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Georgieva MN, Rimskaya-Korsakova NN, Krolenko VI, Van Dover CL, Amon DJ, Copley JT, Plouviez S, Ball B, Wiklund H, Glover AG. A tale of two tubeworms: taxonomy of vestimentiferans (Annelida: Siboglinidae) from the Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre. INVERTEBR SYST 2023. [DOI: 10.1071/is22047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The vestimentiferan tubeworm genera Lamellibrachia and Escarpia inhabit deep-sea chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, such as seeps, hydrothermal vents and organic falls, and have wide distributions across the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. In 2010–2012 during initial explorations of hydrothermal vents of the Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre (MCSC), both genera were found to co-occur at the Von Damm Vent Field (VDVF), a site characterised by diffuse flow, therefore resembling a ‘hydrothermal seep’. Here, we erect two new vestimentiferan tubeworm species from the VDVF, Lamellibrachia judigobini sp. nov. and Escarpia tritentaculata sp. nov. Lamellibrachia judigobini sp. nov. differs genetically and morphologically from other Lamellibrachia species, and has a range that extends across the Gulf of Mexico, MCSC, off Trinidad and Tobago, and Barbados, and also across both vents and seeps and 964–3304-m water depth. Escarpia tritentaculata sp. nov. is distinguished from other Escarpia species primarily based on morphology and is known only from vents of the MCSC at 2300-m depth. This study highlights the incredible habitat flexibility of a single Lamellibrachia species and the genus Escarpia, and historic biogeographic connections to the eastern Pacific for L. judigobini sp. nov. and the eastern Atlantic for E. tritentaculata sp. nov. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D9F72BD4-FDE1-4C0A-B84B-A08D06F2A981
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Wang M, Ruan L, Liu M, Liu Z, He J, Zhang L, Wang Y, Shi H, Chen M, Yang F, Zeng R, He J, Guo C, Chen J. The genome of a vestimentiferan tubeworm (Ridgeia piscesae) provides insights into its adaptation to a deep-sea environment. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:72. [PMID: 36774470 PMCID: PMC9921365 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vestimentifera (Polychaeta, Siboglinidae) is a taxon of deep-sea worm-like animals living in deep-sea hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, and organic falls. The morphology and lifespan of Ridgeia piscesae, which is the only vestimentiferan tubeworm species found in the hydrothermal vents on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, vary greatly according to endemic environment. Recent analyses have revealed the genomic basis of adaptation in three vent- and seep-dwelling vestimentiferan tubeworms. However, the evolutionary history and mechanism of adaptation in R. piscesae, a unique species in the family Siboglinidae, remain to be investigated. RESULT We assembled a draft genome of R. piscesae collected at the Cathedral vent of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Comparative genomic analysis showed that vent-dwelling tubeworms with a higher growth rate had smaller genome sizes than seep-dwelling tubeworms that grew much slower. A strong positive correlation between repeat content and genome size but not intron size and the number of protein-coding genes was identified in these deep-sea tubeworm species. Evolutionary analysis revealed that Ridgeia pachyptila and R. piscesae, the two tubeworm species that are endemic to hydrothermal vents of the eastern Pacific, started to diverge between 28.5 and 35 million years ago. Four genes involved in cell proliferation were found to be subject to positive selection in the genome of R. piscesae. CONCLUSION Ridgeia pachyptila and R. piscesae started to diverge after the formation of the Gorda/Juan de Fuca/Explorer ridge systems and the East Pacific Rise. The high growth rates of vent-dwelling tubeworms might be derived from their small genome sizes. Cell proliferation is important for regulating the growth rate in R. piscesae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhua Wang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082 China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XChina-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory On Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Lingwei Ruan
- grid.453137.70000 0004 0406 0561State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, 361005 China
| | - Meng Liu
- grid.410753.4Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082 China
| | - Jian He
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082 China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XChina-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory On Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Long Zhang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082 China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082 China
| | - Hong Shi
- grid.453137.70000 0004 0406 0561State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, 361005 China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- grid.453137.70000 0004 0406 0561State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, 361005 China
| | - Feng Yang
- grid.453137.70000 0004 0406 0561State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, 361005 China
| | - Runying Zeng
- grid.453137.70000 0004 0406 0561State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, 361005 China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China. .,China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory On Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Changjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China. .,China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory On Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Jianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, 361005, China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory On Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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Annelids in Extreme Aquatic Environments: Diversity, Adaptations and Evolution. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We review the variety of morphological, physiological and behavioral modifications that annelids have acquired to cope with environments either unsuitable for, or on the limits of, survival for most animals. We focus on polychaetes (excluding sipunculans and echiurans) and clitellates (oligochaetes and leeches) and source information mostly from the primary literature. We identified many modifications common to both polychaetes and clitellates, and others that are specific to one or the other group. For example, certain land-adapted polychaetes show reduction in nuchal organs, epidermal ciliation and receptor cells, and other coastal polychaetes use adhesive glands and glue-reinforced tubes to maintain position in surf zones, while oligochaetes, with their simple body plans, appear to be ‘pre-adapted’ to life underground. Modifications common to both groups include the ability to construct protective cocoons, make cryoprotective substances such as antifreeze and heat shock proteins, develop gills, transform their bodies into a home for symbiotic chemoautotrophic bacteria, metabolize contaminants, and display avoidance behaviors. Convergent evolution in both directions has enabled annelids to transition from salt water to freshwater, sea to land via beaches, freshwater to soil, and surface water to subterranean water. A superficially simple worm-like body and a mostly benthic/burrowing lifestyle has facilitated radiation into every conceivable environment, making annelids among the most common and diverse animal groups on the planet.
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Li Y, Tassia MG, Waits DS, Bogantes VE, David KT, Halanych KM. Genomic adaptations to chemosymbiosis in the deep-sea seep-dwelling tubeworm Lamellibrachia luymesi. BMC Biol 2019; 17:91. [PMID: 31739792 PMCID: PMC6862839 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symbiotic relationships between microbes and their hosts are widespread and diverse, often providing protection or nutrients, and may be either obligate or facultative. However, the genetic mechanisms allowing organisms to maintain host-symbiont associations at the molecular level are still mostly unknown, and in the case of bacterial-animal associations, most genetic studies have focused on adaptations and mechanisms of the bacterial partner. The gutless tubeworms (Siboglinidae, Annelida) are obligate hosts of chemoautotrophic endosymbionts (except for Osedax which houses heterotrophic Oceanospirillales), which rely on the sulfide-oxidizing symbionts for nutrition and growth. Whereas several siboglinid endosymbiont genomes have been characterized, genomes of hosts and their adaptations to this symbiosis remain unexplored. RESULTS Here, we present and characterize adaptations of the cold seep-dwelling tubeworm Lamellibrachia luymesi, one of the longest-lived solitary invertebrates. We sequenced the worm's ~ 688-Mb haploid genome with an overall completeness of ~ 95% and discovered that L. luymesi lacks many genes essential in amino acid biosynthesis, obligating them to products provided by symbionts. Interestingly, the host is known to carry hydrogen sulfide to thiotrophic endosymbionts using hemoglobin. We also found an expansion of hemoglobin B1 genes, many of which possess a free cysteine residue which is hypothesized to function in sulfide binding. Contrary to previous analyses, the sulfide binding mediated by zinc ions is not conserved across tubeworms. Thus, the sulfide-binding mechanisms in sibgolinids need to be further explored, and B1 globins might play a more important role than previously thought. Our comparative analyses also suggest the Toll-like receptor pathway may be essential for tolerance/sensitivity to symbionts and pathogens. Several genes related to the worm's unique life history which are known to play important roles in apoptosis, cell proliferation, and aging were also identified. Last, molecular clock analyses based on phylogenomic data suggest modern siboglinid diversity originated in 267 mya (± 70 my) support previous hypotheses indicating a Late Mesozoic or Cenozoic origins of approximately 50-126 mya for vestimentiferans. CONCLUSIONS Here, we elucidate several specific adaptations along various molecular pathways that link phenome to genome to improve understanding of holobiont evolution. Our findings of adaptation in genomic mechanisms to reducing environments likely extend to other chemosynthetic symbiotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanning Li
- Department of Biological Sciences & Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - Michael G Tassia
- Department of Biological Sciences & Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Damien S Waits
- Department of Biological Sciences & Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Viktoria E Bogantes
- Department of Biological Sciences & Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Kyle T David
- Department of Biological Sciences & Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Kenneth M Halanych
- Department of Biological Sciences & Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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Cheng J, Hui M, Sha Z. Transcriptomic analysis reveals insights into deep-sea adaptations of the dominant species, Shinkaia crosnieri (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura), inhabiting both hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:388. [PMID: 31103028 PMCID: PMC6525460 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hydrothermal vents and cold seeps are typical deep-sea chemosynthetically-driven ecosystems that allow high abundance of specialized macro-benthos. To gather knowledge about the genetic basis of adaptation to these extreme environments, species shared between different habitats, especially for the dominant species, are of particular interest. The galatheid squat lobster, Shinkaia crosnieri Baba and Williams, 1998, is one of the few dominant species inhabiting both deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. In this study, we performed transcriptome analyses of S. crosnieri collected from the Iheya North hydrothermal vent (HV) and a cold seep in the South China Sea (CS) to provide insights into how this species has evolved to thrive in different deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems. Results We analyzed 5347 orthologs between HV and CS to identify genes under positive selection through the maximum likelihood approach. A total of 82 genes were identified to be positively selected and covered diverse functional categories, potentially indicating their importance for S. crosnieri to cope with environmental heterogeneity between deep-sea vents and seeps. Among 39,806 annotated unigenes, a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between HV and CS, including 339 and 206 genes significantly up-regulated in HV and CS, respectively. Most of the DEGs associated with stress response and immunity were up-regulated in HV, possibly allowing S. crosnieri to increase its capability to manage more environmental stresses in the hydrothermal vents. Conclusions We provide the first comprehensive transcriptomic resource for the deep-sea squat lobster, S. crosnieri, inhabiting both hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. A number of stress response and immune-related genes were positively selected and/or differentially expressed, potentially indicating their important roles for S. crosnieri to thrive in both deep-sea vents and cold seeps. Our results indicated that genetic adaptation of S. crosnieri to different deep-sea chemosynthetic environments might be mediated by adaptive evolution of functional genes related to stress response and immunity, and alterations in their gene expression that lead to different stress resistance. However, further work is required to test these proposed hypotheses. All results can constitute important baseline data for further studies towards elucidating the adaptive mechanisms in deep-sea crustaceans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5753-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Cheng
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Min Hui
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhongli Sha
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China. .,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Wojtczyk-Miaskowska A, Schlichtholz B. DNA damage and oxidative stress in long-lived aquatic organisms. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 69:14-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Durkin A, Fisher CR, Cordes EE. Extreme longevity in a deep-sea vestimentiferan tubeworm and its implications for the evolution of life history strategies. Naturwissenschaften 2017; 104:63. [PMID: 28689349 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-017-1479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The deep sea is home to many species that have longer life spans than their shallow-water counterparts. This trend is primarily related to the decline in metabolic rates with temperature as depth increases. However, at bathyal depths, the cold-seep vestimentiferan tubeworm species Lamellibrachia luymesi and Seepiophila jonesi reach extremely old ages beyond what is predicted by the simple scaling of life span with body size and temperature. Here, we use individual-based models based on in situ growth rates to show that another species of cold-seep tubeworm found in the Gulf of Mexico, Escarpia laminata, also has an extraordinarily long life span, regularly achieving ages of 100-200 years with some individuals older than 300 years. The distribution of results from individual simulations as well as whole population simulations involving mortality and recruitment rates support these age estimates. The low 0.67% mortality rate measurements from collected populations of E. laminata are similar to mortality rates in L. luymesi and S. jonesi and play a role in evolution of the long life span of cold-seep tubeworms. These results support longevity theory, which states that in the absence of extrinsic mortality threats, natural selection will select for individuals that senesce slower and reproduce continually into their old age.
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Huang C, Schaeffer SW, Fisher CR, Cowart DA. Investigation of population structure in Gulf of Mexico Seepiophila jonesi (Polychaeta, Siboglinidae) using cross-amplified microsatellite loci. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2366. [PMID: 27635334 PMCID: PMC5012325 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vestimentiferan tubeworms are some of the most recognizable fauna found at deep-sea cold seeps, isolated environments where hydrocarbon rich fluids fuel biological communities. Several studies have investigated tubeworm population structure; however, much is still unknown about larval dispersal patterns at Gulf of Mexico (GoM) seeps. As such, researchers have applied microsatellite markers as a measure for documenting the transport of vestimentiferan individuals. In the present study, we investigate the utility of microsatellites to be cross-amplified within the escarpiid clade of seep vestimentiferans, by determining if loci originally developed for Escarpia spp. could be amplified in the GoM seep tubeworm, Seepiophila jonesi. Additionally, we determine if cross-amplified loci can reliably uncover the same signatures of high gene flow seen in a previous investigation of S. jonesi. METHODS Seventy-seven S. jonesi individuals were collected from eight seep sites across the upper Louisiana slope (<1,000 m) in the GoM. Forty-eight microsatellite loci that were originally developed for Escarpia laminata (18 loci) and Escarpia southwardae (30 loci) were tested to determine if they were homologous and polymorphic in S. jonesi. Loci found to be both polymorphic and of high quality were used to test for significant population structuring in S. jonesi. RESULTS Microsatellite pre-screening identified 13 (27%) of the Escarpia loci were homologous and polymorphic in S. jonesi, revealing that microsatellites can be amplified within the escarpiid clade of vestimentiferans. Our findings uncovered low levels of heterozygosity and a lack of genetic differentiation amongst S. jonesi from various sites and regions, in line with previous investigations that employed species-specific polymorphic loci on S. jonesi individuals retrieved from both the same and different seep sites. The lack of genetic structure identified from these populations supports the presence of significant gene flow via larval dispersal in mixed oceanic currents. DISCUSSION The ability to develop "universal" microsatellites reduces the costs associated with these analyses and allows researchers to track and investigate a wider array of taxa, which is particularly useful for organisms living at inaccessible locations such as the deep sea. Our study highlights that non-species specific microsatellites can be amplified across large evolutionary distances and still yield similar findings as species-specific loci. Further, these results show that S. jonesi collected from various localities in the GoM represents a single panmictic population, suggesting that dispersal of lecithotrophic larvae by deep sea currents is sufficient to homogenize populations. These data are consistent with the high levels of gene flow seen in Escarpia spp., which advocates that differences in microhabitats of seep localities lead to variation in biogeography of separate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunya Huang
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Stephen W. Schaeffer
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Charles R. Fisher
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Dominique A. Cowart
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Current affiliation: Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Teixeira S, Olu K, Decker C, Cunha RL, Fuchs S, Hourdez S, Serrão EA, Arnaud-Haond S. High connectivity across the fragmented chemosynthetic ecosystems of the deep Atlantic Equatorial Belt: efficient dispersal mechanisms or questionable endemism? Mol Ecol 2013; 22:4663-80. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karine Olu
- Ifremer, Laboratoire “Environment Profond” (EEP-LEP); CS10070; 2980; Plouzané; France
| | - Carole Decker
- Ifremer, Laboratoire “Environment Profond” (EEP-LEP); CS10070; 2980; Plouzané; France
| | - Regina L. Cunha
- Centre of Marine Sciences; CIMAR, University of Algarve; Campus of Gambelas; 8005-139; Faro; Portugal
| | - Sandra Fuchs
- Ifremer, Laboratoire “Environment Profond” (EEP-LEP); CS10070; 2980; Plouzané; France
| | - Stéphane Hourdez
- Station Biologique de Roscoff; Equipe Ecophysiologie Adaptation et Evolution Moleculaires; 29680; Roscoff; France
| | - Ester A. Serrão
- Centre of Marine Sciences; CIMAR, University of Algarve; Campus of Gambelas; 8005-139; Faro; Portugal
| | - Sophie Arnaud-Haond
- Ifremer, Laboratoire “Environment Profond” (EEP-LEP); CS10070; 2980; Plouzané; France
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Cowart DA, Huang C, Arnaud-Haond S, Carney SL, Fisher CR, Schaeffer SW. Restriction to large-scale gene flow vs. regional panmixia among cold seep Escarpia spp. (Polychaeta, Siboglinidae). Mol Ecol 2013; 22:4147-4162. [PMID: 23879204 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The history of colonization and dispersal in fauna distributed among deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems remains enigmatic and poorly understood because of an inability to mark and track individuals. A combination of molecular, morphological and environmental data improves understanding of spatial and temporal scales at which panmixia, disruption of gene flow or even speciation may occur. Vestimentiferan tubeworms of the genus Escarpia are important components of deep -sea cold seep ecosystems, as they provide long-term habitat for many other taxa. Three species of Escarpia, Escarpia spicata [Gulf of California (GoC)], Escarpia laminata [Gulf of Mexico (GoM)] and Escarpia southwardae (West African Cold Seeps), have been described based on morphology, but are not discriminated through the use of mitochondrial markers (cytochrome oxidase subunit 1; large ribosomal subunit rDNA, 16S; cytochrome b). Here, we also sequenced the exon-primed intron-crossing Haemoglobin subunit B2 intron and genotyped 28 microsatellites to (i) determine the level of genetic differentiation, if any, among the three geographically separated entities and (ii) identify possible population structure at the regional scale within the GoM and West Africa. Results at the global scale support the occurrence of three genetically distinct groups. At the regional scale among eight sampling sites of E. laminata (n = 129) and among three sampling sites of E. southwardae (n = 80), no population structure was detected. These findings suggest that despite the patchiness and isolation of seep habitats, connectivity is high on regional scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique A Cowart
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Erwin W. Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Chunya Huang
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Erwin W. Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sophie Arnaud-Haond
- Département des Ressources physiques et Ecosystèmes de Fond de mer (REM), IFREMER (Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MER), Unité Environnement Profond-DEEP du, B.P. 70 - 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Susan L Carney
- Department of Biology, Hood College, 401 Rosemont Avenue, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Charles R Fisher
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Erwin W. Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Stephen W Schaeffer
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Erwin W. Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Popov IY. Distribution of various aging patterns in the system of the animal world. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057012010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Southward EC, Andersen AC, Hourdez S. Lamellibrachia anaximandrin. sp., a new vestimentiferan tubeworm (Annelida) from the Mediterranean, with notes on frenulate tubeworms from the same habitat. ZOOSYSTEMA 2011. [DOI: 10.5252/z2011n3a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Govenar B. Shaping Vent and Seep Communities: Habitat Provision and Modification by Foundation Species. TOPICS IN GEOBIOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9572-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Genetics and Evolution of Deep-Sea Chemosynthetic Bacteria and Their Invertebrate Hosts. TOPICS IN GEOBIOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9572-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Bodnar AG. Marine invertebrates as models for aging research. Exp Gerontol 2009; 44:477-84. [PMID: 19454313 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A G Bodnar
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, 17 Biological Lane, St. George's GE 01, Bermuda.
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16
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Cordes EE, Bergquist DC, Fisher CR. Macro-ecology of Gulf of Mexico cold seeps. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2009; 1:143-168. [PMID: 21141033 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Shortly after the discovery of chemosynthetic ecosystems at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, similar ecosystems were found at cold seeps in the Gulf of Mexico. Over the past two decades, these sites have become model systems for understanding the physiology of the symbiont-containing megafauna and the ecology of seep communities worldwide. Symbiont-containing bi-valves and siboglinid polychaetes dominate the communities, including five bathymodiolin mussel species and six vestimentiferan (siboglinid polychaete) species in the Gulf of Mexico. The mussels include the first described examples of methanotrophic symbiosis and dual methanotrophic/thiotrophic symbiosis. Studies with the vestimentiferans have demonstrated their potential for extreme longevity and their ability to use posterior structures for subsurface exchange of dissolved metabolites. Ecological investigations have demonstrated that the vestimentiferans function as ecosystem engineers and identified a community succession sequence from a specialized high-biomass endemic community to a low-biomass community of background fauna over the life of a hydrocarbon seep site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik E Cordes
- Biology Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
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Dattagupta S, Miles LL, Barnabei MS, Fisher CR. The hydrocarbon seep tubeworm Lamellibrachia luymesi primarily eliminates sulfate and hydrogen ions across its roots to conserve energy and ensure sulfide supply. J Exp Biol 2006; 209:3795-805. [PMID: 16985196 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.02413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Lamellibrachia luymesi (Polychaeta, Siboglinidae) is a deep-sea vestimentiferan tubeworm that forms large bush-like aggregations at hydrocarbon seeps in the Gulf of Mexico. Like all vestimentiferans, L. luymesi obtains its nutrition from sulfide-oxidizing endosymbiotic bacteria, which it houses in an internal organ called the trophosome. This tubeworm has a lifespan of over 170 years and its survival is contingent upon the availability of sulfide during this long period. In sediments underlying L. luymesi aggregations, microbes produce sulfide by coupling sulfate reduction with hydrocarbon oxidation. L. luymesi acquires sulfide from the sediment using a root-like posterior extension of its body that is buried in the sediment. Its symbionts then oxidize the sulfide to produce energy for carbon fixation, and release sulfate and hydrogen ions as byproducts. It is critical for the tubeworm to eliminate these waste ions, and it could do so either across its vascular plume or across its root. In this study, we measured sulfate and proton elimination rates from live L. luymesi and found that they eliminated approximately 85% of the sulfate produced by sulfide oxidation, and approximately 67% of the protons produced by various metabolic processes, across their roots. On the basis of experiments using membrane transport inhibitors, we suggest that L. luymesi has anion exchangers that mediate sulfate elimination coupled with bicarbonate uptake. Roots could be the ideal exchange surface for eliminating sulfate and hydrogen ions for two reasons. First, these ions might be eliminated across the root epithelium using facilitated diffusion, which is energetically economical. Second, sulfate and hydrogen ions are substrates for bacterial sulfate reduction, and supplying these ions into the sediment might help ensure a sustained sulfide supply for L. luymesi over its entire lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmishtha Dattagupta
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Abstract
New research and techniques are beginning to provide intriguing clues into the complex relationships that tubeworms form with other species at hydrothermal vents and deep-sea cold seeps
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Boetius
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.
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Järnegren J, Tobias CR, Macko SA, Young CM. Egg predation fuels unique species association at deep-sea hydrocarbon seeps. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2005; 209:87-93. [PMID: 16260768 DOI: 10.2307/3593126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Järnegren
- Trondhjem Biological Station, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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20
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Naganuma T, Elsaied HE, Hoshii D, Kimura H. Bacterial endosymbioses of gutless tube-dwelling worms in nonhydrothermal vent habitats. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2005; 7:416-28. [PMID: 16088356 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-004-5089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2005] [Accepted: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Gutless tube-dwelling worms of pogonophorans (also known as frenulates) and vestimentiferans depend on primary production of endosymbiotic bacteria. The endosymbionts include thiotrophs that oxidize sulfur for autotrophic production and methanotrophs that oxidize and assimilate methane. Although most of the pogonophoran and vestimentiferan tube worms possess single thiotrophic 16S rRNA genes (16S rDNA) related to gamma-proteobacteria, some pogonohorans are known to bear single methanotroph species or even dual symbionts of thiotrophs and methanotrophs. The vestimentiferan Lamellibrachia sp. L1 shows symbiotic 16S rDNA sequences of alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and epsilon-proteobacteria, varying among specimens, with RuBisCO form II gene (cbbM) sequences related to beta-proteobacteria. An unidentified pogonophoran from the world's deepest cold seep, 7326-m deep in the Japan Trench, hosts a symbiotic thiotroph based on 16S rDNA with the RuBisCO form I gene (cbbL). In contrast, a shallow-water pogonophoran (Oligobrachia mashikoi) in coastal Japan Sea has a methanotrophic 16S rDNA and thiotrophic cbbL, which may suggest the feature of type X methanotrophs. These observations demonstrate that pogonophoran and vestimentiferan worms have higher plasticity in bacterial symbioses than previously suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Naganuma
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan.
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21
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Modeling the mutualistic interactions between tubeworms and microbial consortia. PLoS Biol 2005; 3:e77. [PMID: 15736979 PMCID: PMC1044833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2004] [Accepted: 12/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep-sea vestimentiferan tubeworm Lamellibrachia luymesi forms large aggregations at hydrocarbon seeps in the Gulf of Mexico that may persist for over 250 y. Here, we present the results of a diagenetic model in which tubeworm aggregation persistence is achieved through augmentation of the supply of sulfate to hydrocarbon seep sediments. In the model, L. luymesi releases the sulfate generated by its internal, chemoautotrophic, sulfide-oxidizing symbionts through posterior root-like extensions of its body. The sulfate fuels sulfate reduction, commonly coupled to anaerobic methane oxidation and hydrocarbon degradation by bacterial–archaeal consortia. If sulfate is released by the tubeworms, sulfide generation mainly by hydrocarbon degradation is sufficient to support moderate-sized aggregations of L. luymesi for hundreds of years. The results of this model expand our concept of the potential benefits derived from complex interspecific relationships, in this case involving members of all three domains of life. Modeling the interactions between deep-sea tubeworms and bacteria/archaea at hydrocarbon seeps provides a solution to their long term energy source and could help to explain the tubeworm's extreme longevity
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McMullin ER, Wood J, Hamm S. Twelve microsatellites for two deep sea polychaete tubeworm species, Lamellibrachia luymesi and Seepiophila jonesi, from the Gulf of Mexico. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cordes EE, Bergquist DC, Shea K, Fisher CR. Hydrogen sulphide demand of long-lived vestimentiferan tube worm aggregations modifies the chemical environment at deep-sea hydrocarbon seeps. Ecol Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Southward EC, Schulze A, Tunnicliffe V. Vestimentiferans (Pogonophora) in the Pacific and Indian Oceans: a new genus from Lihir Island (Papua New Guinea) and the Java Trench, with the first report of Arcovestia ivanovi from the North Fiji Basin. J NAT HIST 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/00222930110040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Freytag JK, Girguis PR, Bergquist DC, Andras JP, Childress JJ, Fisher CR. A paradox resolved: sulfide acquisition by roots of seep tubeworms sustains net chemoautotrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:13408-13. [PMID: 11687647 PMCID: PMC60884 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.231589498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestimentiferan tubeworms, symbiotic with sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacteria, dominate many cold-seep sites in the Gulf of Mexico. The most abundant vestimentiferan species at these sites, Lamellibrachia cf. luymesi, grows quite slowly to lengths exceeding 2 meters and lives in excess of 170-250 years. L. cf. luymesi can grow a posterior extension of its tube and tissue, termed a "root," down into sulfidic sediments below its point of original attachment. This extension can be longer than the anterior portion of the animal. Here we show, using methods optimized for detection of hydrogen sulfide down to 0.1 microM in seawater, that hydrogen sulfide was never detected around the plumes of large cold-seep vestimentiferans and rarely detectable only around the bases of mature aggregations. Respiration experiments, which exposed the root portions of L. cf. luymesi to sulfide concentrations between 51-561 microM, demonstrate that L. cf. luymesi use their roots as a respiratory surface to acquire sulfide at an average rate of 4.1 micromol x g(-1) x h(-1). Net dissolved inorganic carbon uptake across the plume of the tubeworms was shown to occur in response to exposure of the posterior (root) portion of the worms to sulfide, demonstrating that sulfide acquisition by roots of the seep vestimentiferan L. cf. luymesi can be sufficient to fuel net autotrophic total dissolved inorganic carbon uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Freytag
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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