1
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Johnson MTJ, Arif I, Marchetti F, Munshi-South J, Ness RW, Szulkin M, Verrelli BC, Yauk CL, Anstett DN, Booth W, Caizergues AE, Carlen EJ, Dant A, González J, Lagos CG, Oman M, Phifer-Rixey M, Rennison DJ, Rosenberg MS, Winchell KM. Effects of urban-induced mutations on ecology, evolution and health. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:1074-1086. [PMID: 38641700 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that urbanization is associated with higher mutation rates, which can affect the health and evolution of organisms that inhabit cities. Elevated pollution levels in urban areas can induce DNA damage, leading to de novo mutations. Studies on mutations induced by urban pollution are most prevalent in humans and microorganisms, whereas studies of non-human eukaryotes are rare, even though increased mutation rates have the potential to affect organisms and their populations in contemporary time. Our Perspective explores how higher mutation rates in urban environments could impact the fitness, ecology and evolution of populations. Most mutations will be neutral or deleterious, and higher mutation rates associated with elevated pollution in urban populations can increase the risk of cancer in humans and potentially other species. We highlight the potential for urban-driven increased deleterious mutational loads in some organisms, which could lead to a decline in population growth of a wide diversity of organisms. Although beneficial mutations are expected to be rare, we argue that higher mutation rates in urban areas could influence adaptive evolution, especially in organisms with short generation times. Finally, we explore avenues for future research to better understand the effects of urban-induced mutations on the fitness, ecology and evolution of city-dwelling organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc T J Johnson
- Centre for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Irtaqa Arif
- Centre for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Munshi-South
- Department of Biology and Louis Calder Center, Fordham University, Armonk, NY, USA
| | - Rob W Ness
- Centre for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marta Szulkin
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Brian C Verrelli
- Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel N Anstett
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Entomology, Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Warren Booth
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Aude E Caizergues
- Centre for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J Carlen
- Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anthony Dant
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Josefa González
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC, UPF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - César González Lagos
- Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile
| | - Madeleine Oman
- Centre for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Diana J Rennison
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Rosenberg
- Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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2
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Car C, Quevarec L, Gilles A, Réale D, Bonzom JM. Evolutionary approach for pollution study: The case of ionizing radiation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123692. [PMID: 38462194 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Estimating the consequences of environmental changes, specifically in a global change context, is essential for conservation issues. In the case of pollutants, the interest in using an evolutionary approach to investigate their consequences has been emphasized since the 2000s, but these studies remain rare compared to the characterization of direct effects on individual features. We focused on the study case of anthropogenic ionizing radiation because, despite its potential strong impact on evolution, the scarcity of evolutionary approaches to study the biological consequences of this stressor is particularly true. In this study, by investigating some particular features of the biological effects of this stressor, and by reviewing existing studies on evolution under ionizing radiation, we suggest that evolutionary approach may help provide an integrative view on the biological consequences of ionizing radiation. We focused on three topics: (i) the mutagenic properties of ionizing radiation and its disruption of evolutionary processes, (ii) exposures at different time scales, leading to an interaction between past and contemporary evolution, and (iii) the special features of contaminated areas called exclusion zones and how evolution could match field and laboratory observed effects. This approach can contribute to answering several key issues in radioecology: to explain species differences in the sensitivity to ionizing radiation, to improve our estimation of the impacts of ionizing radiation on populations, and to help identify the environmental features impacting organisms (e.g., interaction with other pollution, migration of populations, anthropogenic environmental changes). Evolutionary approach would benefit from being integrated to the ecological risk assessment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Car
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur Les Effets des Radionucléides sur L'écosystème (LECO), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Saint-Paul Lèz Durance, France
| | - Loïc Quevarec
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur Les Effets des Radionucléides sur L'écosystème (LECO), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Saint-Paul Lèz Durance, France.
| | - André Gilles
- UMR Risques, ECOsystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), Marseille, France
| | - Denis Réale
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université Du Québec à Montréal, (UQAM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Bonzom
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur Les Effets des Radionucléides sur L'écosystème (LECO), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Saint-Paul Lèz Durance, France
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3
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No evidence of increased mutations in the germline of a group of British nuclear test veterans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10830. [PMID: 35790751 PMCID: PMC9256629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential germline effects of radiation exposure to military veterans present at British nuclear tests in Australia and the South Pacific is of considerable interest. We analyzed germline mutations in 60 families of UK military personnel comprising 30 control and 30 nuclear test veterans (NTV). Using whole-genome sequencing we studied the frequency and spectra of de novo mutations to investigate the transgenerational effect of veterans' (potential) exposure to radiation at nuclear bomb test sites. We find no elevation in total de novo single nucleotide variants, small insertion-deletions, structural variants or clustered mutations among the offspring of nuclear test veterans compared to those of control personnel. We did observe an elevated occurrence of single base substitution mutations within mutation signature SBS16, due to a subset of NTV offspring. The relevance of this elevation to potential exposure of veteran fathers and, future health risks, require further investigation. Overall, we find no evidence of increased mutations in the germline of a group of British nuclear test veterans. ISRCTN Registry 17461668.
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4
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Large microsatellite shifts in wild boar after the Fukushima accident. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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5
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Goodman J, Brand J, Laptev G, Auld SKJR. Radiation‐mediated supply of genetic variation outweighs the effects of selection and drift in Chernobyl
Daphnia
populations. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:413-422. [PMID: 35048452 PMCID: PMC9303301 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Goodman
- Biological & Environmental Sciences University of Stirling Stirling United Kingdom
| | - June Brand
- Biological & Environmental Sciences University of Stirling Stirling United Kingdom
| | | | - Stuart K. J. R. Auld
- Biological & Environmental Sciences University of Stirling Stirling United Kingdom
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6
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Increased Frequency of Copy Number Variations Revealed by Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization in the Offspring of Male Mice Exposed to Low Dose-Rate Ionizing Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212437. [PMID: 34830319 PMCID: PMC8621608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is very little information on the transgenerational or genetic effects of low dose-rate ionizing radiation. We report the detection of the transgenerational effects of chronic low dose-rate irradiation in mice, at the molecular level in the whole genome, using array comparative genomic hybridization technology. We observed that the number of the mice with de novo copy number variations (specifically, deletions) was significantly increased in the offspring of C57BL/6J male mice exposed to 20 mGy/day gamma-rays for 400 days (total dose: 8000 mGy), as compared to non-irradiated controls. We did not detect any difference in the size of the de novo deletions between the irradiated and the non-irradiated groups. An analysis of the life span of the offspring suggested a possibility that de novo copy-number variations may be associated with shorter life spans.
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7
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Abstract
Environmental disasters offer the unique opportunity for landscape-scale ecological and evolutionary studies that are not possible in the laboratory or small experimental plots. The nuclear accident at Chernobyl (1986) allows for rigorous analyses of radiation effects on individuals and populations at an ecosystem scale. Here, the current state of knowledge related to populations within the Chernobyl region of Ukraine and Belarus following the largest civil nuclear accident in history is reviewed. There is now a significant literature that provides contrasting and occasionally conflicting views of the state of animals and how they are affected by this mutagenic stressor. Studies of genetic and physiological effects have largely suggested significant injuries to individuals inhabiting the more radioactive areas of the Chernobyl region. Most population censuses for most species suggest that abundances are reduced in the more radioactive areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Mousseau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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8
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Cornforth MN, Bedford JS, Bailey SM. Destabilizing Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Chromosomes: Sizing up the Damage. Cytogenet Genome Res 2021; 161:328-351. [PMID: 34488218 DOI: 10.1159/000516523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For long-term survival and evolution, all organisms have depended on a delicate balance between processes involved in maintaining stability of their genomes and opposing processes that lead toward destabilization. At the level of mammalian somatic cells in renewal tissues, events or conditions that can tip this balance toward instability have attracted special interest in connection with carcinogenesis. Mutations affecting DNA (and its subsequent repair) would, of course, be a major consideration here. These may occur spontaneously through endogenous cellular processes or as a result of exposure to mutagenic environmental agents. It is in this context that we discuss the rather unique destabilizing effects of ionizing radiation (IR) in terms of its ability to cause large-scale structural rearrangements to the genome. We present arguments supporting the conclusion that these and other important effects of IR originate largely from microscopically visible chromosome aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Cornforth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Joel S Bedford
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Susan M Bailey
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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9
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Yeager M, Machiela MJ, Kothiyal P, Dean M, Bodelon C, Suman S, Wang M, Mirabello L, Nelson CW, Zhou W, Palmer C, Ballew B, Colli LM, Freedman ND, Dagnall C, Hutchinson A, Vij V, Maruvka Y, Hatch M, Illienko I, Belayev Y, Nakamura N, Chumak V, Bakhanova E, Belyi D, Kryuchkov V, Golovanov I, Gudzenko N, Cahoon EK, Albert P, Drozdovitch V, Little MP, Mabuchi K, Stewart C, Getz G, Bazyka D, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Chanock SJ. Lack of transgenerational effects of ionizing radiation exposure from the Chernobyl accident. Science 2021; 372:725-729. [PMID: 33888597 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg2365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Effects of radiation exposure from the Chernobyl nuclear accident remain a topic of interest. We investigated germline de novo mutations (DNMs) in children born to parents employed as cleanup workers or exposed to occupational and environmental ionizing radiation after the accident. Whole-genome sequencing of 130 children (born 1987-2002) and their parents did not reveal an increase in the rates, distributions, or types of DNMs relative to the results of previous studies. We find no elevation in total DNMs, regardless of cumulative preconception gonadal paternal [mean = 365 milligrays (mGy), range = 0 to 4080 mGy] or maternal (mean = 19 mGy, range = 0 to 550 mGy) exposure to ionizing radiation. Thus, we conclude that, over this exposure range, evidence is lacking for a substantial effect on germline DNMs in humans, suggesting minimal impact from transgenerational genetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA. .,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Prachi Kothiyal
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.,SymbioSeq LLC, Arlington, VA 20148, USA
| | - Michael Dean
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Clara Bodelon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shalabh Suman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chase W Nelson
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Weiyin Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Cameron Palmer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Bari Ballew
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Leandro M Colli
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Oncology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Casey Dagnall
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Vibha Vij
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yosi Maruvka
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Maureen Hatch
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Iryna Illienko
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, 53 Yu. Illienka Street, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - Yuri Belayev
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, 53 Yu. Illienka Street, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - Nori Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 732-0815, Japan
| | - Vadim Chumak
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, 53 Yu. Illienka Street, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - Elena Bakhanova
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, 53 Yu. Illienka Street, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - David Belyi
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, 53 Yu. Illienka Street, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - Victor Kryuchkov
- Burnasyan Federal Medical and Biophysical Centre, 46 Zhivopisnaya Street, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Ivan Golovanov
- Burnasyan Federal Medical and Biophysical Centre, 46 Zhivopisnaya Street, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Natalia Gudzenko
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, 53 Yu. Illienka Street, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - Elizabeth K Cahoon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul Albert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vladimir Drozdovitch
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark P Little
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kiyohiko Mabuchi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chip Stewart
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dimitry Bazyka
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, 53 Yu. Illienka Street, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | | | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
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10
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Folkers C. Disproportionate Impacts of Radiation Exposure on Women, Children, and Pregnancy: Taking Back our Narrative. JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF BIOLOGY 2021; 54:31-66. [PMID: 33788123 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-021-09630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Narratives surrounding ionizing radiation have often minimized radioactivity's impact on the health of human and non-human animals and the natural environment. Many Cold War research policies, practices, and interpretations drove nuclear technology forward by institutionally obscuring empirical evidence of radiation's disproportionate and low-dose harm-a legacy we still confront. Women, children, and pregnancy development are particularly sensitive to exposure from radioactivity, suffering more damage per dose than adult males, even down to small doses, making low doses a cornerstone of concern. Evidence of compounding generational damage could indicate increased sensitivity through heritable impact. This essay examines the existing empirical evidence demonstrating these sensitivities, and how research institutions and regulatory authorities have devalued them, willingly sacrificing health in the service of maintaining and expanding nuclear technology (Nadesan 2019). Radiation's disproportionate impacts should now be the research and policy focus, as society is poised to make crucial and long-lasting decisions regarding climate change mitigation and future energy sources (Brown 2019b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Folkers
- Beyond Nuclear, 7304 Carroll Ave #182, Takoma Park, MD, 20912, USA.
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11
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Bazyka D, Hatch M, Gudzenko N, Cahoon EK, Drozdovitch V, Little MP, Chumak V, Bakhanova E, Belyi D, Kryuchkov V, Golovanov I, Mabuchi K, Illienko I, Belayev Y, Bodelon C, Machiela MJ, Hutchinson A, Yeager M, Berrington de González A, Chanock SJ. Field Study of the Possible Effect of Parental Irradiation on the Germline of Children Born to Cleanup Workers and Evacuees of the Chornobyl Nuclear Accident. Am J Epidemiol 2020; 189:1451-1460. [PMID: 32613232 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although transgenerational effects of exposure to ionizing radiation have long been a concern, human research to date has been confined to studies of disease phenotypes in groups exposed to high doses and high dose rates, such as the Japanese atomic bomb survivors. Transgenerational effects of parental irradiation can be addressed using powerful new genomic technologies. In collaboration with the Ukrainian National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, the US National Cancer Institute, in 2014-2018, initiated a genomic alterations study among children born in selected regions of Ukraine to cleanup workers and/or evacuees exposed to low-dose-rate radiation after the 1986 Chornobyl (Chernobyl) nuclear accident. To investigate whether parental radiation exposure is associated with germline mutations and genomic alterations in the offspring, we are collecting biospecimens from father-mother-offspring constellations to study de novo mutations, minisatellite mutations, copy-number changes, structural variants, genomic insertions and deletions, methylation profiles, and telomere length. Genomic alterations are being examined in relation to parental gonadal dose, reconstructed using questionnaire and measurement data. Subjects are being recruited in exposure categories that will allow examination of parental origin, duration, and timing of exposure in relation to conception. Here we describe the study methodology and recruitment results and provide descriptive information on the first 150 families (mother-father-child(ren)) enrolled.
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12
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Saclier N, Chardon P, Malard F, Konecny-Dupré L, Eme D, Bellec A, Breton V, Duret L, Lefebure T, Douady CJ. Bedrock radioactivity influences the rate and spectrum of mutation. eLife 2020; 9:56830. [PMID: 33252037 PMCID: PMC7723406 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
All organisms on Earth are exposed to low doses of natural radioactivity but some habitats are more radioactive than others. Yet, documenting the influence of natural radioactivity on the evolution of biodiversity is challenging. Here, we addressed whether organisms living in naturally more radioactive habitats accumulate more mutations across generations using 14 species of waterlice living in subterranean habitats with contrasted levels of radioactivity. We found that the mitochondrial and nuclear mutation rates across a waterlouse species’ genome increased on average by 60% and 30%, respectively, when radioactivity increased by a factor of three. We also found a positive correlation between the level of radioactivity and the probability of G to T (and complementary C to A) mutations, a hallmark of oxidative stress. We conclude that even low doses of natural bedrock radioactivity influence the mutation rate possibly through the accumulation of oxidative damage, in particular in the mitochondrial genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanaëlle Saclier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5023, ENTPE, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Patrick Chardon
- LPC, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3 UMR6533, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florian Malard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5023, ENTPE, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lara Konecny-Dupré
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5023, ENTPE, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Villeurbanne, France
| | - David Eme
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5023, ENTPE, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Arnaud Bellec
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5023, ENTPE, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Villeurbanne, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3, CNRS UMR 5600 Environnement Ville Société, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Breton
- LPC, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3 UMR6533, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Duret
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Tristan Lefebure
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5023, ENTPE, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe J Douady
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5023, ENTPE, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Villeurbanne, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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13
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Satoh Y, Asakawa JI, Nishimura M, Kuo T, Shinkai N, Cullings HM, Minakuchi Y, Sese J, Toyoda A, Shimada Y, Nakamura N, Uchimura A. Characteristics of induced mutations in offspring derived from irradiated mouse spermatogonia and mature oocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:37. [PMID: 31913321 PMCID: PMC6949229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56881-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The exposure of germ cells to radiation introduces mutations in the genomes of offspring, and a previous whole-genome sequencing study indicated that the irradiation of mouse sperm induces insertions/deletions (indels) and multisite mutations (clustered single nucleotide variants and indels). However, the current knowledge on the mutation spectra is limited, and the effects of radiation exposure on germ cells at stages other than the sperm stage remain unknown. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing experiments to investigate the exposure of spermatogonia and mature oocytes. We compared de novo mutations in a total of 24 F1 mice conceived before and after the irradiation of their parents. The results indicated that radiation exposure, 4 Gy of gamma rays, induced 9.6 indels and 2.5 multisite mutations in spermatogonia and 4.7 indels and 3.1 multisite mutations in mature oocytes in the autosomal regions of each F1 individual. Notably, we found two types of deletions, namely, small deletions (mainly 1~12 nucleotides) in non-repeat sequences, many of which showed microhomology at the breakpoint junction, and single-nucleotide deletions in mononucleotide repeat sequences. The results suggest that these deletions and multisite mutations could be a typical signature of mutations induced by parental irradiation in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Satoh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 732-0815, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichi Asakawa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 732-0815, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tony Kuo
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, AIST, 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan.,Real World Big-Data Computation Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST-Tokyo Tech, 2-12-1 Okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Norio Shinkai
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, AIST, 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | - Harry M Cullings
- Department of Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 732-0815, Japan
| | - Yohei Minakuchi
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Jun Sese
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, AIST, 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan.,Real World Big-Data Computation Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST-Tokyo Tech, 2-12-1 Okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.,Humanome Lab, Inc., L-HUB 3F, 1-4, Shumomiyabi-cho, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-0822, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Shimada
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan.,Executive Director, QST, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Nori Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 732-0815, Japan
| | - Arikuni Uchimura
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 732-0815, Japan.
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14
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Marchetti F, Douglas GR, Yauk CL. A Return to the Origin of the EMGS: Rejuvenating the Quest for Human Germ Cell Mutagens and Determining the Risk to Future Generations. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:42-54. [PMID: 31472026 DOI: 10.1002/em.22327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fifty years ago, the Environmental Mutagen Society (now Environmental Mutagenesis and Genomics Society) was founded with a laser-focus on germ cell mutagenesis and the protection of "our most vital assets"-the sperm and egg genomes. Yet, five decades on, despite the fact that many agents have been demonstrated to induce inherited changes in the offspring of exposed laboratory rodents, there is no consensus on whether human germ cell mutagens exist. We argue that it is time to reevaluate the available data and conclude that we already have evidence for the existence of environmental exposures that impact human germ cells. What is missing are definite data to demonstrate a significant increase in de novo mutations in the offspring of exposed parents. We believe that with over two decades of research advancing knowledge and technologies in genomics, we are at the cusp of generating data to conclusively show that environmental exposures cause heritable de novo changes in the human offspring. We call on the research community to harness our technologies, synergize our efforts, and return to our Founders' original focus. The next 50 years must involve collaborative work between clinicians, epidemiologists, genetic toxicologists, genomics experts and bioinformaticians to precisely define how environmental exposures impact germ cell genomes. It is time for the research and regulatory communities to prepare to interpret the coming outpouring of data and develop a framework for managing, communicating and mitigating the risk of exposure to human germ cell mutagens. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 61:42-54, 2020. © 2019 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - George R Douglas
- Environmental Health Science Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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15
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A long-term investigation of environmental radioactivity and public health around a nuclear power plant. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Dubrova Y. Mutation Induction in Humans and Mice: Where Are We Now? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111708. [PMID: 31683966 PMCID: PMC6895811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of mutation induction in human families exposed to mutagens provides the only source of reliable estimates of factors contributing to the genetic risk of human exposure to mutagens. In this paper, I briefly summarize the results of recent studies on the pattern of mutation induction in the human and mouse germline. The results of recent studies on the genome-wide effects of exposure to mutagens on mutation induction in the mammalian germline are presented and discussed. Lastly, this review also addresses the issue of transgenerational effects of parental exposure to mutagens on mutation rates in their non-exposed offspring, which are known as transgenerational instability. The possible contribution of transgenerational instability to the genetic risk of human exposure to mutagens is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Dubrova
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
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17
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Millette KL, Fugère V, Debyser C, Greiner A, Chain FJJ, Gonzalez A. No consistent effects of humans on animal genetic diversity worldwide. Ecol Lett 2019; 23:55-67. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Millette
- Department of Biology McGill University Montreal QC Canada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science Montreal QC Canada
| | - Vincent Fugère
- Department of Biology McGill University Montreal QC Canada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science Montreal QC Canada
- Département des Sciences Biologiques Université du Québec à Montréal Montreal QC Canada
| | - Chloé Debyser
- Department of Biology McGill University Montreal QC Canada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science Montreal QC Canada
| | - Ariel Greiner
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Frédéric J. J. Chain
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Massachusetts at Lowell Lowell MA USA
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Department of Biology McGill University Montreal QC Canada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science Montreal QC Canada
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18
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Fuller N, Ford AT, Lerebours A, Gudkov DI, Nagorskaya LL, Smith JT. Chronic radiation exposure at Chernobyl shows no effect on genetic diversity in the freshwater crustacean, Asellus aquaticus thirty years on. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10135-10144. [PMID: 31624541 PMCID: PMC6787803 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of genetic diversity represents a fundamental component of ecological risk assessments in contaminated environments. Many studies have assessed the genetic implications of chronic radiation exposure at Chernobyl, generally recording an elevated genetic diversity and mutation rate in rodents, plants, and birds inhabiting contaminated areas. Only limited studies have considered genetic diversity in aquatic biota at Chernobyl, despite the large number of freshwater systems where elevated dose rates will persist for many years. Consequently, the present study aimed to assess the effects of chronic radiation exposure on genetic diversity in the freshwater crustacean, Asellus aquaticus, using a genome-wide SNP approach (Genotyping-by-sequencing). It was hypothesized that genetic diversity in A. aquaticus would be positively correlated with dose rate. A. aquaticus was collected from six lakes in Belarus and the Ukraine ranging in dose rate from 0.064 to 27.1 µGy/hr. Genotyping-by-sequencing analysis was performed on 74 individuals. A significant relationship between geographical distance and genetic differentiation confirmed the Isolation-by-Distance model. Conversely, no significant relationship between dose rate and genetic differentiation suggested no effect of the contamination gradient on genetic differentiation between populations. No significant relationship between five measures of genetic diversity and dose rate was recorded, suggesting that radiation exposure has not significantly influenced genetic diversity in A. aquaticus at Chernobyl. This is the first study to adopt a genome-wide SNP approach to assess the impacts of environmental radiation exposure on biota. These findings are fundamental to understanding the long-term success of aquatic populations in contaminated environments at Chernobyl and Fukushima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Fuller
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
| | - Alex T. Ford
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
| | - Adélaïde Lerebours
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
| | - Dmitri I. Gudkov
- Department of Freshwater RadioecologyInstitute of HydrobiologyKievUkraine
| | - Liubov L. Nagorskaya
- Applied Science Center for Bioresources of the National Academy of Sciences of BelarusMinskBelarus
| | - Jim T. Smith
- School of Earth & Environmental SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
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19
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Relevance of Non-Targeted Effects for Radiotherapy and Diagnostic Radiology; A Historical and Conceptual Analysis of Key Players. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091236. [PMID: 31450803 PMCID: PMC6770832 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-targeted effects (NTE) such as bystander effects or genomic instability have been known for many years but their significance for radiotherapy or medical diagnostic radiology are far from clear. Central to the issue are reported differences in the response of normal and tumour tissues to signals from directly irradiated cells. This review will discuss possible mechanisms and implications of these different responses and will then discuss possible new therapeutic avenues suggested by the analysis. Finally, the importance of NTE for diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine which stems from the dominance of NTE in the low-dose region of the dose–response curve will be presented. Areas such as second cancer induction and microenvironment plasticity will be discussed.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Nori Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, RERF, Hiroshima, Japan
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21
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Park SM, Yang JS, Tsang DCW, Alessi DS, Baek K. Enhanced irreversible fixation of cesium by wetting and drying cycles in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:149-157. [PMID: 30143907 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The retention of radioactive cesium (Cs) in soil is significantly related to the types of clay minerals, while the weathering process affects the irreversible adsorption sites in clay minerals. In this study, the effect of weathering (exposure duration of Cs and repeated wetting and drying cycles) on fractionation of Cs in soils was investigated using fractionation analysis by the sequential extraction. The residual fraction of Cs increased slowly with exposure time but increased rapidly by repeated wetting and drying cycles. XRD analysis shows that a 1.43 nm of interlayer size for vermiculite is shortened to 1.00 nm, i.e., similar to that of illite. The change implies the potential that the structure of expandable clay minerals is transformed to the non-expandable structure by weathering process after Cs retention. Based on the result, the residual fraction of Cs, most stable form of Cs in the soil, reached relatively rapidly to a maximum. However, the process is much slower kinetically in the field because the bench-scale weathering process used in this study is more aggressive. This study implies that Cs fractionations in the soil are converted into a more stable fraction by weathering processes in the soil. Therefore, Cs removal should be conducted as soon as possible after accidental release of Cs in an environmental side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Soil Environment Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Yang
- Systems Biotechnology Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, 679 Saimdang-ro, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel S Alessi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Kitae Baek
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Soil Environment Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Abstract
A question in evolutionary biology is why the number of males is approximately equal to that of females in many species, and Fisher's theory of equal investment answers that it is the evolutionarily stable state. The Fisherian mechanism can be given a concrete form by a genetic model based on the following assumptions: (1) Males and females mate at random. (2) An allele acts on the father to determine the expected progeny sex ratio. (3) The offspring inherits the allele from either side of the parents with equal probability. The model is known to achieve the 1:1 sex ratio due to the invasion of mutant alleles with different progeny sex ratios. In this study, however, we argue that mutation plays a more subtle role in that fluctuations caused by mutation renormalize the sex ratio and thereby keep it away from 1:1 in general. This finding shows how the sex ratio is affected by mutation in a systematic way, whereby the effective mutation rate can be estimated from an observed sex ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjae Kim
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Chai Jeong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Seung Ki Baek
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
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23
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Nidecker A, Knüsli C. PSR/IPPNW Switzerland - tackling the « radioactive Siamese twins » and considering human rights in the nuclear age. Med Confl Surviv 2018; 34:342-349. [PMID: 30724583 DOI: 10.1080/13623699.2019.1565103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Nidecker
- a Physicians for Social Responsibility/International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War , Luzern , Switzerland
| | - Claudio Knüsli
- a Physicians for Social Responsibility/International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War , Luzern , Switzerland
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24
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Holtgrewe M, Knaus A, Hildebrand G, Pantel JT, Santos MRDL, Neveling K, Goldmann J, Schubach M, Jäger M, Coutelier M, Mundlos S, Beule D, Sperling K, Krawitz PM. Multisite de novo mutations in human offspring after paternal exposure to ionizing radiation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14611. [PMID: 30279461 PMCID: PMC6168503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A genome-wide evaluation of the effects of ionizing radiation on mutation induction in the mouse germline has identified multisite de novo mutations (MSDNs) as marker for previous exposure. Here we present the results of a small pilot study of whole genome sequencing in offspring of soldiers who served in radar units on weapon systems that were emitting high-frequency radiation. We found cases of exceptionally high MSDN rates as well as an increased mean in our cohort: While a MSDN mutation is detected in average in 1 out of 5 offspring of unexposed controls, we observed 12 MSDNs in altogether 18 offspring, including a family with 6 MSDNs in 3 offspring. Moreover, we found two translocations, also resulting from neighboring mutations. Our findings indicate that MSDNs might be suited in principle for the assessment of DNA damage from ionizing radiation also in humans. However, as exact person-related dose values in risk groups are usually not available, the interpretation of MSDNs in single families would benefit from larger molecular epidemiologic studies on this new biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Holtgrewe
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin, 10178, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Alexej Knaus
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Gabriele Hildebrand
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Tori Pantel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kornelia Neveling
- Department for Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525, Netherlands
| | - Jakob Goldmann
- Department for Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525, Netherlands
| | - Max Schubach
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), JRG Computational Genome Biology, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marten Jäger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Coutelier
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin, 10178, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecuar Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Sperling
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Michael Krawitz
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, 53127, Germany.
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25
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Bonisoli-Alquati A, Ostermiller S, Beasley DAE, Welch SM, Møller AP, Mousseau TA. Faster Development Covaries with Higher DNA Damage in Grasshoppers (Chorthippus albomarginatus) from Chernobyl. Physiol Biochem Zool 2018; 91:776-787. [DOI: 10.1086/696005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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26
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Nakamura N. Why Genetic Effects of Radiation are Observed in Mice but not in Humans. Radiat Res 2017; 189:117-127. [PMID: 29261411 DOI: 10.1667/rr14947.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Genetic effects from radiation have been observed in a number of species to date. However, observations in humans are nearly nonexistent. In this review, possible reasons for the paucity of positive observations in humans are discussed. Briefly, it appears likely that radiation sensitivity for the induction of mutations varies among different genes, and that the specific genes that were used in the past with the specific locus test utilizing millions of mice may have simply been very responsive to radiation. In support of this notion, recent studies targeting the whole genome to detect copy number variations (deletions and duplications) in offspring derived from irradiated spermatogonia indicated that the mutation induction rate per genome is surprisingly lower than what would have been expected from previous results with specific locus tests, even in the mouse. This finding leads us to speculate that the lack of evidence for the induction of germline mutations in humans is not due to any kind of species differences between humans and mice, but rather to the lack of highly responsive genes in humans, which could be used for effective mutation screening purposes. Examples of such responsive genes are the mouse coat color genes, but in human studies many more genes with higher response rates are required because the number of offspring examined and the radiation doses received are smaller than in mouse studies. Unfortunately, such genes have not yet been found in humans. These results suggest that radiation probably induces germline mutations in humans but that the mutation induction rate is likely to be much lower than has been estimated from past specific locus studies in mice. Whole genome sequencing studies will likely shed light on this point in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nori Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815 Japan
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27
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Schofield PN, Kondratowicz M. Evolving paradigms for the biological response to low dose ionizing radiation; the role of epigenetics. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 94:769-781. [PMID: 29157078 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1388548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the late 1990s, it had become clear that the long-standing paradigm for the action of radiation on living cells and organisms did not have sufficient power to explain the observed effects of low dose ionizing radiation. The purpose of this commentary is to examine the experiments that lead up to the modification of the classic paradigm consequent on these observations, their historical precedents, and the development of our understanding of the role of epigenetics in low dose radiation effects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We discuss how parallel advances in epigenetics from developmental biology and cancer studies, and the discovery of epigenetic modifications of chromatin, such as DNA methylation, impacted on the development of an epigenetic paradigm for low dose effects. We also assess the impact of technology development in supporting the paradigm shift. We then examine recent accumulated data on epigenetic modification in response to irradiation since that shift took place, and identify areas where bringing together data from developmental biology and cancer might answer some of the paradoxes and contradictions in this data. We predict that further paradigm shifts are imminent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Schofield
- a Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Monika Kondratowicz
- a Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
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28
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Hatch M, Cardis E. Somatic health effects of Chernobyl: 30 years on. Eur J Epidemiol 2017; 32:1047-1054. [PMID: 28929329 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-017-0303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
2016 marked the 30th anniversary of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident. We and others wrote reviews for the 25th anniversary. Since then, additional papers have appeared and it seems timely to highlight lessons learned. To present, not a systematic review, but a commentary drawing attention to notable findings. We include not only recent reports and updates on previous results, but key findings from prior Chernobyl studies. The dose-dependent increase in Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC) following childhood I-131 exposure in Ukraine and Belarus has now been shown to persist for decades. Studies of post-Chernobyl PTCs have produced novel information on chromosomal rearrangements and gene fusions, critical to understanding molecular mechanisms. Studies of clean-up workers/liquidators suggest dose-related increases of thyroid cancer and hematological malignancies in adults. They also report increases in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. If confirmed, these would have significant public health and radiation protection implications. The lens opacities following low to moderate doses found earlier are also a concern, particularly among interventional radiologists who may receive substantial lens doses. Finally, there is some, inconsistent, evidence for genetic effects among offspring of exposed persons. Further efforts, including improved dosimetry, collection of information on other risk factors, and continued follow-up/monitoring of established cohorts, could contribute importantly to further understand effects of low doses and dose-rates of radiation, particularly in young people, and ensure that appropriate public health and radiation protection systems are in place. This will require multinational collaborations and long-term funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Hatch
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9778, USA
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Radiation Programme, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Campus Mar, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Suman S, Kumar S, Moon BH, Fornace AJ, Kallakury BVS, Datta K. Increased Transgenerational Intestinal Tumorigenesis in Offspring of Ionizing Radiation Exposed Parent APC 1638N/+ Mice. J Cancer 2017; 8:1769-1773. [PMID: 28819373 PMCID: PMC5556639 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to assess transgenerational intestinal tumorigenic effects of low dose ionizing radiation employing a well-characterized mouse model of human colorectal cancer. Mice (6 to 8 weeks old APC1638N/+ mice; n=20 per study group) were exposed to whole-body 25 cGy x-rays and mated 2 days post-irradiation. Intestinal tumorigenesis in male and female F1 mice from No Parents Irradiated (NPI), Both Parents Irradiated (BPI), and Male Parent Irradiated (MPI) groups were compared 210 days after birth. Male and female Direct Parent Irradiated (DPI) groups were additional controls for male and female F1 groups respectively. Data showed higher intestinal tumor frequency (± standard error of the mean) in male and female F1 from BPI (male: 7.81 ± 0.91; female: 5.45 ± 0.36) as well as from MPI (male: 6.30 ± 0.33; female: 4.45 ± 0.33) mice relative to F1 from NPI mice (male: 4.2 ± 0.48; female: 3.35 ± 0.37). Compared to male and female DPI (male: 5.55 ± 0.40; female: 3.60 ± 0.22), tumor frequency in F1 mice of BPI and MPI, though higher, was not statistically significant except for DPI vs. BPI in male mice. Additionally, both BPI and MPI showed increased frequency of larger tumors relative to NPI. In summary, our observations demonstrated that the APC1638N/+ mice due to its low spontaneous tumor frequency could serve as an effective model to study risk of transgenerational carcinogenesis in gastrointestinal tissues after exposure to clinically relevant low doses of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Suman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC USA
| | - Bo-Hyun Moon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC USA
| | | | - Kamal Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC USA
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Hsu JL, Kam S, Tammone MN, Lacey EA, Hadly EA. Rapid increase in genetic diversity in an endemic Patagonian tuco-tuco following a recent volcanic eruption. J Mammal 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyx008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lourenço J, Mendo S, Pereira R. Radioactively contaminated areas: Bioindicator species and biomarkers of effect in an early warning scheme for a preliminary risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 317:503-542. [PMID: 27343869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about the impacts on public health and on the natural environment have been raised regarding the full range of operational activities related to uranium mining and the rest of the nuclear fuel cycle (including nuclear accidents), nuclear tests and depleted uranium from military ammunitions. However, the environmental impacts of such activities, as well as their ecotoxicological/toxicological profile, are still poorly studied. Herein, it is discussed if organisms can be used as bioindicators of human health effects, posed by lifetime exposure to radioactively contaminated areas. To do so, information was gathered from several studies performed on vertebrates, invertebrate species and humans, living in these contaminated areas. The retrieved information was compared, to determine which are the most used bioindicators and biomarkers and also the similarities between human and non-human biota responses. The data evaluated are used to support the proposal for an early warning scheme, based on bioindicator species and on the most sensitive and commonly shared biomarkers, to perform a screening evaluation of radioactively contaminated sites. This scheme could be used to support decision-making for a deeper evaluation of risks to human health, making it possible to screen a large number of areas, without disturbing and alarming local populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Lourenço
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Sónia Mendo
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ruth Pereira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto & CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research & GreenUP/CITAB-UP, Porto, Portugal
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Fucic A, Aghajanyan A, Druzhinin V, Minina V, Neronova E. Follow-up studies on genome damage in children after Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2147-2159. [PMID: 27329326 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
As children are more susceptible to ionizing radiation than adults, each nuclear accident demands special attention and care of this vulnerable population. The Chernobyl nuclear disaster occurred in a region populated with a large number of children, but despite all efforts and expertise of nuclear specialists, it was not possible to avoid casualties. As vast regions of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia were exposed to doses of ionizing radiation, which are known to be related with different diseases, shortly after the accident medical surveillance was launched, which also included analysis of genome damage. Child population affected by internal and external radiation consisted of subjects exposed prenatally, postnatally (both evacuated and non-evacuated), born by irradiated fathers who worked as liquidators, and parents exposed environmentally. In all groups of children during the last 30 years who were exposed to doses which were significantly higher than that recommended for general population of 1 mSv per year, increased genome damage was detected. Increased genome damage includes statistically higher frequency of dicentric and ring chromosomes, chromated and chromosome breaks, acentric fragments, translocations, and micronuclei. The presence of rogue cells confirmed internal contamination. Genome instability and radiosensitivity in children was detected both in evacuated and continuously exposed children. Today the population exposed to ionizing radiation in 1986 is in reproductive period of life and follow-up of this population and their offspring is of great importance. This review aims to give insight in results of studies, which reported genome damage in children in journals without language restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Fucic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c 2, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Anna Aghajanyan
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Druzhinin
- Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation.,Federal State Budget Scientific Institution, The Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Varvara Minina
- Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation.,Federal State Budget Scientific Institution, The Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta Neronova
- Nikiforov Russian Center Emergency and Radiation Medicine EMERCOM of Russia, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
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STAWKOWSKI MAGDALENAE. “I am a radioactive mutant”: Emergent biological subjectivities at Kazakhstan's Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site. AMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/amet.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MAGDALENA E. STAWKOWSKI
- Center for International Security and Cooperation; Stanford University; Encina Hall, C228 616 Serra Street Stanford CA 94305
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Rahu K, Rahu M, Tekkel M, Veidebaum T, Hakulinen T, Auvinen A, Bigbee WL, Hartshorne MF, Inskip PD, Boice JD. Chernobyl cleanup workers from Estonia: cohort description and related epidemiological research. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2015; 35:R35-R45. [PMID: 26512763 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/35/4/r35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Estonian study of Chernobyl cleanup workers was one of the first investigations to evaluate the possible health consequences of working in the Chernobyl area (the 30 km exclusion zone and/or adjacent territories) after the 1986 reactor accident. The cohort consists of 4831 men who were dispatched in 1986-1991 for tasks involving decontamination, construction of buildings, transport, radiation measurement, guard duty or other activities. By 31 December 2012, the follow-up of the cohort yielded 102 158 person-years of observation. Exposure and health data were collected by postal questionnaires, biodosimetry evaluations, thyroid screenings, and record-linkages with cancer, causes of death and health insurance reimbursement registers and databases. These data cover socio-demographic factors, employment history, aspects of health behaviour, medical history, work and living conditions in the Chernobyl area, biomarkers of exposure, cancer and non-cancer disease occurrence and causes of death. Cancer incidence data were obtained for 1986-2008, mortality data for 1986-2011 and non-cancer morbidity data for 2004-2012. Although the cohort is relatively small, it has been extensively examined and benefited from comprehensive nationwide population and health registers. The major finding was an increased risk of suicide. Thyroid examinations did not reveal an association with thyroid nodular disease and radiation dose, but did indicate the importance of accounting for screening when making comparisons with unscreened populations. No risk of leukaemia was observed and risks higher than 2.5-fold could be excluded with 95% confidence. Biodosimetry included GPA analyses and chromosomal translocation analyses and indicated that the Estonian cleanup workers experienced a relatively low mean exposure of the order of 0.1 Gy. One value of the Estonian study is in the methodologic processes brought to bear in addressing possible health effects from the Chernobyl accident. Twenty-five years of research are summarised and opportunities for the future listed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Rahu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
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Little MP. Germline minisatellite mutations in the offspring of irradiated parents. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2015; 35:E1-E4. [PMID: 25485602 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/35/1/e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Tawn EJ, Curwen GB, Rees GS, Jonas P. Germline minisatellite mutations in workers occupationally exposed to radiation at the Sellafield nuclear facility. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2015; 35:21-36. [PMID: 25485533 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/35/1/21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Germline minisatellite mutation rates were investigated in male workers occupationally exposed to radiation at the Sellafield nuclear facility. DNA samples from 160 families with 255 offspring were analysed for mutations at eight hypervariable minisatellite loci (B6.7, CEB1, CEB15, CEB25, CEB36, MS1, MS31, MS32) by Southern hybridisation. No significant difference was observed between the paternal mutation rate of 5.0% (37 mutations in 736 alleles) for control fathers with a mean preconceptional testicular dose of 9 mSv and that of 5.8% (66 in 1137 alleles) for exposed fathers with a mean preconceptional testicular dose of 194 mSv. Subgrouping the exposed fathers into two dose groups with means of 111 mSv and 274 mSv revealed paternal mutation rates of 6.0% (32 mutations in 536 alleles) and 5.7% (34 mutations in 601 alleles), respectively, neither of which was significantly different in comparisons with the rate for the control fathers. Maternal mutation rates of 1.6% (12 mutations in 742 alleles) for the partners of control fathers and 1.7% (19 mutations in 1133 alleles) for partners of exposed fathers were not significantly different. This study provides evidence that paternal preconceptional occupational radiation exposure does not increase the germline minisatellite mutation rate and therefore refutes suggestions that such exposure could result in a destabilisation of the germline that can be passed on to future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Janet Tawn
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research (CIGMR), Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. Formerly of Westlakes Research Institute4Westlakes Research Institute closed in 2010., Westlakes Science and Technology Park, Moor Row, Cumbria, CA24 3LN, UK
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Boldrin E, Rumiato E, Fassan M, Cappellesso R, Rugge M, Chiarion-Sileni V, Ruol A, Alfieri R, Cagol M, Castoro C, Amadori A, Saggioro D. Genetic features of metachronous esophageal cancer developed in Hodgkin's lymphoma or breast cancer long-term survivors: an exploratory study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117070. [PMID: 25611972 PMCID: PMC4303414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Development of novel therapeutic drugs and regimens for cancer treatment has led to improvements in patient long-term survival. This success has, however, been accompanied by the increased occurrence of second primary cancers. Indeed, patients who received regional radiotherapy for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL) or breast cancer may develop, many years later, a solid metachronous tumor in the irradiated field. Despite extensive epidemiological studies, little information is available on the genetic changes involved in the pathogenesis of these solid therapy-related neoplasms. Methods Using microsatellite markers located in 7 chromosomal regions frequently deleted in sporadic esophageal cancer, we investigated loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) in 46 paired (normal and tumor) samples. Twenty samples were of esophageal carcinoma developed in HL or breast cancer long-term survivors: 14 squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) and 6 adenocarcinomas (EADC), while 26 samples, used as control, were of sporadic esophageal cancer (15 ESCC and 11 EADC). Results We found that, though the overall LOH frequency at the studied chromosomal regions was similar among metachronous and sporadic tumors, the latter exhibited a statistically different higher LOH frequency at 17q21.31 (p = 0.018). By stratifying for tumor histotype we observed that LOH at 3p24.1, 5q11.2 and 9p21.3 were more frequent in ESCC than in EADC suggesting a different role of the genetic determinants located nearby these regions in the development of the two esophageal cancer histotypes. Conclusions Altogether, our results strengthen the genetic diversity among ESCC and EADC whether they occurred spontaneously or after therapeutic treatments. The presence of histotype-specific alterations in esophageal carcinoma arisen in HL or breast cancer long-term survivors suggests that their transformation process, though the putative different etiological origin, may retrace sporadic ESCC and EADC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Boldrin
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrica Rumiato
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rocco Cappellesso
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Ruol
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rita Alfieri
- Oncological Surgery, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Cagol
- Oncological Surgery, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Castoro
- Oncological Surgery, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Amadori
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Saggioro
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Barrett HH, Myers KJ, Hoeschen C, Kupinski MA, Little MP. Task-based measures of image quality and their relation to radiation dose and patient risk. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:R1-75. [PMID: 25564960 PMCID: PMC4318357 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/2/r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The theory of task-based assessment of image quality is reviewed in the context of imaging with ionizing radiation, and objective figures of merit (FOMs) for image quality are summarized. The variation of the FOMs with the task, the observer and especially with the mean number of photons recorded in the image is discussed. Then various standard methods for specifying radiation dose are reviewed and related to the mean number of photons in the image and hence to image quality. Current knowledge of the relation between local radiation dose and the risk of various adverse effects is summarized, and some graphical depictions of the tradeoffs between image quality and risk are introduced. Then various dose-reduction strategies are discussed in terms of their effect on task-based measures of image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison H. Barrett
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Center for Gamma-Ray Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Kyle J. Myers
- Division of Imaging and Applied Mathematics, Office of Scientific and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Christoph Hoeschen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research unit Medical Radiation Physics and Diagnostics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Matthew A. Kupinski
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Center for Gamma-Ray Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Mark P. Little
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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Goldstein DM, Stawkowski ME. James V. Neel and Yuri E. Dubrova: Cold War debates and the genetic effects of low-dose radiation. JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF BIOLOGY 2015; 48:67-98. [PMID: 25001362 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-014-9385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This article traces disagreements about the genetic effects of low-dose radiation exposure as waged by James Neel (1915-2000), a central figure in radiation studies of Japanese populations after World War II, and Yuri Dubrova (1955-), who analyzed the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. In a 1996 article in Nature, Dubrova reported a statistically significant increase in the minisatellite (junk) DNA mutation rate in the children of parents who received a high dose of radiation from the Chernobyl accident, contradicting studies that found no significant inherited genetic effects among offspring of Japanese A-bomb survivors. Neel's subsequent defense of his large-scale longitudinal studies of the genetic effects of ionizing radiation consolidated current scientific understandings of low-dose ionizing radiation. The article seeks to explain how the Hiroshima/Nagasaki data remain hegemonic in radiation studies, contextualizing the debate with attention to the perceived inferiority of Soviet genetic science during the Cold War.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Goldstein
- Department of Anthropology Hale Building, Campus Box 233, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309-0233, USA,
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Ali A, Kurzawa-Zegota M, Najafzadeh M, Gopalan RC, Plewa MJ, Anderson D. Effect of drinking water disinfection by-products in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and sperm. Mutat Res 2014; 770:136-43. [PMID: 25771880 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) are generated by the chemical disinfection of water and may pose hazards to public health. Two major classes of DBPs are found in finished drinking water: haloacetic acids (HAAs) and trihalomethanes (THMs). HAAs are formed following disinfection with chlorine, which reacts with iodide and bromide in the water. Previously the HAAs were shown to be cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of HAAs in human somatic and germ cells and whether oxidative stress is involved in genotoxic action. In the present study both somatic and germ cells have been examined as peripheral blood lymphocytes and sperm. METHODS The effects of three HAA compounds: iodoacetic acid (IAA), bromoacetic acid (BAA) and chloroacetic acid (CAA) were investigated. After determining appropriate concentration responses, oxygen radical involvement with the antioxidants, butylated hydroxanisole (BHA) and the enzyme catalase, were investigated in the single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay under alkaline conditions, >pH 13 and the micronucleus assay. RESULTS In the Comet assay, BHA and catalase were able to reduce DNA damage in each cell type compared to HAA alone. In the micronucleus assay, micronuclei (MNi) were found in peripheral lymphocytes exposed to all three HAAs and catalase and BHA were in general, able to reduce MNi induction, suggesting oxygen radicals play a role in both assays. CONCLUSION These observations are of concern to public health since both human somatic and germ cells show similar genotoxic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ali
- Genetic & Reproductive Toxicology Group, Medical Sciences Division, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Malgorzata Kurzawa-Zegota
- Genetic & Reproductive Toxicology Group, Medical Sciences Division, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Mojgan Najafzadeh
- Genetic & Reproductive Toxicology Group, Medical Sciences Division, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Rajendran C Gopalan
- Genetic & Reproductive Toxicology Group, Medical Sciences Division, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Michael J Plewa
- Department of Crop Sciences and NSF Science and Technology Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Diana Anderson
- Genetic & Reproductive Toxicology Group, Medical Sciences Division, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
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Rusinova GG, Glazkova IV, Azizova TV, Osovets SV, Vyazovskaya NS. Analysis of genome instability in offspring of Mayak workers’ families: Minisatellite CEB. RUSS J GENET+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279541411012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Han J, Won EJ, Kim IC, Yim JH, Lee SJ, Lee JS. Sublethal gamma irradiation affects reproductive impairment and elevates antioxidant enzyme and DNA repair activities in the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 155:101-109. [PMID: 25000471 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To examine the effects of gamma radiation on marine organisms, we irradiated several doses of gamma ray to the microzooplankton Brachionus koreanus, and measured in vivo and in vitro endpoints including the survival rate, lifespan, fecundity, population growth, gamma ray-induced oxidative stress, and modulated patterns of enzyme activities and gene expressions after DNA damage. After gamma radiation, no individuals showed any mortality within 96 h even at a high intensity (1200 Gy). However, a reduced fecundity (e.g. cumulated number of offspring) of B. koreanus at over 150 Gy was observed along with a slight decrease in lifespan. At 150 Gy and 200 Gy, the reduced fecundity of the rotifers led to a significant decrease in population growth, although in the second generation the population growth pattern was not affected even at 200 Gy when compared to the control group. At sub-lethal doses, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels dose-dependently increased with GST enzyme activity. In addition, up-regulations of the antioxidant and chaperoning genes in response to gamma radiation were able to recover cellular damages, and life table parameters were significantly influenced, particularly with regard to fecundity. DNA repair-associated genes showed significantly up-regulated expression patterns in response to sublethal doses (150 and 200 Gy), as shown in the expression of the gamma-irradiated B. koreanus p53 gene, suggesting that these sublethal doses were not significantly fatal to B. koreanus but induced DNA damages leading to a decrease of the population size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Il-Chan Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Joung Han Yim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.
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Wertelecki W, Yevtushok L, Zymak-Zakutnia N, Wang B, Sosyniuk Z, Lapchenko S, Hobart HH. Blastopathies and microcephaly in a Chornobyl impacted region of Ukraine. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2014; 54:125-49. [PMID: 24666273 PMCID: PMC4233949 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This population-based descriptive epidemiology study demonstrates that rates of conjoined twins, teratomas, neural tube defects, microcephaly, and microphthalmia in the Rivne province of Ukraine are among the highest in Europe. The province is 200 km distant from the Chornobyl site and its northern half, a region known as Polissia, is significantly polluted by ionizing radiation. The rates of neural tube defects, microcephaly and microphthalmia in Polissia are statistically significantly higher than in the rest of the province. A survey of at-birth head size showed that values were statistically smaller in males and females born in one Polissia county than among neonates born in the capital city. These observations provide clues for confirmatory and cause-effect prospective investigations. The strength of this study stems from a reliance on international standards prevalent in Europe and a decade-long population-based surveillance of congenital malformations in two distinct large populations. The limitations of this study, as those of other descriptive epidemiology investigations, is that identified cause-effect associations require further assessment by specific prospective investigations designed to address specific teratogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wladimir Wertelecki
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, University of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama, USA
- OMNI-Net for Children International Charitable FundRivne, Rivne Province, Ukraine
| | - Lyubov Yevtushok
- OMNI-Net for Children International Charitable FundRivne, Rivne Province, Ukraine
- Rivne Regional Medical Diagnostic CenterRivne, Rivne Province, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Zymak-Zakutnia
- OMNI-Net for Children International Charitable FundRivne, Rivne Province, Ukraine
- Khmelnytsky Perinatal CenterKhmelnytsky, Khmelnytsky Province, Ukraine
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Statisitcs, University of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Zoriana Sosyniuk
- OMNI-Net for Children International Charitable FundRivne, Rivne Province, Ukraine
- Rivne Regional Medical Diagnostic CenterRivne, Rivne Province, Ukraine
| | - Serhiy Lapchenko
- OMNI-Net for Children International Charitable FundRivne, Rivne Province, Ukraine
| | - Holly H Hobart
- Cyto-Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical CenterJackson, Mississippi, USA
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Han J, Won EJ, Lee BY, Hwang UK, Kim IC, Yim JH, Leung KMY, Lee YS, Lee JS. Gamma rays induce DNA damage and oxidative stress associated with impaired growth and reproduction in the copepod Tigriopus japonicus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 152:264-272. [PMID: 24800869 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear radioisotope accidents are potentially ecologically devastating due to their impact on marine organisms. To examine the effects of exposure of a marine organism to radioisotopes, we irradiated the intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus with several doses of gamma radiation and analyzed the effects on mortality, fecundity, and molting by assessing antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression patterns. No mortality was observed at 96h, even in response to exposure to a high dose (800Gy) of radiation, but mortality rate was significantly increased 120h (5 days) after exposure to 600 or 800Gy gamma ray radiation. We observed a dose-dependent reduction in fecundity of ovigerous females; even the group irradiated with 50Gy showed a significant reduction in fecundity, suggesting that gamma rays are likely to have a population level effect. In addition, we observed growth retardation, particularly at the nauplius stage, in individuals after gamma irradiation. In fact, nauplii irradiated with more than 200Gy, though able to molt to copepodite stage 1, did not develop into adults. Upon gamma radiation, T. japonicus showed a dose-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, the activities of several antioxidant enzymes, and expression of double-stranded DNA break damage genes (e.g. DNA-PK, Ku70, Ku80). At a low level (sub-lethal dose) of gamma irradiation, we found dose-dependent upregulation of p53, implying cellular damage in T. japonicus in response to sub-lethal doses of gamma irradiation, suggesting that T. japonicus is not susceptible to sub-lethal doses of gamma irradiation. Additionally, antioxidant genes, phase II enzyme (e.g. GSTs), and cellular chaperone genes (e.g. Hsps) that are involved in cellular defense mechanisms also showed the same expression patterns for sublethal doses of gamma irradiation (50-200Gy). These findings indicate that sublethal doses of gamma radiation can induce oxidative stress-mediated DNA damage and increase the expression of antioxidant enzymes and proteins with chaperone-related functions, thereby significantly affecting life history parameters such as fecundity and molting in the copepod T. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Bo-Young Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Un-Ki Hwang
- Marine Ecological Risk Assessment Center, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Incheon 400-420, South Korea
| | - Il-Chan Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Joung Han Yim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Kenneth Mei Yee Leung
- School of Biological Sciences and the Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Sung Lee
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.
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Won EJ, Lee JS. Gamma radiation induces growth retardation, impaired egg production, and oxidative stress in the marine copepod Paracyclopina nana. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 150:17-26. [PMID: 24632311 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Accidental nuclear radioisotope release into the ocean from nuclear power plants is of concern due to ecological and health risks. In this study, we used the marine copepod Paracyclopina nana to examine the effects of radioisotopes on marine organisms upon gamma radiation, and to measure the effects on growth and fecundity, which affect population and community structure. Upon gamma radiation, mortality (LD50 - 96 h=172 Gy) in P. nana was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner in ovigerous P. nana females. For developmental impairment of gamma-irradiated nauplii, we observed growth retardation; in over 30 Gy-irradiated groups, offspring did not grow to adults. Particularly, over 50 Gy-irradiated ovigerous P. nana females did not have normal bilateral egg sacs, and their offspring did not develop normally to adulthood. Additionally, at over 30 Gy, we found dose-dependent increases in oxidative levels with elevated antioxidant enzyme activities and DNA repair activities. These findings indicate that gamma radiation can induce oxidative stress and DNA damage with growth retardation and impaired reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.
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MacArthur JAL, Spector TD, Lindsay SJ, Mangino M, Gill R, Small KS, Hurles ME. The rate of nonallelic homologous recombination in males is highly variable, correlated between monozygotic twins and independent of age. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004195. [PMID: 24603440 PMCID: PMC3945173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) between highly similar duplicated sequences generates chromosomal deletions, duplications and inversions, which can cause diverse genetic disorders. Little is known about interindividual variation in NAHR rates and the factors that influence this. We estimated the rate of deletion at the CMT1A-REP NAHR hotspot in sperm DNA from 34 male donors, including 16 monozygotic (MZ) co-twins (8 twin pairs) aged 24 to 67 years old. The average NAHR rate was 3.5×10−5 with a seven-fold variation across individuals. Despite good statistical power to detect even a subtle correlation, we observed no relationship between age of unrelated individuals and the rate of NAHR in their sperm, likely reflecting the meiotic-specific origin of these events. We then estimated the heritability of deletion rate by calculating the intraclass correlation (ICC) within MZ co-twins, revealing a significant correlation between MZ co-twins (ICC = 0.784, p = 0.0039), with MZ co-twins being significantly more correlated than unrelated pairs. We showed that this heritability cannot be explained by variation in PRDM9, a known regulator of NAHR, or variation within the NAHR hotspot itself. We also did not detect any correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking status or alcohol intake and rate of NAHR. Our results suggest that other, as yet unidentified, genetic or environmental factors play a significant role in the regulation of NAHR and are responsible for the extensive variation in the population for the probability of fathering a child with a genomic disorder resulting from a pathogenic deletion. Many genetic disorders are caused by deletions of specific regions of DNA in sperm or egg cells that go on to produce a child. This can occur through ectopic homologous recombination between highly similar segments of DNA at different positions within the genome. Little is known about the differences in rates of deletion between individuals or the factors that influence this. We analysed the rate of deletion at one such section of DNA in sperm DNA from 34 male donors, including 16 monozygotic co-twins. We observed a seven-fold variation in deletion rate across individuals. Deletion rate is significantly correlated between monozygote co-twins, indicating that deletion rate is heritable. This heritability cannot be explained by age, any known genetic regulator of deletion rate, Body Mass Index, smoking status or alcohol intake. Our results suggest that other, as yet unidentified, genetic or environmental factors play a significant role in the regulation of deletion. These factors are responsible for the extensive variation in the population for the probability of fathering a child with a genomic disorder resulting from a pathogenic deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J. Lindsay
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Raj Gill
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kerrin S. Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew E. Hurles
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Otozai S, Ishikawa-Fujiwara T, Oda S, Kamei Y, Ryo H, Sato A, Nomura T, Mitani H, Tsujimura T, Inohara H, Todo T. p53-Dependent suppression of genome instability in germ cells. Mutat Res 2014; 760:24-32. [PMID: 24406868 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Radiation increases mutation frequencies at tandem repeat loci. Germline mutations in γ-ray-irradiated medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) were studied, focusing on the microsatellite loci. Mismatch-repair genes suppress microsatellite mutation by directly removing altered sequences at the nucleotide level, whereas the p53 gene suppresses genetic alterations by eliminating damaged cells. The contribution of these two defense mechanisms to radiation-induced microsatellite instability was addressed. The spontaneous mutation frequency was significantly higher in msh2(-/-) males than in wild-type fish, whereas there was no difference in the frequency of radiation-induced mutations between msh2(-/-) and wild-type fish. By contrast, irradiated p53(-/-) fish exhibited markedly increased mutation frequencies, whereas their spontaneous mutation frequency was the same as that of wild-type fish. In the spermatogonia of the testis, radiation induced a high level of apoptosis both in wild-type and msh2(-/-) fish, but negligible levels in p53(-/-) fish. The results demonstrate that the msh2 and p53 genes protect genome integrity against spontaneous and radiation-induced mutation by two different pathways: direct removal of mismatches and elimination of damaged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Otozai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishikawa-Fujiwara
- Department of Radiation Biology and Medical Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, B4, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shoji Oda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Department of Radiation Biology and Medical Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, B4, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruko Ryo
- Nomura Project, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka 565-0085, Japan
| | - Ayuko Sato
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Taisei Nomura
- Nomura Project, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka 565-0085, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Tohru Tsujimura
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hidenori Inohara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeshi Todo
- Department of Radiation Biology and Medical Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, B4, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Anderson D, Schmid TE, Baumgartner A. Male-mediated developmental toxicity. Asian J Androl 2014; 16:81-8. [PMID: 24369136 PMCID: PMC3901885 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.122342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Male-mediated developmental toxicity has been of concern for many years. The public became aware of male-mediated developmental toxicity in the early 1990s when it was reported that men working at Sellafield might be causing leukemia in their children. Human and animal studies have contributed to our current understanding of male-mediated effects. Animal studies in the 1980s and 1990s suggested that genetic damage after radiation and chemical exposure might be transmitted to offspring. With the increasing understanding that there is histone retention and modification, protamine incorporation into the chromatin and DNA methylation in mature sperm and that spermatozoal RNA transcripts can play important roles in the epigenetic state of sperm, heritable studies began to be viewed differently. Recent reports using molecular approaches have demonstrated that DNA damage can be transmitted to babies from smoking fathers, and expanded simple tandem repeats minisatellite mutations were found in the germline of fathers who were exposed to radiation from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster. In epidemiological studies, it is possible to clarify whether damage is transmitted to the sons after exposure of the fathers. Paternally transmitted damage to the offspring is now recognized as a complex issue with genetic as well as epigenetic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Anderson
- Division of Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford West Yorkshire, BD, UK
| | - Thomas E Schmid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Adolf Baumgartner
- Division of Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford West Yorkshire, BD, UK
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Fukuda SY, Iwamoto K, Atsumi M, Yokoyama A, Nakayama T, Ishida KI, Inouye I, Shiraiwa Y. Global searches for microalgae and aquatic plants that can eliminate radioactive cesium, iodine and strontium from the radio-polluted aquatic environment: a bioremediation strategy. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2013; 127:79-89. [PMID: 24346654 PMCID: PMC3889918 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-013-0596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Fukushima 1 Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011 released an enormously high level of radionuclides into the environment, a total estimation of 6.3 × 10¹⁷ Bq represented by mainly radioactive Cs, Sr, and I. Because these radionuclides are biophilic, an urgent risk has arisen due to biological intake and subsequent food web contamination in the ecosystem. Thus, urgent elimination of radionuclides from the environment is necessary to prevent substantial radiopollution of organisms. In this study, we selected microalgae and aquatic plants that can efficiently eliminate these radionuclides from the environment. The ability of aquatic plants and algae was assessed by determining the elimination rate of radioactive Cs, Sr and I from culture medium and the accumulation capacity of radionuclides into single cells or whole bodies. Among 188 strains examined from microalgae, aquatic plants and unidentified algal species, we identified six, three and eight strains that can accumulate high levels of radioactive Cs, Sr and I from the medium, respectively. Notably, a novel eustigmatophycean unicellular algal strain, nak 9, showed the highest ability to eliminate radioactive Cs from the medium by cellular accumulation. Our results provide an important strategy for decreasing radiopollution in Fukushima area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ya Fukuda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572 Japan
| | - Koji Iwamoto
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572 Japan
| | - Mika Atsumi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572 Japan
| | - Akiko Yokoyama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572 Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakayama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572 Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Ishida
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572 Japan
| | - Isao Inouye
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shiraiwa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572 Japan
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