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Ventriglia S, Kalcheim C. From neural tube to spinal cord: The dynamic journey of the dorsal neuroepithelium. Dev Biol 2024; 511:26-38. [PMID: 38580174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
In a developing embryo, formation of tissues and organs is remarkably precise in both time and space. Through cell-cell interactions, neighboring progenitors coordinate their activities, sequentially generating distinct types of cells. At present, we only have limited knowledge, rather than a systematic understanding, of the underlying logic and mechanisms responsible for cell fate transitions. The formation of the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord is an outstanding model to tackle these dynamics, as it first generates the peripheral nervous system and is later responsible for transmitting sensory information from the periphery to the brain and for coordinating local reflexes. This is reflected first by the ontogeny of neural crest cells, progenitors of the peripheral nervous system, followed by formation of the definitive roof plate of the central nervous system and specification of adjacent interneurons, then a transformation of roof plate into dorsal radial glia and ependyma lining the forming central canal. How do these peripheral and central neural branches segregate from common progenitors? How are dorsal radial glia established concomitant with transformation of the neural tube lumen into a central canal? How do the dorsal radial glia influence neighboring cells? This is only a partial list of questions whose clarification requires the implementation of experimental paradigms in which precise control of timing is crucial. Here, we outline some available answers and still open issues, while highlighting the contributions of avian models and their potential to address mechanisms of neural patterning and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Ventriglia
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 9112102, P.O.Box 12272, Israel.
| | - Chaya Kalcheim
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 9112102, P.O.Box 12272, Israel.
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2
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Ito M, Yajima S, Suzuki T, Oshima Y, Nanami T, Sumazaki M, Shiratori F, Takizawa H, Li SY, Zhang BS, Yoshida Y, Matsutani T, Hiwasa T, Shimada H. Combination of high anti-SKI and low anti-TMED5 antibody levels is preferable prognostic factor in esophageal carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2024. [PMID: 38634426 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Given that esophageal cancer is highly malignant, the discovery of novel prognostic markers is eagerly awaited. We performed serological identification of antigens by recombinant cDNA expression cloning (SEREX) and identified SKI proto-oncogene protein and transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 5 (TMED5) as antigens recognized by serum IgG antibodies in patients with esophageal carcinoma. SKI and TMED5 proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified by affinity chromatography, and used as antigens. The serum anti-SKI antibody (s-SKI-Ab) and anti-TMED5 antibody (s-TMED5-Ab) levels were significantly higher in 192 patients with esophageal carcinoma than in 96 healthy donors. The presence of s-SKI-Abs and s-TMED5-Abs in the patients' sera was confirmed by western blotting. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the TMED5 protein was highly expressed in the cytoplasm and nuclear compartments of the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues, whereas the SKI protein was localized predominantly in the nuclei. Regarding the overall survival in 91 patients who underwent radical surgery, the s-SKI-Ab-positive and s-TMED5-Ab-negative statuses were significantly associated with a favorable prognosis. Additionally, the combination of s-SKI-Ab-positive and s-TMED5-Ab-negative cases showed an even clearer difference in overall survival as compared with that of s-SKI-Ab-negative and s-TMED5-Ab-positive cases. The s-SKI-Ab and s-TMED5-Ab biomarkers are useful for diagnosing esophageal carcinoma and distinguishing between favorable and poor prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Ito
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Oshima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Nanami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Sumazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Shiratori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Takizawa
- Port Square Kashiwado Clinic, Kashiwado Memorial Foundation, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shu-Yang Li
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bo-Shi Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoichi Yoshida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoo Matsutani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takaki Hiwasa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Benes GA, Hunsberger JB, Dietz HC, Sponseller PD. Opioid Utilization After Scoliosis Surgery is Greater in Marfan Syndrome Than Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2024; 49:E80-E86. [PMID: 37294802 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective matched case cohort. OBJECTIVE Compare postoperative opioid utilization and prescribing behaviors between patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) after posterior spinal fusion (PSF). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Opioids are an essential component of pain management after PSF. However, due to the potential for opioid use disorder and dependence, current analgesic strategies aim to minimize their use, especially in younger patients. Limited information exists on opioid utilization after PSF for syndromic scoliosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty adolescents undergoing PSF with MFS were matched with patients with AIS (ratio, 1:2) by age, sex, degree of spinal deformity, and the number of vertebral levels fused. Inpatient and outpatient pharmaceutical data were reviewed for the quantity and duration of opioid and adjunct medications. Prescriptions were converted to morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) using CDC's standard conversion factor. RESULTS Compared with patients with AIS, patients with MFS had significantly greater total inpatient MME use (4.9 vs . 2.1 mg/kg, P ≤ 0.001) and longer duration of intravenous patient-controlled anesthesia (3.4 vs . 2.5 d, P = 0.001). Within the first 2 postop days, MFS patients had more patient-controlled anesthesia boluses (91 vs . 52 boluses, P = 0.01) despite similar pain scores and greater use of adjunct medications. After accounting for prior opioid use, MFS was the only significant predictor of requesting an opioid prescription after discharge (odds ratio: 4.1, 95% CI: 1.1-14.9, P = 0.03). Patients with MFS were also more likely to be discharged with a more potent prescription (1.0 vs . 0.72 MME per day/kg, P ≤ 0.001) and to receive a longer-duration prescription (13 vs . 8 d, P = 0.005) with a greater MME/kg (11.6 vs . 5.6 mg/kg, P ≤ 0.001) as outpatients. CONCLUSION Despite a similar intervention, patients with MFS and AIS seem to differ in their postoperative opioid usage after PSF, presenting an opportunity for further research to assist clinicians in better anticipating the analgesic needs of individual patients, particularly in light of the ongoing opioid epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Benes
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joann B Hunsberger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Harry C Dietz
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Paul D Sponseller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Niu R, Zhang X, Yu Y, Bao Z, Yang J, Yuan J, Li F. Identification of Growth-Related Gene BAMBI and Analysis of Gene Structure and Function in the Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1074. [PMID: 38612313 PMCID: PMC11011141 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
As one of the most important aquaculture species in the world, the improvement of growth traits of the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), has always been a primary focus. In this study, we conducted SNP-specific locus analysis and identified a growth-related gene, BAMBI, in L. vannamei. We analyzed the structure and function of LvBAMBI using genomic, transcriptomic, metabolomic, and RNA interference (RNAi) assays. The LvBAMBI possessed highly conserved structural domains and widely expressed in various tissues. Knockdown of LvBAMBI significantly inhibited the gain of body length and weight of the shrimp, underscoring its role as a growth-promoting factor. Specifically, knockdown of LvBAMBI resulted in a significant downregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism, protein synthesis, catabolism and transport, and immunity. Conversely, genes related to glucose metabolism exhibited significant upregulations. Analysis of differential metabolites (DMs) in metabolomics further revealed that LvBAMBI knockdown may primarily affect shrimp growth by regulating biological processes related to lipid and glucose metabolism. These results suggested that LvBAMBI plays a crucial role in regulating lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and protein transport in shrimp. This study provides valuable insights for future research and utilization of BAMBI genes in shrimp and crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruigang Niu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (R.N.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.); (F.L.)
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (R.N.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.); (F.L.)
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yang Yu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (R.N.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.); (F.L.)
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhenning Bao
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (R.N.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.); (F.L.)
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (R.N.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.); (F.L.)
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianbo Yuan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (R.N.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.); (F.L.)
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (R.N.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.); (F.L.)
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Westover KR, Jin P, Yao B. Bridging the gap: R-loop mediated genomic instability and its implications in neurological diseases. Epigenomics 2024; 16:589-608. [PMID: 38530068 PMCID: PMC11160457 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
R-loops, intricate three-stranded structures formed by RNA-DNA hybrids and an exposed non-template DNA strand, are fundamental to various biological phenomena. They carry out essential and contrasting functions within cellular mechanisms, underlining their critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. The specific cellular context that dictates R-loop formation determines their function, particularly emphasizing the necessity for their meticulous genomic regulation. Notably, the aberrant formation or misregulation of R-loops is implicated in numerous neurological disorders. This review focuses on the complex interactions between R-loops and double-strand DNA breaks, exploring how R-loop dysregulation potentially contributes to the pathogenesis of various brain disorders, which could provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning neurological disease progression and identify potential therapeutic targets by highlighting these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Westover
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bing Yao
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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6
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Mörsdorf D, Knabl P, Genikhovich G. Highly conserved and extremely evolvable: BMP signalling in secondary axis patterning of Cnidaria and Bilateria. Dev Genes Evol 2024:10.1007/s00427-024-00714-4. [PMID: 38472535 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-024-00714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Bilateria encompass the vast majority of the animal phyla. As the name states, they are bilaterally symmetric, that is with a morphologically clear main body axis connecting their anterior and posterior ends, a second axis running between their dorsal and ventral surfaces, and with a left side being roughly a mirror image of their right side. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling has widely conserved functions in the formation and patterning of the second, dorso-ventral (DV) body axis, albeit to different extents in different bilaterian species. Whilst initial findings in the fruit fly Drosophila and the frog Xenopus highlighted similarities amongst these evolutionarily very distant species, more recent analyses featuring other models revealed considerable diversity in the mechanisms underlying dorsoventral patterning. In fact, as phylogenetic sampling becomes broader, we find that this axis patterning system is so evolvable that even its core components can be deployed differently or lost in different model organisms. In this review, we will try to highlight the diversity of ways by which BMP signalling controls bilaterality in different animals, some of which do not belong to Bilateria. Future research combining functional analyses and modelling is bound to give us some understanding as to where the limits to the extent of the evolvability of BMP-dependent axial patterning may lie.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mörsdorf
- Dept. Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, UBB, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Knabl
- Dept. Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, UBB, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Grigory Genikhovich
- Dept. Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, UBB, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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7
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Fox SC, Waskiewicz AJ. Transforming growth factor beta signaling and craniofacial development: modeling human diseases in zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1338070. [PMID: 38385025 PMCID: PMC10879340 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1338070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans and other jawed vertebrates rely heavily on their craniofacial skeleton for eating, breathing, and communicating. As such, it is vital that the elements of the craniofacial skeleton develop properly during embryogenesis to ensure a high quality of life and evolutionary fitness. Indeed, craniofacial abnormalities, including cleft palate and craniosynostosis, represent some of the most common congenital abnormalities in newborns. Like many other organ systems, the development of the craniofacial skeleton is complex, relying on specification and migration of the neural crest, patterning of the pharyngeal arches, and morphogenesis of each skeletal element into its final form. These processes must be carefully coordinated and integrated. One way this is achieved is through the spatial and temporal deployment of cell signaling pathways. Recent studies conducted using the zebrafish model underscore the importance of the Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) and Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) pathways in craniofacial development. Although both pathways contain similar components, each pathway results in unique outcomes on a cellular level. In this review, we will cover studies conducted using zebrafish that show the necessity of these pathways in each stage of craniofacial development, starting with the induction of the neural crest, and ending with the morphogenesis of craniofacial elements. We will also cover human skeletal and craniofacial diseases and malformations caused by mutations in the components of these pathways (e.g., cleft palate, craniosynostosis, etc.) and the potential utility of zebrafish in studying the etiology of these diseases. We will also briefly cover the utility of the zebrafish model in joint development and biology and discuss the role of TGF-β/BMP signaling in these processes and the diseases that result from aberrancies in these pathways, including osteoarthritis and multiple synostoses syndrome. Overall, this review will demonstrate the critical roles of TGF-β/BMP signaling in craniofacial development and show the utility of the zebrafish model in development and disease.
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8
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Chen X, Li J, Xiang A, Guan H, Su P, Zhang L, Zhang D, Yu Q. BMP and activin receptor membrane bound inhibitor: BAMBI has multiple roles in gene expression and diseases (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:28. [PMID: 38125356 PMCID: PMC10728939 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) is a transmembrane glycoprotein, known as a pseudo-receptor for TGFβ, as, while its extracellular domain is similar to that of type I TGFβ receptors, its intracellular structure is shorter and lacks a serine/threonine phosphokinase signaling motif. BAMBI can regulate numerous biological phenomena, including glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammatory responses, and cell proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, abnormal expression of BAMBI at the mRNA and protein levels contributes to various human pathologies, including obesity and cancer. In the present review, the structure of BAMBI is briefly introduced and its associated signaling pathways and physiological functions are described. Understanding of BAMBI structure and function may contribute to knowledge regarding the occurrence of diseases, including obesity and diabetes, among others. The present review provides a theoretical foundation for the development of BAMBI as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochang Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Jue Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Aoqi Xiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Hua Guan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Peihong Su
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Lusha Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Dian Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
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Wang L, Si W, Yu X, Piffko A, Dou X, Ding X, Bugno J, Yang K, Wen C, Zhang L, Chen D, Huang X, Wang J, Arina A, Pitroda S, Chmura SJ, He C, Liang HL, Weichselbaum R. Epitranscriptional regulation of TGF-β pseudoreceptor BAMBI by m6A/YTHDF2 drives extrinsic radioresistance. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e172919. [PMID: 38099498 PMCID: PMC10721150 DOI: 10.1172/jci172919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of TGF-β signaling serves as an extrinsic resistance mechanism that limits the potential for radiotherapy. Bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) antagonizes TGF-β signaling and is implicated in cancer progression. However, the molecular mechanisms of BAMBI regulation in immune cells and its impact on antitumor immunity after radiation have not been established. Here, we show that ionizing radiation (IR) specifically reduces BAMBI expression in immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in both murine models and humans. Mechanistically, YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA-binding protein F2 (YTHDF2) directly binds and degrades Bambi transcripts in an N6-methyladenosine-dependent (m6A-dependent) manner, and this relies on NF-κB signaling. BAMBI suppresses the tumor-infiltrating capacity and suppression function of MDSCs via inhibiting TGF-β signaling. Adeno-associated viral delivery of Bambi (AAV-Bambi) to the tumor microenvironment boosts the antitumor effects of radiotherapy and radioimmunotherapy combinations. Intriguingly, combination of AAV-Bambi and IR not only improves local tumor control, but also suppresses distant metastasis, further supporting its clinical translation potential. Our findings uncover a surprising role of BAMBI in myeloid cells, unveiling a potential therapeutic strategy for overcoming extrinsic radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Wang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wei Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianbin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andras Piffko
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xiaoyang Dou
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xingchen Ding
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jason Bugno
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- The Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics and
| | - Kaiting Yang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chuangyu Wen
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Linda Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaona Huang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jiaai Wang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ainhoa Arina
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sean Pitroda
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hua Laura Liang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ralph Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Sachdev S. A friend in a forest of radiation-immune interactions: BAMBI improves antitumor effects by limiting radioresistance. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e176061. [PMID: 38099499 PMCID: PMC10721139 DOI: 10.1172/jci176061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) remains one of the most effective and utilized oncologic treatments available. While it can directly yield tumor cell death, its impact on the immune microenvironment is more complex, promoting either an antitumor response or, conversely, a tumor-promoting state. TGF-β, induced by RT, yields a more immunosuppressive environment, including potentially blunting response to immune-checkpoint blockade. In this issue of the JCI, Wang and colleagues demonstrate that RT reduced expression of bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI), a TGF-β pseudoreceptor. Limiting this effect, or increasing BAMBI, improved RT-induced tumor cell killing, tumor response, and antitumor immune effects. This realization points to a pathway of potential clinical translation.
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11
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Mezawa Y, Wang T, Daigo Y, Takano A, Miyagi Y, Yokose T, Yamashita T, Yang L, Maruyama R, Seimiya H, Orimo A. Glutamine deficiency drives transforming growth factor-β signaling activation that gives rise to myofibroblastic carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4376-4387. [PMID: 37706357 PMCID: PMC10637058 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-promoting carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), abundant in the mammary tumor microenvironment (TME), maintain transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-Smad2/3 signaling activation and the myofibroblastic state, the hallmark of activated fibroblasts. How myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs) arise in the TME and which epigenetic and metabolic alterations underlie activated fibroblastic phenotypes remain, however, poorly understood. We herein show global histone deacetylation in myCAFs present in tumors to be significantly associated with poorer outcomes in breast cancer patients. As the TME is subject to glutamine (Gln) deficiency, human mammary fibroblasts (HMFs) were cultured in Gln-starved medium. Global histone deacetylation and TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling activation are induced in these cells, largely mediated by class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Additionally, mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling is attenuated in Gln-starved HMFs, and mTORC1 inhibition in Gln-supplemented HMFs with rapamycin treatment boosts TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling activation. These data indicate that mTORC1 suppression mediates TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling activation in Gln-starved HMFs. Global histone deacetylation, class I HDAC activation, and mTORC1 suppression are also observed in cultured human breast CAFs. Class I HDAC inhibition or mTORC1 activation by high-dose Gln supplementation significantly attenuates TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling and the myofibroblastic state in these cells. These data indicate class I HDAC activation and mTORC1 suppression to be required for maintenance of myCAF traits. Taken together, these findings indicate that Gln starvation triggers TGF-β signaling activation in HMFs through class I HDAC activity and mTORC1 suppression, presumably inducing myCAF conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Mezawa
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Tingwei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center; Center for Advanced Medicine against CancerShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Atsushi Takano
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center; Center for Advanced Medicine against CancerShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics DivisionKanagawa Cancer Center Research InstituteYokohamaJapan
| | | | - Toshinari Yamashita
- Department of Breast Surgery and OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Liying Yang
- Project for Cancer EpigenomicsCancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Reo Maruyama
- Project for Cancer EpigenomicsCancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Seimiya
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy CenterJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
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12
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Maizels RM, Newfeld SJ. Convergent Evolution in a Murine Intestinal Parasite Rapidly Created the TGM Family of Molecular Mimics to Suppress the Host Immune Response. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad158. [PMID: 37625791 PMCID: PMC10516467 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor-β mimic (TGM) multigene family was recently discovered in the murine intestinal parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus. This family was shaped by an atypical set of organismal and molecular evolutionary mechanisms along its path through the adaptive landscape. The relevant mechanisms are mimicry, convergence, exon modularity, new gene origination, and gene family neofunctionalization. We begin this review with a description of the TGM family and then address two evolutionary questions: "Why were TGM proteins needed for parasite survival" and "when did the TGM family originate"? For the former, we provide a likely answer, and for the latter, we identify multiple TGM building blocks in the ruminant intestinal parasite Haemonchus contortus. We close by identifying avenues for future investigation: new biochemical data to assign functions to more family members as well as new sequenced genomes in the Trichostrongyloidea superfamily and the Heligmosomoides genus to clarify TGM origins and expansion. Continued study of TGM proteins will generate increased knowledge of Transforming Growth Factor-β signaling, host-parasite interactions, and metazoan evolutionary mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick M Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J Newfeld
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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13
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Sánchez-Duffhues G, Hiepen C. Human iPSCs as Model Systems for BMP-Related Rare Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:2200. [PMID: 37681932 PMCID: PMC10487005 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling contribute to onset and development of a number of rare genetic diseases, including Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). After decades of animal research to build a solid foundation in understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms, the progressive implementation of iPSC-based patient-derived models will improve drug development by addressing drug efficacy, specificity, and toxicity in a complex humanized environment. We will review the current state of literature on iPSC-derived model systems in this field, with special emphasis on the access to patient source material and the complications that may come with it. Given the essential role of BMPs during embryonic development and stem cell differentiation, gain- or loss-of-function mutations in the BMP signalling pathway may compromise iPSC generation, maintenance, and differentiation procedures. This review highlights the need for careful optimization of the protocols used. Finally, we will discuss recent developments towards complex in vitro culture models aiming to resemble specific tissue microenvironments with multi-faceted cellular inputs, such as cell mechanics and ECM together with organoids, organ-on-chip, and microfluidic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Sánchez-Duffhues
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), ISPA-HUCA, Avda. de Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Hiepen
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Westphalian University of Applied Sciences, August-Schmidt-Ring 10, 45665 Recklinghausen, Germany
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14
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Ehnert S, Rinderknecht H, Liu C, Voss M, Konrad FM, Eisler W, Alexander D, Ngamsri KC, Histing T, Rollmann MF, Nussler AK. Increased Levels of BAMBI Inhibit Canonical TGF-β Signaling in Chronic Wound Tissues. Cells 2023; 12:2095. [PMID: 37626905 PMCID: PMC10453918 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds affect more than 2% of the population worldwide, with a significant burden on affected individuals, healthcare systems, and societies. A key regulator of the entire wound healing cascade is transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), which regulates not only inflammation and extracellular matrix formation but also revascularization. This present work aimed at characterizing wound tissues obtained from acute and chronic wounds regarding angiogenesis, inflammation, as well as ECM formation and degradation, to identify common disturbances in the healing process. Serum and wound tissues from 38 patients (N = 20 acute and N = 18 chronic wounds) were analyzed. The patients' sera suggested a shift from VEGF/VEGFR to ANGPT/TIE2 signaling in the chronic wounds. However, this shift was not confirmed in the wound tissues. Instead, the chronic wound tissues showed increased levels of MMP9, a known activator of TGF-β. However, regulation of TGF-β target genes, such as CTGF, COL1A1, or IL-6, was absent in the chronic wounds. In wound tissues, all three TGF-β isoforms were expressed with increased levels of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 and a reporter assay confirmed that the expressed TGF-β was activated. However, Western blots and immunostaining showed decreased canonical TGF-β signaling in the respective chronic wound tissues, suggesting the presence of a TGF-β inhibitor. As a potential regulatory mechanism, the TGF-β proteome profiler array suggested elevated levels of the TGF-β pseudo-receptor BAMBI. Also, tissue expression of BAMBI was significantly increased not only in chronic wounds (10.6-fold) but also in acute wounds that had become chronic (9.5-fold). In summary, our data indicate a possible regulatory role of BAMBI in the development of chronic wounds. The available few in vivo studies support our findings by postulating a therapeutic potential of BAMBI for controlling scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Helen Rinderknecht
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Chao Liu
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Melanie Voss
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Franziska M. Konrad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.M.K.); (K.-C.N.)
| | - Wiebke Eisler
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Dorothea Alexander
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Kristian-Christos Ngamsri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.M.K.); (K.-C.N.)
| | - Tina Histing
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Mika F. Rollmann
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Andreas K. Nussler
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
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15
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Park HJ, Choi J, Kim H, Yang DY, An TH, Lee EW, Han BS, Lee SC, Kim WK, Bae KH, Oh KJ. Cellular heterogeneity and plasticity during NAFLD progression. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1221669. [PMID: 37635938 PMCID: PMC10450943 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1221669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive liver disease that can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), NASH-related cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis (or nonalcoholic fatty liver [NAFL]) to NASH as a progressive form of NAFL, which is characterized by steatosis, lobular inflammation, and hepatocellular ballooning with or without fibrosis. Because of the complex pathophysiological mechanism and the heterogeneity of NAFLD, including its wide spectrum of clinical and histological characteristics, no specific therapeutic drugs have been approved for NAFLD. The heterogeneity of NAFLD is closely associated with cellular plasticity, which describes the ability of cells to acquire new identities or change their phenotypes in response to environmental stimuli. The liver consists of parenchymal cells including hepatocytes and cholangiocytes and nonparenchymal cells including Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, and endothelial cells, all of which have specialized functions. This heterogeneous cell population has cellular plasticity to adapt to environmental changes. During NAFLD progression, these cells can exert diverse and complex responses at multiple levels following exposure to a variety of stimuli, including fatty acids, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Therefore, this review provides insights into NAFLD heterogeneity by addressing the cellular plasticity and metabolic adaptation of hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and Kupffer cells during NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Park
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Choi
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunmi Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Yeon Yang
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyeon An
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Soo Han
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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16
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Keum BR, Yeo I, Koo Y, Han W, Choi SC, Kim GH, Han JK. Transmembrane protein 150b attenuates BMP signaling in the Xenopus organizer. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1850-1866. [PMID: 37435758 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate organizer is a specified embryonic tissue that regulates dorsoventral patterning and axis formation. Although numerous cellular signaling pathways have been identified as regulators of the organizer's dynamic functions, the process remains incompletely understood, and as-yet unknown pathways remain to be explored for sophisticated mechanistic understanding of the vertebrate organizer. To identify new potential key factors of the organizer, we performed complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray screening using organizer-mimicking Xenopus laevis tissue. This analysis yielded a list of prospective organizer genes, and we determined the role of six-transmembrane domain containing transmembrane protein 150b (Tmem150b) in organizer function. Tmem150b was expressed in the organizer region and induced by Activin/Nodal signaling. In X. laevis, Tmem150b knockdown resulted in head defects and a shortened body axis. Moreover, Tmem150b negatively regulated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, likely via physical interaction with activin receptor-like kinase 2 (ALK2). These findings demonstrated that Tmem150b functions as a novel membrane regulatory factor of BMP signaling with antagonistic effects, contributing to the understanding of regulatory molecular mechanisms of organizer axis function. Investigation of additional candidate genes identified in the cDNA microarray analysis could further delineate the genetic networks of the organizer during vertebrate embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Rak Keum
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
- Research Center for drug development, CYPHARMA, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Inchul Yeo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Youngmu Koo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Wonhee Han
- Department of Neurology, F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sun-Cheol Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gun-Hwa Kim
- Research Center for drug development, CYPHARMA, Daejeon, Korea
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin-Kwan Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea
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17
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Hamang M, Yaden B, Dai G. Gastrointestinal pharmacology activins in liver health and disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 214:115668. [PMID: 37364623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Activins are a subgroup of the TGFβ superfamily of growth and differentiation factors, dimeric in nature and consisting of two inhibin beta subunits linked via a disulfide bridge. Canonical activin signaling occurs through Smad2/3, with negative feedback initiated by Smad6/7 following signal transduction, which binds activin type I receptor preventing phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and activation of downstream signaling. In addition to Smad6/7, other inhibitors of activin signaling have been identified as well, including inhibins (dimers of an inhibin alpha and beta subunit), BAMBI, Cripto, follistatin, and follistatin-like 3 (fstl3). To date, activins A, B, AB, C, and E have been identified and isolated in mammals, with activin A and B having the most characterization of biological activity. Activin A has been implicated as a regulator of several important functions of liver biology, including hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis, ECM production, and liver regeneration; the role of other subunits of activin in liver physiology are less understood. There is mounting data to suggest a link between dysregulation of activins contributing to various hepatic diseases such as inflammation, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and emerging studies demonstrating the protective and regenerative effects of inhibiting activins in mouse models of liver disease. Due to their importance in liver biology, activins demonstrate utility as a therapeutic target for the treatment of hepatic diseases such as cirrhosis, NASH, NAFLD, and HCC; further research regarding activins may provide diagnostic or therapeutic opportunity for those suffering from various liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hamang
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Benjamin Yaden
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Guoli Dai
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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18
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Xie Z, Zhou G, Zhang M, Han J, Wang Y, Li X, Wu Q, Li M, Zhang S. Recent developments on BMPs and their antagonists in inflammatory bowel diseases. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:210. [PMID: 37391444 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease, are intestinal disorders characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation. A large proportion of patients with IBD will progress to develop colitis-associated colorectal cancer due to the chronic intestinal inflammation. Biologic agents that target tumour necrosis factor-α, integrin α4β7, and interleukin (IL)12/23p40 have been more successful than conventional therapies in treating IBD. However, drug intolerance and loss of response are serious drawbacks of current biologics, necessitating the development of novel drugs that target specific pathways in IBD pathogenesis. One promising group of candidate molecules are bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of the TGF-β family involved in regulating morphogenesis, homeostasis, stemness, and inflammatory responses in the gastrointestinal tract. Also worth examining are BMP antagonists, major regulators of these proteins. Evidence has shown that BMPs (especially BMP4/6/7) and BMP antagonists (especially Gremlin1 and follistatin-like protein 1) play essential roles in IBD pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an updated overview on the involvement of BMPs and BMP antagonists in IBD pathogenesis and in regulating the fate of intestinal stem cells. We also described the expression patterns of BMPs and BMP antagonists along the intestinal crypt-villus axis. Lastly, we synthesized available research on negative regulators of BMP signalling. This review summarizes recent developments on BMPs and BMP antagonists in IBD pathogenesis, which provides novel insights into future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gaoshi Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mudan Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jing Han
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qirui Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Manying Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shenghong Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
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19
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Chênais N, Le Cam A, Guillet B, Lareyre JJ, Labbé C. TGFβ inhibition and mesenchymal to epithelial transition initiation by Xenopus egg extract: first steps towards early reprogramming in fish somatic cell. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9967. [PMID: 37339990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Xenopus egg extract is a powerful material to modify cultured cells fate and to induce cellular reprogramming in mammals. In this study, the response of goldfish fin cells to in vitro exposure to Xenopus egg extract, and subsequent culture, was studied using a cDNA microarray approach, gene ontology and KEGG pathways analyses, and qPCR validation. We observed that several actors of the TGFβ and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, as well as some mesenchymal markers, were inhibited in treated cells, while several epithelial markers were upregulated. This was associated with morphological changes of the cells in culture, suggesting that egg extract drove cultured fin cells towards a mesenchymal-epithelial transition. This indicates that Xenopus egg extract treatment relieved some barriers of somatic reprogramming in fish cells. However, the lack of re-expression of pou2 and nanog pluripotency markers, the absence of DNA methylation remodeling of their promoter region, and the strong decrease in de novo lipid biosynthesis metabolism, indicate that reprogramming was only partial. The observed changes may render these treated cells more suitable for studies on in vivo reprogramming after somatic cell nuclear transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Chênais
- INRAE, UR1037 LPGP, Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, 35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Aurelie Le Cam
- INRAE, UR1037 LPGP, Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Brigitte Guillet
- Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Lareyre
- INRAE, UR1037 LPGP, Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Catherine Labbé
- INRAE, UR1037 LPGP, Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, 35000, Rennes, France.
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20
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Guignabert C, Savale L, Boucly A, Thuillet R, Tu L, Ottaviani M, Rhodes CJ, De Groote P, Prévot G, Bergot E, Bourdin A, Howard LS, Fadel E, Beurnier A, Roche A, Jevnikar M, Jaïs X, Montani D, Wilkins MR, Sitbon O, Humbert M. Serum and Pulmonary Expression Profiles of the Activin Signaling System in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation 2023; 147:1809-1822. [PMID: 37096577 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activins are novel therapeutic targets in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We therefore studied whether key members of the activin pathway could be used as PAH biomarkers. METHODS Serum levels of activin A, activin B, α-subunit of inhibin A and B proteins, and the antagonists follistatin and follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3) were measured in controls and in patients with newly diagnosed idiopathic, heritable, or anorexigen-associated PAH (n=80) at baseline and 3 to 4 months after treatment initiation. The primary outcome was death or lung transplantation. Expression patterns of the inhibin subunits, follistatin, FSTL3, Bambi, Cripto, and the activin receptors type I (ALK), type II (ACTRII), and betaglycan were analyzed in PAH and control lung tissues. RESULTS Death or lung transplantation occurred in 26 of 80 patients (32.5%) over a median follow-up of 69 (interquartile range, 50-81) months. Both baseline (hazard ratio, 1.001 [95% CI, 1.000-1.001]; P=0.037 and 1.263 [95% CI, 1.049-1.520]; P=0.014, respectively) and follow-up (hazard ratio, 1.003 [95% CI, 1.001-1.005]; P=0.001 and 1.365 [95% CI, 1.185-1.573]; P<0.001, respectively) serum levels of activin A and FSTL3 were associated with transplant-free survival in a model adjusted for age and sex. Thresholds determined by receiver operating characteristic analyses were 393 pg/mL for activin A and 16.6 ng/mL for FSTL3. When adjusted with New York Heart Association functional class, 6-minute walk distance, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, the hazard ratios for transplant-free survival for baseline activin A <393 pg/mL and FSTL3 <16.6 ng/mL were, respectively, 0.14 (95% CI, 0.03-0.61; P=0.009) and 0.17 (95% CI, 0.06-0.45; P<0.001), and for follow-up measures, 0.23 (95% CI, 0.07-0.78; P=0.019) and 0.27 (95% CI, 0.09-0.78, P=0.015), respectively. Prognostic values of activin A and FSTL3 were confirmed in an independent external validation cohort. Histological analyses showed a nuclear accumulation of the phosphorylated form of Smad2/3, higher immunoreactivities for ACTRIIB, ALK2, ALK4, ALK5, ALK7, Cripto, and FSTL3 in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle layers, and lower immunostaining for inhibin-α and follistatin. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer new insights into the activin signaling system in PAH and show that activin A and FSTL3 are prognostic biomarkers for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - Laurent Savale
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.S., A. Boucly, A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - Athénaïs Boucly
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.S., A. Boucly, A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - Raphaël Thuillet
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - Ly Tu
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - Mina Ottaviani
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.J.R., M.R.W.)
| | - Pascal De Groote
- Université de Lille, Service de cardiologie, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm U1167, France (P.D.G.)
| | - Grégoire Prévot
- CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Larrey, Service de pneumologie, France (G.P.)
| | - Emmanuel Bergot
- Unicaen, UFR santé, Service de Pneumologie & Oncologie Thoracique, CHU de Caen, France (E.B.)
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Université Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Department of Respiratory Diseases, France (A. Bourdin)
| | - Luke S Howard
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (L.S.H.)
| | - Elie Fadel
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris-Saclay University, France (E.F.)
| | - Antoine Beurnier
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.S., A. Boucly, A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - Anne Roche
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.S., A. Boucly, A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - Mitja Jevnikar
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.S., A. Boucly, A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - Xavier Jaïs
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.S., A. Boucly, A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - David Montani
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.S., A. Boucly, A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.J.R., M.R.W.)
| | - Olivier Sitbon
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.S., A. Boucly, A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
| | - Marc Humbert
- INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (C.G., L.S., A. Boucly, R.T., L.T., M.O., E.F., A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (L.S., A. Boucly, A. Beurnier, A.R., M.J., X.J., D.M., O.S., M.H.)
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Kaethner M, Epping K, Bernthaler P, Rudolf K, Thomann I, Leitschuh N, Bergmann M, Spiliotis M, Koziol U, Brehm K. Transforming growth factor-β signalling regulates protoscolex formation in the Echinococcus multilocularis metacestode. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1153117. [PMID: 37033489 PMCID: PMC10073696 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1153117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The lethal zoonosis alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by tumor-like, infiltrative growth of the metacestode larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. We previously showed that the metacestode is composed of posteriorized tissue and that the production of the subsequent larval stage, the protoscolex, depends on re-establishment of anterior identities within the metacestode germinative layer. It is, however, unclear so far how protoscolex differentiation in Echinococcus is regulated. We herein characterized the full complement of E. multilocularis TGFβ/BMP receptors, which is composed of one type II and three type I receptor serine/threonine kinases. Functional analyzes showed that all Echinococcus TGFβ/BMP receptors are enzymatically active and respond to host derived TGFβ/BMP ligands for activating downstream Smad transcription factors. In situ hybridization experiments demonstrated that the Echinococcus TGFβ/BMP receptors are mainly expressed by nerve and muscle cells within the germinative layer and in developing brood capsules. Interestingly, the production of brood capsules, which later give rise to protoscoleces, was strongly suppressed in the presence of inhibitors directed against TGFβ/BMP receptors, whereas protoscolex differentiation was accelerated in response to host BMP2 and TGFβ. Apart from being responsive to host TGFβ/BMP ligands, protoscolex production also correlated with the expression of a parasite-derived TGFβ-like ligand, EmACT, which is expressed in early brood capsules and which is strongly expressed in anterior domains during protoscolex development. Taken together, these data indicate an important role of TGFβ/BMP signalling in Echinococcus anterior pole formation and protoscolex development. Since TGFβ is accumulating around metacestode lesions at later stages of the infection, the host immune response could thus serve as a signal by which the parasite senses the time point at which protoscoleces must be produced. Overall, our data shed new light on molecular mechanisms of host-parasite interaction during AE and are relevant for the development of novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Kaethner
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Epping
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Bernthaler
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kilian Rudolf
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Irena Thomann
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Leitschuh
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Technology, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | - Monika Bergmann
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Spiliotis
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uriel Koziol
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Klaus Brehm
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Tindle C, Katkar GD, Fonseca AG, Taheri S, Lee J, Maity P, Sayed IM, Ibeawuchi SR, Vidales E, Pranadinata RF, Fuller M, Stec DL, Anandachar MS, Perry K, Le HN, Ear J, Boland BS, Sandborn WJ, Sahoo D, Das S, Ghosh P. A Living Organoid Biobank of Crohn's Disease Patients Reveals Molecular Subtypes for Personalized Therapeutics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.11.532245. [PMID: 36993763 PMCID: PMC10054961 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.11.532245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a complex, clinically heterogeneous disease of multifactorial origin; there is no perfect pre-clinical model, little insight into the basis for such heterogeneity, and still no cure. To address these unmet needs, we sought to explore the translational potential of adult stem cell-derived organoids that not only retain their tissue identity, but also their genetic and epigenetic disease-driving traits. We prospectively created a biobank of CD patient-derived organoid cultures (PDOs) using biopsied tissues from colons of 34 consecutive subjects representing all clinical subtypes (Montreal Classification B1-B3 and perianal disease). PDOs were generated also from healthy subjects. Comparative gene expression analyses enabled benchmarking of PDOs as tools for modeling the colonic epithelium in active disease and revealed that despite the clinical heterogeneity there are two major molecular subtypes: immune-deficient infectious-CD [IDICD] and stress and senescence-induced fibrostenotic-CD [S2FCD]. The transcriptome, genome and phenome show a surprising degree of internal consistency within each molecular subtype. The spectrum of morphometric, phenotypic, and functional changes within the "living biobank" reveals distinct differences between the molecular subtypes. These insights enabled drug screens that reversed subtype-specific phenotypes, e.g., impaired microbial clearance in IDICD was reversed using agonists for nuclear receptors, and senescence in S2FCD was rectified using senotherapeutics, but not vice versa . Phenotyped-genotyped CD-PDOs may fill the gap between basic biology and patient trials by enabling pre-clinical Phase '0' human trials for personalized therapeutics. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT In Brief This work creates a prospectively biobanked phenotyped-genotyped Crohn's disease patient-derived organoids (CD-PDOs) as platforms for molecular subtyping of disease and for ushering personalized therapeutics. HIGHLIGHTS Prospectively biobanked CD-organoids recapitulate the disease epithelium in patientsThe phenome-transcriptome-genome of CD-organoids converge on two molecular subtypesOne subtype shows impaired microbial clearance, another increased cellular senescencePhenotyped-genotyped PDOs are then used for integrative and personalized therapeutics.
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23
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Pang R, Dong L, Liu J, Ji X, Zhuang H, Duan M. The study on role of endothelial cell autophagy in rats with sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13796. [PMID: 36873534 PMCID: PMC9976300 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis often causes acute kidney injury (AKI). Autophagy of renal tubular epithelial cells is considered a cytoprotective mechanism in septic AKI; however, the role of autophagy of renal endothelial cells is uninvestigated. The current study examined whether autophagy was induced by sepsis in renal endothelial cells and whether induction of autophagy in these cells attenuated the degree of AKI. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was used as a model of sepsis in rats. Four experimental groups included: sham, CLP alone, CLP + rapamycin (RAPA), and CLP + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), where RAPA was used as an activator of autophagy. CLP increased renal LC3-II protein levels with an additional transient increase by RAPA at 18 h. In addition, CLP induced autophagosome formation in renal endothelial cells had an additional increase induced by RAPA. Interestingly, the levels of bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI), an endothelial cell-specific protein in the kidney, were also increased by CLP, albeit it was transiently downregulated by RAPA at 18 h. Serum thrombomodulin increased and renal vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin decreased following CLP, and these changes were attenuated by RAPA. The renal cortex exhibited and inflammatory tissue damage after CLP, and RAPA alleviated these histopathological injuries. The current findings indicate that autophagy was induced by sepsis in renal endothelial cells, and upregulation of autophagy in these cells alleviated endothelial injury and AKI. In addition, BAMBI was induced by sepsis in the kidney, which may play a role in regulating endothelial stability in septic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Pang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Ji
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haizhou Zhuang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meili Duan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Osorio MJ, Mariani JN, Zou L, Schanz SJ, Heffernan K, Cornwell A, Goldman SA. Glial progenitor cells of the adult human white and grey matter are contextually distinct. Glia 2023; 71:524-540. [PMID: 36334067 PMCID: PMC10100527 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Genomic analyses have revealed heterogeneity among glial progenitor cells (GPCs), but the compartment selectivity of human GPCs (hGPCs) is unclear. Here, we asked if GPCs of human grey and white brain matter are distinct in their architecture and associated gene expression. RNA profiling of NG2-defined hGPCs derived from adult human neocortex and white matter differed in their expression of genes involved in Wnt, NOTCH, BMP and TGFβ signaling, suggesting compartment-selective biases in fate and self-renewal. White matter hGPCs over-expressed the BMP antagonists BAMBI and CHRDL1, suggesting their tonic suppression of astrocytic fate relative to cortical hGPCs, whose relative enrichment of cytoskeletal genes presaged their greater morphological complexity. In human glial chimeric mice, cortical hGPCs assumed larger and more complex morphologies than white matter hGPCs, and both were more complex than their mouse counterparts. These findings suggest that human grey and white matter GPCs comprise context-specific pools with distinct functional biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Joana Osorio
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.,Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John N Mariani
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Lisa Zou
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Steven J Schanz
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Kate Heffernan
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Adam Cornwell
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Steven A Goldman
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.,Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Expression and Function of BMP and Activin Membrane-Bound Inhibitor (BAMBI) in Chronic Liver Diseases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043473. [PMID: 36834884 PMCID: PMC9964332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BAMBI (bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor) is a transmembrane pseudoreceptor structurally related to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β type 1 receptors (TGF-β1Rs). BAMBI lacks a kinase domain and functions as a TGF-β1R antagonist. Essential processes such as cell differentiation and proliferation are regulated by TGF-β1R signaling. TGF-β is the best-studied ligand of TGF-βRs and has an eminent role in inflammation and fibrogenesis. Liver fibrosis is the end stage of almost all chronic liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and at the moment, there is no effective anti-fibrotic therapy available. Hepatic BAMBI is downregulated in rodent models of liver injury and in the fibrotic liver of patients, suggesting that low BAMBI has a role in liver fibrosis. Experimental evidence convincingly demonstrated that BAMBI overexpression is able to protect against liver fibrosis. Chronic liver diseases have a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and BAMBI was shown to exert tumor-promoting as well as tumor-protective functions. This review article aims to summarize relevant studies on hepatic BAMBI expression and its role in chronic liver diseases and HCC.
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Mwaura AN, Riaz MA, Maoga JB, Mecha E, Omwandho COA, Scheiner-Bobis G, Meinhold-Heerlein I, Konrad L. Activin A Modulates Betaglycan Shedding via the ALK4-SMAD3-Dependent Pathway in Endometriotic Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121749. [PMID: 36551177 PMCID: PMC9776114 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The TGF-β superfamily members, activins and inhibins, are mainly involved in cell proliferation, cell survival, invasion, immune surveillance, and lesion growth in endometriosis. Herein, we investigated the modulation of the TGF-β type III receptor (betaglycan or BG) by activin A and inhibin A in endometriosis in vitro. Often, BG undergoes ectodomain shedding releasing soluble BG (sBG) which frequently antagonizes TGF-β signaling. The effects of activin A on BG shedding and signaling pathways involved were evaluated with the inhibitors LY364947 and SIS3, siRNA knockdown in human endometrial cells (12Z, THESC, Ishikawa, and primary stromal cells) and were quantified with BG ELISAs. The effects of activin A and inhibin A on the secretion of MMP2 and MMP3 were analyzed using ELISAs. The effects of activin A on the BG expression were analyzed using RT-qPCR and western blot. The CCK-8 and BrdU assays were used to evaluate the effects of the recombinant BG on cell viability and proliferation. Activin A stimulation resulted in a significant time- and dose-dependent reduction in BG shedding, which was found to be activin A/ALK-4/SMAD3- but not SMAD2-dependent. Activin A increased the BG mRNA expression but had no effect on the protein expression. Likewise, inhibin A was found to block BG shedding. Activin A, but not inhibin A, significantly enhanced the secretion of MMP2 and MMP3. The recombinant BG had no effect on the viability and proliferation of endometriotic cells. Together, these observations support a novel role for activin A with BG in modulating the TGF-β superfamily ligands in endometrial cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes N. Mwaura
- Faculty of Medicine, Center of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Muhammad A. Riaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Center of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jane B. Maoga
- Faculty of Medicine, Center of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ezekiel Mecha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-00100, Kenya
| | - Charles O. A. Omwandho
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-00100, Kenya
- Department of Health Sciences, Kirinyaga University, Kerugoya P.O. Box 143-10300, Kenya
| | - Georgios Scheiner-Bobis
- Institute for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein
- Faculty of Medicine, Center of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Lutz Konrad
- Faculty of Medicine, Center of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-641-985-45282; Fax: +49-641-985-45258
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Hoang NTD, Hassan G, Suehiro T, Mine Y, Matsuki T, Fujii M. BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor regulate connective tissue growth factor controlling mesothelioma cell proliferation. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:984. [PMID: 36109807 PMCID: PMC9479400 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive mesothelial cell cancer type linked mainly to asbestos inhalation. MM characterizes by rapid progression and resistance to standard therapeutic modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Our previous studies have suggested that tumor cell-derived connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) regulates the proliferation of MM cells as well as the tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. Methods In this study, we knock downed the bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) and CTGF in MM cells and investigated the relationship between both and their impact on the cell cycle and cell proliferation. Results The knockdown of CTGF or BAMBI reduced MM cell proliferation. In contrast to CTGF knockdown which decreased BAMBI, knockdown of BAMBI increased CTGF levels. Knockdown of either BAMBI or CTGF reduced expression of the cell cycle regulators; cyclin D3, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2, and CDK4. Further, in silico analysis revealed that higher BAMBI expression was associated with shorter overall survival rates among MM patients. Conclusions Our findings suggest that BAMBI is regulated by CTGF promoting mesothelioma growth by driving cell cycle progression. Therefore, the crosstalk between BAMBI and CTGF may be an effective therapeutic target for MM treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10080-x.
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Michiue T, Tsukano K. Feedback Regulation of Signaling Pathways for Precise Pre-Placodal Ectoderm Formation in Vertebrate Embryos. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10030035. [PMID: 36135368 PMCID: PMC9504399 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular signaling pathways are essential to establish embryonic patterning, including embryonic axis formation. Ectodermal patterning is also governed by a series of morphogens. Four ectodermal regions are thought to be controlled by morphogen gradients, but some perturbations are expected to occur during dynamic morphogenetic movement. Therefore, a mechanism to define areas precisely and reproducibly in embryos, including feedback regulation of signaling pathways, is necessary. In this review, we outline ectoderm pattern formation and signaling pathways involved in the establishment of the pre-placodal ectoderm (PPE). We also provide an example of feedback regulation of signaling pathways for robust formation of the PPE, showing the importance of this regulation.
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Peng Z, Mai Z, Xiao F, Liu G, Wang Y, Xie S, Ai H. MiR-20a: a mechanosensitive microRNA that regulates fluid shear stress-mediated osteogenic differentiation via the BMP2 signaling pathway by targeting BAMBI and SMAD6. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:683. [PMID: 35845505 PMCID: PMC9279817 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-2753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of diverse biological and pathological processes. This study aimed to investigate the role of microRNA 20a (miR-20a) in fluid shear stress (FSS)-mediated osteogenic differentiation. Methods In the present study, we subjected osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells or mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) to single bout short duration FSS (12 dyn/cm2 for 1 hour) using a parallel plate flow system. The expression of miR-20a was quantified by miRNA array profiling and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) during FSS-mediated osteogenic differentiation. The expression of osteogenic differentiation markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and SP7 transcription factor (SP7) was detected. Bioinformatics analysis and a luciferase assay were performed to confirm the potential targets of miR-20a. Results Osteoblast-expressed miR-20a is sensitive to the mechanical environments of FSS, which are differentially up-regulated during steady FSS-mediated osteogenic differentiation. MiR-20a enhances FSS-induced osteoblast differentiation by activating the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) signaling pathway. Both BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) and mothers against decapentaplegic family member 6 (SMAD6) are targets of miR-20a that negatively regulate the BMP2 signaling pathway. Conclusions MiR-20a is a novel mechanosensitive miRNA that can enhance osteoblast differentiation in FSS mechanical environments, implying that this miRNA might be a target for bone tissue engineering and orthodontic bone remodeling for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuli Peng
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Mai
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanqi Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Xie
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Ai
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Tong KL, Tan KE, Lim YY, Tien XY, Wong PF. CircRNA-miRNA interactions in atherogenesis. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2703-2733. [PMID: 35604519 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) which includes unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. The onset of atherogenesis, a process of atherosclerotic lesion formation in the intima of arteries, is driven by lipid accumulation, a vicious cycle of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions leading to endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activation, and foam cell formation which further fuel plaque formation and destabilization. In recent years, there is a surge in the number of publications reporting the involvement of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and metabolic syndromes. These studies have advanced our understanding on the biological functions of circRNAs. One of the most common mechanism of action of circRNAs reported is the sponging of microRNAs (miRNAs) by binding to the miRNAs response element (MRE), thereby indirectly increases the transcription of their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Individual networks of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA associated with atherogenesis have been extensively reported, however, there is a need to connect these findings for a complete overview. This review aims to provide an update on atherogenesis-related circRNAs and analyze the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions in atherogenesis. The atherogenic mechanisms and clinical relevance of each atherogenesis-related circRNA were systematically discussed for better understanding of the knowledge gap in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kind-Leng Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ke-En Tan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yat-Yuen Lim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xin-Yi Tien
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Zeng B, Huang J. Progress in the Study of Non-Coding RNAs in Multidifferentiation Potential of Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Genet 2022; 13:854285. [PMID: 35480302 PMCID: PMC9037064 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.854285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, the desire for tissue regeneration has never been quenched. Dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs), with the potential of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation, have attracted much attention in this topic. Growing evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can activate various regulatory processes. Even with a slight decrease or increase in expression, ncRNAs can weaken or even subvert cellular fate. Therefore, a systematic interpretation of ncRNAs that guide the differentiation of DMSCs into cells of other tissue types is urgently needed. In this review, we introduce the roles of ncRNAs in the differentiation of DMSCs, such as osteogenic differentiation, odontogenic differentiation, neurogenic differentiation, angiogenic differentiation and myogenic differentiation. Additionally, we illustrate the regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs in the differentiation of DMSCs, such as epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation, mRNA modulation, miRNA sponges and signalling. Finally, we summarize the types and mechanisms of ncRNAs in the differentiation of DMSCs, such as let-7 family, miR-17∼92 family, miR-21, lncRNA H19, lncRNA ANCR, lncRNA MEG3, circRNA CDR1as and CircRNA SIPA1L1. If revealing the intricate relationship between ncRNAs and pluripotency of DMSCs 1 day, the application of DMSCs in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering will be improved. Our work could be an important stepping stone towards this future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyun Zeng
- Department of Oral Pathology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junhui Huang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Karademir D, Todorova V, Ebner LJA, Samardzija M, Grimm C. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the retina in a model of retinitis pigmentosa reveals early responses to degeneration in rods and cones. BMC Biol 2022; 20:86. [PMID: 35413909 PMCID: PMC9006580 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In inherited retinal disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), rod photoreceptor-specific mutations cause primary rod degeneration that is followed by secondary cone death and loss of high-acuity vision. Mechanistic studies of retinal degeneration are challenging because of retinal heterogeneity. Moreover, the detection of early cone responses to rod death is especially difficult due to the paucity of cones in the retina. To resolve heterogeneity in the degenerating retina and investigate events in both types of photoreceptors during primary rod degeneration, we utilized droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing in an RP mouse model, rd10. Results Using trajectory analysis, we defined two consecutive phases of rod degeneration at P21, characterized by the early transient upregulation of Egr1 and the later induction of Cebpd. EGR1 was the transcription factor most significantly associated with the promoters of differentially regulated genes in Egr1-positive rods in silico. Silencing Egr1 affected the expression levels of two of these genes in vitro. Degenerating rods exhibited changes associated with metabolism, neuroprotection, and modifications to synapses and microtubules. Egr1 was also the most strongly upregulated transcript in cones. Its upregulation in cones accompanied potential early respiratory dysfunction and changes in signaling pathways. The expression pattern of EGR1 in the retina was dynamic during degeneration, with a transient increase of EGR1 immunoreactivity in both rods and cones during the early stages of their degenerative processes. Conclusion Our results identify early and late changes in degenerating rd10 rod photoreceptors and reveal early responses to rod degeneration in cones not expressing the disease-causing mutation, pointing to mechanisms relevant for secondary cone degeneration. In addition, our data implicate EGR1 as a potential key regulator of early degenerative events in rods and cones, providing a potential broad target for modulating photoreceptor degeneration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01280-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Karademir
- Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Vyara Todorova
- Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lynn J A Ebner
- Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marijana Samardzija
- Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Grimm
- Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Bramel EE, Creamer TJ, Saqib M, Camejo Nunez WA, Bagirzadeh R, Roker LA, Goff LA, MacFarlane EG. Postnatal Smad3 Inactivation in Murine Smooth Muscle Cells Elicits a Temporally and Regionally Distinct Transcriptional Response. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:826495. [PMID: 35463747 PMCID: PMC9033237 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.826495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous, loss of function mutations in positive regulators of the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) pathway cause hereditary forms of thoracic aortic aneurysm. It is unclear whether and how the initial signaling deficiency triggers secondary signaling upregulation in the remaining functional branches of the pathway, and if this contributes to maladaptive vascular remodeling. To examine this process in a mouse model in which time-controlled, partial interference with postnatal TGF-β signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) could be assessed, we used a VSMC-specific tamoxifen-inducible system, and a conditional allele, to inactivate Smad3 at 6 weeks of age, after completion of perinatal aortic development. This intervention induced dilation and histological abnormalities in the aortic root, with minor involvement of the ascending aorta. To analyze early and late events associated with disease progression, we performed a comparative single cell transcriptomic analysis at 10- and 18-weeks post-deletion, when aortic dilation is undetectable and moderate, respectively. At the early time-point, Smad3-inactivation resulted in a broad reduction in the expression of extracellular matrix components and critical components of focal adhesions, including integrins and anchoring proteins, which was reflected histologically by loss of connections between VSMCs and elastic lamellae. At the later time point, however, expression of several transcripts belonging to the same functional categories was normalized or even upregulated; this occurred in association with upregulation of transcripts coding for TGF-β ligands, and persistent downregulation of negative regulators of the pathway. To interrogate how VSMC heterogeneity may influence this transition, we examined transcriptional changes in each of the four VSMC subclusters identified, regardless of genotype, as partly reflecting the proximal-to-distal anatomic location based on in situ RNA hybridization. The response to Smad3-deficiency varied depending on subset, and VSMC subsets over-represented in the aortic root, the site most vulnerable to dilation, most prominently upregulated TGF-β ligands and pro-pathogenic factors such as thrombospondin-1, angiotensin converting enzyme, and pro-inflammatory mediators. These data suggest that Smad3 is required for maintenance of focal adhesions, and that loss of contacts with the extracellular matrix has consequences specific to each VSMC subset, possibly contributing to the regional susceptibility to dilation in the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Bramel
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Predoctoral Training in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tyler J. Creamer
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Muzna Saqib
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wendy A. Camejo Nunez
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Predoctoral Training in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rustam Bagirzadeh
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - LaToya Ann Roker
- School of Medicine Microscope Facility, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Loyal A. Goff
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Elena Gallo MacFarlane
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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El-Tantawy WH, Temraz A. Anti-fibrotic activity of natural products, herbal extracts and nutritional components for prevention of liver fibrosis: review. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:382-393. [PMID: 31711319 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1684952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a grave problem worldwide, and the development of this condition is the first step towards cirrhosis. In fact, when lesions of different aetiologies chronically affect the liver, it triggers fibrogenesis, the resulting damage and the progression of fibrosis cause serious clinical influences including severe complications, expensive treatments, and death in end-stage liver disease. Although impressive progress has been reported in understanding the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, no effective agent has been developed to prevent or reverse the fibrotic process directly. This article reviews natural products, herbal medicines and nutritional components that exhibited an anti-fibrotic activity through different mechanisms of action, including suppressing of cytokine production, inhibition of hepatic stellate cells "HSCs" propagation, modulation of the molecular mechanisms leading to hepatic fibrosis, free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abeer Temraz
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy For Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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35
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Sears KE, Gullapalli K, Trivedi D, Mihas A, Bukys MA, Jensen J. Controlling neural territory patterning from pluripotency using a systems developmental biology approach. iScience 2022; 25:104133. [PMID: 35434550 PMCID: PMC9010746 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful manufacture of specialized human cells requires process understanding of directed differentiation. Here, we apply high-dimensional Design of Experiments (HD-DoE) methodology to identify critical process parameters (CPPs) that govern neural territory patterning from pluripotency—the first stage toward specification of central nervous system (CNS) cell fates. Using computerized experimental design, 7 developmental signaling pathways were simultaneously perturbed in human pluripotent stem cell culture. Regionally specific genes spanning the anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axes of the developing embryo were measured after 3 days and mathematical models describing pathway control were developed using regression analysis. High-dimensional models revealed particular combinations of signaling inputs that induce expression profiles consistent with emerging CNS territories and defined CPPs for anterior and posterior neuroectoderm patterning. The results demonstrate the importance of combinatorial control during neural induction and challenge the use of generic neural induction strategies such as dual-SMAD inhibition, when seeking to specify particular lineages from pluripotency. Mathematical models describe pathway control of neuroectoderm marker expression Stage 1 media conditions optimized for regionally specific neuroectoderm in 3 days Optimized conditions are more consistent than dual-SMADi across hiPSC lines
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Evo-Devo of Urbilateria and its larval forms. Dev Biol 2022; 487:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sherman EJ, Mirabelli C, Tang VT, Khan TG, Leix K, Kennedy AA, Graham SE, Willer CJ, Tai AW, Sexton JZ, Wobus CE, Emmer BT. Identification of cell type specific ACE2 modifiers by CRISPR screening. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010377. [PMID: 35231079 PMCID: PMC8929698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection is initiated by binding of the viral spike protein to its receptor, ACE2, on the surface of host cells. ACE2 expression is heterogeneous both in vivo and in immortalized cell lines, but the molecular pathways that govern ACE2 expression remain unclear. We now report high-throughput CRISPR screens for functional modifiers of ACE2 surface abundance. In liver-derived HuH7 cells, we identified 35 genes whose disruption was associated with a change in the surface abundance of ACE2. Enriched among these ACE2 regulators were established transcription factors, epigenetic regulators, and functional networks. We further characterized individual HuH7 cell lines with disruption of SMAD4, EP300, PIAS1, or BAMBI and found these genes to regulate ACE2 at the mRNA level and to influence cellular susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Orthogonal screening of lung-derived Calu-3 cells revealed a distinct set of ACE2 modifiers comprised of ACE2, KDM6A, MOGS, GPAA1, and UGP2. Collectively, our findings clarify the host factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 entry, highlight the cell type specificity of ACE2 regulatory networks, and suggest potential targets for therapeutic development. The amount of ACE2 on the surface of human cells is an important determinant of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the molecular pathways that regulate ACE2 remain poorly understood. Identification of these pathways may clarify host factors involved in COVID-19 outcomes and offer targets for therapeutic development. ACE2-targeted therapies may furthermore be less susceptible than viral spike-targeted therapies to evasion by SARS-CoV-2 variants. To systematically identify regulators of human ACE2, we therefore performed high-throughput CRISPR screening for modifiers of ACE2 surface abundance in HuH7 liver-derived and Calu-3 lung-derived cell lines. Unexpectedly, aside from ACE2 itself, we identified distinct sets of ACE2 modifiers in either cell line. For a subset of ACE2 regulators, we validated their functional effect on ACE2, confirmed their relevance to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and clarified their level of regulation. Our findings demonstrate the important influence of cell type on investigations of SARS-CoV-2 infection and nominate candidate pathways for ACE2-targeted therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Sherman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Carmen Mirabelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Vi T. Tang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Taslima G. Khan
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Chemical Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kyle Leix
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Andrew A. Kennedy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Graham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Cristen J. Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Andrew W. Tai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Z. Sexton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Christiane E. Wobus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Brian T. Emmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hong Q, Cai H, Zhang L, Li Z, Zhong F, Ni Z, Cai G, Chen XM, He JC, Lee K. Modulation of transforming growth factor-β-induced kidney fibrosis by leucine-rich ⍺-2 glycoprotein-1. Kidney Int 2022; 101:299-314. [PMID: 34774561 PMCID: PMC8792236 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is considered the final convergent pathway for progressive chronic kidney diseases, but there is still a paucity of success in clinical application for effective therapy. We recently demonstrated that the expression of secreted leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein-1 (LRG1) is associated with worsened kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and that LRG1 enhances endothelial transforming growth factor-β signaling to promote diabetic kidney disease progression. While the increased expression of LRG1 was most prominent in the glomerular endothelial cells in diabetic kidneys, its increase was also observed in the tubulointerstitial compartment. Here, we explored the potential role of LRG1 in kidney epithelial cells and TGF-β-mediated tubulointerstitial fibrosis independent of diabetes. LRG1 expression was induced by tumor necrosis factor-α in cultured kidney epithelial cells and potentiated TGF-β/Smad3 signal transduction. Global Lrg1 loss in mice led to marked attenuation of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in models of unilateral ureteral obstruction and aristolochic acid fibrosis associated with concomitant decreases in Smad3 phosphorylation in tubule epithelial cells. In mice with kidney epithelial cell-specific LRG1 overexpression, while no significant phenotypes were observed at baseline, marked exacerbation of tubulointerstitial fibrosis was observed in the obstructed kidneys. This was associated with enhanced Smad3 phosphorylation in both kidney epithelial cells and α-smooth muscle actin-positive interstitial cells. Co-culture of kidney epithelial cells with primary kidney fibroblasts confirmed the potentiation of TGF-β-mediated Smad3 activation in kidney fibroblasts through epithelial-derived LRG1. Thus, our results indicate that enhanced LRG1 expression-induced epithelial injury is an amplifier of TGF-β signaling in autocrine and paracrine manners promoting tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Hence, therapeutic targeting of LRG1 may be an effective means to curtail kidney fibrosis progression in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Hong
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhengzhe Li
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fang Zhong
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - John Cijiang He
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Renal Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affair Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.
| | - Kyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
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Arany PR. Photobiomodulation-Activated Latent Transforming Growth Factor-β1: A Critical Clinical Therapeutic Pathway and an Endogenous Optogenetic Tool for Discovery. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:136-147. [PMID: 34905400 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The central role of the TGF-β pathway in embryonic development, immune responses, tissue healing, and malignancies is well established. Prior attempts with small molecules, peptides, and regulatory RNAs have failed mainly due to off-target effects in clinical studies. This review outlines the evidence for selectively activating the endogenous, latent transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 with photobiomodulation (PBM) treatments. Background: Light treatments play a central role in current-directed energy therapeutics in medicine. Therapeutic use of low-dose light treatments has been noted since the 1960s. However, the breadth of treatments and inconsistencies with clinical outcomes have led to much skepticism. This can be primarily attributed to a lack of understanding of the fundamental light-tissue interactions and optimization of clinical treatment protocols. Methods: Recent advances in molecular mechanisms and improved biophotonic device technologies have led to a resurgence of interest in this field. Results: Over the past two decades, our work has focused on outlining a direct molecular mechanism involving PBM-generated redox-mediated activation of endogenous latent TGF-β1. Conclusions: Despite its critical roles in these processes, the complexity and cross talk in this potent growth factor signaling network have prevented the development of directed targeted therapeutics. PBM treatments offer a novel therapeutic and discovery tool in this aspect, especially with the growing evidence for its roles in cancer immunotherapy and stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen R Arany
- Department of Oral Biology, Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Xie Y, Du D, Zhang L, Yang Y, Zou Z, Li Z, Zhou L, Shang R, Zhou P. TJ-M2010-5, A self-developed MyD88 inhibitor, attenuates liver fibrosis by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 354:109839. [PMID: 35101388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the result of most chronic inflammatory liver damage and seriously endangers human health. However, no drugs have been approved to treat this disease. Previous studies showed that the Toll-like receptors (TLRs)/myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway plays a key role in liver fibrosis. TJ-M2010-5 is a self-developed small molecule MyD88 inhibitor, which has been proven to have a good protective effect in a variety of inflammatory disease models. In the present study, to investigate the anti-fibrotic effect of TJ-M2010-5, mice were injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in vivo and LX2 cells (a human hepatic stellate cell line) were treated with TGF-β1 in vitro to induce liver fibrosis. In vivo studies showed that TJ-M2010-5 attenuated the CCl4-induced liver damage, collagen accumulation, and the activation of hepatic stellate cells by inhibiting the nuclear transfer of NF-κB. Moreover, in vitro experiments of LX2 cells stimulated with TGF-β1 further indicated that the NF-κB pathway is involved in the development of liver fibrosis. TJ-M2010-5 significantly inhibited the proliferation and activation of LX2 cells. In addition, TJ-M2010-5 upregulated the expression of bone morphogenetic protein and membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) in LX2 cells by blocking the activation of MyD88/NF-κB, thereby inhibiting the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and the expression of collagen I (COL1A1) induced by TGF-β1. In conclusion, this study illustrates the anti-hepatic fibrosis effect of TJ-M2010-5 and provides a new treatment method for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Xie
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dunfeng Du
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhimiao Zou
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeyang Li
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Runshi Shang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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Khalil AM, Al-Qaoud KM, Alemam IF, Okour MA. Mobile phone radiation might alter gene expression in the oral squamous epithelial cells. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Accumulating evidence has shown that radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted by mobile phones is a potential factor for DNA damage. Whether RFR affects the gene expression of human genes still requires further research. This may help in understanding the mechanisms of action of this radiation. On the assumption that expression of BAMBI and Survivin in the oral squamous epithelial cells might be modified in response to RF electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure, the current study was conducted on a group of young university student volunteers.
Results
Statistical analysis of the RT-PCR data indicated that no significant association (P value ˃ 0.05) exists between the expression of either gene, and neither the length of history nor the frequency of the phone use.
Conclusions
Although no clear RF-EMF signature on gene expression could be detected in this in this preliminary study, it is one of the few studies indicating that molecular-level changes might take place in humans in response to chronic mobile phone EMR exposure. Further investigations in this field are warranted.
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Kannan A, Cuartas J, Gangwani P, Branzei D, Gangwani L. Mutation in senataxin alters the mechanism of R-loop resolution in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 4. Brain 2022; 145:3072-3094. [PMID: 35045161 PMCID: PMC9536298 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation in the senataxin (SETX) gene causes an autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorder, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 4 (ALS4), characterized by degeneration of motor neurons, muscle weakness and atrophy. SETX is an RNA-DNA helicase that mediates resolution of co-transcriptional RNA:DNA hybrids (R-loops). The process of R-loop resolution is essential for the normal functioning of cells, including neurons. The molecular basis of ALS4 pathogenesis and the mechanism of R-loop resolution are unclear. We report that the zinc finger protein ZPR1 binds to RNA:DNA hybrids, recruits SETX onto R-loops and is critical for R-loop resolution. ZPR1 deficiency disrupts the integrity of R-loop resolution complexes containing SETX and causes increased R-loop accumulation throughout gene transcription. We uncover that SETX is a downstream target of ZPR1 and that overexpression of ZPR1 can rescue R-loop resolution complexe assembly in SETX-deficient cells but not vice versa. To uncover the mechanism of R-loop resolution, we examined the function of SETX-ZPR1 complexes using two genetic motor neuron disease models with altered R-loop resolution. Notably, chronic low levels of SETX-ZPR1 complexes onto R-loops result in a decrease of R-loop resolution activity causing an increase in R-loop levels in spinal muscular atrophy. ZPR1 overexpression increases recruitment of SETX onto R-loops, decreases R-loops and rescues the spinal muscular atrophy phenotype in motor neurons and patient cells. Strikingly, interaction of SETX with ZPR1 is disrupted in ALS4 patients that have heterozygous SETX (L389S) mutation. ZPR1 fails to recruit the mutant SETX homodimer but recruits the heterodimer with partially disrupted interaction between SETX and ZPR1. Interestingly, disruption of SETX-ZPR1 complexes causes increase in R-loop resolution activity leading to fewer R-loops in ALS4. Modulation of ZPR1 levels regulates R-loop accumulation and rescues the pathogenic R-loop phenotype in ALS4 patient cells. These findings originate a new concept, ‘opposite alterations in a cell biological activity (R-loop resolution) result in similar pathogenesis (neurodegeneration) in different genetic motor neuron disorders’. We propose that ZPR1 collaborates with SETX and may function as a molecular brake to regulate SETX-dependent R-loop resolution activity critical for the normal functioning of motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapoorna Kannan
- Center of Emphasis in Neurosciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79905, USA
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79905, USA
| | - Juliana Cuartas
- Center of Emphasis in Neurosciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79905, USA
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79905, USA
| | - Pratik Gangwani
- Automated Driving Compute System Architecture, GM Global Technical Center - Sloan Engineering Center, Warren, Michigan 48092, USA
| | - Dana Branzei
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, IFOM Foundation, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laxman Gangwani
- Center of Emphasis in Neurosciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79905, USA
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79905, USA
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Yan Y, Wang Q. BMP Signaling: Lighting up the Way for Embryonic Dorsoventral Patterning. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:799772. [PMID: 35036406 PMCID: PMC8753366 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.799772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most significant events during early embryonic development is the establishment of a basic embryonic body plan, which is defined by anteroposterior, dorsoventral (DV), and left-right axes. It is well-known that the morphogen gradient created by BMP signaling activity is crucial for DV axis patterning across a diverse set of vertebrates. The regulation of BMP signaling during DV patterning has been strongly conserved across evolution. This is a remarkable regulatory and evolutionary feat, as the BMP gradient has been maintained despite the tremendous variation in embryonic size and shape across species. Interestingly, the embryonic DV axis exhibits robust stability, even in face of variations in BMP signaling. Multiple lines of genetic, molecular, and embryological evidence have suggested that numerous BMP signaling components and their attendant regulators act in concert to shape the developing DV axis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the function and regulation of BMP signaling in DV patterning. Throughout, we focus specifically on popular model animals, such as Xenopus and zebrafish, highlighting the similarities and differences of the regulatory networks between species. We also review recent advances regarding the molecular nature of DV patterning, including the initiation of the DV axis, the formation of the BMP gradient, and the regulatory molecular mechanisms behind BMP signaling during the establishment of the DV axis. Collectively, this review will help clarify our current understanding of the molecular nature of DV axis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Pawlak JB, Blobe GC. TGF-β superfamily co-receptors in cancer. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:137-163. [PMID: 33797167 PMCID: PMC8484463 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling via their cognate receptors is frequently modified by TGF-β superfamily co-receptors. Signaling through SMAD-mediated pathways may be enhanced or depressed depending on the specific co-receptor and cell context. This dynamic effect on signaling is further modified by the release of many of the co-receptors from the membrane to generate soluble forms that are often antagonistic to the membrane-bound receptors. The co-receptors discussed here include TβRIII (betaglycan), endoglin, BAMBI, CD109, SCUBE proteins, neuropilins, Cripto-1, MuSK, and RGMs. Dysregulation of these co-receptors can lead to altered TGF-β superfamily signaling that contributes to the pathophysiology of many cancers through regulation of growth, metastatic potential, and the tumor microenvironment. Here we describe the role of several TGF-β superfamily co-receptors on TGF-β superfamily signaling and the impact on cellular and physiological functions with a particular focus on cancer, including a discussion on recent pharmacological advances and potential clinical applications targeting these co-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerard C. Blobe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center,Corresponding author: Gerard Blobe, B354 LSRC, Box 91004 DUMC, Durham, NC 27708, , 919-668-1352
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Moody SC, Whiley PAF, Western PS, Loveland KL. The Impact of Activin A on Fetal Gonocytes: Chronic Versus Acute Exposure Outcomes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:896747. [PMID: 35721752 PMCID: PMC9205402 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.896747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin A, a TGFβ superfamily member, is important for normal testis development through its actions on Sertoli cell development. Our analyses of altered activin A mouse models indicated gonocyte abnormalities, implicating activin A as a key determinant of early germline formation. Whether it acts directly or indirectly on germ cells is not understood. In humans, the fetal testis may be exposed to abnormally elevated activin A levels during preeclampsia, maternal infections, or following ingestion of certain medications. We hypothesized that this may impact fetal testis development and ultimately affect adult fertility. Germ cells from two mouse models of altered activin bioactivity were analysed. RNA-Seq of gonocytes purified from E13.5 and E15.5 Inhba KO mice (activin A subunit knockout) identified 46 and 44 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) respectively, and 45 in the E13.5 Inha KO (inhibin alpha subunit knockout; increased activin A) gonocytes. To discern direct effects of altered activin bioactivity on germline transcripts, isolated E13.5 gonocytes were cultured for 24h with activin A or with the activin/Nodal/TGFβ inhibitor, SB431542. Gonocytes responded directly to altered signalling, with activin A promoting a more differentiated transcript profile (increased differentiation markers Dnmt3l, Nanos2 and Piwil4; decreased early germ cell markers Kit and Tdgf1), while SB431542 had a reciprocal effect (decreased Nanos2 and Piwil4; increased Kit). To delineate direct and indirect effects of activin A exposure on gonocytes, whole testes were cultured 48h with activin A or SB431542 and collected for histological and transcript analyses, or EdU added at the end of culture to measure germ and Sertoli cell proliferation using flow cytometry. Activin increased, and SB431542 decreased, Sertoli cell proliferation. SB431542-exposure resulted in germ cells escaping mitotic arrest. Analysis of FACS-isolated gonocytes following whole testis culture showed SB431542 increased the early germ cell marker Kit, however there was a general reduction in the impact of altered activin A bioavailability in the normal somatic cell environment. This multifaceted approach identifies a capacity for activin A to directly influence fetal germ cell development, highlighting the potential for altered activin A levels in utero to increase the risk of testicular pathologies that arise from impaired germline maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Moody
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Penny A. F. Whiley
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick S. Western
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate L. Loveland
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Kate L. Loveland,
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Mollah F, Varamini P. Overcoming Therapy Resistance and Relapse in TNBC: Emerging Technologies to Target Breast Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1921. [PMID: 34944738 PMCID: PMC8698629 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer and is the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer. Often, TNBC is not effectively treated due to the lack of specificity of conventional therapies and results in relapse and metastasis. Breast cancer-associated fibroblasts (BCAFs) are the predominant cells that reside in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and regulate tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis, and therapy resistance. BCAFs secrete a wide range of factors, including growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines, some of which have been proved to lead to a poor prognosis and clinical outcomes. This TME component has been emerging as a promising target due to its crucial role in cancer progression and chemotherapy resistance. A number of therapeutic candidates are designed to effectively target BCAFs with a focus on their tumor-promoting properties and tumor immune response. This review explores various agents targeting BCAFs in TNBC, including small molecules, nucleic acid-based agents, antibodies, proteins, and finally, nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Mollah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Pegah Varamini
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Min KD, Asakura M, Shirai M, Yamazaki S, Ito S, Fu HY, Asanuma H, Asano Y, Minamino T, Takashima S, Kitakaze M. ASB2 is a novel E3 ligase of SMAD9 required for cardiogenesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23056. [PMID: 34845242 PMCID: PMC8630118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiogenesis requires the orchestrated spatiotemporal tuning of BMP signalling upon the balance between induction and counter-acting suppression of the differentiation of the cardiac tissue. SMADs are key intracellular transducers and the selective degradation of SMADs by the ubiquitin-proteasome system is pivotal in the spatiotemporal tuning of BMP signalling. However, among three SMADs for BMP signalling, SMAD1/5/9, only the specific E3 ligase of SMAD9 remains poorly investigated. Here, we report for the first time that SMAD9, but not the other SMADs, is ubiquitylated by the E3 ligase ASB2 and targeted for proteasomal degradation. ASB2, as well as Smad9, is conserved among vertebrates. ASB2 expression was specific to the cardiac region from the very early stage of cardiac differentiation in embryogenesis of mouse. Knockdown of Asb2 in zebrafish resulted in a thinned ventricular wall and dilated ventricle, which were rescued by simultaneous knockdown of Smad9. Abundant Smad9 protein leads to dysregulated cardiac differentiation through a mechanism involving Tbx2, and the BMP signal conducted by Smad9 was downregulated under quantitative suppression of Smad9 by Asb2. Our findings demonstrate that ASB2 is the E3 ligase of SMAD9 and plays a pivotal role in cardiogenesis through regulating BMP signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Duk Min
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe- Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Masanori Asakura
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe- Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Manabu Shirai
- Department of Bioscience, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
- Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamazaki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin Ito
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe- Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Hai Ying Fu
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe- Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asanuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Asano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Minamino
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Seiji Takashima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kitakaze
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe- Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan.
- Hanwa Daini Senboku Hospital, Sakai, Osaka, Japan.
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48
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Guo P, Liu X, Zhang P, He Z, Li Z, Alini M, Richards RG, Grad S, Stoddart MJ, Zhou G, Zou X, Chan D, Tian W, Chen D, Gao M, Zhou Z, Liu S. A single-cell transcriptome of mesenchymal stromal cells to fabricate bioactive hydroxyapatite materials for bone regeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 9:281-298. [PMID: 34820571 PMCID: PMC8586438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The osteogenic microenvironment of bone-repairing materials plays a key role in accelerating bone regeneration but remains incompletely defined, which significantly limits the application of such bioactive materials. Here, the transcriptional landscapes of different osteogenic microenvironments, including three-dimensional (3D) hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds and osteogenic medium (OM), for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in vitro were mapped at single-cell resolution. Our findings suggested that an osteogenic process reminiscent of endochondral ossification occurred in HA scaffolds through sequential activation of osteogenic-related signaling pathways, along with inflammation and angiogenesis, but inhibition of adipogenesis and fibrosis. Moreover, we revealed the mechanism during OM-mediated osteogenesis involves the ZBTB16 and WNT signaling pathways. Heterogeneity of MSCs was also demonstrated. In vitro ossification of LRRC75A+ MSCs was shown to have better utilization of WNT-related ossification process, and PCDH10+ MSCs with superiority in hydroxyapatite-related osteogenic process. These findings provided further understanding of the cellular activity modulated by OM conditions and HA scaffolds, providing new insights for the improvement of osteogenic biomaterials. This atlas provides a blueprint for research on MSC heterogeneity and the osteogenic microenvironment of HA scaffolds and a database reference for the application of bioactive materials for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guo
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xizhe Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Penghui Zhang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Guangqian Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dafu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Manman Gao
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Sport Medicine, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Sport Medicine, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Corresponding author. Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shaoyu Liu
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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49
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Zhao E, Stone MR, Ren X, Guenthoer J, Smythe KS, Pulliam T, Williams SR, Uytingco CR, Taylor SEB, Nghiem P, Bielas JH, Gottardo R. Spatial transcriptomics at subspot resolution with BayesSpace. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:1375-1384. [PMID: 34083791 PMCID: PMC8763026 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-00935-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent spatial gene expression technologies enable comprehensive measurement of transcriptomic profiles while retaining spatial context. However, existing analysis methods do not address the limited resolution of the technology or use the spatial information efficiently. Here, we introduce BayesSpace, a fully Bayesian statistical method that uses the information from spatial neighborhoods for resolution enhancement of spatial transcriptomic data and for clustering analysis. We benchmark BayesSpace against current methods for spatial and non-spatial clustering and show that it improves identification of distinct intra-tissue transcriptional profiles from samples of the brain, melanoma, invasive ductal carcinoma and ovarian adenocarcinoma. Using immunohistochemistry and an in silico dataset constructed from scRNA-seq data, we show that BayesSpace resolves tissue structure that is not detectable at the original resolution and identifies transcriptional heterogeneity inaccessible to histological analysis. Our results illustrate BayesSpace's utility in facilitating the discovery of biological insights from spatial transcriptomic datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Zhao
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew R Stone
- Fred Hutch Innovation Laboratory, Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xing Ren
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jamie Guenthoer
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kimberly S Smythe
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas Pulliam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul Nghiem
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason H Bielas
- Fred Hutch Innovation Laboratory, Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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50
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Fidilio A, Grasso M, Turnaturi R, Caruso G, Spitale FM, Vicario N, Parenti R, Spoto S, Musso N, Marrazzo A, Chiechio S, Caraci F, Pasquinucci L, Parenti C. The Multimodal MOPr/DOPr Agonist LP2 Reduces Allodynia in Chronic Constriction Injured Rats by Rescue of TGF-β1 Signalling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:749365. [PMID: 34690781 PMCID: PMC8526862 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.749365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is one of the most disabling forms of chronic pain and it is characterized by hyperalgesia and allodynia linked to an aberrant processing of pain transmission and to neuroinflammation. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, which protects against neuroinflammation. It has been demonstrated that TGF-β1 and opioid receptors signalling crosstalk results in an improvement of endogenous opioid analgesia, but it is not known whether mu opioid peptide receptor (MOPr) or delta opioid peptide receptor (DOPr) agonists can positively modulate TGF-β1 pathway. In the present study, we examined the correlation between anti-allodynic effect of LP2, a dual-target MOPr/DOPr agonist, and TGF-β1 signalling in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model. We detected a significant decrease of active TGF-β1 and of its type II receptor TGFβ-R2 levels in the spinal cord from CCI rats and a selective deficit of TGF-β1 in microglia cells both at days 11 and 21 post-ligature, as assessed by immunofluorescence analysis. LP2, when administered from the 11 days post-ligature to 21 days, was able to reduce CCI-induced mechanical allodynia by rescue of TGF-β1 and TGFβ-R2 levels. Our data suggest that the rescue of TGF-β1 signalling by dual-target MOPr/DOPr agonist LP2 could be mediated by DOPr activation in spinal microglia, thus the dual-target approach could represent a novel pharmacological approach to increase the analgesic efficacy of MOPr agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Fidilio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Grasso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Rita Turnaturi
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Maria Spitale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Spoto
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nicolò Musso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Santina Chiechio
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Lorella Pasquinucci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmela Parenti
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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