1
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Morrow JD, Ugwumadu C, Drabold DA, Elliott SR, Goodwin AL, Deringer VL. Understanding Defects in Amorphous Silicon with Million-Atom Simulations and Machine Learning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403842. [PMID: 38517212 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The structure of amorphous silicon (a-Si) is widely thought of as a fourfold-connected random network, and yet it is defective atoms, with fewer or more than four bonds, that make it particularly interesting. Despite many attempts to explain such "dangling-bond" and "floating-bond" defects, respectively, a unified understanding is still missing. Here, we use advanced computational chemistry methods to reveal the complex structural and energetic landscape of defects in a-Si. We study an ultra-large-scale, quantum-accurate structural model containing a million atoms, and thousands of individual defects, allowing reliable defect-related statistics to be obtained. We combine structural descriptors and machine-learned atomic energies to develop a classification of the different types of defects in a-Si. The results suggest a revision of the established floating-bond model by showing that fivefold-bonded atoms in a-Si exhibit a wide range of local environments-analogous to fivefold centers in coordination chemistry. Furthermore, it is shown that fivefold (but not threefold) coordination defects tend to cluster together. Our study provides new insights into one of the most widely studied amorphous solids, and has general implications for understanding defects in disordered materials beyond silicon alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe D Morrow
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Chinonso Ugwumadu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute (NQPI), Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, United States
| | - David A Drabold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute (NQPI), Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, United States
| | - Stephen R Elliott
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew L Goodwin
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Volker L Deringer
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
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2
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Wang F, Yue L, Li Q, Liu B. Electron Microscope Study of the Pressure-Induced Phase Transformation and Microstructure Change of TiO 2 Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2233-2240. [PMID: 38377180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Microstructure transformation of materials under compression is crucial to understanding their high-pressure phase transformation. However, direct observation of the microstructure of compressive materials is a considerable challenge, which impedes the understanding of the relations among phase transformation, microstructure, and material properties. In this study, we used transmission Kikuchi diffraction and transmission electron microscopy to intuitively characterize pressure-induced phase transformation and microstructure of TiO2. We observed the changes of twin boundaries with increasing pressure and intermediate phase TiO2-I of anatase transformed into TiO2-II (α-PbO2 phase) for the first time. The following changes occur during this transformation: anatase (diameter of ∼100 nm) → anatase twins 60° along the [110] zone axis → intermediate TiO2-I twins 60° along the [010] zone axis → TiO2-II twins 90° along the [010] zone axis. These results directly reveal the crystallographic relation among these structures, enhancing our understanding of the phase transformation in TiO2 nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China
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3
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Faure Beaulieu Z, Deringer VL, Martelli F. High-dimensional order parameters and neural network classifiers applied to amorphous ices. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:081101. [PMID: 38421068 DOI: 10.1063/5.0193340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Amorphous ice phases are key constituents of water's complex structural landscape. This study investigates the polyamorphic nature of water, focusing on the complexities within low-density amorphous ice (LDA), high-density amorphous ice, and the recently discovered medium-density amorphous ice (MDA). We use rotationally invariant, high-dimensional order parameters to capture a wide spectrum of local symmetries for the characterization of local oxygen environments. We train a neural network to classify these local environments and investigate the distinctiveness of MDA within the structural landscape of amorphous ice. Our results highlight the difficulty in accurately differentiating MDA from LDA due to structural similarities. Beyond water, our methodology can be applied to investigate the structural properties and phases of disordered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoé Faure Beaulieu
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Volker L Deringer
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Fausto Martelli
- IBM Research Europe, Hartree Centre, Daresbury WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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4
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Fan Z, Tanaka H. Microscopic mechanisms of pressure-induced amorphous-amorphous transitions and crystallisation in silicon. Nat Commun 2024; 15:368. [PMID: 38228606 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Some low-coordination materials, including water, silica, and silicon, exhibit polyamorphism, having multiple amorphous forms. However, the microscopic mechanism and kinetic pathway of amorphous-amorphous transition (AAT) remain largely unknown. Here, we use a state-of-the-art machine-learning potential and local structural analysis to investigate the microscopic kinetics of AAT in silicon after a rapid pressure change. We find that the transition from low-density-amorphous (LDA) to high-density-amorphous (HDA) occurs through nucleation and growth, resulting in non-spherical interfaces that underscore the mechanical nature of AAT. In contrast, the reverse transition occurs through spinodal decomposition. Further pressurisation transforms LDA into very-high-density amorphous (VHDA), with HDA serving as an intermediate state. Notably, the final amorphous states are inherently unstable, transitioning into crystals. Our findings demonstrate that AAT and crystallisation are driven by joint thermodynamic and mechanical instabilities, assisted by preordering, occurring without diffusion. This unique mechanical and diffusion-less nature distinguishes AAT from liquid-liquid transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Fan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan.
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
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5
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Yun Q, Ge Y, Shi Z, Liu J, Wang X, Zhang A, Huang B, Yao Y, Luo Q, Zhai L, Ge J, Peng Y, Gong C, Zhao M, Qin Y, Ma C, Wang G, Wa Q, Zhou X, Li Z, Li S, Zhai W, Yang H, Ren Y, Wang Y, Li L, Ruan X, Wu Y, Chen B, Lu Q, Lai Z, He Q, Huang X, Chen Y, Zhang H. Recent Progress on Phase Engineering of Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37962496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
As a key structural parameter, phase depicts the arrangement of atoms in materials. Normally, a nanomaterial exists in its thermodynamically stable crystal phase. With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials with unconventional crystal phases, which rarely exist in their bulk counterparts, or amorphous phase have been prepared using carefully controlled reaction conditions. Together these methods are beginning to enable phase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN), i.e., the synthesis of nanomaterials with unconventional phases and the transformation between different phases, to obtain desired properties and functions. This Review summarizes the research progress in the field of PEN. First, we present representative strategies for the direct synthesis of unconventional phases and modulation of phase transformation in diverse kinds of nanomaterials. We cover the synthesis of nanomaterials ranging from metal nanostructures such as Au, Ag, Cu, Pd, and Ru, and their alloys; metal oxides, borides, and carbides; to transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and 2D layered materials. We review synthesis and growth methods ranging from wet-chemical reduction and seed-mediated epitaxial growth to chemical vapor deposition (CVD), high pressure phase transformation, and electron and ion-beam irradiation. After that, we summarize the significant influence of phase on the various properties of unconventional-phase nanomaterials. We also discuss the potential applications of the developed unconventional-phase nanomaterials in different areas including catalysis, electrochemical energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors), solar cells, optoelectronics, and sensing. Finally, we discuss existing challenges and future research directions in PEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinbai Yun
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering & Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiyao Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenyu Shi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Xixi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - An Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinxin Luo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingjie Ge
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yongwu Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chengtao Gong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Meiting Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yutian Qin
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingbo Wa
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xichen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongji Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lujing Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyang Ruan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qipeng Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhuangchai Lai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiyuan He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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6
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Levitas VI, Dhar A, Pandey KK. Tensorial stress-plastic strain fields in α - ω Zr mixture, transformation kinetics, and friction in diamond-anvil cell. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5955. [PMID: 37741842 PMCID: PMC10517986 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Various phenomena (phase transformations (PTs), chemical reactions, microstructure evolution, strength, and friction) under high pressures in diamond-anvil cell are strongly affected by fields of stress and plastic strain tensors. However, they could not be measured. Here, we suggest coupled experimental-analytical-computational approaches utilizing synchrotron X-ray diffraction, to solve an inverse problem and find fields of all components of stress and plastic strain tensors and friction rules before, during, and after α-ω PT in strongly plastically predeformed Zr. Results are in good correspondence with each other and experiments. Due to advanced characterization, the minimum pressure for the strain-induced α-ω PT is changed from 1.36 to 2.7 GPa. It is independent of the plastic strain before PT and compression-shear path. The theoretically predicted plastic strain-controlled kinetic equation is verified and quantified. Obtained results open opportunities for developing quantitative high-pressure/stress science, including mechanochemistry, synthesis of new nanostructured materials, geophysics, astrogeology, and tribology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery I Levitas
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
- Ames National Laboratory, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Achyut Dhar
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - K K Pandey
- High Pressure & Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
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7
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Hu X, Liu N, Jambur V, Attarian S, Su R, Zhang H, Xi J, Luo H, Perepezko J, Szlufarska I. Amorphous shear bands in crystalline materials as drivers of plasticity. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:1071-1077. [PMID: 37400590 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01597-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the formation of amorphous shear bands in crystalline materials has been undesirable, because shear bands can nucleate voids and act as precursors to fracture. They also form as a final stage of accumulated damage. Only recently were shear bands found to form in undefected crystals, where they serve as the primary driver of plasticity without nucleating voids. Here we have discovered trends in materials properties that determine when amorphous shear bands will form and whether they will drive plasticity or lead to fracture. We have identified the materials systems that exhibit shear-band deformation, and by varying the composition, we were able to switch from ductile to brittle behaviour. Our findings are based on a combination of experimental characterization and atomistic simulations, and they provide a potential strategy for increasing the toughness of nominally brittle materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxin Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nuohao Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vrishank Jambur
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Siamak Attarian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ranran Su
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jianqi Xi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hubin Luo
- CISRI & NIMTE Joint Innovation Center for Rare Earth Permanent Magnets, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, PR China
| | - John Perepezko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Izabela Szlufarska
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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8
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Liu W, Zheng X, Xu Q. Supercritical CO 2 Directional-Assisted Synthesis of Low-Dimensional Materials for Functional Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301097. [PMID: 37093220 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical CO2 (SC CO2 ), as one of the unique fluids that possess fascinating properties of gas and liquid, holds great promise in chemical reactions and fabrication of materials. Building special nanostructures via SC CO2 for functional applications has been the focus of intense research for the past two decades, with facile regulated reaction conditions and a particular reaction field to operate compared to the more widely used solvent systems. In this review, the significance of SC CO2 on fabricating various functional materials including modification of 1D carbon nanotubes, 2D materials, and 2D heterostructures is stated. The fundamental aspects involving building special nanostructures via SC CO2 are explored: how their structure, morphology, and chemical composition be affected by the SC CO2 . Various optimization strategies are outlined to improve their performances, and recent advances are combined to present a coherent understanding of the mechanism of SC CO2 acting on these functional nanostructures. The wide applications of these special nanostructures in catalysis, biosensing, optoelectronics, microelectronics, and energy transformation are discussed. Moreover, the current status of SC CO2 research, the existing scientific issues, and application challenges, as well as the possible future directions to advance this fertile field are proposed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Qun Xu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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9
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Kumar A, Chakraborty D, Nabi Z, Wadibhasme N, Dusane RO, Johari P, Mukhopadhyay A. Computational and experimental investigations on the effect of crystallinity and crystal size on Na-transport in nanoscaled Si: implications for Si-based anodes for Na-ion batteries. J Solid State Electrochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-023-05436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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10
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Yi S, Lee JH. Degenerate Lattice-Instability-Driven Amorphization under Compression in Metal Halide Perovskite CsPbI 3. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9449-9455. [PMID: 36194863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites have been intensively investigated for photovoltaic applications because of their good optoelectronic properties and low cost. Various high-pressure experiments have shown that these materials generally undergo reversible phase transitions between different crystalline phases as well as between crystalline and amorphous phases under external pressure. Herein, using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations, we investigate the origin of the pressure-induced amorphization in CsPbI3. We find that the amorphous-like structures obtained from AIMD calculations become more stable than the orthorhombic Pbnm phase above 6.66 GPa, in good agreement with the experimental value (4.44 GPa). We further find that an imaginary flat band appears in the phonon dispersion of the orthorhombic CsPbI3 phase across the Brillouin zone at 10 GPa, leading to degenerate lattice instabilities. These energetically degenerate phonon modes are related to PbI6 octahedral tilting modes and provide random local distortions, leading to amorphization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seho Yi
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Lee
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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11
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Morrow JD, Deringer VL. Indirect learning and physically guided validation of interatomic potential models. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:104105. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0099929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) based interatomic potentials are emerging tools for material simulations, but require a trade-off between accuracy and speed. Here, we show how one can use one ML potential model to train another: we use an accurate, but more computationally expensive model to generate reference data (locations and labels) for a series of much faster potentials. Without the need for quantum-mechanical reference computations at the secondary stage, extensive reference datasets can be easily generated, and we find that this improves the quality of fast potentials with less flexible functional forms. We apply the technique to disordered silicon, including a simulation of vitrification and polycrystalline grain formation under pressure with a system size of a million atoms. Our work provides conceptual insight into the ML of interatomic potential models and suggests a route toward accelerated simulations of condensed-phase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe D. Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Volker L. Deringer
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
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12
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da Costa NF, Daniels R, Fernandes AI, Pinto JF. Downstream Processing of Amorphous and Co-Amorphous Olanzapine Powder Blends. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081535. [PMID: 35893791 PMCID: PMC9332588 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The work evaluates the stability of amorphous and co-amorphous olanzapine (OLZ) in tablets manufactured by direct compression. The flowability and the compressibility of amorphous and co-amorphous OLZ with saccharin (SAC) and the properties of the tablets obtained were measured and compared to those of tablets made with crystalline OLZ. The flowability of the amorphous and mostly of the co-amorphous OLZ powders decreased in comparison with the crystalline OLZ due to the higher cohesiveness of the former materials. The stability of the amorphous and co-amorphous OLZ prior to and after tableting was monitored by XRPD, FTIR, and NIR spectroscopies. Tablets presented long-lasting amorphous OLZ with enhanced water solubility, but the release rate of the drug decreased in comparison with tablets containing crystalline OLZ. In physical mixtures made of crystalline OLZ and SAC, an extent of amorphization of approximately 20% was accomplished through the application of compaction pressures and dwell times of 155 MPa and 5 min, respectively. The work highlighted the stability of amorphous and co-amorphous OLZ during tableting and the positive effect of compaction pressure on the formation of co-amorphous OLZ, providing an expedited amorphization technique, given that the process development-associated hurdles were overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno F. da Costa
- iMed.ULisboa—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.F.d.C.); (J.F.P.)
| | - Rolf Daniels
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
| | - Ana I. Fernandes
- CiiEM—Interdisciplinary Research Center Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-212946823
| | - João F. Pinto
- iMed.ULisboa—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.F.d.C.); (J.F.P.)
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13
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Zhou Y, Kirkpatrick W, Deringer VL. Cluster Fragments in Amorphous Phosphorus and their Evolution under Pressure. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107515. [PMID: 34734441 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous phosphorus (a-P) has long attracted interest because of its complex atomic structure, and more recently as an anode material for batteries. However, accurately describing and understanding a-P at the atomistic level remains a challenge. Here, it is shown that large-scale molecular-dynamics simulations, enabled by a machine-learning (ML)-based interatomic potential for phosphorus, can give new insights into the atomic structure of a-P and how this structure changes under pressure. The structural model so obtained contains abundant five-membered rings, as well as more complex seven- and eight-atom clusters. Changes in the simulated first sharp diffraction peak during compression and decompression indicate a hysteresis in the recovery of medium-range order. An analysis of cluster fragments, large rings, and voids suggests that moderate pressure (up to about 5 GPa) does not break the connectivity of clusters, but higher pressure does. The work provides a starting point for further computational studies of the structure and properties of a-P, and more generally it exemplifies how ML-driven modeling can accelerate the understanding of disordered functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - William Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Volker L Deringer
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
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14
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Abstract
The fundamental relationships between the structure and properties of liquids are far from being well understood. For instance, the structural origins of many liquid anomalies still remain unclear, but liquid-liquid transitions (LLT) are believed to hold a key. However, experimental demonstrations of LLTs have been rather challenging. Here, we report experimental and theoretical evidence of a second-order-like LLT in molten tin, one which favors a percolating covalent bond network at high temperatures. The observed structural transition originates from the fluctuating metallic/covalent behavior of atomic bonding, and consequently a new paradigm of liquid structure emerges. The liquid structure, described in the form of a folded network, bridges two well-established structural models for disordered systems, i.e., the random packing of hard-spheres and a continuous random network, offering a large structural midground for liquids and glasses. Our findings provide an unparalleled physical picture of the atomic arrangement for a plethora of liquids, shedding light on the thermodynamic and dynamic anomalies of liquids but also entailing far-reaching implications for studying liquid polyamorphism and dynamical transitions in liquids. Unraveling the structural origin of liquid anomalies remains a challenging topic. Xu et al. propose a folded-network structural model for molten tin and provide insights into the observed second-order-like structural transition.
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15
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Zhang K, Xu M, Li N, Xu M, Zhang Q, Greenberg E, Prakapenka VB, Chen YS, Wuttig M, Mao HK, Yang W. Superconducting Phase Induced by a Local Structure Transition in Amorphous Sb_{2}Se_{3} under High Pressure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:127002. [PMID: 34597067 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.127002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Superconductivity and Anderson localization represent two extreme cases of electronic behavior in solids. Surprisingly, these two competing scenarios can occur in the same quantum system, e.g., in an amorphous superconductor. Although the disorder-driven quantum phase transition has attracted much attention, its structural origins remain elusive. Here, we discovered an unambiguous correlation between superconductivity and density in amorphous Sb_{2}Se_{3} at high pressure. Superconductivity first emerges in the high-density amorphous (HDA) phase at about 24 GPa, where the density of glass unexpectedly exceeds its crystalline counterpart, and then shows an enhanced critical temperature when pressure induces crystallization at 51 GPa. Ab initio simulations reveal that the bcc-like local geometry motifs form in the HDA phase, arising from distinct "metavalent bonds." Our results demonstrate that HDA phase is critical for the incipient superconductive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Nana Li
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Xu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Eran Greenberg
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vitali B Prakapenka
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Matthias Wuttig
- Institute of Physics IA, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ho-Kwang Mao
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenge Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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16
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Origins of structural and electronic transitions in disordered silicon. Nature 2021; 589:59-64. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Zhao S, Li Z, Zhu C, Yang W, Zhang Z, Armstrong DEJ, Grant PS, Ritchie RO, Meyers MA. Amorphization in extreme deformation of the CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/5/eabb3108. [PMID: 33514537 PMCID: PMC7846165 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ever-harsher service conditions in the future will call for materials with increasing ability to undergo deformation without sustaining damage while retaining high strength. Prime candidates for these conditions are certain high-entropy alloys (HEAs), which have extraordinary work-hardening ability and toughness. By subjecting the equiatomic CrMnFeCoNi HEA to severe plastic deformation through swaging followed by either quasi-static compression or dynamic deformation in shear, we observe a dense structure comprising stacking faults, twins, transformation from the face-centered cubic to the hexagonal close-packed structure, and, of particular note, amorphization. The coordinated propagation of stacking faults and twins along {111} planes generates high-deformation regions, which can reorganize into hexagonal packets; when the defect density in these regions reaches a critical level, they generate islands of amorphous material. These regions can have outstanding mechanical properties, which provide additional strengthening and/or toughening mechanisms to enhance the capability of these alloys to withstand extreme loading conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiteng Zhao
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zezhou Li
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chaoyi Zhu
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wen Yang
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc A Meyers
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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19
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Fonda E, Polian A, Shinmei T, Irifune T, Itié JP. Mechanism of pressure induced amorphization of SnI4: A combined x-ray diffraction—x-ray absorption spectroscopy study. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:064501. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0012802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Fonda
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin BP48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Alain Polian
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin BP48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie - CNRS UMR 7590, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Toru Shinmei
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, 2–5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Irifune
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, 2–5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8500, Japan
| | - Jean-Paul Itié
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin BP48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
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20
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Su A, Li J, Dong J, Yang D, Chen G, Wei Y. An Amorphous/Crystalline Incorporated Si/SiO x Anode Material Derived from Biomass Corn Leaves for Lithium-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2001714. [PMID: 32419373 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of silicon (Si) anode materials derived from high silica-containing plants enables effective utilization of subsidiary agricultural products. However, the electrochemical performances of synthesized Si materials still require improvement and thus need further structural design and morphology modifications, which inevitably increase preparation time and economic cost. Here, the conversion of corn leaves into Si anode materials is reported via a simple aluminothermic reduction reaction without other modifications. The obtained Si material inherits the structural characteristics of the natural corn leaf template and has many inherent advantages, such as high porosity, amorphous/crystalline mixture structure, and high-valence SiOx residuals, which significantly enhance the material's structural stability and electrode adhesive strength, resulting in superior electrochemical performances. Rate capability tests show that the material delivers a high capacity of 1200 mA h g-1 at 8 A g-1 current density. After 300 cycles at 0.5 A g-1 , the material maintains a high specific capacity of 2100 mA h g-1 , with nearly 100% capacity retention during long-term cycling. This study provides an economical route for the industrial production of Si anode materials for Lithium-Ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyu Su
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin Engineering Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Technology, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Di Yang
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin Engineering Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Technology, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin Engineering Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Technology, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yingjin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin Engineering Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Technology, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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21
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Sukhomlinov SV, Müser MH. A mixed radial, angular, three-body distribution function as a tool for local structure characterization: Application to single-component structures. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:194502. [PMID: 33687244 DOI: 10.1063/5.0007964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A mixed radial, angular three-body distribution function g3(rBC, θABC) is introduced, which allows the local atomic order to be more easily characterized in a single graph than with conventional correlation functions. It can be defined to be proportional to the probability of finding an atom C at a distance rBC from atom B while making an angle θABC with atoms A and B, under the condition that atom A is the nearest neighbor of B. As such, our correlation function contains, for example, the likelihood of angles formed between the nearest and the next-nearest-neighbor bonds. To demonstrate its use and usefulness, a visual library for many one-component crystals is produced first and then employed to characterize the local order in a diverse body of elemental condensed-matter systems. Case studies include the analysis of a grain boundary, several liquids (argon, copper, and antimony), and polyamorphism in crystalline and amorphous silicon including that obtained in a tribological interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Sukhomlinov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martin H Müser
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
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22
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Abstract
Phase has emerged as an important structural parameter - in addition to composition, morphology, architecture, facet, size and dimensionality - that determines the properties and functionalities of nanomaterials. In particular, unconventional phases in nanomaterials that are unattainable in the bulk state can potentially endow nanomaterials with intriguing properties and innovative applications. Great progress has been made in the phase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN), including synthesis of nanomaterials with unconventional phases and phase transformation of nanomaterials. This Review provides an overview on the recent progress in PEN. We discuss various strategies used to synthesize nanomaterials with unconventional phases and induce phase transformation of nanomaterials, by taking noble metals and layered transition metal dichalcogenides as typical examples. Moreover, we also highlight recent advances in the preparation of amorphous nanomaterials, amorphous-crystalline and crystal phase-based hetero-nanostructures. We also provide personal perspectives on challenges and opportunities in this emerging field, including exploration of phase-dependent properties and applications, rational design of phase-based heterostructures and extension of the concept of phase engineering to a wider range of materials.
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23
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Shu Y, Kono Y, Ohira I, Li Q, Hrubiak R, Park C, Kenney-Benson C, Wang Y, Shen G. Observation of 9-Fold Coordinated Amorphous TiO 2 at High Pressure. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:374-379. [PMID: 31867974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the structure in amorphous dioxides is important in many fields of science and engineering. Here we report new experimental results of high-pressure polyamorphism in amorphous TiO2 (a-TiO2). Our data show that the Ti coordination number (CN) increases from 7.2 ± 0.3 at ∼16 GPa to 8.8 ± 0.3 at ∼70 GPa and finally reaches a plateau at 8.9 ± 0.3 at ≲86 GPa. The evolution of the structural changes under pressure is rationalized by the ratio (γ) of the ionic radius of Ti to that of O. It appears that the CN ≈ 9 plateau correlates with the two 9-fold coordinated polymorphs (cotunnite, Fe2P) with different γ values. This CN-γ relationship is compared with those of a-SiO2 and a-GeO2, displaying remarkably consistent behavior between CN and γ. The unified CN-γ relationship may be generally used to predict the compression behavior of amorphous AO2 compounds under extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shu
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team, X-ray Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Yoshio Kono
- Geophysical Laboratory , Carnegie Institution of Washington , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Itaru Ohira
- Geophysical Laboratory , Carnegie Institution of Washington , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Quanjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Rostislav Hrubiak
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team, X-ray Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Changyong Park
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team, X-ray Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Curtis Kenney-Benson
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team, X-ray Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Guoyin Shen
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team, X-ray Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
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24
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Drastic enhancement of crystal nucleation in a molecular liquid by its liquid-liquid transition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:24949-24955. [PMID: 31767771 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909660116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystallization is one of the most familiar and fundamental phase transition phenomena. There is a possibility that crystallization may be enhanced by critical-like fluctuations associated with another nearby phase transition if the order parameter of the former is coupled to that of the latter; however, the mechanism of such order parameter coupling and its generality remain elusive due to the lack of experimental studies. Here we report experimental evidence for a nontrivial coupling between crystallization and liquid-liquid transition (LLT) for a molecular liquid, triphenyl phosphite. We find that the crystal nucleation frequency is drastically enhanced by short-time preannealing near but above the spinodal temperature of LLT. By successfully separating the thermodynamic and kinetic factors governing crystal nucleation, we show that this enhancement is induced by the lowering of the crystal-liquid interfacial energy due to the presence of critical-like order parameter fluctuations. This finding may be regarded as a fingerprint of the presence of LLT below the melting point. Thus, it may allow us not only to control the crystal nucleation frequency by LLT but also to unveil LLT hidden behind crystallization. This enhancement of nucleation frequency by critical-like fluctuations of another ordering phenomenon may be general to a variety of combinations of phase transitions. It would provide a way to control a crystal grain structure, which is a crucial control factor of mechanical and thermal properties of crystalline materials.
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25
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Liu F, Dong Z, Liu L. Comparative study on the pressure-induced phase transformation of anatase TiO 2 hollow and solid microspheres. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:395403. [PMID: 31242467 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab2d17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured anatase TiO2 undergoes pressure-induced phase transformation, and the transformation sequence is significantly different from the bulk counterpart. The size and the morphology are found both playing a critical role in the phase transformation behavior. In this work, we prepare anatase TiO2 microspheres using a hydrothermal method. By controlling the reaction time, hollow and solid spheres of similar diameters are prepared. TEM and XRD analysis reveals that these microspheres are aggregates of anatase nanocrystalline of size between 15-16 nm. The phase transformation behaviour under high temperature is examined in situ using both Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron x-ray diffraction. We find that although both solid and hollow spheres are micron-sized, they undergo phase transformation sequence similar to nanomaterials with size of several tens of nanometers. Hollow spheres exhibit a higher compressibility than the solid spheres. A detailed analysis based on the formation mechanism of the spheres is performed to explain the unique phase transformation behavior of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
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26
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Temperature-induced amorphization in CaCO 3 at high pressure and implications for recycled CaCO 3 in subduction zones. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1963. [PMID: 31036817 PMCID: PMC6488655 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) significantly affects the properties of upper mantle and plays a key role in deep carbon recycling. However, its phase relations above 3 GPa and 1000 K are controversial. Here we report a reversible temperature-induced aragonite-amorphization transition in CaCO3 at 3.9-7.5 GPa and temperature above 1000 K. Amorphous CaCO3 shares a similar structure as liquid CaCO3 but with much larger C-O and Ca-Ca bond lengths, indicating a lower density and a mechanism of lattice collapse for the temperature-induced amorphous phase. The less dense amorphous phase compared with the liquid provides an explanation for the observed CaCO3 melting curve overturn at about 6 GPa. Amorphous CaCO3 is stable at subduction zone conditions and could aid the recycling of carbon to the surface.
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27
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Guan Z, Li Q, Zhang H, Shen P, Zheng L, Chu S, Park C, Hong X, Liu R, Wang P, Liu B, Shen G. Pressure induced transformation and subsequent amorphization of monoclinic Nb 2O 5 and its effect on optical properties. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:105401. [PMID: 30566910 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaf9bd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pressure-induced phase transitions of monoclinic H-Nb2O5 have been studied by in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction, pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, and Raman and optical transmission spectroscopy. The initial monoclinic phase is found to transform into an orthorhombic phase at ~9 GPa and then change to an amorphous form above 21.4 GPa. The PDF data reveal that the amorphization is associated with disruptions of the long-range order of the NbO6 octahedra and the NbO7 pentagonal bipyramids, whereas the local edge-shares of octahedra and the local linkages of pentagonal bipyramids are largely preserved in their nearest neighbors. Upon compression, the transmittance of the sample in a region from visible to near infrared (450-1000 nm) starts to increase above 8.0 GPa and displays a dramatic enhancement above 22.2 GPa, indicating that the amorphous form has a high transmittance. The pressure-induced amorphous form is found to be recoverable under pressure release, and maintain high optical transmittance property at ambient conditions. The recoverable pressure induced amorphous material promises for applications in multifunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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28
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Earthquake lubrication and healing explained by amorphous nanosilica. Nat Commun 2019; 10:320. [PMID: 30659201 PMCID: PMC6338773 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During earthquake propagation, geologic faults lose their strength, then strengthen as slip slows and stops. Many slip-weakening mechanisms are active in the upper-mid crust, but healing is not always well-explained. Here we show that the distinct structure and rate-dependent properties of amorphous nanopowder (not silica gel) formed by grinding of quartz can cause extreme strength loss at high slip rates. We propose a weakening and related strengthening mechanism that may act throughout the quartz-bearing continental crust. The action of two slip rate-dependent mechanisms offers a plausible explanation for the observed weakening: thermally-enhanced plasticity, and particulate flow aided by hydrodynamic lubrication. Rapid cooling of the particles causes rapid strengthening, and inter-particle bonds form at longer timescales. The timescales of these two processes correspond to the timescales of post-seismic healing observed in earthquakes. In natural faults, this nanopowder crystallizes to quartz over 10s–100s years, leaving veins which may be indistinguishable from common quartz veins. Tectonic faults weaken during slip in order to accelerate and produce earthquakes. Here the authors show a mechanism for weakening faults through the transformation of quartz to amorphous nanoparticulate wear powders that lubricate friction experiments, and transform back to quartz under geologic conditions.
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29
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Hwang GC, Blom DA, Vogt T, Lee J, Choi HJ, Shao S, Ma Y, Lee Y. Pressure-driven phase transitions and reduction of dimensionality in 2D silicon nanosheets. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5412. [PMID: 30575737 PMCID: PMC6303324 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In-situ high-pressure synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction studies up to 21 GPa of CVD-grown silicon 2D-nanosheets establish that the structural phase transitions depend on size and shape. For sizes between 9.3(7) nm and 15.2(8) nm we observe an irreversible phase transition sequence from I (cubic) → II (tetragonal) → V (hexagonal) during pressure increase and during decompression below 8 GPa the emergence of an X-ray amorphous phase. High-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of this X-ray amorphous phase reveal the formation of significant numbers of 1D nanowires with aspect ratios > 10, which are twinned and grow along the <111> direction. We discovered a reduction of dimensionality under pressure from a 2D morphology to a 1D wire in a material with a diamond structure. MD simulations indicate the reduction of thermal conductivity in such nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Chan Hwang
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Douglas A Blom
- NanoCenter & Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Thomas Vogt
- NanoCenter & Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Jaejun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Heon-Jin Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sen Shao
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials & Innovation Center for Computational Physics Methods and softwares, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Yanming Ma
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials & Innovation Center for Computational Physics Methods and softwares, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Yongjae Lee
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 201203, Shanghai, China.
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30
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Zarkevich NA, Chen H, Levitas VI, Johnson DD. Lattice Instability during Solid-Solid Structural Transformations under a General Applied Stress Tensor: Example of Si I→Si II with Metallization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:165701. [PMID: 30387636 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.165701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The density functional theory was employed to study the stress-strain behavior and elastic instabilities during the solid-solid phase transformation (PT) when subjected to a general stress tensor, as exemplified for semiconducting Si I and metallic Si II, where metallization precedes the PT, so stressed Si I can be a metal. The hydrostatic PT occurs at 76 GPa, while under uniaxial loading it is 11 GPa (3.7 GPa mean pressure), 21 times lower. The Si I→Si II PT is described by a critical value of the phase-field's modified transformation work, and the PT criterion has only two parameters given six independent stress elements. Our findings reveal novel, more practical synthesis routes for new or known high-pressure phases under predictable nonhydrostatic loading, where competition of instabilities can serve for phase selection rather than free energy minima used for equilibrium processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai A Zarkevich
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Valery I Levitas
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, USA
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Duane D Johnson
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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31
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Wang B, Zhang Z, Chang K, Cui J, Rosenkranz A, Yu J, Lin CT, Chen G, Zang K, Luo J, Jiang N, Guo D. New Deformation-Induced Nanostructure in Silicon. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4611-4617. [PMID: 29911386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures in silicon (Si) induced by phase transformations have been investigated during the past 50 years. Performances of nanostructures are improved compared to that of bulk counterparts. Nevertheless, the confinement and loading conditions are insufficient to machine and fabricate high-performance devices. As a consequence, nanostructures fabricated by nanoscale deformation at loading speeds of m/s have not been demonstrated yet. In this study, grinding or scratching at a speed of 40.2 m/s was performed on a custom-made setup by an especially designed diamond tip (calculated stress under the diamond tip in the order of 5.11 GPa). This leads to a novel approach for the fabrication of nanostructures by nanoscale deformation at loading speeds of m/s. A new deformation-induced nanostructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), consisting of an amorphous phase, a new tetragonal phase, slip bands, twinning superlattices, and a single crystal. The formation mechanism of the new phase was elucidated by ab initio simulations at shear stress of about 2.16 GPa. This approach opens a new route for the fabrication of nanostructures by nanoscale deformation at speeds of m/s. Our findings provide new insights for potential applications in transistors, integrated circuits, diodes, solar cells, and energy storage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-Traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-Traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Keke Chang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Junfeng Cui
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-Traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Andreas Rosenkranz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials , Universidad de Chile , Avenido Tupper 2069 , Santiago Chile
| | - Jinhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Cheng-Te Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Guoxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Ketao Zang
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , China
| | - Jun Luo
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Dongming Guo
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-Traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
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32
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Salke NP, Rao R, Achary SN, Nayak C, Garg AB, Krishna PSR, Shinde AB, Jha SN, Bhattacharyya D, Jagannath, Tyagi AK. High Pressure Phases and Amorphization of a Negative Thermal Expansion Compound TaVO 5. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:6973-6980. [PMID: 29877695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Negative thermal expansion material TaVO5 is recently reported to have pressure induced structural phase transition and irreversible amorphization at 0.2 and above 8 GPa, respectively. Here, we have investigated the high pressure phase of TaVO5 using in situ neutron diffraction studies. The first high pressure phase is identified to be monoclinic P21/ c phase, same as the low temperature phase of TaVO5. On heating, amorphous TaVO5 transformed to a new crystalline phase, which showed signatures of higher coordination of vanadium indicating pressure induced amorphization (PIA). PIA observed in TaVO5 might be due to the kinetic hindrance of pressure induced decomposition (PID) into a compound with higher coordination of vanadium. Mechanism of PIA observed in TaVO5 is investigated by carrying out ex situ Raman, XRD, XPS, and XAS measurements. We have also proposed a pressure-temperature phase diagram of TaVO5 qualitatively delineating the phase boundaries between the ambient orthorhombic, monoclinic, and amorphous phases.
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33
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Adrjanowicz K, Szklarz G, Koperwas K, Paluch M. Comparison of high pressure and nanoscale confinement effects on crystallization of the molecular glass-forming liquid, dimethyl phthalate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:14366-14375. [PMID: 28540942 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01864a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High pressure and nanoscopic confinement are two different strategies commonly employed to modify the physicochemical properties of various materials. Both strategies act mostly by changing the molecular packing. In this work, we performed a comparative study on the effect of compression and confined geometry on crystallization of a molecular liquid. Dielectric spectroscopy was employed to investigate the crystallization of the van der Waals liquid, dimethyl phthalate, in nanoporous alumina of different pore sizes as well as on increased pressure (up to 200 MPa). The analysis of the crystallization kinetics under varying thermodynamic conditions revealed that both strategies affect the crystallization behavior of the sample in very distinct ways. Compression shifts the maximum crystallization rate towards a higher temperature and broadens it. As a result, it is more challenging to avoid crystallization upon cooling the liquid at high pressure. In contrast, when the same material is incorporated into nanopores, crystallization significantly slows down and the maximum rate shifts towards a lower temperature with decreasing pore size. Finally, we show that crystallization in nanoporous alumina is accompanied by pre-crystallization effects upon which a shift of the α-relaxation peak is observed. An equilibration process prior to the initiation of crystallization was detected for the confined material both above and below the glass transition temperature of the interfacial layer, while not in the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Adrjanowicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ulica Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
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34
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Liu Q, Qi R, Song S, Yan Z, Huang Q. Controllable conversion of liquid silicon from high-density to low-density towards amorphous silicon nanospheres on a wafer scale. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12694-12697. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05827j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen pressure plays a key role in keeping silicon in low-density liquid, benefiting the formation of amorphous silicon spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Ruifeng Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Shuang Song
- College of Architecture & Environment
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Zhihui Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Qingsong Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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35
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Wang Z, Li T, Duan Y, Wu W, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Li H. Abnormal separation of the silicon–oxygen bond in the liquid layering transition of silicon dioxide in a nanoslit. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:3724-3734. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06843c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Layering transition and separation of silicon and oxygen in liquid SiO2 become obvious due to the strengthening of the nanoconfined effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education, Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education, Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yunrui Duan
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education, Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - Weikang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education, Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education, Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education, Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education, Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
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36
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Zhao S, Kad B, Wehrenberg CE, Remington BA, Hahn EN, More KL, Meyers MA. Generating gradient germanium nanostructures by shock-induced amorphization and crystallization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:9791-9796. [PMID: 28847926 PMCID: PMC5604032 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708853114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gradient nanostructures are attracting considerable interest due to their potential to obtain superior structural and functional properties of materials. Applying powerful laser-driven shocks (stresses of up to one-third million atmospheres, or 33 gigapascals) to germanium, we report here a complex gradient nanostructure consisting of, near the surface, nanocrystals with high density of nanotwins. Beyond there, the structure exhibits arrays of amorphous bands which are preceded by planar defects such as stacking faults generated by partial dislocations. At a lower shock stress, the surface region of the recovered target is completely amorphous. We propose that germanium undergoes amorphization above a threshold stress and that the deformation-generated heat leads to nanocrystallization. These experiments are corroborated by molecular dynamics simulations which show that supersonic partial dislocation bursts play a role in triggering the crystalline-to-amorphous transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiteng Zhao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Bimal Kad
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | | | | | - Eric N Hahn
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | | | - Marc A Meyers
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Deigo, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Deigo, La Jolla, CA 92093
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37
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Tao H, Bennett TD, Yue Y. Melt-Quenched Hybrid Glasses from Metal-Organic Frameworks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1601705. [PMID: 28084652 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
While glasses formed by quenching the molten states of inorganic non-metallic, organic, and metallic species are known, those containing both inorganic and organic moieties are far less prevalent. Network materials consisting of inorganic nodes linked by organic ligands do however exist in the crystalline or amorphous domain. This large family of open framework compounds, called metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) or coordination polymers, has been investigated intensively in the past two decades for a variety of applications, almost all of which stem from their high internal surface areas and chemical versatility. Recently, a selection of MOFs has been demonstrated to undergo melting and vitrification upon cooling. Here, these recent discoveries and the connections between the fields of MOF chemistry and glass science are summarized. Possible advantages and applications for MOF glasses produced by utilizing the tunable chemistry of the crystalline state are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizheng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
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38
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Misawa M, Ryuo E, Yoshida K, Kalia RK, Nakano A, Nishiyama N, Shimojo F, Vashishta P, Wakai F. Picosecond amorphization of SiO 2 stishovite under tension. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602339. [PMID: 28508056 PMCID: PMC5429036 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is extremely difficult to realize two conflicting properties-high hardness and toughness-in one material. Nano-polycrystalline stishovite, recently synthesized from Earth-abundant silica glass, proved to be a super-hard, ultra-tough material, which could provide sustainable supply of high-performance ceramics. Our quantum molecular dynamics simulations show that stishovite amorphizes rapidly on the order of picosecond under tension in front of a crack tip. We find a displacive amorphization mechanism that only involves short-distance collective motions of atoms, thereby facilitating the rapid transformation. The two-step amorphization pathway involves an intermediate state akin to experimentally suggested "high-density glass polymorphs" before eventually transforming to normal glass. The rapid amorphization can catch up with, screen, and self-heal a fast-moving crack. This new concept of fast amorphization toughening likely operates in other pressure-synthesized hard solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Misawa
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Computer Science, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089–0242, USA
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Emina Ryuo
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yoshida
- Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Rajiv K. Kalia
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Computer Science, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089–0242, USA
| | - Aiichiro Nakano
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Computer Science, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089–0242, USA
| | | | - Fuyuki Shimojo
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Priya Vashishta
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Computer Science, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089–0242, USA
| | - Fumihiro Wakai
- Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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39
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Elastic Anomaly and Polyamorphic Transition in (La, Ce)-based Bulk Metallic Glass under Pressure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:724. [PMID: 28389659 PMCID: PMC5429654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure-induced polyamorphism in Ce-based metallic glass has attracted significant interest in condensed matter physics. In this paper, we discover that in association with the polyamorphism of La32Ce32Al16Ni5Cu15 bulk metallic glass, the acoustic velocities, measured up to 12.3 GPa using ultrasonic interferometry, exhibit velocity minima at 1.8 GPa for P wave and 3.2 GPa for S wave. The low and high density amorphous states are distinguished by their distinct pressure derivatives of the bulk and shear moduli. The elasticity, permanent densification, and polyamorphic transition are interpreted by the topological rearrangement of solute-centered clusters in medium-range order (MRO) mediated by the 4f electron delocalization of Ce under pressure. The precisely measured acoustic wave travel times which were used to derive the velocities and densities provided unprecedented data to document the evolution of the bulk and shear elastic moduli associated with a polyamorphic transition in La32Ce32Al16Ni5Cu15 bulk metallic glass and can shed new light on the mechanisms of polyamorphism and structural evolution in metallic glasses under pressure.
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40
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Li T, Wang Z, Duan Y, Li J, Li H. Molecular dynamics study on the formation of self-organized core/shell structures in the Pb alloy at the nanoscale. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11586e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An abnormal self-organized core/shell structure is formed in the liquid Al–Pb alloy, which can be controlled by confined conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - ZhiChao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - YunRui Duan
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- People's Republic of China
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41
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Shen G, Mao HK. High-pressure studies with x-rays using diamond anvil cells. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:016101. [PMID: 27873767 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/80/1/016101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pressure profoundly alters all states of matter. The symbiotic development of ultrahigh-pressure diamond anvil cells, to compress samples to sustainable multi-megabar pressures; and synchrotron x-ray techniques, to probe materials' properties in situ, has enabled the exploration of rich high-pressure (HP) science. In this article, we first introduce the essential concept of diamond anvil cell technology, together with recent developments and its integration with other extreme environments. We then provide an overview of the latest developments in HP synchrotron techniques, their applications, and current problems, followed by a discussion of HP scientific studies using x-rays in the key multidisciplinary fields. These HP studies include: HP x-ray emission spectroscopy, which provides information on the filled electronic states of HP samples; HP x-ray Raman spectroscopy, which probes the HP chemical bonding changes of light elements; HP electronic inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy, which accesses high energy electronic phenomena, including electronic band structure, Fermi surface, excitons, plasmons, and their dispersions; HP resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy, which probes shallow core excitations, multiplet structures, and spin-resolved electronic structure; HP nuclear resonant x-ray spectroscopy, which provides phonon densities of state and time-resolved Mössbauer information; HP x-ray imaging, which provides information on hierarchical structures, dynamic processes, and internal strains; HP x-ray diffraction, which determines the fundamental structures and densities of single-crystal, polycrystalline, nanocrystalline, and non-crystalline materials; and HP radial x-ray diffraction, which yields deviatoric, elastic and rheological information. Integrating these tools with hydrostatic or uniaxial pressure media, laser and resistive heating, and cryogenic cooling, has enabled investigations of the structural, vibrational, electronic, and magnetic properties of materials over a wide range of pressure-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyin Shen
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC, USA
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42
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Wilson M. Structure and dynamics in network-forming materials. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:503001. [PMID: 27779129 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/50/503001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The study of the structure and dynamics of network-forming materials is reviewed. Experimental techniques used to extract key structural information are briefly considered. Strategies for building simulation models, based on both targeting key (experimentally-accessible) materials and on systematically controlling key model parameters, are discussed. As an example of the first class of materials, a key target system, SiO2, is used to highlight how the changing structure with applied pressure can be effectively modelled (in three dimensions) and used to link to both experimental results and simple structural models. As an example of the second class the topology of networks of tetrahedra in the MX2 stoichiometry are controlled using a single model parameter linked to the M-X-M bond angles. The evolution of ordering on multiple length-scales is observed as are the links between the static structure and key dynamical properties. The isomorphous relationship between the structures of amorphous Si and SiO2 is discussed as are the similarities and differences in the phase diagrams, the latter linked to potential polyamorphic and 'anomalous' (e.g. density maxima) behaviour. Links to both two-dimensional structures for C, Si and Ge and near-two-dimensional bilayers of SiO2 are discussed. Emerging low-dimensional structures in low temperature molten carbonates are also uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
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43
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He Y, Zhong L, Fan F, Wang C, Zhu T, Mao SX. In situ observation of shear-driven amorphization in silicon crystals. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 11:866-871. [PMID: 27643458 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous materials are used for both structural and functional applications. An amorphous solid usually forms under driven conditions such as melt quenching, irradiation, shock loading or severe mechanical deformation. Such extreme conditions impose significant challenges on the direct observation of the amorphization process. Various experimental techniques have been used to detect how the amorphous phases form, including synchrotron X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy, but a dynamic, atomistic characterization has remained elusive. Here, by using in situ high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), we show the dynamic amorphization process in silicon nanocrystals during mechanical straining on the atomic scale. We find that shear-driven amorphization occurs in a dominant shear band starting with the diamond-cubic (dc) to diamond-hexagonal (dh) phase transition and then proceeds by dislocation nucleation and accumulation in the newly formed dh-Si phase. This process leads to the formation of an amorphous Si (a-Si) band, embedded with dh-Si nanodomains. The amorphization of dc-Si via an intermediate dh-Si phase is a previously unknown pathway of solid-state amorphization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Li Zhong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Feifei Fan
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Ting Zhu
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Scott X Mao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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44
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Hattori Y, Otsuka M. Analysis of the stabilization process of indomethacin crystals via π–π and CH–π interactions measured by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Krivchikov AI, Andersson O. Thermal Conductivity of Triphenyl Phosphite’s Liquid, Glassy, and Glacial States. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:2845-53. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I. Krivchikov
- B. Verkin Institute
for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering of NAS Ukraine, 47 Lenin Avenue, Kharkov 61103, Ukraine
| | - Ove Andersson
- Department
of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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46
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Wu W, Zhang L, Liu S, Ren H, Zhou X, Li H. Liquid–Liquid Phase Transition in Nanoconfined Silicon Carbide. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:2815-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Wu
- Key
Laboratory for Liquid−Solid Structural Evolution and Processing
of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leining Zhang
- Key
Laboratory for Liquid−Solid Structural Evolution and Processing
of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sida Liu
- Key
Laboratory for Liquid−Solid Structural Evolution and Processing
of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongru Ren
- Key
Laboratory for Liquid−Solid Structural Evolution and Processing
of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuyan Zhou
- Key
Laboratory for Liquid−Solid Structural Evolution and Processing
of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Key
Laboratory for Liquid−Solid Structural Evolution and Processing
of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People’s Republic of China
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47
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Gerbig YB, Michaels CA, Bradby JE, Haberl B, Cook RF. In situ spectroscopic study of the plastic deformation of amorphous silicon under non-hydrostatic conditions induced by indentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 92. [PMID: 26924926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.92.214110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Indentation-induced plastic deformation of amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin films was studied by in situ Raman imaging of the deformed contact region of an indented sample, employing a Raman spectroscopy-enhanced instrumented indentation technique. Quantitative analyses of the generated in situ Raman maps provide unique, new insight into the phase behavior of as-implanted a-Si. In particular, the occurrence and evolving spatial distribution of changes in the a-Si structure caused by processes, such as polyamorphization and crystallization, induced by indentation loading were measured. The experimental results are linked with previously published work on the plastic deformation of a-Si under hydrostatic compression and shear deformation to establish a sequence for the development of deformation of a-Si under indentation loading. The sequence involves three distinct deformation mechanisms of a-Si: (1) reversible deformation, (2) increase in coordination defects (onset of plastic deformation), and (3) phase transformation. Estimated conditions for the occurrence of these mechanisms are given with respect to relevant intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, such as indentation stress, volumetric strain, and bond angle distribution (a measure for the structural order of the amorphous network). The induced volumetric strains are accommodated solely by reversible deformation of the tetrahedral network when exposed to small indentation stresses. At greater indentation stresses, the increased volumetric strains in the tetrahedral network lead to the formation of predominately five-fold coordination defects, which seems to mark the onset of irreversible or plastic deformation of the a-Si thin film. Further increase in the indentation stress appears to initiate the formation of six-fold coordinated atomic arrangements. These six-fold coordinated arrangements may maintain their amorphous tetrahedral structure with a high density of coordination defects or nucleate as a new crystalline β-tin phase within the a-Si network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Gerbig
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742
| | - C A Michaels
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899
| | - J E Bradby
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
| | - B Haberl
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - R F Cook
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899
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48
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Shen B, Wang ZY, Dong F, Guo YR, Zhang RJ, Zheng YX, Wang SY, Wang CZ, Ho KM, Chen LY. Dynamics and Diffusion Mechanism of Low-Density Liquid Silicon. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:14945-51. [PMID: 26540341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b09138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A first-order phase transition from a high-density liquid to a low-density liquid has been proposed to explain the various thermodynamic anomies of water. It also has been proposed that such liquid-liquid phase transition would exist in supercooled silicon. Computer simulation studies show that, across the transition, the diffusivity drops roughly 2 orders of magnitude, and the structures exhibit considerable tetrahedral ordering. The resulting phase is a highly viscous, low-density liquid silicon. Investigations on the atomic diffusion of such a novel form of liquid silicon are of high interest. Here we report such diffusion results from molecular dynamics simulations using the classical Stillinger-Weber (SW) potential of silicon. We show that the atomic diffusion of the low-density liquid is highly correlated with local tetrahedral geometries. We also show that atoms diffuse through hopping processes within short ranges, which gradually accumulate to an overall random motion for long ranges as in normal liquids. There is a close relationship between dynamical heterogeneity and hopping process. We point out that the above diffusion mechanism is closely related to the strong directional bonding nature of the distorted tetrahedral network. Our work offers new insights into the complex behavior of the highly viscous low density liquid silicon, suggesting similar diffusion behaviors in other tetrahedral coordinated liquids that exhibit liquid-liquid phase transition such as carbon and germanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shen
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MoE) and Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai, 200433, China.,Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Z Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MoE) and Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - F Dong
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MoE) and Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Y R Guo
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MoE) and Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - R J Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MoE) and Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Y X Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MoE) and Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - S Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MoE) and Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai, 200433, China.,Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE) , Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - C Z Wang
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - K M Ho
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - L Y Chen
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MoE) and Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai, 200433, China
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Corsini NRC, Zhang Y, Little WR, Karatutlu A, Ersoy O, Haynes PD, Molteni C, Hine NDM, Hernandez I, Gonzalez J, Rodriguez F, Brazhkin VV, Sapelkin A. Pressure-Induced Amorphization and a New High Density Amorphous Metallic Phase in Matrix-Free Ge Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:7334-7340. [PMID: 26457875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, it has been demonstrated that size effects have significant consequences for the atomic arrangements and phase behavior of matter under extreme pressure. Furthermore, it has been shown that an understanding of how size affects critical pressure-temperature conditions provides vital guidance in the search for materials with novel properties. Here, we report on the remarkable behavior of small (under ~5 nm) matrix-free Ge nanoparticles under hydrostatic compression that is drastically different from both larger nanoparticles and bulk Ge. We discover that the application of pressure drives surface-induced amorphization leading to Ge-Ge bond overcompression and eventually to a polyamorphic semiconductor-to-metal transformation. A combination of spectroscopic techniques together with ab initio simulations were employed to reveal the details of the transformation mechanism into a new high density phase-amorphous metallic Ge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolo R C Corsini
- Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yuanpeng Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - William R Little
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Karatutlu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yildirim Campus, Bursa Orhangazi University , 16245 Yildirim, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Osman Ersoy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Haynes
- Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Molteni
- Department of Physics, King's College London , Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D M Hine
- TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio Hernandez
- Malta Consolider Team, Departmento CITIMAC, Universidad de Cantabria , Avenida Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Jesus Gonzalez
- Malta Consolider Team, Departmento CITIMAC, Universidad de Cantabria , Avenida Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodriguez
- Malta Consolider Team, Departmento CITIMAC, Universidad de Cantabria , Avenida Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Vadim V Brazhkin
- High Pressure Physics Institute, RAS , 142190 Troitsk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Andrei Sapelkin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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50
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Hybrid glasses from strong and fragile metal-organic framework liquids. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8079. [PMID: 26314784 PMCID: PMC4560802 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid glasses connect the emerging field of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with the glass formation, amorphization and melting processes of these chemically versatile systems. Though inorganic zeolites collapse around the glass transition and melt at higher temperatures, the relationship between amorphization and melting has so far not been investigated. Here we show how heating MOFs of zeolitic topology first results in a low density 'perfect' glass, similar to those formed in ice, silicon and disaccharides. This order-order transition leads to a super-strong liquid of low fragility that dynamically controls collapse, before a subsequent order-disorder transition, which creates a more fragile high-density liquid. After crystallization to a dense phase, which can be remelted, subsequent quenching results in a bulk glass, virtually identical to the high-density phase. We provide evidence that the wide-ranging melting temperatures of zeolitic MOFs are related to their network topologies and opens up the possibility of 'melt-casting' MOF glasses.
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