviors and Post-Suicide Attempt Treatment: a Latent Class Analysis of Incarcerated Men's Experiences. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01826-9. [PMID: 37938433 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Community-based research has found racial differences in suicide attempts for Black and White men and in how men are treated after a suicide attempt; however, prison-based research has largely not explored such differences. This study examined racial differences in the circumstances of incarcerated men's suicide attempts and investigated health care disparities in staff responses to these suicide attempts. With administrative data from three state prisons over a 5-year period, we conducted a latent class analysis to explore patterns of suicide attempts for 207 incarcerated men. We examined race as a predictor of class membership. Black men were more likely than White men to use a method of hanging/suffocation for attempting suicide, and they were also commonly subjected to segregation when they attempted suicide. Black men were less likely to receive health care post-attempt than White men. Given the findings of this study, several key researches, practices, and policy directions are needed to prevent suicide and promote the health and well-being of incarcerated men, particularly incarcerated Black men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cashell Lewis
- Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, University of Chicago, 969 E. 60th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Gina Fedock
- Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, University of Chicago, 969 E. 60th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Rachel Garthe
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Carol Lee
- Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Botelho E, Mak I, Clark K, Brem M, Wolford-Clevenger C. External Minority Stress, Gender Dysphoria, and Capability for Suicide Among Transgender Adults: A Daily Diary Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:11707-11726. [PMID: 37491936 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231188138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed whether external gender-related minority stress (i.e., discrimination, rejection, and violence) and gender dysphoria contribute to same-day and next-day acquired capability for suicide (ACS) in a sample of transgender adults residing in the southeastern United States. A sample of transgender participants (n = 38, 84.2% White, average age = 28.6 years) residing in the southeastern United States completed daily surveys on discrimination, rejection, violence, gender dysphoria, and ACS over 30 days (n = 836 of the 1,140 surveys sent out were completed). External minority stress (i.e., rejection, discrimination, and violence) was very common in this sample. External minority stress experiences were reported on 16% of the completed daily surveys, and 68% of the sample reported experiencing such stress at least once over the 30-day study period. Similarly, gender dysphoria occurred on 37.2% of the completed days and was experienced on at least 1 day by 78.9% of the participants over the 30-day survey period. Multilevel modeling showed daily experiences of discrimination and rejection, but not gender dysphoria, were positively associated with same-day ACS. Violence trended toward significance in correlating with same-day capability for suicide. Neither external minority stress nor gender dysphoria were associated with next-day ACS while controlling for acquired capability reported on the previous day. These preliminary data support proximal associations of external gender minority stress with same-day, but not next-day, ACS. Findings from this study advance understanding of how anti-transgender discrimination and violence contribute to increased capability for suicide in a population at increased risk for suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Meagan Brem
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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5
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Caring Texts, a strength-based, suicide prevention trial in 5 native communities: Research design and methods. Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 123:106966. [PMID: 36252937 PMCID: PMC10395650 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their intrinsic strengths and resilience, some American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities experience among the highest rates of suicide of any racial and ethnic group. Caring Contacts is one of the only interventions shown to reduce suicide in clinical trials, but it has not been tested in AI/AN settings. OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of Enhanced Usual Care (control) to Enhanced Usual Care augmented with a culturally adapted version of Caring Contacts (intervention) for reducing suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide-related hospitalizations. METHODS We are implementing a single blind randomized controlled trial of Caring Contacts in five AI/AN communities across the country (South Dakota, Montana, Oklahoma, and Alaska). Eligible participants have to be (1) actively suicidal or have made a suicide attempt within the past year; (2) at least 18 years of age; (3) AI/AN; (4) able to speak and read English; (5) able to participate voluntarily; (6) willing to be contacted by text, email or postal mail; and (7) able to provide consent. Following consent and baseline assessment, participants are randomized to receive either Enhanced Usual Care alone, or Enhanced Usual Care with 12 months (25 messages) of culturally adapted Caring Contacts. Follow-up assessments are conducted at 12 and 18 months. CONCLUSIONS If effective, this study of Caring Contacts will inform programs to reduce suicide in the study communities as well as inform future research on Caring Contacts in other tribal settings. Modifications to continue the trial during the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02825771.
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Baer MM, Tull MT, Gratz KL. Substance Use Frequency Relates to Suicidal Ideation Through Perceived Burdensomeness and to Suicide Attempts Through Capability for Suicide. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 26:1520-1540. [PMID: 34529923 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2021.1931595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although substance use has been linked to both suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, the factors underlying these relations remain unclear. The Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide (ITS) provides a framework for understanding how substance use may increase suicide risk. The purpose of the current study was to examine if frequency of substance use is indirectly related to suicidal ideation and suicide attempts through core ITS variables (i.e., burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and suicide capability). METHODS An online sample of Mechanical Turk workers (N = 365) completed measures assessing substance use frequency, burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, suicide capability, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. RESULTS After controlling for relevant clinical and demographic covariates, substance use frequency was indirectly related to suicidal ideation through burdensomeness but not thwarted belongingness. Substance use frequency was indirectly related to suicide attempts through suicide capability only. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design precludes conclusions about the precise nature and direction of the relations examined. The use of a community sample limits generalizability to more severe substance using samples. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the relevance of distinct ITS factors in the relation between substance use frequency and both suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Results may inform specific targets for novel interventions aimed at reducing suicide risk among substance-using individuals.HighlightsSubstance use frequency was indirectly related to SI through burdensomeness.Substance use frequency was not indirectly related to SI through thwarted belongingness.Substance use frequency was indirectly related to SA only through suicide capability.
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Arafat SMY, Hussain F, Zaman MS, Tabassum T, Islam MK, Shormi FR, Khan AR, Islam MR, Redwan ASM, Giasuddin NA, Mubashir A, Khan MAS. Thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability for suicide among university students of Bangladesh: Scales validation and status assessment. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1025976. [PMID: 36311516 PMCID: PMC9614224 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1025976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of prior mental events of suicide attempts has immense importance in suicide prevention. However, it has not been studied in Bangladesh as there was no available psychometrically valid instrument measuring it. OBJECTIVES We aimed to test the psychometric properties of the interpersonal needs questionnaire (INQ-15) and acquired capability for suicide scale-fearlessness about death (ACSS-FAD) in Bangla along with the determination of the level of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability for suicide. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected data between 29 March and 14 April 2022 from 1,207 students of medical colleges and universities in Bangladesh by Google form. We assessed the psychometric properties of Bangla INQ and ACSS-FAD scales and examined factors associated with thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability for suicide. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 22.82 ± 1.68 (range 18-29) years, 51% were females, 84% were graduate students, and 92% were unmarried. Both of the scales revealed acceptable levels of reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure of Bangla INQ after dropping three items from thwarted belongingness domain (item 9, 11, and 12) and a single factor structure for Bangla ACSS-FAD after dropping three items (item 1, 4, and 6). Perceived burdensomeness was significantly higher in females, students with a history of mental illness, family history of suicide, and the history of suicidal attempts. Fearlessness about death was significantly higher among females, non-Muslim participants, and history of suicidal attempts. CONCLUSION The current study revealed psychometric properties of two suicide scales (INQ and ACSS-FAD) in Bangla that can be used in subsequent studies. Prevention strategies targeting to females, persons with psychiatric disorder, history of previous attempt(s) should be prioritized specially among the young age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahad Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md Khayrul Islam
- Department of Psychiatry, Tairunnessa Memorial Medical College, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Rabin Shormi
- Department of Psychiatry, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anisur Rahman Khan
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A S M Redwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chattogram International Medical College, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Noor Ahmed Giasuddin
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmad Medical College, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Anila Mubashir
- Department of Applied Psychology, National University of Modern Languages, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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8
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Shahnaz A, Bauer BW, Daruwala SE, Klonsky ED. Exploring the scope and structure of suicide capability. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:1230-1240. [PMID: 32924164 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent theories of suicide suggest that a construct called "capability for suicide" facilitates the progression from suicidal thoughts to attempts. Various measures of capability have been developed to assess different parts of the construct, but studies report inconsistent findings regarding reliability, validity, and structure. The present study pooled items from multiple measures to identify distinct, reliable, and valid domains of suicide capability. METHOD We administered items from several suicide capability measures to an online sample of US adults (n = 387), and utilized exploratory factor analysis to identify distinct domains of capability. We then examined the internal consistencies of and intercorrelations among these domains, as well as their associations with suicide attempts. RESULTS Findings identified three domains of suicide capability: fearlessness about death, practical capability, and pain tolerance. These domains were internally consistent (αs = 0.80-0.92), and relatively independent from one another (intercorrelations = 0.15-0.35). Finally, each of these domains was moderately elevated among attempters compared to ideators (although only fearlessness about death and practical capability offered unique information about attempter status). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that fearlessness about death, practical capability, and pain tolerance can be measured reliably, and may be relevant for understanding which ideators make attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Shahnaz
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brian W Bauer
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Samantha E Daruwala
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - E David Klonsky
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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9
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Mitchell SM, Brown SL, Scanlon F, Swogger MT, Delgado D, Ventura MI, Bolaños AD, Morgan RD. Lifetime History of Suicide Attempts among Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity State Hospital Inpatients: The Roles of past Harmful Substance Use and Current Social Support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MENTAL HEALTH 2020; 19:341-353. [PMID: 33223964 PMCID: PMC7678914 DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2020.1775326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study tested current perceived social support (CPSS) as a moderator of the relation between previous substance use (PSU) and lifetime suicide attempt (SA) history among 200 NGRI inpatients. Results indicated no significant CPSS main effect. PSU was associated with greater odds of multiple prior lifetime SA. Moderation indicated those low in PSU but high in CPSS were least likely to report multiple prior lifetime SA. Conversely, NGRI inpatients with high CPSS and high PSU were most likely to report multiple lifetime SA. Our study suggests CPSS and PSU assessments may inform suicide risk assessments and interventions among NGRI inpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, Newyork
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Sarah L. Brown
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Faith Scanlon
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Marc T. Swogger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, Newyork
| | - Darci Delgado
- Division of Clinical Operations, California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, California
| | - Maria I. Ventura
- Division of Clinical Operations, California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, California
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Angelea D. Bolaños
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Robert D. Morgan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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Ferriman M, O'Gorman J, Hawgood J, Rimkeviciene J. Depression, Acquired Capability for Suicide, and Attempted Suicide. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:577-587. [PMID: 31876053 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study sought to replicate, with a community sample and different measures of the critical variables, the finding of Chu et al. (Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2016, 40, 22) in a military sample that suicide attempts were more frequent for those reporting higher numbers of depressive episodes if acquired capability for suicide (ACS) was also high. METHOD An online survey (N = 251) collected data on episodes and severity of depression, number of suicide attempts, and a questionnaire measure of ACS. RESULTS The interaction effect reported by Chu et al. (Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2016, 40, 22) was replicated, but depended on using the Fearlessness of Death component of ACS and the number and not the severity of depressive episodes. CONCLUSION The moderating effect of ACS on the relation between depression and suicide attempts can be demonstrated beyond a military and predominately male sample. Limitations of the study are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ferriman
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, QLD, Australia
| | - John O'Gorman
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, QLD, Australia
| | - Jacinta Hawgood
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, QLD, Australia
| | - Jurgita Rimkeviciene
- Suicidology Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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11
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Wolford-Clevenger C, Stuart GL, Elledge LC, McNulty JK, Spirito A. Proximal Correlates of Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors: A Test of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:249-262. [PMID: 31503359 PMCID: PMC7021570 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide hypothesizes proximal causes of suicidal ideation and behaviors; however, past studies have generally tested distal relations. The present study tested the proximal nature of the theory's hypotheses. METHODS A repeated-measures design collected daily survey data on the theory constructs over 90 days from 206 (150 women) college students with previous histories of suicidal ideation. Participants completed 7,342 (39.6%) of the 18,540 surveys sent. RESULTS Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness both positively associated with passive suicidal ideation at the daily level. A statistical trend revealed that perceived burdensomeness was associated with daily active suicidal ideation only at high levels of thwarted belongingness and hopelessness. Active suicidal ideation, but not capability for suicide, was positively associated with suicidal behavior at the daily level. CONCLUSIONS These results support the theory's predictions regarding passive and active suicidal ideation, with limited support regarding suicidal behaviors. The proximal associations of the IPTS constructs with daily suicidal ideation suggest areas for potential intervention with suicidal clients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anthony Spirito
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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12
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Yang L, Pan D, Li Z, Liu X. Validation of a Chinese Version of the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale. DEATH STUDIES 2019; 45:630-637. [PMID: 31580207 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2019.1671545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to revise and validate a Chinese Version of the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale (ACSS-CV). In study 1 of 395 Chinese college students, a two-factor model comprising fearlessness about death and pain tolerance achieved satisfactory model fit. In study 2 of 491 different students, the ACSS-CV had good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. The ACSS-CV may be considered a useful instrument for measuring the acquired capability for suicide in Chinese college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Di Pan
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Tianjin Daqing Road Primary School, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinchun Liu
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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13
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Jordan JT, Samuelson KW, Tiet QQ. Impulsivity, Painful and Provocative Events, and Suicide Intent: Testing the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2019; 49:1187-1195. [PMID: 30307054 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS; Joiner, 2005. Why People Die by Suicide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press) hypothesizes that repeated exposure to painful and provocative events (PPE) increases capability for suicide (CS), therefore facilitating the development of suicidal intent, and that impulsive individuals are more likely to experience these painful and provocative events, creating an indirect relationship between impulsivity and CS. Research to date largely supports this hypothesis but has not translated this theory to actual suicidal intent. METHOD The present study used data from the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study to examine the relationship between PPE and intent, and the indirect relationship between impulsivity and intent among a sample of 245 recent suicide attempters, using the clinician-rated Suicide Intent Scale as an objective measure of intent. RESULTS Results supported the hypothesized direct relationship between PPE and intent, and the indirect relationship between impulsivity and intent through PPE. There was no direct relationship between impulsivity and intent, suggesting that the relationship between impulsivity and intent occurs entirely through exposure to PPE. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that assessing exposure to painful and provocative events is critical in evaluating risk of suicide, and that impulsivity itself does not confer an increased risk of lethal or nearly lethal attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Quyen Q Tiet
- California School of Professional Psychology at Alliant International University, San Francisco, CA, USA.,National Center for PTSD, Dissemination and Training Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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14
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Wolford-Clevenger C, Smith PN, Kuhlman S, D'Amato D. A Preliminary Test of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide in Women Seeking Shelter From Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2019; 34:2476-2497. [PMID: 27456533 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516660974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Women seeking shelter from intimate partner violence (IPV) are at greater risk of suicide ideation and attempts compared with women in the general population. A theoretically grounded understanding of suicide risk in shelter-seeking women is critical to improve assessment and management of suicide risk in this population. The interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide (IPTS) proposes that suicide ideation results from hopelessness about thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. However, suicide ideation does not progress to death by suicide unless one has acquired the capability for suicide (i.e., pain tolerance and fearlessness about death) via repeated exposure to painful and fearsome events. The present study provides a preliminary test of the IPTS in a sample of 134 women seeking shelter from IPV. First, we examined factors theoretically related to suicide ideation, demonstrating that only at high levels of hopelessness was perceived burdensomeness associated with suicide ideation. The study also examined factors theoretically related to the acquired capability for suicide (ACS), indicating that physical partner violence perpetration was associated with ACS. These findings suggest that perceived burdensomeness, particularly in the context of increased hopelessness, is important in the assessment and treatment of suicide ideation. Furthermore, violence perpetration may indicate greater risk of the capability to die by suicide among women seeking shelter from IPV.
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Navarro-Atienzar F, Zabala-Baños C, Ricarte-Trives JJ. Childhood Trauma as a risk factor for suicidal behaviour in prisons. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE SANIDAD PENITENCIARIA 2019; 21:42-51. [PMID: 31498859 PMCID: PMC6788201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a public health problem worldwide. Although it affects people of any age, race, gender, nationality or culture, the studies reveal that one of the groups that present high risk are the inmates of a penitentiary institution, with suicide figures higher than those of the general population. In recent years, penitentiary institutions around the world are trying to reduce cases of suicide deaths through prevention and early detection programs. However, in countries such as the United Kingdom, Wales or Spain, the figures are still very high. Researchers and professionals from different disciplines have tried to establish the causes and risk factors that can lead to committing suicide. Among them, suffering traumatic events in childhood (childhood trauma) has been established as one of these factors. Recent studies have shown that childhood trauma has a significant incidence in the prison population, thus assuming an important specific risk factor in this population. The objective of this article is to review the risk factors associated with suicide in the penitentiary institution in order to understand the role of childhood trauma, its emotional impact and its relation to suicidal behavior in the prison environment, thereby contributing to the understanding and management of the cases having repercussions in an improvement in the programs for the prevention of suicide in prisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Navarro-Atienzar
- University of Castilla-La Mancha. Master’s Degree in Criminology and Young Offenders. Faculty of Law. Albacete.Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaUniversity of Castilla-La ManchaMaster’s Degree in Criminology and Young OffendersFaculty of LawAlbaceteSpain
| | - C Zabala-Baños
- University of Castilla-La Mancha. Faculty of Occupational Therapy, Speech Therapy and Nursing. Talavera de la Reina. Toledo.Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaUniversity of Castilla-La ManchaFaculty of Occupational Therapy, Speech Therapy and NursingTalavera de la Reina. ToledoSpain
| | - JJ Ricarte-Trives
- University of Castilla-La Mancha. Faculty of Medicine. Albacete.Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaUniversity of Castilla-La ManchaFaculty of MedicineAlbaceteSpain
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Cero I, Zuromski KL, Witte TK, Fix RL, Burkhart B. Race, Offense Type, and Suicide Ideation: Tests of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory in Juvenile Offenders. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2018; 48:544-558. [PMID: 28833378 PMCID: PMC8932674 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the synergy hypothesis of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS), which argues thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness are positively interactive in their association with suicide ideation, in a group of juvenile offenders. It also examined whether this prediction is differentially applicable across race/ethnicity or offense type. Participants included 590 adjudicated and confined male juveniles. Regression was used to test the association between suicide ideation and thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and their interaction term. Subsequent analyses included tests of group interactions related to race/ethnicity and offense type. No interaction between thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness was observed, despite adequate power. No significant group interactions were observed for race/ethnicity or offense type. However, results did show significant linear relationships between thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and ideation, highlighting their potential utility as intervention targets in this at-risk population. Thus, although the current results are the first to show the basic IPTS risk factors generalize across race/ethnicity and offense type, they also failed to support that those factors were interactive, a primary IPTS claim. The absence of an interaction between thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness suggests their role in suicide ideation for juvenile offenders may be more parsimonious than the IPTS proposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Cero
- Department of Psychology; Auburn University; Auburn AL USA
| | | | - Tracy K. Witte
- Department of Psychology; Auburn University; Auburn AL USA
| | - Rebecca L. Fix
- Department of Psychology; Auburn University; Auburn AL USA
| | - Barry Burkhart
- Department of Psychology; Auburn University; Auburn AL USA
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Mandracchia J, Sylvara A, Wikowsky A, Tieman K, Smith P. An Exploratory Analysis of Violent Offending and the Acquired Capability for Suicide in Male Prisoners. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2018; 62:3436-3446. [PMID: 29611438 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x17740558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide has offered some understanding as to why inmates are at a disproportionately high risk to die by suicide. The present study was designed to investigate how one aspect of the theory, the acquired capability for suicide, may differ between prison inmates with violent offenses versus those without. Data from 343 male prisoners within the Mississippi Department of Corrections were used to examine potential differences between these two groups on scales of the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale. Contrary to the hypothesis that violent offenders would evidence higher levels of acquired capability, only the Spectator Enjoyment of Violence subscale was significantly different between the two groups, with nonviolent offenders producing higher scores. Potential explanations for these findings and implications for correctional mental health care providers are discussed.
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Seo JW, Kwon SM. Preliminary Validation of a Korean Version of the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale-Fearlessness About Death. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2018; 48:305-314. [PMID: 28591462 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide proposes that the desire for suicide must be accompanied by the capability to do so in order for an individual to engage in suicidal behavior. The Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale-Fearlessness about Death (ACSS-FAD) measures fearlessness about death, a core component of the capability for suicide. This study aimed to validate a Korean version of the ACSS-FAD in a college student sample. We administered the ACSS-FAD and measures of suicide ideation, fear of suicide, death anxiety, pain anxiety, and depression in a sample of Korean college students (N = 301) and analyzed its reliability, factor structure, invariance across genders, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. The one-factor model achieved satisfactory model fit. Across genders, partial metric invariance and partial scalar invariance were established. The results also revealed that the ACSS-FAD has good internal consistency, convergent validity (positive correlations with fear of suicide, death anxiety, and pain anxiety), and discriminant validity (no relation with depression). The Korean version of the ACSS-FAD presents adequate psychometric properties and may be considered to be a promising instrument for measuring fearlessness about death in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Won Seo
- Department of Psychology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seok-Man Kwon
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Sánchez FC, Fearn N, Vaughn MG. Risk Factors Associated With Near-Lethal Suicide Attempts During Incarceration Among Men in the Spanish Prison System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2018; 62:1452-1473. [PMID: 28129703 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x16689833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies conducted worldwide indicate that near-lethal suicide attempts are common among incarcerated populations. However, little research attention has been focused on the Spanish prison population. To address this gap in the literature, data were drawn from a sample of men ( N = 2,270) incarcerated in seven prisons in Spain. We compared sociodemographic, criminal/offense, health and mental health, and life events in prison variables between inmates who reported making near-lethal suicide attempts ( n = 616) and those who did not ( n = 1,654) during their current incarceration term. A series of binary and multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that a variety of variables were associated ( p values < .001) with near-lethal suicide attempts, including prior-to-prison employment status, family members in prison, recidivist in prison, childhood trauma, work status in prison, and disciplinary infractions. Our study findings are discussed in light of developing more effective strategies and prevention interventions to reduce attempted suicide in the Spanish Prison System.
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Anestis JC, Anestis MD, Preston OC. Psychopathic personality traits as a form of dispositional capability for suicide. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:193-202. [PMID: 29453038 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The capability to enact lethal self-harm has recently been highlighted as a critical risk factor for suicidal behavior. Klonsky and May's (2015) three step theory of suicide (3ST) expanded upon the construct of the capability for suicide by dividing it into categories: dispositional, acquired, and practical. The current study examined constructs of Patrick and colleagues' (2009) triarchic model of psychopathy as indicators of dispositional capability in gun owners, a sample at heightened risk for death by suicide (Anestis and Houtsma, 2017). We anticipated that specific psychopathic traits would exhibit robust associations with other components of the capability for suicide. In a sample of 300 gun-owning adults, Boldness was uniquely related to all indicators of practical capability in both male and female gun owners, and a Boldness*Meanness interaction predicted the highest levels of some capability components. These results are consistent with theoretical conceptualizations of the triarchic model. Our findings indicate that, among US gun owners, dispositional factors may impact comfort with and aptitude with guns, which may enhance our understanding of which gun owners are at the greatest risk of gun suicide should they develop suicidal thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joye C Anestis
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.
| | - Michael D Anestis
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Olivia C Preston
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
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Matney J, Westers NJ, Horton SE, King JD, Eaddy M, Emslie GJ, Kennard BD, Stewart SM. Frequency and Methods of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Relation to Acquired Capability for Suicide Among Adolescents. Arch Suicide Res 2018; 22:91-105. [PMID: 28121238 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2017.1283266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to test the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) proposal that the association of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) with suicide attempt is mediated by acquired capability. Inpatient adolescents (n = 134) reported on suicide ideation and attempts, NSSI frequency and methods, depressive symptoms, and acquired capability for suicide. Consistent with the IPTS, both measures of NSSI were positively associated with acquired capability after accounting for depressive symptoms and past history of attempts. However, both NSSI measures explained independent variance in number of suicide attempts after controlling for suicide ideation and acquired capability. These findings contradict the IPTS and suggest that the role of NSSI in suicide attempt is mediated by variables external to the IPTS.
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Chu C, Buchman-Schmitt JM, Stanley IH, Hom MA, Tucker RP, Hagan CR, Rogers ML, Podlogar MC, Chiurliza B, Ringer-Moberg FB, Michaels MS, Patros C, Joiner TE. The interpersonal theory of suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis of a decade of cross-national research. Psychol Bull 2017; 143:1313-1345. [PMID: 29072480 PMCID: PMC5730496 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the interpersonal theory of suicide has contributed to substantial advances in the scientific and clinical understanding of suicide and related conditions. The interpersonal theory of suicide posits that suicidal desire emerges when individuals experience intractable feelings of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness and near-lethal or lethal suicidal behavior occurs in the presence of suicidal desire and capability for suicide. A growing number of studies have tested these posited pathways in various samples; however, these findings have yet to be evaluated meta-analytically. This paper aimed to (a) conduct a systematic review of the unpublished and published, peer-reviewed literature examining the relationship between interpersonal theory constructs and suicidal thoughts and behaviors, (b) conduct meta-analyses testing the interpersonal theory hypotheses, and (c) evaluate the influence of various moderators on these relationships. Four electronic bibliographic databases were searched through the end of March, 2016: PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Hypothesis-driven meta-analyses using random effects models were conducted using 122 distinct unpublished and published samples. Findings supported the interpersonal theory: the interaction between thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness was significantly associated with suicidal ideation; and the interaction between thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and capability for suicide was significantly related to a greater number of prior suicide attempts. However, effect sizes for these interactions were modest. Alternative configurations of theory variables were similarly useful for predicting suicide risk as theory-consistent pathways. We conclude with limitations and recommendations for the interpersonal theory as a framework for understanding the suicidal spectrum. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Chu
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, Tallahassee, FL
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Ian H. Stanley
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Melanie A. Hom
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Raymond P. Tucker
- Louisiana State University, Department of Psychology, Baton Rouge, LA
| | | | - Megan L. Rogers
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, Tallahassee, FL
| | | | - Bruno Chiurliza
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, Tallahassee, FL
| | | | | | - Connor Patros
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Thomas E. Joiner
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, Tallahassee, FL
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Brown SL, Roush JF, Marshall AJ, Mitchell SM, Cukrowicz KC. A Psychometric Investigation of the Painful and Provocative Events Scale: Moving Forward. Arch Suicide Res 2017; 22:628-643. [PMID: 29621429 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2017.1392914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Acquired capability for suicide is posited to develop through repeated exposure to physically painful and psychologically provocative events; however, there is limited research evaluating the assessment of painful and provocative events. The current study examined the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the Painful and Provocative Events Scale (PPES). Categorical exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted in a sample of undergraduate students (N = 732). A 15-item PPES with a 3-factor solution best fits the data; however, both the subscales derived from factor analyses yielded inconsistent validity and reliability. Despite addressing limitations of previous psychometric investigations of the PPES, the inconsistent findings of the current study suggest the theoretical reconceptualization of painful and provocative events and the subsequent development of a valid and reliable assessment of painful and provocative events is needed to take the place of current versions of the PPES.
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Rogers ML, Ringer FB, Michaels MS, Chiurliza B, Hagan CR, Chu C, Schneider ME, Lim IC, Joiner TE. Sex Differences in Suicide-Related Symptoms in a Large Military Sample. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 5:73-80. [PMID: 28944102 DOI: 10.1080/21635781.2016.1243496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Little research has focused on suicide-related symptoms in female servicemembers, despite high rates of suicidal behaviors. This study examined sex differences in suicide-related risk factors in 3,374 U.S. Army Recruiters (91.9% male). Female servicemembers had a greater number of past major depressive and suicidal ideation episodes than males; there were no differences in suicide attempt histories or mental health visits. Females reported significantly fewer symptoms of current suicidal ideation, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability. No significant sex differences emerged for thwarted belongingness, insomnia, or agitation. Our findings provide evidence for sex differences in rates of suicide-related symptoms among military personnel.
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Bryson CN, Cramer RJ, Schmidt AT. Traumatic brain injury and lifetime suicidality: Applying the interpersonal-psychological theory perspective. DEATH STUDIES 2017; 41:399-405. [PMID: 28426348 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2017.1320340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present article investigates the traumatic brain injury (TBI)-suicide link, assessing whether (a) TBI accounts for variance in suicide risk, and (b) the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide can be applied to TBI status. Matched case-control procedures applied to archival college student health data identified TBI and non-TBI subsamples (84 total). Individuals with a TBI possessed higher suicide risk than those without. Even accounting for the relative influence of strong suicide risk factors (i.e., depression, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and acquired capability), TBI was robustly associated with suicide risk. TBI history would be valuable to ascertain in assessing suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire N Bryson
- a Department of Psychology and Philosophy , Sam Houston State University , Huntsville , Texas , USA
| | - Robert J Cramer
- b School of Community and Environmental Health , Old Dominion University , Norfolk , Virginia , USA
| | - Adam T Schmidt
- c Department of Psychological Sciences , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , Texas , USA
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Cramer RJ, Wechsler HJ, Miller SL, Yenne E. Suicide Prevention in Correctional Settings. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2017; 23:313-328. [DOI: 10.1177/1078345817716162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Cramer
- School of Community & Environmental Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Elise Yenne
- Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
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Suicide in Illinois, 2005-2010: A reflection of patterns and risks by age groups and opportunities for targeted prevention. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2017; 81:S30-5. [PMID: 27244579 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide accounts for two thirds of all deaths from intentional or violence-related injury and is a leading cause of death in the United States. Patterns of suicide have been well described among high-risk groups, but few studies have compared the circumstances related to suicides across all age groups. We sought to understand the epidemiology of suicide cases in Illinois and to characterize the risks and patterns for suicide among different age groups. METHODS We used suicide data collected from the Illinois Violent Death Reporting System to assess demographics, method of suicide, circumstances, and mental health status among different age groups. RESULTS Between 2005 and 2010, 3,016 suicides were reported; 692 (23%) were female, and the median age (n = 3,013) was 45 years (range, 10-98 years). The most common method/weapon types were hanging/strangulation (33%), firearm (32%) and poisoning (21%). Hanging was more common (74%) among young people aged 10 to 19 years, while firearm use was more common among elderly persons age 65 years and older (55%). The percentage of victims within an age group experiencing a crisis within two weeks before committing suicide was highest among 10- to 14-year-olds, while the risk factor of having a family member or friend die in the past 5 years was highest among older victims. CONCLUSION The final analysis demonstrated age-related trends in suicide in Illinois, suggesting prevention programs should tailor services by age. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiologic study, level IV.
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Wolford-Clevenger C, Brem MJ, Elmquist J, Florimbio AR, Smith PN, Stuart GL. A test of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide among arrested domestic violence offenders. Psychiatry Res 2017; 249:195-199. [PMID: 28119172 PMCID: PMC5325799 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about risk factors for suicide ideation and attempts among domestic violence offenders. Guided by the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide, this cross-sectional study examined risk factors for suicide ideation and attempts among 312 men and 84 women arrested for domestic violence and mandated to attend batterer intervention programs. Men reported greater capability for suicide, but no gender differences were found in perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. After controlling for correlates of suicide ideation, perceived burdensomeness-but not thwarted belongingness or its interaction with perceived burdensomeness-associated with suicide ideation. Suicide attempters exhibited greater perceived burdensomeness, drug use and problems, borderline personality disorder symptoms, depressive symptoms, and suicide ideation, but not capability for suicide, than nonattempters. Gender did not moderate the associations of the IPTS constructs with suicide ideation and attempts. These findings parallel tests of the interpersonal-psychological theory in other samples. Additional work is needed to identify factors that distinguish risk for suicide ideation from risk for suicide attempts among domestic violence offenders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Wolford-Clevenger
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, 204 Austin Peay Bldg., Knoxville, TN 37996-0900, USA.
| | - Meagan J. Brem
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, 204 Austin Peay Bldg. Knoxville, TN 37996-0900, USA
| | - JoAnna Elmquist
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, 204 Austin Peay Bldg., Knoxville, TN 37996-0900, USA.
| | - Autumn Rae Florimbio
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, 204 Austin Peay Bldg., Knoxville, TN 37996-0900, USA.
| | - Phillip N. Smith
- Psychology Department, University of South Alabama, UCOM 1000, 75 S. University Blvd., Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Gregory L. Stuart
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, 204 Austin Peay Bldg. Knoxville, TN 37996-0900, USA
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Poindexter EK, Nazem S, Forster JE. Painful and provocative events scale and fearlessness about death among Veterans: Exploratory factor analysis. J Affect Disord 2017; 208:528-534. [PMID: 27817911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interpersonal theory of suicide suggests three proximal risk factors for suicide: perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and acquired capability. Previous literature indicates that repetitive exposure to painful and provocative events is related to increased acquired capability for suicide. Despite this, research related to the assessment of painful and provocative events has been insufficient. Research has inconsistently administered the Painful and Provocative Events Scale (PPES; a painful and provocative events assessment), and no study has examined the factor structure of the English PPES. This study explored the factor structure of the PPES and the relation between factors and fearlessness about death. METHODS The sample was a cross-sectional, self-report study comprised of 119 Veterans (Mage = 46.5, SD = 13.5). RESULTS Findings from an exploratory factor analysis indicated a four-factor solution for the PPES; however, no factor from the PPES significantly related to fearlessness about death (measured by the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale - Fearlessness About Death Scale; all p >.21). LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional, small Veteran sample. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the PPES lacks the psychometric properties necessary to reliably investigate painful and provocative factors. Consequently, this measure may not reliably capture and explain how painful and provocative events relate to fearlessness about death, which is a barrier to improving suicide risk assessment and prediction. Recommendations for the construction of a new PPES are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Poindexter
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), USA; Texas Tech University, USA
| | - Sarra Nazem
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), USA; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, USA.
| | - Jeri E Forster
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), USA; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, USA
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Kreuze E, Lamis DA. A Review of Psychometrically Tested Instruments Assessing Suicide Risk in Adults. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2017; 77:36-90. [PMID: 28056621 DOI: 10.1177/0030222816688151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify suicidal ideation and behavior screening instruments with the strongest psychometric properties, using the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicidal Behavior. METHODS Information databases PsycINFO and PubMed were systematically searched, and articles evaluating the psychometric properties of instruments assessing suicidal ideation and behavior ( n = 2,238) were reviewed. International populations and articles with diverse methodologies were integrated. RESULTS Review of records resulted in the inclusion of 51 articles that assessed 16 instruments. The majority of studies used the English language version (68.6%) and included U.S. populations (65.7%). However, global populations and non-English language versions were also represented. CONCLUSION More diverse population representation, and non-English versions of instruments, is required to improve generalizability of assessment measures. Including underrepresented groups and non-English instruments will promote culturally and linguistically sensitive instruments that may better assess suicide risk in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kreuze
- 1 Medical University of South Carolina, College of Nursing, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Dorian A Lamis
- 2 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Construct Validity of the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale: Factor Structure, Convergent and Discriminant Validity. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-016-9576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Smith PN, Stanley IH, Joiner TE, Sachs-Ericsson NJ, Van Orden KA. An Aspect of the Capability for Suicide-Fearlessness of the Pain Involved in Dying-Amplifies the Association Between Suicide Ideation and Attempts. Arch Suicide Res 2016; 20:650-62. [PMID: 26984289 PMCID: PMC5025334 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2016.1162245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The interpersonal theory of suicide posits that individuals who experience suicide ideation will only develop suicidal intent, and subsequently engage in suicidal behavior when they have concomitant fearlessness about death and tolerance for physical pain (i.e., the capability for suicide). The current studies examined the hypothesis that one aspect of the capability for suicide-fearlessness of the pain involved in dying-would amplify the positive association between current suicide ideation and a previous suicide attempt in two samples at high risk for experiencing suicide ideation and suicide attempts. Study 1 examined this relation using self-report methods in a sample of adults entering treatment in a mental health outpatient clinic. Study 2 utilized similar methods in a sample of adults admitted to inpatient psychiatry. Both studies indicated that those individuals who reported suicide ideation were more likely than non-ideators to report having attempted suicide only if they also reported greater fearlessness of the pain involved in dying. The current findings support the theorized role of the capability for suicide in the transition from ideation to attempt and also support assessing the capability for suicide in risk assessment.
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Smith PN, Selwyn C, D’Amato D, Granato S, Kuhlman S, Mandracchia JT. Life experiences and the acquired capability for suicide in incarcerated men. DEATH STUDIES 2016; 40:432-439. [PMID: 27050295 PMCID: PMC5069967 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2016.1171264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of death in U.S. prisons. Prisoners may be at risk for suicide due to their greater likelihood of experiencing events that promote the acquired capability for suicide. The current study examined the associations of 10 domains of life experiences with the acquired capability for suicide in 399 male prisoners. All life experience domains were associated with acquired capability with certain domains evidencing relatively stronger relations. Results support that aggression, thrill seeking, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and accidental injury may be particularly important to the development of the acquired capability for suicide in prisoners.
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Silva C, Hagan CR, Rogers ML, Chiurliza B, Podlogar MC, Hom MA, Tzoneva M, Lim IC, Joiner TE. Evidence for the Propositions of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide Among a Military Sample. J Clin Psychol 2016; 73:669-680. [PMID: 27478932 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the interpersonal theory of suicide may explain the elevated suicide risk among military service members, past explorations have been equivocal. This study aimed to investigate the propositions of the interpersonal theory in a sample of U.S. Army recruiters. METHOD Participants (N = 3,428) completed self-report measures assessing the interpersonal theory's constructs (i.e., thwarted belongingness (TB), perceived burdensomeness (PB), acquired capability for suicide), current suicidal ideation, agitation, and insomnia. History of depression was obtained from medical records. RESULTS Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that the interaction between TB and PB was associated with current suicidal ideation, controlling for depression, agitation, and insomnia. This effect was especially notable among those with high capability for suicide. CONCLUSION Findings provide support for the interpersonal theory in a large, diverse military sample. It may be advantageous to assess and therapeutically address TB and PB among at-risk service members.
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Grossman AH, Park JY, Russell ST. Transgender Youth and Suicidal Behaviors: Applying the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2016; 20:329-349. [PMID: 28344728 PMCID: PMC5363722 DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2016.1207581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The interpersonal psychological theory of suicide (IPTS) was used to examine suicidal thoughts and behaviors among 129 transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) youth. Youth were categorized according to their gender identities: female-to-male (FTM), male-to-female (MTF), female-to-different-gender (FTDG), and male-to-different gender (MTDG). Higher percentages of suicidal ideation were reported by FTDG and FTM youth; and higher percentages of suicide attempts by FTDG and MTDG youth. Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness were significantly related to suicidal ideation and/or suicide attempts. Experiences of painful, provocative and harmful events and acquired capability significantly predicted suicide attempts. The findings support IPTS in explaining suicidal behaviors among TGNC youth. Implications for prevention and intervention efforts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold H Grossman
- Department of Applied Psychology, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University
| | - Jung Yeon Park
- Institute of Human Development and Social Change, New York University
| | - Stephen T Russell
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin
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Spangenberg L, Hallensleben N, Friedrich M, Teismann T, Kapusta ND, Glaesmer H. Dimensionality, psychometric properties and population-based norms of the German version of the Revised Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale (ACSS-FAD). Psychiatry Res 2016; 238:46-52. [PMID: 27086210 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was the validation of the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale-Fearlessness about Death (ACSS-FAD) in a large population sample to further establish its reliability and validity, and to provide norm values. We assessed the ACSS-FAD, measures of depression, history of suicidal behavior, and anxiety in a representative sample of the German population (N=2513) and analyzed its dimensionality, invariance across sex and construct validity by means of confirmatory factor analysis, correlational analysis and analysis of variance. The one-factorial structure achieved satisfactory model fit after introducing several correlating error terms. Across sex, partial scalar invariance could be established. Depression and anxiety showed negative associations with the ACSS-FAD while no relation with past suicidal behavior was found. Because mean scores in the ACSS-FAD were affected by sex and age group, sex and age-specific norm values were calculated. Our findings support the one-factorial structure of the ACSS-FAD when the measurement model is slightly modified, pointing out the need of revising the wording of some items. The validity of the measure should be further examined in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Spangenberg
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nina Hallensleben
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Friedrich
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nestor D Kapusta
- Medical University Vienna, Department for Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Leipzig, Germany.
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Ream GL. The Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide in College Student Suicide Screening. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2016; 46:239-47. [PMID: 26317690 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Suicide screening on campus is limited by effectiveness of existing questionnaires. This study tests whether Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) constructs may be more effective in screening than traditional risk factors measures like the Interactive Screening Protocol (ISP). Participants were 188 traditional-age students from three different campuses recruited through a subject pool and peer recruiters. IPTS risk variables as a set explained all likelihood of higher risk responses to suicidality questions that was otherwise explained by risk factors, plus additional likelihood besides. Current IPTS measures are no screening "magic bullet," but further inquiry into use of these constructs is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey L Ream
- School of Social Work, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
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Al-Haddad S, Kotnour T. Integrating the organizational change literature: a model for successful change. JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1108/jocm-11-2013-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to contribute a roadmap to the change management literature, and provide definitions for describing change types, change enablers and change methods. This paper also proposes aligning the change type with the change method to find the effect on the change outcomes. New researchers can use this paper to get an overview of the change management discipline along with the main concepts that help in understanding the different dimensions of and relationships between the change types and methods in the literature. Managers can use this paper to describe and classify their organizational change situation and select an implementation method for systematic change and for change management.
Design/methodology/approach
– This framework is designed based on literature review and experts judgment.
Findings
– The results of the research propose a hypothesis that describes the relationships between the change types and methods and how this relationship can affect the change outcomes.
Originality/value
– The main contribution of this research paper is to connect three main knowledge areas of change types, change methods and change outcomes. These three areas are standalone subjects in several publications in the literature. Some researchers connected the change types and change methods, while other researchers connected the change methods and change outcomes. But connecting the change types, change methods and change outcomes remains a new research territory to explore.
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Teismann T, Forkmann T, Wachtel S, Edel MA, Nyhuis P, Glaesmer H. The german version of the painful and provocative events scale: a psychometric investigation. Psychiatry Res 2015; 226:264-72. [PMID: 25631689 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The interpersonal theory of suicide (Joiner, T.E., 2005. Why People Die By Suicide. Harvard University Press, Cambridge) postulates that, for a serious or lethal suicide attempt one has to possess a desire to die and the capability to commit suicide. The capability is proposed to be acquired over time by repeated experiences with painful and provocative events such as self-injurious behavior and other experiences such as childhood abuse, combat exposure, physical fights, promiscuous sex, and playing contact sports. Up to now, experiences with painful and provocative events are measured with various versions of the Painful and Provocative Events Scale (PPES). However, a thorough validation of this assessment instrument is still lacking. Our study aimed at validating the German version of PPES, with two clinical (n=424) and one community sample (n=532). Results support a two-factor structure (eight items "active painful and provocative events", four items "passive painful and provocative events") that was invariant across the three subsamples. Nonetheless, low factor loadings, low indicator reliabilities, moderate construct reliability and mixed evidence for construct validity indicate that the PPES in its current form appears to be of limited use. The development of a new instrument to assess painful and provocative events seems appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Teismann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany.
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Sarah Wachtel
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Marc-Andreas Edel
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital. Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Germany
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Wolford-Clevenger C, Febres J, Zapor H, Elmquist J, Bliton C, Stuart GL. Interpersonal violence, alcohol use, and acquired capability for suicide. DEATH STUDIES 2015; 39:234-241. [PMID: 25551677 PMCID: PMC4382396 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2014.985405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Acquired capability for suicide (ACS), defined as pain tolerance and fearlessness about death, is theorized as necessary to enact suicide. This study examined the associations of interpersonal violence and alcohol use with ACS in 502 college students. General fearlessness/pain tolerance was positively associated with male gender and alcohol use. Fearlessness about death was positively associated with male gender and general physical violence perpetration. However, these risk factors did not explain variance in ACS beyond male gender and history of suicide attempts/nonsuicidal self-injury. These findings add to the understanding of ACS correlates.
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Cramer RJ, Stroud CH, Fraser T, Graham J. A trait-interpersonal analysis of suicide proneness among lesbian, gay, and bisexual community members. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2014; 44:601-15. [PMID: 24702204 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Suicide remains a concerning issue for lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) persons. The integrated effects of five-factor model personality traits and interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide (IPTS) constructs on suicide proneness in a community sample of 336 LGB adults were examined. Results supported a model inclusive of all five-factor model domains predicting IPTS constructs leading to suicide proneness. Effects of neuroticism and extraversion were both mediated by perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Thwarted belongingness mediated the effect of agreeableness on suicide proneness. Identified mediation pathways build on existing trait-interpersonal theory and may inform clinical services for sexual minority persons.
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Wachtel S, Vocks S, Edel MA, Nyhuis P, Willutzki U, Teismann T. Validation and psychometric properties of the German Capability for Suicide Questionnaire. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55:1292-302. [PMID: 24721192 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aimed at the validation of the newly developed German Capability for Suicide Questionnaire, the GCSQ. It is supposed to assess both fearlessness of death and pain tolerance, both facets of the acquired capability to commit suicide as postulated by the interpersonal theory of suicide. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on two clinical (n=424) and an online sample (n=532). Factor structure, convergent and discriminant validity, predictive validity as well as test-retest reliability were investigated. RESULTS Two factors-"Fearlessness of Death" and "Pain Tolerance"-were derived. One item, the "perceived capability" item, assesses the subject's self-perception of acquired capability. Both subscales and the "perceived capability"-item demonstrate good construct validity and a high test-retest reliability. Fearlessness of death proves to be predictive for the occurrence of suicidal behaviors, whereas the importance of pain tolerance for suicidal behaviors was not confirmed. The subject's perception of his own capability is of high predictive value for both attempt status and suicidal behaviors. CONCLUSION The GCSQ seems to be a useful measure of pain tolerance, fearlessness of death and the self-perception of acquired capability of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wachtel
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany.
| | - Silja Vocks
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute for Psychology, Universität Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Marc-Andreas Edel
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Willutzki
- Department for Psychology and Psychotherapy, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
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Ribeiro JD, Witte TK, Van Orden KA, Selby EA, Gordon KH, Bender TW, Joiner TE. Fearlessness about death: the psychometric properties and construct validity of the revision to the acquired capability for suicide scale. Psychol Assess 2014; 26:115-26. [PMID: 24274043 PMCID: PMC4093903 DOI: 10.1037/a0034858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide proposes that suicidal behavior is so frightening that in order for an individual to engage in suicidal behavior, desire for suicide must be accompanied by the capability to do so. The capability for suicide is characterized by both a sense of fearlessness about death and elevated physiological pain tolerance. The primary aim of the current project was to reevaluate and revise the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale (ACSS; Van Orden, Witte, Gordon, Bender, & Joiner, 2008) and offer a revision to the scale. Expert review of the scale items resulted in retaining 7 items assessing fearlessness about death. The recommendation is made to refer to the revised scale as the ACSS-Fearlessness About Death (ACSS-FAD) to reflect its content more specifically. A model with the 7 retained items provided good fit to the data across 3 independent samples of young adults. Multiple-group analyses examining measurement invariance across men and women found that the latent structure of the scale is comparable across gender. Data are also presented demonstrating convergent and discriminant validity for the scale in young adults and an inpatient psychiatric sample. Findings support the viability of the ACSS-FAD, indicating the scale has a replicable factor structure that generalizes across males and females and is substantively related to the construct of fearlessness about death. Taken together, the present work extends knowledge of the psychometrics of the ACSS-FAD in particular and the nature of fearlessness about death in general.
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