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Yasir Arafat SM, Kar SK, Amin R. Gender and Geographical Distribution of Editorial Board Members of Three Leading Suicide Journals. Crisis 2024; 45:159-163. [PMID: 37476951 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Despite the recent progress of women in academia, there is an underrepresentation of female editors in academic journals. Additionally, although suicide affects more low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) than high-income countries, little is known about the geographical distribution of editors in suicidology journals. Aims: We aimed to determine the gender and geographical distribution of the editorial board members (EBMs) of leading suicide journals. Method: Data were collected between November 27 and 29, 2022. We purposively selected suicidology journals, searched the journal websites, and extracted data on the gender and affiliated country of the EBM to identify the continent and income category of the country. Results: The proportion of female EBMs was 32.37% with better representation in senior positions. Only six positions (3.47%) were occupied by four individuals affiliated with LMIC backgrounds. The highest number of EBMs was located in North America (58.38%) while one member was from Africa. Limitations: Only three purposively selected journals were scrutinized. Conclusion: This study reveals that approximately one third of the editorial positions were occupied by women and less than 4% of editors were from LMICs, where suicide represents a significant burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Rizwana Amin
- Department of Professional Psychology, Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan
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Anjum A, Mousum S, Ratan ZA, Salwa M, Khan MMH, Islam MT, Arafat SMY, Haque MA. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and associated factors in Bangladeshi adolescents during COVID-19. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1927. [PMID: 38390353 PMCID: PMC10883089 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The COVID-19 pandemic and its accompanying countermeasures significantly disrupt the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of adolescents. We aimed to estimate the status and associated factors related to HRQoL of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic from the community population of Bangladesh. Methods This cross-sectional study followed two-stage sampling. From eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh, 2030 adolescents were enrolled. The KIDSCREEN-10 index was used to measure the HRQoL of adolescents. In addition to this, adolescents' data on sociodemographics, mental well-being, parenting style, insomnia, food insecurity, depression, anxiety and stress, resilient coping, screen-based activity, and anthropometry were taken for finding out the factors associated with HRQoL of adolescents. The hierarchical multilinear regression was performed to assess the association. Results More than 47% of adolescents were found to have moderate and high HRQoL, while 4.7% of adolescents experienced low HRQoL during data collection. Higher age (B: -0.671), having more siblings (B: -0.316), food insecurity (B: ‒2.010), depression (B: ‒0.321), anxiety (B: ‒0.362), and stress (B: ‒0.150) were found to have significantly negative associations with adolescents' HRQoL during the COVID-19 pandemic. Whereas, positive parenting (B: 0.409), inconsistent parenting discipline (B: 0.266), good mental health (B: 5.662), resilient coping (B: 0.306) were found to have significant positive relationships. Conclusions The findings from this study indicate that over 52% of the adolescents reported a moderate and lower level of HRQoL. In light of these results, it may be beneficial to prioritize interventions targeting psychological factors such as depression, anxiety, and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afifa Anjum
- Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Department of Public Health and Informatics Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Sabrina Mousum
- Department of Public Health and Informatics Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Zubair Ahmed Ratan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Khulna University of Engineering and Technology Khulna Bangladesh
- School of Health & Society, Faculty of The Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia
| | - Marium Salwa
- Department of Public Health and Informatics Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Md Maruf H Khan
- Department of Public Health and Informatics Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Tanvir Islam
- Department of Internal Medicine Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry Enam Medical College and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - M Atiqul Haque
- Department of Public Health and Informatics Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
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Menon V, Kar SK, Gupta S, Baminiwatta A, Mustafa AB, Sharma P, Abhijita B, Arafat SMY. Electroconvulsive therapy in South Asia: Past, present, and future. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 92:103875. [PMID: 38157713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The practice of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) varies both between and within countries. We aimed to review historical and current trends in ECT practices, perceptions, and legislations in South Asia, a region with a high burden of mental illness and suicide. We searched MEDLINE (PubMed) and Google Scholar databases for relevant literature on ECT from each country. Additionally, a team of country-specific investigators performed supplemental searches and contacted key country contacts for relevant information. Relevant data were abstracted under the following headings: ECT practices, perceptions, and legislations. Knowledge gaps and research priorities were synthesized. Modified bitemporal ECT, delivered using brief pulse devices, was most commonly offered across institutions. Schizophrenia, not affective illness, was the most common indication. Electroencephalographic monitoring of seizures was rarely practiced. Thiopentone or propofol was preferred for anesthetic induction, while the favored muscle relaxant was succinylcholine. In India and Sri Lanka, perceptions about ECT were largely favorable; not so in Pakistan and Nepal. Only India and Pakistan had laws that governed any aspect of ECT practice; ECT practice guidelines were available only in India. There is a lack of research on efficacy, ECT in special populations, continuation ECT practices, and interventions to improve ECT-related perceptions. Most regional institutions offered modified brief-pulse ECT, and schizophrenia was the most common indication. Knowledge of and attitude towards ECT varied between countries. There is a need to develop a regional ECT consortium to facilitate uniform training, advocacy efforts, and the development of regional practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605006, India.
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Snehil Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Saket Nagar, Bhopal 462020, India
| | - Anuradha Baminiwatta
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya 11600, Sri Lanka
| | - Ali Burhan Mustafa
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab 64200, Pakistan
| | - Pawan Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal
| | - Bandita Abhijita
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605006, India
| | - S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam medical College and Hospital, Savar-1340, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Arafat SMY, Baminiwatta A, Menon V, Sharma P, Htay MNN, Akter H, Marthoenis M, Dorji C. Prevalence of Suicidal Behavior Among Students in South-East Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Arch Suicide Res 2024; 28:50-70. [PMID: 36794580 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2176272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Estimation of rates of suicidal behaviors (ideation, plan, and attempt) would help to understand the burden and prioritize prevention strategies. However, no attempt to assess suicidal behavior among students was identified in South-East Asia (SEA). We aimed to assess the prevalence of suicidal behavior (ideation, plan, and attempt) among students in SEA. METHODS We followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered the protocol in PROSPERO (CRD42022353438). We searched in Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO and performed meta-analyses to pool the lifetime, 1-year, and point prevalence rates for suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts. We considered the duration of a month for point prevalence. RESULTS The search identified 40 separate populations from which 46 were included in the analyses, as some studies included samples from multiple countries. The pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation was 17.4% (confidence interval [95% CI], 12.4%-23.9%) for lifetime, 9.33% (95% CI, 7.2%-12%) for the past year, and 4.8% (95% CI, 3.6%-6.4%) for the present time. The pooled prevalence of suicide plans was 9% (95% CI, 6.2%-12.9%) for lifetime, 7.3% (95% CI, 5.1%-10.3%) for the past year, and 2.3% (95% CI, 0.8%-6.7%) for the present time. The pooled prevalence of suicide attempts was 5.2% (95% CI, 3.5%-7.8%) for lifetime and 4.5% (95% CI, 3.4%-5.8%) for the past year. Higher rates of suicide attempts in the lifetime were noted in Nepal (10%) and Bangladesh (9%), while lower rates were reported in India (4%) and Indonesia (5%). CONCLUSIONS Suicidal behaviors are a common phenomenon among students in the SEA region. These findings call for integrated, multisectoral efforts to prevent suicidal behaviors in this group.
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Arafat SMY, Menon V, Khan MAS, Htay MNN, Singh R, Biyyala D, Krishnamoorthy Y, Mynampally K. Marital status and suicidal behavior in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1781. [PMID: 38130329 PMCID: PMC10733573 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The connection between marital status and suicidal behavior has been poorly assessed in South Asia. We aimed to see the proportion of marital status in individuals with suicidal behavior in South Asian countries. Methods We followed PRISMA guidelines and registered the protocol in advance (PROSPERO 2023 CRD42023399906). A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO. Meta-analyses were performed to pool the proportion of married individuals with suicidal behavior (total [suicide + suicide attempts], suicide, and suicide attempt) in South Asian countries. We considered suicidal behavior consist of suicide and suicide attempts (nonfatal). Results Our search identified 47 studies for this review from 6 countries published from 1999 to 2022 with a sample size ranging from 27 to 89,178. The proportion of married individuals was 55.4% (95% CI: 50.1-60.5) for suicidal behavior, 52.7% (95% CI: 44.5-60.7) for suicides, and 43.1 (95% CI: 32.9-53.9) for suicide attempts. The proportion of married persons among suicide attempts varied significantly across countries (p = 0.016) which was highest (61.8%; 95% CI: 57.2-66.2) in India, followed by Bangladesh (52.5%; 95% CI: 41.8%-62.9%) and Pakistan (45.1%; 95% CI: 30.9-59.9). The pooled proportions did not differ significantly in relation to the quality of the studies (p = 0.633). Conclusion This review identified married persons died more than others by suicide in South Asian countries while single persons attempted suicide than married. As the current study did not assess any cause-and-effect association, a cautious interpretation is warranted while considering married marital status as a risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of PsychiatryEnam Medical College and HospitalDhakaBangladesh
| | - Vikas Menon
- Department of PsychiatryJawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPuducherryIndia
| | - Md Abdullah Saeed Khan
- Department of Community MedicineNational Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Mila Nu Nu Htay
- Department of Community MedicineManipal University College Malaysia, Faculty of MedicineMelakaMalaysia
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Department of Research – Transcultural Psychosocial Organization NepalKathmanduNepal
| | | | | | - Keerthana Mynampally
- Department of PsychiatryJawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPuducherryIndia
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Haregu T, Chen Q, Arafat SMY, Cherian A, Armstrong G. Prevalence, correlates and common methods of non-suicidal self-injury in South Asia: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074776. [PMID: 37993150 PMCID: PMC10668266 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The dynamics of self-harm vary substantially around the world, yet it is severely under-researched outside of a small number of high-income 'Western' countries. South Asia is disproportionately impacted by suicide, yet we know less about non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in the region. OBJECTIVE To review and summarise evidence on the prevalence, correlates and common methods of NSSI in South Asia. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase and PsycINFO for the period 1 January 2000 to 31 August 2023, for peer-reviewed observational studies. A total of 11 studies from eight South Asian countries that reported prevalence and/or correlates of NSSI were included in this review. We assessed the quality of the studies using the Study Quality Assessment Tools for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. We used meta-regression to describe the sources of heterogeneity. Abstracted data were summarised using thematic synthesis. RESULTS For non-clinical populations, the 12-month prevalence of NSSI ranged from 3.2% to 44.8%, and the lifetime prevalence ranged from 21% to 33%. For clinical populations, the 12-month prevalence of NSSI ranged from 5% to 16.4%, while the lifetime prevalence ranged from 2% to 27%. Male sex, unemployment, financial stress, history of suicidal behaviour and depression were associated with a higher risk of NSSI. Better access to counselling services, higher self-esteem and self-knowledge were associated with a lower risk of NSSI. CONCLUSION The burden of NSSI in South Asia appears to be high in both clinical and non-clinical populations. Further research, especially with general population samples, is needed to build evidence on the epidemiology, context and meaning of NSSI in South Asia to inform the design of context-specific interventions. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022342536.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Haregu
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Quan Chen
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Anish Cherian
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Gregory Armstrong
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
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Islam MK, Maruf MM, Saeed Khan MA, Arafat SMY. Literacy and stigma of suicide among Islamic religious leaders (Imams) in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. Int Rev Psychiatry 2023:1-8. [DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2023.2252507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Khayrul Islam
- Department of Psychiatry, Tairunnessa Memorial Medical college, Gazipur
| | | | - Md Abdullah Saeed Khan
- Department of Community Medicine, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka-1340, Bangladesh
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Mubashir AS, Batool SS, Arafat SMY. Psychometric evaluation and validation of Urdu Social Rank Scale for women with infertility in Pakistan. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1150941. [PMID: 37711422 PMCID: PMC10499518 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1150941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infertility negatively affects nearly all aspects of women's life and is a source of demotion in the rank/status of women that they have achieved after marriage. This social rank/status demotion due to infertility may result in depression and several other psychopathologies. No extant instrument is available to measure the phenomenon of social rank in women with infertility in Pakistan. Objective The aim of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties and validate the Social Rank Scale for women experiencing infertility in Pakistan. Methodology This study was conducted in four phases. The data were collected from women with primary infertility who visited hospitals all over Pakistan from 2016 to 2018. Social Rank Scale for Women with Infertility (SRS-WI) comprising of two scales, the Social Comparison Scale for Women with Infertility (SCS-WI) and the Submissive Behavior Scale for Women with Infertility (SBS-WI), was developed. Results The factor structure of 37 items of SCS-WI and of 21 items of SBS-WI was determined through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on a sample of 215 women with primary infertility with an age range of 20-45 years (Mage = 31.03; SD = 6.18). Principal component analysis with varimax rotation method yielded a three-factor solution for SCS-WI, and 32 items were retained for SCS-WI that accounted for 62.38% variance. For SBS-WI, a uni-factor solution was obtained, and 20 items were retained for SBS-WI, which collectively accounted for 42.01% variance. The factor structure for both scales was confirmed via confirmatory factor analysis among a sample of 210 participants with good model fit indices. Conclusion The study provides acceptable psychometric properties of the SRS-WI in Pakistan. Testing of psychometric properties in different groups of samples would justify the generalized use of the instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anila Sadaf Mubashir
- Applied Psychology National University of Modern Languages NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Menon V, Kar SK, Ransing R, Sharma G, Pattnaik JI, Varadharajan N, Kaliamoorthy C, Mukherjee S, Agrawal A, Padhy SK, Arafat SMY. Long-Term Changes in the Quality of Media Reporting of Suicide Following a Celebrity Suicide in India. Omega (Westport) 2023:302228231189849. [PMID: 37453041 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231189849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Online portals of selected English and local language newspapers and television channels were searched to identify suicide news reports published one year after the celebrity suicide (ACS). These reports (n = 1952) were compared with the corresponding period of the previous year, immediately following the celebrity suicide (ICS) (n = 2486), and a three-month period before the celebrity suicide (BCS) (n = 1381) to assess longitudinal changes in quality of media reporting. There was a decline in reporting of several potentially harmful characteristics over time such as mentioning the deceased's age and gender (p < .001 for both), and location of suicide (p < .001). The quality of media reporting of suicide was significantly better at one year compared to the period immediately following celebrity suicide. This change was mainly driven by an improvement in the reporting quality of English news reports while local language reports continued to remain poorly adherent to reporting guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | | | - Ramdas Ransing
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India
| | - Ginni Sharma
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Natarajan Varadharajan
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Charanya Kaliamoorthy
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | | | | | - Susanta Kumar Padhy
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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El Hayek S, Mubashir A, Arafat SMY. Editorial: Current trends and challenges in the assessment of suicidal behavior: a psychometric approach. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1243062. [PMID: 37496687 PMCID: PMC10367546 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1243062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samer El Hayek
- Department of Medical, Erada Center for Treatment and Rehab in Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anila Mubashir
- Department of Applied Psychology, National University of Modern Languages, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Arafat SMY, Monira S, Lily SA. Filicide in Bangladesh: A case indicating the need for psychosocial support among mothers during peripartum. J Gen Fam Med 2023; 24:254-256. [PMID: 37484131 PMCID: PMC10357083 DOI: 10.1002/jgf2.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of filicide which is an under-researched entity in Bangladesh. A 28-year-old lady visited with complaints of irregular eating followed by self-induced vomiting, poor anger control, irregular sleep, hopelessness, and suicidal thoughts for the last year. On the third visit, she admitted that she killed her 32-day-old baby by keeping it in a refrigerator. The case raises some forensic psychiatric complexities as the patient confessed it to the psychiatrist while family members know it as an accidental aspiration. It indicates the complex nature and dire need for psychosocial support in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of PsychiatryEnam Medical College and HospitalDhakaBangladesh
| | - Shirajum Monira
- Department of PharmacologyEnam Medical CollegeDhakaBangladesh
| | - Shakila Ashfia Lily
- Department of Forensic Medicine and ToxicologyEnam Medical CollegeDhakaBangladesh
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Shafique N, Arafat SMY, Siddiqui F, Malik WT, Hallahan B, Khalily MT. Dysfunctional schema modes as determinants of psychiatric comorbidities: a study in a cohort of people with epilepsy. Ir J Psychol Med 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37254465 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2023.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Symptomatology of epilepsy and its' associated alteration in brain processes, stigma of experiencing seizures, and adverse sequelae of anti-epileptics have been demonstrated to impact behaviour and exacerbate psychopathology. This study examines the role of dysfunctional schema modes in People with Epilepsy (PWE) and their association with psychiatric symptoms. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 108 PWE treated with anti-epileptics for at least one year and with no history or mental disorder or psycho-active substance use. Clinical symptoms were measured utilising the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) with schema modes measured utilising the Schema Mode Inventory (SMI). RESULTS Maladaptive coping and child schema modes were significantly higher in individuals from lower socio-economic status group (p < 0.01), with several maladaptive schema modes more prevalent in males. Hostility symptoms were increased in individuals from lower socio-economic classes and were more prevalent early in disease course. Several psychological symptoms including somatisation, interpersonal, obsession, depression, paranoia, hostility, phobia, anxiety, and psychoticism, were predicted by various maladaptive schema modes (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study highlights the impact of maladaptive schemas, suggesting that PWE might benefit from the introduction of appropriate psychotherapeutic interventions such as schema-focused therapy, particularly if from lower socio-economic classes or in the early stages of theirdisease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Shafique
- Department of Psychology, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Fowzia Siddiqui
- Department of Neurology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - W T Malik
- Department of Neurology, Shifa International Hospital Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Brian Hallahan
- Galway-Roscommon Mental Health Services, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Arafat SMY, Baminiwatta A, Menon V, Singh R, Varadharajan N, Guhathakurta S, Mahesar RA, Rezaeian M. Prevalence of suicidal behaviour among students living in Muslim-majority countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. BJPsych Open 2023; 9:e67. [PMID: 37057842 PMCID: PMC10134265 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing suicidal behaviours among students would help to understand the burden and enhance suicide prevention. AIMS We aimed to determine the prevalence of suicidal behaviour among students living in Muslim-majority countries. METHOD We followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A systematic search was conducted in Medline, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Meta-analyses were performed to pool the lifetime, 1-year and point prevalence rates for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts. RESULTS From 80 studies, 98 separate samples were included in this analysis. The majority (n = 49) were from the Eastern Mediterranean, and 61 samples were of university students. The pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation was 21.9% (95% CI 17.4%-27.1%) for lifetime, 13.4% (95% CI 11.1%-16.1%) for the past year and 6.4% (95% CI 4.5%-9%) for current. The pooled prevalence of suicide plans was 6.4% (95% CI 3.7%-11%) for lifetime, 10.7% (95% CI 9.1%-12.4%) for the past year and 4.1% (95% CI 2.7%-6.2%) for current. The pooled prevalence of suicide attempts was 6.6% (95% CI 5.4%-8%) for lifetime and 4.9% (95% CI 3.6%-6.5%) for the past year. The lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation was highest (46.2%) in South-East Asia, but the 12-month prevalence was highest (16.8%) in the Eastern Mediterranean. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed notably high rates of suicidal behaviours among students living in Muslim-majority countries. However, the quality of studies, differences in regional and cultural factors, stages of studentship and methods of measurement should be considered when generalising the study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh
| | - Anuradha Baminiwatta
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Vikas Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Department of Research, Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Nepal; and Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, KIST Medical College, Nepal
| | | | - Saptarshi Guhathakurta
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Rameez Ali Mahesar
- Department of Media and Communication Studies, Shah Abdul Latif University, Pakistan
| | - Mohsen Rezaeian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Occupational Environmental Research Center, Rafsanjan Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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14
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Shoib S, Saleem T, Menon V, Ali SAEZ, Arafat SMY. Filicide in South Asia: Demography, risk factors, psychiatric, and legal aspects. Med Sci Law 2023; 63:159-167. [PMID: 36046949 DOI: 10.1177/00258024221122248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Filicide is an act of killing a child up to the age of 18 years committed by his or her parent(s) or parental figure(s), including guardians and stepparents. There is absence of data and research regarding filicide in South Asia. The present study aimed to address the empirical lacuna in South Asia and to expand the literature in order to broaden the understanding of filicide. Method: The search was conducted in the databases of PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The original articles, quantitative studies, case studies, and full-length articles were included for the present review. Publications in only the English language, which clarified that the child was killed by parent(s) in eight South Asian countries from 2000 to 2020 were included. Results: A total of 13 reports of filicide were found in the eight South Asian countries; 12 from India and 1 from Pakistan. The most common method of filicide was by administering poisonous substances and burning by parents, depression was responsible for 7 cases of filicide, schizophrenia was responsible for one case. Conclusion: The review identified that there is a scarcity of research on filicide in South Asia. Rigorous research and investment for the compilation of data on filicide are needed to reduce it in South Asia. This may further help in the protection of lives of children as well as for taking steps for rehabilitation of parents and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Shoib
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Hospital (JLNMH), India
| | - Tamkeen Saleem
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Shifa Tameer-e-millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Vikas Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), India
| | | | - S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh
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15
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Ransing R, Arafat SMY, Menon V, Kar SK. National Suicide Prevention Strategy of India: implementation challenges and the way forward. Lancet Psychiatry 2023; 10:163-165. [PMID: 36804065 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramdas Ransing
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India
| | - S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Vikas Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.
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Arafat SMY, Jalil SB, Alam MS, Sultana N, Ahmed MIU, Abedin MM, Armstrong G. Suicide in Bangla Movie and Drama: A Content Analysis. Omega (Westport) 2022:302228221148286. [PMID: 36541683 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221148286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to assess how suicidality has been depicted in Bangla movies and dramas. We conducted a search on YouTube by using search terms to identify movies and dramas with suicidal scripts. The search was performed between February and May 2022 resulting in 71 items consisting of 35 Bangla movies and 36 Bangla dramas. We scrutinized the contents of movies and dramas against our pre-designed instrument and we assessed their quality against World Health Organization guidelines. Among the 71 suicidal behaviors, 46.5% were suicides, 72% of the suicidal behavior was noted in young adults, 63.9% were unmarried, and 69% attempts were found in prominent characters. Hanging was found as the most prominent method (25.4%) and premarital and extramarital affairs and sexual harassment were the most prominent risk factors (60.6%). The potentially harmful characteristics were present in almost all events whereas potentially helpful contents were mentioned very minimally.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Sumaiya B Jalil
- Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shamiul Alam
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Naznin Sultana
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Gregory Armstrong
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
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17
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Kabir R, Alradie-Mohamed A, Ferdous N, Vinnakota D, Arafat SMY, Mahmud I. Exploring Women's Decision-Making Power and HIV/AIDS Prevention Practices in South Africa. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:16626. [PMID: 36554507 PMCID: PMC9778757 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Decisions regarding sexual and reproductive health significantly impact women's health and their protection against HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. These decisions also impact females' ability to reach their reproductive goals. Women's autonomy is recognized to be vital to women's access to reproductive healthcare, the use of contraceptives, the capacity to avoid or receive treatment for STIs (including HIV), and other reproductive and sexual health issues. This research investigated the association between the decision-making power of South African women (of reproductive age) and their knowledge and practices regarding HIV/AIDS preventive measures. The present study used data from the South Africa Demographic and Health Survey 2016. A total of 8514 women aged 15-49 years who participated in the survey were used for this research. The mean age of the women was 30.21 years, with an SD of 9.86. Approximately 38.5% of the women decided on contraceptive use, and only 11.7% of women's partners and 49.8% of respondents were jointly involved in the decision-making process of contraceptive use. All HIV preventive measures under study were statistically significantly associated with high decision-making power; the use of a condom by the husband or partner of the women was the most significant; husbands or partners of the women with high autonomy were three times more likely to use condoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Kabir
- School of Allied Health, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM11SQ, UK
| | | | | | - Divya Vinnakota
- Department of Nursing and Public Health, The University of Sunderland, London E14 9SG, UK
| | | | - Ilias Mahmud
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukairiyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Arafat SMY, Amin R, Baminiwatta A, Hussain F, Singh R, Kar SK, Mubashir AS. Gender distribution of editors in psychiatry journals of South Asia. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114819. [PMID: 36075152 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka 1340, Bangladesh.
| | - Rizwana Amin
- Department of Professional Psychology, Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anuradha Baminiwatta
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Fahad Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Department of Research, Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal, Nepal; Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, KIST Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Anila Sadaf Mubashir
- Department of Applied Psychology, National University of Modern Languages, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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19
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Arafat SMY. Suicide in 18 African Muslim majority countries: High rate, low research. Psychiatry Res 2022; 316:114785. [PMID: 35987068 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka 1340, Bangladesh.
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20
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Pirkis J, Gunnell D, Shin S, Del Pozo-Banos M, Arya V, Aguilar PA, Appleby L, Arafat SMY, Arensman E, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Balhara YPS, Bantjes J, Baran A, Behera C, Bertolote J, Borges G, Bray M, Brečić P, Caine E, Calati R, Carli V, Castelpietra G, Chan LF, Chang SS, Colchester D, Coss-Guzmán M, Crompton D, Ćurković M, Dandona R, De Jaegere E, De Leo D, Deisenhammer EA, Dwyer J, Erlangsen A, Faust JS, Fornaro M, Fortune S, Garrett A, Gentile G, Gerstner R, Gilissen R, Gould M, Gupta SK, Hawton K, Holz F, Kamenshchikov I, Kapur N, Kasal A, Khan M, Kirtley OJ, Knipe D, Kõlves K, Kölzer SC, Krivda H, Leske S, Madeddu F, Marshall A, Memon A, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Nestadt P, Neznanov N, Niederkrotenthaler T, Nielsen E, Nordentoft M, Oberlerchner H, O'Connor RC, Papsdorf R, Partonen T, Phillips MR, Platt S, Portzky G, Psota G, Qin P, Radeloff D, Reif A, Reif-Leonhard C, Rezaeian M, Román-Vázquez N, Roskar S, Rozanov V, Sara G, Scavacini K, Schneider B, Semenova N, Sinyor M, Tambuzzi S, Townsend E, Ueda M, Wasserman D, Webb RT, Winkler P, Yip PS, Zalsman G, Zoja R, John A, Spittal MJ. Suicide numbers during the first 9-15 months of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with pre-existing trends: An interrupted time series analysis in 33 countries. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 51:101573. [PMID: 35935344 PMCID: PMC9344880 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predicted increases in suicide were not generally observed in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the picture may be changing and patterns might vary across demographic groups. We aimed to provide a timely, granular picture of the pandemic's impact on suicides globally. METHODS We identified suicide data from official public-sector sources for countries/areas-within-countries, searching websites and academic literature and contacting data custodians and authors as necessary. We sent our first data request on 22nd June 2021 and stopped collecting data on 31st October 2021. We used interrupted time series (ITS) analyses to model the association between the pandemic's emergence and total suicides and suicides by sex-, age- and sex-by-age in each country/area-within-country. We compared the observed and expected numbers of suicides in the pandemic's first nine and first 10-15 months and used meta-regression to explore sources of variation. FINDINGS We sourced data from 33 countries (24 high-income, six upper-middle-income, three lower-middle-income; 25 with whole-country data, 12 with data for area(s)-within-the-country, four with both). There was no evidence of greater-than-expected numbers of suicides in the majority of countries/areas-within-countries in any analysis; more commonly, there was evidence of lower-than-expected numbers. Certain sex, age and sex-by-age groups stood out as potentially concerning, but these were not consistent across countries/areas-within-countries. In the meta-regression, different patterns were not explained by countries' COVID-19 mortality rate, stringency of public health response, economic support level, or presence of a national suicide prevention strategy. Nor were they explained by countries' income level, although the meta-regression only included data from high-income and upper-middle-income countries, and there were suggestions from the ITS analyses that lower-middle-income countries fared less well. INTERPRETATION Although there are some countries/areas-within-countries where overall suicide numbers and numbers for certain sex- and age-based groups are greater-than-expected, these countries/areas-within-countries are in the minority. Any upward movement in suicide numbers in any place or group is concerning, and we need to remain alert to and respond to changes as the pandemic and its mental health and economic consequences continue. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Corresponding author at: Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - David Gunnell
- National Institute of Health and care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sangsoo Shin
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Vikas Arya
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Louis Appleby
- National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ella Arensman
- School of Public Health, National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yatan Pal Singh Balhara
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Center and Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jason Bantjes
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anna Baran
- Working Group on Prevention of Suicide and Depression at Public Health Council, Ministry of Health, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Medicine and Optometry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, Blekinge Hospital, Karlshamn, Sweden
| | - Chittaranjan Behera
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jose Bertolote
- Department of Neurology, Psychology and Psychiatry, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Borges
- Department of Global Mental Health, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael Bray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Petrana Brečić
- Department for Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče; School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eric Caine
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Raffaella Calati
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Nimes University Hospital, Nimes, France
| | - Vladimir Carli
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulio Castelpietra
- Region Friuli Venezia Giulia, Central Health Directorate, Outpatient and Inpatient Care Service, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lai Fong Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shu-Sen Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Maria Coss-Guzmán
- Puerto Rico Department of Health's Commission on Suicide Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - David Crompton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marko Ćurković
- Department for Medical Ethics, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče; School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rakhi Dandona
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Eva De Jaegere
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Eberhard A. Deisenhammer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology; University Hospital for Psychiatry 2, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jeremy Dwyer
- Coroners Court of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Annette Erlangsen
- Danish Research Institute for Suicide Prevention, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeremy S. Faust
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Institute, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Sarah Fortune
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Garrett
- Coronial Division, Tasmanian Magistrates Court, Hobart, Australia
| | - Guendalina Gentile
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebekka Gerstner
- Undersecretary of Health Services, Ministry of Public Health, Quito, Ecuador
- Monitoring and Evaluation, German Institute for Medical Mission, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Renske Gilissen
- 113 Suicide Prevention, Research Department, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Madelyn Gould
- Departments of Psychiatry and Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sudhir Kumar Gupta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Keith Hawton
- Centre for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Franziska Holz
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Iurii Kamenshchikov
- Udmurtia Republican Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Izhevsk, Russian Federation
| | - Navneet Kapur
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandr Kasal
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Murad Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Duleeka Knipe
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kairi Kõlves
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah C. Kölzer
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hryhorii Krivda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Odessa National Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Stuart Leske
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fabio Madeddu
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrew Marshall
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, United States
| | - Anjum Memon
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nikolay Neznanov
- Bekhterev National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Thomas Niederkrotenthaler
- Unit Suicide Research and Mental Health Promotion, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emma Nielsen
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Danish Research Institute for Suicide Prevention, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Herwig Oberlerchner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Klinikum Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Rory C. O'Connor
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Lab, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Rainer Papsdorf
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael R. Phillips
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Departments of Psychiatry and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Steve Platt
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gwendolyn Portzky
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georg Psota
- Psychosocial Services in Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ping Qin
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Radeloff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine Reif-Leonhard
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mohsen Rezaeian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Occupational Environment Research Center, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Nayda Román-Vázquez
- Puerto Rico Department of Health's Commission on Suicide Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Saska Roskar
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vsevolod Rozanov
- Bekhterev National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Grant Sara
- System Information and Analytics Branch, NSW Ministry of Health, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Barbara Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- LVR Klinik Köln, Department of Addictive Disorders, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany
| | - Natalia Semenova
- Organizational-Scientific Department, Bekhterev National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Mark Sinyor
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stefano Tambuzzi
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ellen Townsend
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michiko Ueda
- Waseda University, Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Danuta Wasserman
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roger T. Webb
- Centre for Mental Health and Safety and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Petr Winkler
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Paul S.F. Yip
- Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gil Zalsman
- Geha Mental Health Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Riccardo Zoja
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ann John
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Spittal
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Younis MS, Arafat SMY. Historical Highlights on Electroconvulsive Therapy Practice in Iraq: A Brief Narrative. J ECT 2022; 38:151-155. [PMID: 35093973 DOI: 10.1097/yct.0000000000000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an established treatment option for severe psychiatric disorders. Electroconvulsive therapy practice began in Iraq in 1946, primarily to treat patients with schizophrenia. Since then, it has developed and expanded to treat mood disorders and major depression. Initially, both modified and unmodified ECT was administered to patients in Ibn Rushd and Al Rashad mental hospitals in Baghdad. The ongoing political turmoil from 3 wars, economic sanctions, and internal conflicts halted the development of mental health services across the country; ECT provision was not an exception. The practice of unmodified ECT-without general anesthesia-ceased in 2009, after the recommendations of the Royal College of Psychiatrists' Iraq Subcommittee. This closure reduced the availability and accessibility of ECT clinics nationwide because of limited access to general anesthesia. This article explores the nature of ECT services, in the context of Iraq's health care system, sociocultural norms, instability, and international codes of practice. This brief report uses the first author's work experience, few available data, and personal communication to describe the brief history of ECT practice in Iraq. This report is a baseline document for future ECT practice regulation in Iraq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Sulaiman Younis
- From the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh
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22
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Marthoenis M, Yasir Arafat SM. Rate and Associated Factors of Suicidal Behavior among Adolescents in Bangladesh and Indonesia: Global School-Based Student Health Survey Data Analysis. Scientifica (Cairo) 2022; 2022:8625345. [PMID: 36032991 PMCID: PMC9410988 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8625345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicidal behavior among adolescents is a major public health problem that is understudied in South East Asian Muslim-majority countries. We aimed to investigate the rate and associated factors of suicidal behavior among adolescents in Bangladesh and Indonesia. METHODS The Global School-based Student Health Survey data of Bangladesh and Indonesia were used in this study. The data consist of a total of 9052 school-aged students from Bangladesh (2570, 28.4%) and Indonesia (6482, 71.6%). Suicidal behavior was assessed using three questions that measure suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, and suicidal attempts. RESULTS The overall rate of suicidal behavior (suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, and suicidal attempts) was 8.8%, and no significant difference between the two countries (8.9% in Bangladesh and 8.7 in Indonesia) was observed (p=0.81). Factors that independently increased the likelihood of suicidal behavior include female gender, missed class, physical fight four times or more, experienced bullying, anxiety, loneliness, rarely eating fruit, current alcohol use, and sedentary behavior (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, factors that independently decreased the likelihood of suicidal behavior include parental supervision and having close friends, either one, two, three persons, or more (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The study revealed rates and risk factors of suicidal behaviors among the school-going adolescents of two Muslim-majority countries in South East Asia. Prevention strategies should be considered guided by the risk factors for school-going adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Marthoenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka-1340, Bangladesh
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Arafat SMY, Kar SK, Kabir R. Reproductive health care challenges for married female university students in Bangladesh. Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia 2022; 1:100001. [PMID: 37383093 PMCID: PMC10305853 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka 1340, Bangladesh
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Russell Kabir
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
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Kar SK, Tripathy S, Arafat SMY. Voice assists (Alexa) and suicidal behavior: A potential area of suicide prevention. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 72:103117. [PMID: 35421623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, U.P., India
| | - Sarvodaya Tripathy
- Department of Microbiology, Great Eastern Medical School, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka 1340, Bangladesh.
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Arafat SMY, Saleem T, Edwards TM, Ali SAEZ, Khan MM. Suicide prevention in Bangladesh: The role of family. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2562. [PMID: 35398979 PMCID: PMC9120730 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a public health problem that gets little attention in Bangladesh especially in prevention aspects. Recent studies revealed that a significant portion of risk factors is closely related to family events. However, potential prevention strategies considering the family structure and involving family dynamics of Bangladesh have not been discussed. OBJECTIVES We aim to highlight areas of family vulnerability and resilience when the threat of suicide is present, as well as the potential roles of family in suicide prevention in Bangladesh. METHODS We conducted a thorough narrative and focused literature search and synthesized evidence based on available articles discussing suicidality and family dynamics in Bangladesh. RESULTS Risk factors for suicide prevailing in the family have been organized, and several strategies for coping with family risk factors, including marital discord and family conflict have been proposed for testing empirically. CONCLUSIONS The family has an important role to play in suicide prevention in Bangladesh. However, potential prevention strategies and their effectiveness have been untapped in the country. Studies are warranted to test the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tamkeen Saleem
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Todd M Edwards
- Marital and Family Therapy Program, University of San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Murad M Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Hakkim S, Parsa AD, Arafat SMY, Mahmud I, Sathian B, Sivasubramanian M, Kabir R. Pornography—Is It Good for Sexual Health? A Systematic Review. Journal of Psychosexual Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/26318318221088949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The topic of pornography use is controversial. It is important to understand how young people use pornography and determine whether pornography use has adverse effects on health and well-being. Methods: A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted in 4 electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL plus, and Cochrane library) with appropriate MeSH terms “sexual health” and “pornography” and Boolean operators “AND” and “OR,” using SPIDER search strategy tools (sample, phenomenon of interest, design, evaluation, and research type). 11 articles were proceeded with systematic review after critical appraisal following PRISMA guidelines. Results: The major findings of the study imply that traditional and unimaginative activities depicted in some pornography and sexualized media are harmful because they impose restricted and circumscribed concepts of sex and sexuality. As a result, sexism, sexual objectification, neoliberal sexual consumerism, and sexual variety are reproduced and reinforced rather than promoted. FPU is linked to better levels of sexual comfort and self-acceptance and reduced levels of anxiety, shame, and guilt over sexual behavior. Pornography consumption has also been linked to increased arousal and orgasm responses, a greater interest in sex, acceptance of various sexual acts, and more sexual experimentation. Conclusion: Watching pornography may be a healthy phenomenon if it is occasional, not impairing the personal and social life; however, it can become pathological if watched excessively and impairs the individual’s functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Hakkim
- School of Allied Health, Anglia Ruskin University, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Davod Parsa
- School of Allied Health, Anglia Ruskin University, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ilias Mahmud
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brijesh Sathian
- Department of Geriatrics and Long Term Care, Rumailah Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Russell Kabir
- School of Allied Health, Anglia Ruskin University, Essex, United Kingdom
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Kar SK, Shukla S, Rai S, Sharma N, Roy D, Menon V, Arafat SMY. Assessing the Quality of Suicide Reporting in Online Newspapers in Uttar Pradesh, India, According to World Health Organization Guidelines. Crisis 2022; 43:142-148. [PMID: 33620257 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sensitive media reporting has an important role in suicide prevention. However, there is no research on the quality of media reporting of suicide in newspapers of Uttar Pradesh (UP), India. Aim: The present study aimed to assess the quality of newspaper reports of suicide against the World Health Organization (WHO) reporting guidelines. Method: Suicide news content of four purposively selected newspapers published between March 1, 2019 and February 29, 2020, were scrutinized. A total of 501 news reports from UP were included. Results: The most commonly reported attribute was the gender of the deceased and the method of suicide. Almost half of the newspapers reported the occupation of the deceased in the title. Mental illness was attributed as a cause of suicide among 23.75% of the news reports. Less than 2% of the news reports referred to expert opinion, research evidence, national or global statistics on suicide, suicide prevention measures, or information about suicide helpline. There was a significant difference in the quality of reporting between the vernacular newspapers and English dailies. Limitations: Only four online newspapers were analyzed retrospectively. Conclusion: The quality of media reporting of suicide in UP is found to be poor despite its negative effect on suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shreya Shukla
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sagar Rai
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nivedita Sharma
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deblina Roy
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Singh R, Mahato S, Khadka S, Basnet P, Bista K, Karki R, Arafat SMY. Newspaper reporting of suicide in Nepal: Quality assessment against World Health Organization media guidelines. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e547. [PMID: 35284645 PMCID: PMC8900976 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sensible media reporting of suicide is a population-based suicide prevention strategy. However, the quality of media reporting of suicide has not been assessed in Nepal. Objectives We aimed to assess the newspaper reporting status of suicide in Nepal with reference to World Health Organization (WHO) media guidelines for suicide reporting. Method We retrospectively searched eight major newspapers in Nepal between January 2020 and May 2021 and assessed 167 news reports against WHO suicide reporting guidelines. Results Potentially harmful characteristics were found to be reported in both the title and main text of the reports. About half of them mentioned sex (48.5%) and 38.3% mentioned the location of suicide in the title. Of the 167 reports, 74.3%, 95.2%, 34.7%, 92.2%, 98.8%, and 52.7% mentioned the name, sex, occupation, method of suicide, the location of suicide, and life events, respectively, in their main content. On the other hand, only 6% and 2.4% of reports mentioned linkage of suicides with mental illness and substance abuse, respectively. While lesser than 1% of reports narrated educative information regarding suicide prevention, none mentioned contact information for help-seeking for the vulnerable. Conclusion Newspaper reporting of suicide in Nepal poorly adheres to WHO guidelines, substantiated by the high presence of potentially harmful characteristics and negligible presence of potentially helpful characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Singh
- Research DepartmentTranscultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) NepalKathmanduNepal
- Visiting Faculty, Department of Community Medicine and Public HealthKIST Medical CollegeLalitpurNepal
| | - Sharika Mahato
- Monitoring, Evaluation and Research DepartmentPlan International NepalLalitpurNepal
| | | | - Pragyan Basnet
- School of MedicinePatan Academy of Health SciencesLalitpurNepal
| | - Kalendra Bista
- School of MedicinePatan Academy of Health SciencesLalitpurNepal
| | - Ritika Karki
- School of MedicinePatan Academy of Health SciencesLalitpurNepal
| | - S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of PsychiatryEnam Medical College and HospitalSavarBangladesh
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass media has an important role in influencing the suicidal behavior of the general population. However, the quality of news reporting of suicide has not been assessed in Iraq. AIM We aimed to assess the quality of news reports in Iraq while reporting the suicidal behaviors. METHODS The search was done on Google in November and December 2020 with the search term 'suicide news in Iraq' and accessible news reports distributed in Kurdish, Arabic, and English languages were taken out. We scrutinized the news reports to identify the reporting characteristics and compared them with the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. RESULTS A total of 130 news reports were analyzed; among them 23.8% were Kurdish, 63.8% were Arabic, and 12.3% were in the English language. About 31.5% of the reports mentioned the name and 40.8% mentioned the occupation. The name of method was mentioned in 88.5%, mono-causality was found in about 34.6%, the term 'suicide' was mentioned in the headline in 94.6%, and method of suicide was mentioned in the headline of about 27.7% of the reports. Only 5.4% of the reports traced mental illness, 6.9% mentioned expert opinion, and none of the reports mentioned prevention program, and educative information. CONCLUSION The study revealed that news reports of suicidal behavior in Iraq are poorly adherent to the WHO reporting guidelines. Further studies are warranted to identify the responsible factors and culture-specific prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Araz Ramazan Ahmad
- Department of Administration, College of Humanities, University of Raparin, Ranya, Iraq.,Department of International Relations & Diplomacy, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | | | - Vikas Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Sheikh Shoib
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Hospital, Rainawari, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Singh R, Gupta AK, Singh B, Basnet P, Arafat SMY. History of psychiatry in Nepal. BJPsych Int 2022; 19:7-9. [PMID: 36622643 PMCID: PMC9811379 DOI: 10.1192/bji.2021.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The history of psychiatry as a discipline in Nepal has been poorly studied. We have attempted to summarise historical landmarks to explore how it began and its evolution over time in relation to contemporary political events. Although Nepal has achieved several milestones, from establishing a psychiatric out-patient department with one psychiatrist in 1961 to having more than 500 psychiatric in-patient beds with 200 psychiatrists by 2020, the pace, commitment and dedication seem to be slower than necessary: the current national mental health policy dates back to 1996 and has not been updated since; there is no Mental Health Act; the number of psychiatric nurses and in-patient psychiatric beds has increased only slowly; and there is a dearth of professional supervision in rehabilitation centres. Thus, despite making significant progress, much more is required, at greater intensity and speed, and with wide collaboration and political commitment in order to improve the mental health of all Nepali citizens, including those living in rural areas and or in deprived conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Singh
- Independent Mental Health Researcher, and Visiting Faculty Member, Department of Public Health, KIST Medical College, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Anoop Krishna Gupta
- Lecturer, Department of Psychiatry, National Medical College, Birgunj, Nepal
| | - Babita Singh
- Professor and Vice-Principal, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, National Medical College, Birgunj, Nepal
| | - Pragyan Basnet
- Medical Student, School of Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Arafat SMY, Menon V, Vinnakota D, Saroj A, Kar SK, Kabir R. Studies on Sexual Behavior During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Psychosexual Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/26318318211067070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual relations suffered from a drastic change because of the pandemic of the COVID-19 and its controlling measures. We performed a bibliometric review of articles conducted on sexual behavior through this COVID-19 pandemic. We performed a search in the Scopus database on August 14, 2021. The search was carried out by the mentioned search terms: “sex* act*” OR “Sex* Behav*” AND “COVID-19.” A total of 230 published articles was identified in the Scopus database, out of which 130 research works were funded and 23.91% (n = 55) articles had international collaborations. R Stephenson published the highest number of papers (n = 4) whilst SK Kar had the maximum number of citations (n = 39) and the highest number of citations per article (13). Universidade de São Paulo and the University of California were the most productive organizations whilst the USA outnumbered the other countries. Sexually Transmitted Infections (n = 13) and Elsevier (61) published the highest number of papers as a journal and publisher, respectively. It is the first bibliometric review on studies that assessed impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human sexual activities during which identified that more than half of the articles were funded which is a promising sign for the researchers from this field and for those who are keen to work in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Vikas Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Divya Vinnakota
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Ankita Saroj
- Department of Psychiatry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Russell Kabir
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
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Arafat SMY, Hussain F, Hossain MF, Islam MA, Menon V. Literacy and stigma of suicide in Bangladesh: Scales validation and status assessment among university students. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2432. [PMID: 34856071 PMCID: PMC8785610 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased suicide literacy and reduced stigma toward suicide facilitate the care-seeking for suicidal behavior. However, no attempt has been identified to determine these two vital aspects in Bangladesh. OBJECTIVES We aimed to validate the literacy of suicide scale and stigma of suicide scale into Bangla along with the determination of the level of suicide literacy and stigma toward suicide. METHODS We conducted this study between April and June 2021. Data were collected from medical school and university students by Google form. We used a questionnaire consisting of four segments (i.e., sociodemographic questionnaire, a questionnaire for suicidal behavior, Bangla literacy of suicide scale [LOSS-B], and Bangla stigma of suicide scale [SOSS-B]) for data collection. We tested the psychometric properties of the scales in a sample of 529 students and examined factors associated with suicide stigma and literacy. RESULTS The mean age of the students was 22.61 ± 1.68 (range 18-27) years, 274 (51.8%) were males, 476 (89.9%) were graduate students, and 490 (92.6%) were unmarried. The mean score of LOSS was 4.27 ± 1.99 ranging from 0 to 10. Factor analysis revealed acceptable psychometric properties of SOSS-B. The literacy was significantly higher in females, students of medicine, having a family history of suicidal attempts, and a history of student nonfatal attempts, while stigma was significantly lower among the females and a history of past attempts. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the level of literacy and stigma and culturally tested the psychometric properties of the LOSS-B and SOSS-B among university students in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of PsychiatryEnam Medical College and HospitalDhakaBangladesh
| | - Fahad Hussain
- Department of PharmacyNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
| | - Md. Faruk Hossain
- Department of PsychiatryEnam Medical College and HospitalDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Aminul Islam
- Department of Media Studies and JournalismUniversity of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Vikas Menon
- Department of PsychiatryJawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)PuducherryIndia
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramdas Ransing
- Dept. of Psychiatry, BKL Walalwalkar Rural Medical College, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikas Menon
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Dept. of Psychiatry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Sujita Kumar Kar, Dept. of Psychiatry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh226003, India. E-mail:
| | - S M Yasir Arafat
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Susanta Kumar Padhy
- Dept. of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Shoib S, Ojeahere MI, Saleem SM, Islam SMS, Arafat SMY, De Filippis R, Ullah I. The Rising Scourge of Mental Illness and Infodemic: An Outcome of Social Media and COVID-19. Psychiatr Danub 2022; 34:374-376. [PMID: 35772161 DOI: 10.24869/psyd.2022.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 was accompanied with the increasing broadcast of fake news, misinformation and excessive information via social media platforms. This phenomenon has been termed "infodemic", to describe an overwhelming amount of mostly fake, false or inaccurate information which spreads rapidly and impacts negatively on achieving a solution. It would therefore be desirable to use a cautious approach which utilizes culturally sensitive and country specific measures to deal with this occurrence. We aim to raise awareness, likewise draw the attention of global scientific community on this topic of public and mental health concern and it calls for further comments on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Shoib
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric disorders have been identified as an important risk factor for suicide. However, different psychological autopsy studies have revealed different prevalences at different times and places. OBJECTIVE We aimed to see the distribution of psychological autopsy studies and the prevalence of mental disorders among suicides and identify major risk factors in Southeast Asian countries. METHOD We scrutinized psychological autopsy studies published in the World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia (SEA) region countries. We also searched the available bibliographies to identify the studies in the region so that all the possible articles could be included. RESULTS Out of the 11 countries, 14 psychological autopsy studies were identified in five SEA countries (Bangladesh [1], India [9], Indonesia [1], Nepal [1], and Sri Lanka [2]). Seven studies (50%) used a case-control study design, and eight (57.1%) were carried out in urban settings. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in case-control studies was from 37% to 88%. Stressful life event was identified as a major risk factor in all the case-control studies. CONCLUSION Psychological autopsy studies have not been conducted in 6 out of 11 countries of the SEA region. The presence of pre-existing psychiatric morbidity and stressful life events were the two most common risk factors noted across settings, even though there is wide heterogeneity in samples, study design, instruments, and study settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Yasir Arafat
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Vikas Menon
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Natarajan Varadharajan
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Dept. of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Arafat SMY, Hussain F, Zaman MS, Tabassum T, Islam MK, Shormi FR, Khan AR, Islam MR, Redwan ASM, Giasuddin NA, Mubashir A, Khan MAS. Thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability for suicide among university students of Bangladesh: Scales validation and status assessment. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1025976. [PMID: 36311516 PMCID: PMC9614224 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1025976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of prior mental events of suicide attempts has immense importance in suicide prevention. However, it has not been studied in Bangladesh as there was no available psychometrically valid instrument measuring it. OBJECTIVES We aimed to test the psychometric properties of the interpersonal needs questionnaire (INQ-15) and acquired capability for suicide scale-fearlessness about death (ACSS-FAD) in Bangla along with the determination of the level of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability for suicide. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected data between 29 March and 14 April 2022 from 1,207 students of medical colleges and universities in Bangladesh by Google form. We assessed the psychometric properties of Bangla INQ and ACSS-FAD scales and examined factors associated with thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability for suicide. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 22.82 ± 1.68 (range 18-29) years, 51% were females, 84% were graduate students, and 92% were unmarried. Both of the scales revealed acceptable levels of reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure of Bangla INQ after dropping three items from thwarted belongingness domain (item 9, 11, and 12) and a single factor structure for Bangla ACSS-FAD after dropping three items (item 1, 4, and 6). Perceived burdensomeness was significantly higher in females, students with a history of mental illness, family history of suicide, and the history of suicidal attempts. Fearlessness about death was significantly higher among females, non-Muslim participants, and history of suicidal attempts. CONCLUSION The current study revealed psychometric properties of two suicide scales (INQ and ACSS-FAD) in Bangla that can be used in subsequent studies. Prevention strategies targeting to females, persons with psychiatric disorder, history of previous attempt(s) should be prioritized specially among the young age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahad Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md Khayrul Islam
- Department of Psychiatry, Tairunnessa Memorial Medical College, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Rabin Shormi
- Department of Psychiatry, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anisur Rahman Khan
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A S M Redwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chattogram International Medical College, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Noor Ahmed Giasuddin
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmad Medical College, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Anila Mubashir
- Department of Applied Psychology, National University of Modern Languages, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Arafat SMY, Menon V, Bascarane S, Kar SK, Kabir R. Variations in newspaper reporting of suicidal behavior in the WHO-South-East Asian region. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 43:e684-e688. [PMID: 32827040 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND South-East Asia is a densely populated region, comprising of 11 low- and middle-income countries and contributing to 39% of global suicides. There are serious challenges to suicide prevention in the region such as lack of high-quality suicide data, underreporting and poor quality of media reporting. The current report aimed to assess the variations in newspaper reporting of suicidal behavior in the World Health Organization-South-East Asian countries. METHODS We analyzed the contents of nine research articles on media reporting of suicide, published from four South-East Asian countries (four from Bangladesh, three from India, one each from Indonesia and Bhutan) that used similar methods and presented results in a nearly similar fashion. RESULTS Personal identifying information of the deceased was very frequently mentioned in the newspaper reports across the countries. Suicide notes were reported more commonly in India (9.5-18%) than Bangladesh (4.2-7.5%) and Indonesia (9.5%). No educative material was found in any of the newspaper reports of Bangladesh and Indonesia while it was rarely reported in Bhutan and India. CONCLUSION Our findings from the four South-East Asian countries suggest that there are variations between the countries while presenting the news reports of suicidal behavior. These findings would help to formulate and regulate the media guidelines for the specific country.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka 1340, Bangladesh
| | - Vikas Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Sharmi Bascarane
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Russell Kabir
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
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Arafat SMY, Mondal F, Ghimire S. A 47‐year‐old man passing putrid semen through saliva and sweat: A case of Dhat syndrome. J Gen Fam Med 2021; 23:177-179. [PMID: 35509340 PMCID: PMC9062537 DOI: 10.1002/jgf2.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dhat syndrome is a culture‐bound syndrome in which patients believe that they pass Dhat (semen) with their urine, feces, sweat, and saliva that causes lethargy, apathy, dysphoria, and depression. Here, we report a case of a 47‐year‐old man who presented with complaints of burning sensation in the whole body, especially in the pubic region, and insomnia for the last 5 years. This case could be enlightening for clinicians in South Asia in daily clinical practice and family physicians in Western countries where immigrants from Dhat syndrome prevailing countries could present with complex cultural myths and superstitious beliefs. Dhat syndrome is a culture‐bound syndrome in which patients believe that they pass Dhat (semen) with their urine, feces, sweat, and saliva that causes lethargy, apathy, dysphoria, and depression. Here, we report a case of a 47‐year‐old man who presented with complaints of burning sensation in the whole body, especially in the pubic region, and insomnia for the last 5 years. We consider Dhat syndrome as the patient has the belief that he has been losing his semen through his saliva, sweat, feces, and urine, which is the reason for his current illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry Enam Medical College and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Firoj Mondal
- Department of Psychiatry Enam Medical College and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Sabina Ghimire
- Department of Psychiatry Enam Medical College and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh
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Arafat SMY, Khan MAS, Knipe D, Khan MM. Population attributable fractions of clinical and social risk factors for suicide in Bangladesh: Finding from a case-control psychological autopsy study. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2409. [PMID: 34758201 PMCID: PMC8671769 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our knowledge of suicide in low-income countries is limited. Understanding the importance of factors that contribute to suicide risk will allow for the appropriate allocation of limited resources. In order to prioritize suicide prevention activities in Bangladesh, we estimate the fractions of suicides attributable to key risk factors. METHODS Using data from matched cases (100) and controls (100) as part of a psychological autopsy study in Dhaka, we estimate the population attributable fraction for key clinical (psychiatric disorders and physical disability), and social (life events, psychical and/or sexual abuse, unemployment, and social isolation) risk factors for suicide in Bangladesh. RESULTS Assuming a causal relationship, life events were responsible for the largest proportion of suicide deaths (85.9%; confidence interval [CI], 79.6-90.2), followed by mental disorder (49.5%; CI, 45.3-53.4). The population attributable fraction for the risk factors was 42.9% (CI, 40.6-45) for depression, 11% (CI, 8.9-13) for sexual abuse, and 34.9% (CI, 10.1-52.9) for social isolation. CONCLUSIONS The study determined the population attributable fraction of risk factors for suicide in Bangladesh. Prevention strategies should be prioritized on the management of the aftermaths of adverse life events, treatment of psychiatric disorders, sexual abuse, and social isolation in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of PsychiatryEnam Medical College and HospitalDhakaBangladesh
| | | | - Duleeka Knipe
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Murad M. Khan
- Department of PsychiatryAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
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Arafat SMY, Khan MM, Menon V, Ali SA, Rezaeian M, Shoib S. Psychological autopsy study and risk factors for suicide in Muslim countries. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e414. [PMID: 34622034 PMCID: PMC8485607 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide and risk factors have been poorly studied in the Muslim-majority countries that hinder the formulation of prevention strategies and affect suicide prevention eventually. OBJECTIVES We aimed at identifying and analyzing the psychological autopsy studies assessing the risk factors for suicide conducted in Muslim-majority countries. METHODS We did a search to trace all the available psychological autopsy studies in the Muslim countries with the search term "psychological autopsy study in Muslim countries." We also checked the available bibliographies to identify the psychological autopsy studies in the Muslim countries so that all the possible studies could be included. RESULTS Out of the Muslim countries, only eight psychological autopsy studies were identified in five countries (Bangladesh [1], Indonesia [1], Iran [1], Pakistan [2], and Turkey [3]). Six studies adopted a case-control study design, and all were carried out in urban settings. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among case-control studies varied from 52.8% in Turkey to 96% in Pakistan. Psychiatric illness, self-harm, and stressful life events were the commonly replicated risk factors for suicide across studies. CONCLUSIONS Psychological autopsy studies have been conducted only in five Muslim countries revealing that the risk factor for suicide is certainly under-researched in the incumbent countries. This review identified a similar list of risk factors for suicide, namely, psychiatric disorder, past non-fatal attempts, and adverse life events compared to the Western countries even though the rate varies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of PsychiatryEnam Medical College and HospitalDhakaBangladesh
| | - Murad M. Khan
- Department of PsychiatryAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Vikas Menon
- Department of PsychiatryJawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)PuducherryIndia
| | | | - Mohsen Rezaeian
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics DepartmentRafsanjan Medical School, Occupational Environmental Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran
| | - Sheikh Shoib
- Department of PsychiatryJawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Hospital (JLNMH)SrinagarIndia
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Arafat SMY, Ali SAEZ, Menon V, Hussain F, Ansari DS, Baminiwatta A, Saleem T, Singh R, Varadharajan N, Biyyala D, Kar SK, Khan MM. Suicide methods in South Asia over two decades (2001-2020). Int J Soc Psychiatry 2021; 67:920-934. [PMID: 34027683 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211015700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a global preventable public health problem. About a quarter of all suicides in the world occur in South Asia. As means restriction is an important suicide prevention strategy, gaining knowledge of the common suicide methods and their changing trends in each country and region is crucial. AIMS We aimed to assess the suicide methods in South Asian countries over the last two decades. METHODS A search was performed in PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar with the search terms. Original articles of quantitative studies, published in the English language, from 2001 to 2020, with full-accessible text, that rank different methods of suicide in eight South Asian countries, were included. RESULTS A total of 68 studies were found eligible for review. The Maximum number of studies were found from India (n = 38), followed by Bangladesh (n = 12), Pakistan (n = 9), Sri Lanka (n = 6), and Nepal (n = 3). Hanging (n = 40, 55.8%) and poisoning (n = 24, 35.3%) were the two most common suicide methods reported, in that order. Hanging followed by poisoning were the commonest suicide methods in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan while in Sri Lanka, poisoning was the preferred method to hanging. There is a decline in suicide by poisoning and an increase in suicide by hanging in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and India. Although hanging is still the commonest method in Pakistan, the use of firearms is growing in recent years (2011-2020). CONCLUSIONS There is a steady decline in the incidence of suicides by poisoning following pesticide regulations in South Asian countries. However, there is heterogeneity of study methods, probable under-reporting of suicide, and lack of robust suicide data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Vikas Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, PY, India
| | - Fahad Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Daniyal Shabbir Ansari
- Department of Critical Care Unit (Anesthesia and ICU), Civil Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Tamkeen Saleem
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, IS, Pakistan
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Department of Community Health Sciences, PatanAcademy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, BA, Nepal
| | - Natarajan Varadharajan
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, PY, India
| | - Deepika Biyyala
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, PY, India
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Murad M Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Aga Khan University, Karachi, SD, Pakistan
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Bose PK, Ray D, Biswas P, Arafat SMY. Suicidal cut-throat wound during LSD intoxication. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e05100. [PMID: 34815882 PMCID: PMC8593880 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a potent hallucinogenic drug affecting the mood and perception of an individual. Although LSD-induced self-inflicted cut-throat wounds and self-harm injuries are extremely rarely reported behaviors, some reports are coming out in recent days that may complicate the depiction of scenarios in forensic psychiatry settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palash Kumar Bose
- Department of Forensic Medicine and ToxicologyEnam Medical CollegeDhakaBangladesh
| | - Debika Ray
- Department of Forensic Medicine and ToxicologyDhaka Medical CollegeDhakaBangladesh
| | - Prodip Biswas
- Department of Forensic Medicine and ToxicologyDhaka Medical CollegeDhakaBangladesh
| | - S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of PsychiatryEnam Medical College and HospitalDhakaBangladesh
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Marthoenis, Htay MNN, Arafat SMY. Quality of online news reporting of suicidal behavior in Myanmar: Adherence to the World Health Organization reporting guidelines. Indian J Psychiatry 2021; 63:597-600. [PMID: 35136259 PMCID: PMC8793717 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_285_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Media reporting of suicide has an essential role in the suicidal behavior of the general population. AIMS The aim of this study is to assess the quality of online news reports of suicidal behavior in Myanmar against the World Health Organization (WHO) reporting guidelines. METHODS We performed a content analysis of all available suicide-related news reports published in vernacular online newspapers of Myanmar. RESULTS A total of 285 reports were analyzed, consisting of 87.4% suicides and 12.6% nonfatal suicidal attempts. Potentially, harmful information reported in the text includes the methods of suicide (100%), the word or term in Burmese related to suicide (89.5%), the name of the person (56.5%), life event (50.5%), and photo or suicidal person (17.9%). Meanwhile, helpful information such as prevention programs and the contact information for suicide services to the readers have been infrequently reported. CONCLUSION The study found that the newspaper reporting of suicide in Myanmar is grossly nonadherent to the WHO media guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthoenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Mila Nu Nu Htay
- Department of Community Medicine, Melaka-Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Savar Union, Bangladesh
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Ayat-E-Zainab Ali S, Ishfaq W, Hassan B, Iqbal N, Ansari DS, Alvi SM, Arafat SMY. The invisible pain of women: sexual coercion, psychological distress and somatic symptoms. Riv Psichiatr 2021; 56:254-260. [PMID: 34663992 DOI: 10.1708/3681.36673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexual coercion among married women is a widely concealed and a serious public health concern that may impede physical, sexual and psychological health of women. PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the associations between sexual coercion, psychological distress and somatic symptoms among married women. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2018 to March 2019 at the International Islamic University, Pakistan. A sample of 200 married women with equal proportion of working and home bound women was selected whilst using non-probability purposive sampling technique from the cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad (Pakistan). Information about study variables were gathered through Sexual Coercion in Intimate Relationship Scale, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and Somatic Symptoms Scale. Linear regression analysis, a moderation analysis and a t-test was carried out using SPSS 23. RESULTS Sexual coercion was positively related to psychological distress and somatic symptoms among married women (p<.001). As a predictor variable, sexual coercion explained a variance of 53% in psychological distress and 35% in somatic symptoms. Additionally, home bound married women were more prone to suffer from sexual coercion, distress of psychological nature and somatic symptoms than married working women (p<.001). DISCUSSION Overall, women who experience sexual coercion have poorer psychological health. Study findings support the notion that husbands may act coercively to acquire or retain an impersonal sense of control and power more on home bound women. Additionally, working status might be a reason that work will positively contribute to the mental health of working women that needs further exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wardah Ishfaq
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Hassan
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Iqbal
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Singh R, Mahato S, Basnet P, Bista K, Karki R, Arafat SMY. Effect of COVID-19 related national lockdown on suicide in Nepal: A comparative analysis of suicidal reports of major national newspaper. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 64:102776. [PMID: 34298486 PMCID: PMC9760293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Singh
- Independent Mental Health Researcher, Kathmandu, Nepal; Visiting Faculty, Department of Public Health, KIST Medical College, Lalitpur, Nepal.
| | - Sharika Mahato
- Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Department, TLMN Anandban Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Pragyan Basnet
- School of Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Kalendra Bista
- School of Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Ritika Karki
- School of Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, 1340, Bangladesh
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Shoib
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jibril I M Handuleh
- Department of Psychiatry St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Rodrigo Ramalho
- Department of Social and Community Health, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Shoib S, Gupta AK, Kar SK, Chandradasa M, Menon V, Ullah I, Thuzar M, Arafat SMY. Asian journal of psychiatry and psychiatry in Asia: Time to reconsider human resources to represent cultural diversity in Asia. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 63:102765. [PMID: 34273759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Shoib
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Hospital, Srinagar, Kashmir, India.
| | | | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Vikas Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Myat Thuzar
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Hospital, Mandalay, Myanmar
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Kar SK, Menon V, Arafat SMY. Early augmentation in early intervention for mental illness: A potential turbo-boost? Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 63:102751. [PMID: 34271535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Vikas Menon
- Dept of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, 605006, India.
| | - S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, 1340, Bangladesh
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Arafat SMY, Karim AKMB, Hossain MF, Menon V, Shoib S. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and C-reactive protein in non-fatal suicidal attempts: A cross-sectional pilot study in Bangladesh. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e347. [PMID: 34386614 PMCID: PMC8340574 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precise identification of risk factors for suicide has been found as fundamentally challenging for the stakeholders. In search of that, the determination of potential biological markers of suicide has been scrutinizing in recent days. However, replicative studies across the culture and time are warranted to utilize the biomarkers in decision-making while considering suicide prevention. OBJECTIVES We aimed to measure the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in non-fatal suicidal attempts. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2020 to May 2021. Data were collected from 26 hospitalized patients after an immediate non-fatal suicidal attempt. We collected blood samples and assessed the complete blood count, NLR, and CRP. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Science version 24.0 and Microsoft Excel software. We performed the independent Mann-Whitney U test to determine the variations between the groups. A value <.05 was considered as the level of significance. RESULTS The mean age of the study population was 24.1 (±7.3), more than half of them (n = 19, 73.1%) were female. The mode of attempt was either hanging (n = 13, 50.0%) or poisoning (n = 13, 50.0%). The previous attempt was noted in 12 (46.2%) cases. The mean CRP level was 16.8 (±30.2) mg/L and the mean NLR level was 8.3 (±6.8) for the total sample. Both the CRP and NLR were significantly higher among those who attempted hanging (P = .019 and .001). CONCLUSIONS The current study revealed preliminary findings on CRP and NLR among non-fatal suicides in Bangladesh where both of the parameters were significantly higher in non-fatal hanging.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of PsychiatryEnam Medical College and HospitalDhakaBangladesh
| | | | - Md Faruk Hossain
- Department of PsychiatryEnam Medical College and HospitalDhakaBangladesh
| | - Vikas Menon
- Department of PsychiatryJawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)PuducherryIndia
| | - Sheikh Shoib
- Department of PsychiatryJawaharlal Nehru Memorial Hospital (JLNMH)SrinagarJammu and KashmirIndia
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Roy D, Kar SK, Arafat SMY, Sharma P, Kabir R. Emotional Bonding and Sexual Activity During COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross-National Pilot Study. Journal of Psychosexual Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/26318318211027482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures have affected the sexuality and emotional bonding among the couple across the world. Objectives: We aimed to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on the married people’s emotional bonding and sexual relationships in 3 south Asian counties (Bangladesh, India, and Nepal). Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Bangladesh, India, and Nepal residents from April 3 to April 15, 2020. The survey was designed in English. The participants were selected through convenience sampling technique, the link of the online questionnaire was shared with the participants. Only participants older than 18 years and above, married, and living with their spouses were included in the study. Results: A total number of 120 respondents were included finally for analysis from the participating countries (India, Nepal, and Bangladesh). The mean age of the participants was 35.42 (±5.73) years; the majority were males under the age of 40 years and had completed postgraduation as their qualification. Among the study participants, more than half (53.8%) of the women reported being sexually active during the lockdown, whereas 41% of the men reported being sexually active. Among the sexually active participants, most women (57.7%) reported that they perceived positive emotional bonding with their partners. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference observed when compared with men. There are variations in responses. However, no significant association was identified. Conclusion: There are a few insights from the study, that is, there was no significant difference found in almost 3 countries in emotional intimacy. There had been a trend that there is improved emotional bonding with their partners, although no significant difference was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deblina Roy
- Department of Psychiatry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Pawan Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Russell Kabir
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
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