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Wang L, Si W, Yu X, Piffko A, Dou X, Ding X, Bugno J, Yang K, Wen C, Zhang L, Chen D, Huang X, Wang J, Arina A, Pitroda S, Chmura SJ, He C, Liang HL, Weichselbaum R. Epitranscriptional regulation of TGF-β pseudoreceptor BAMBI by m6A/YTHDF2 drives extrinsic radioresistance. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e172919. [PMID: 38099498 PMCID: PMC10721150 DOI: 10.1172/jci172919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of TGF-β signaling serves as an extrinsic resistance mechanism that limits the potential for radiotherapy. Bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) antagonizes TGF-β signaling and is implicated in cancer progression. However, the molecular mechanisms of BAMBI regulation in immune cells and its impact on antitumor immunity after radiation have not been established. Here, we show that ionizing radiation (IR) specifically reduces BAMBI expression in immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in both murine models and humans. Mechanistically, YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA-binding protein F2 (YTHDF2) directly binds and degrades Bambi transcripts in an N6-methyladenosine-dependent (m6A-dependent) manner, and this relies on NF-κB signaling. BAMBI suppresses the tumor-infiltrating capacity and suppression function of MDSCs via inhibiting TGF-β signaling. Adeno-associated viral delivery of Bambi (AAV-Bambi) to the tumor microenvironment boosts the antitumor effects of radiotherapy and radioimmunotherapy combinations. Intriguingly, combination of AAV-Bambi and IR not only improves local tumor control, but also suppresses distant metastasis, further supporting its clinical translation potential. Our findings uncover a surprising role of BAMBI in myeloid cells, unveiling a potential therapeutic strategy for overcoming extrinsic radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Wang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wei Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianbin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andras Piffko
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xiaoyang Dou
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xingchen Ding
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jason Bugno
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- The Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics and
| | - Kaiting Yang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chuangyu Wen
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Linda Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaona Huang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jiaai Wang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ainhoa Arina
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sean Pitroda
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hua Laura Liang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ralph Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Guo N, Ni K, Luo T, Lan G, Arina A, Xu Z, Mao J, Weichselbaum RR, Spiotto M, Lin W. Reprogramming of Neutrophils as Non-canonical Antigen Presenting Cells by Radiotherapy-Radiodynamic Therapy to Facilitate Immune-Mediated Tumor Regression. ACS Nano 2021; 15:17515-17527. [PMID: 34709030 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ineffective antigen cross-presentation in the tumor microenvironment compromises the generation of antitumor immune responses. Radiotherapy-radiodynamic therapy (RT-RDT) with nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (nMOFs) induces robust adaptive immune responses despite modest activation of canonical antigen presenting dendritic cells. Here, using transplantable and autochthonous murine tumor models, we demonstrate that RT-RDT induces antitumor immune responses via early neutrophil infiltration and reprogramming. Intravenous or intratumoral injection of nMOFs recruited peripheral CD11b+Ly6G+CD11c- neutrophils into tumors. The activation of nMOFs by low-dose X-rays significantly increased the population of CD11b+Ly6G+CD11c+ hybrid neutrophils with upregulated expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 as well as major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. Thus, nMOF-enabled RT-RDT reshapes a favorable tumor microenvironment for antitumor immune responses by reprogramming tumor-infiltrating neutrophils to function as non-canonical antigen presenting cells for effective cross-presentation of tumor antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nining Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kaiyuan Ni
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Taokun Luo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangxu Lan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ainhoa Arina
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ziwan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jianming Mao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michael Spiotto
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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3
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Hou Y, Liang HL, Yu X, Liu Z, Cao X, Rao E, Huang X, Wang L, Li L, Bugno J, Fu Y, Chmura SJ, Wu W, Luo SZ, Zheng W, Arina A, Jutzy J, McCall AR, Vokes EE, Pitroda SP, Fu YX, Weichselbaum RR. Radiotherapy and immunotherapy converge on elimination of tumor-promoting erythroid progenitor cells through adaptive immunity. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/582/eabb0130. [PMID: 33627484 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-induced CD45-Ter119+CD71+ erythroid progenitor cells, termed "Ter cells," promote tumor progression by secreting artemin (ARTN), a neurotrophic peptide that activates REarranged during Transfection (RET) signaling. We demonstrate that both local tumor ionizing radiation (IR) and anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) treatment decreased tumor-induced Ter cell abundance in the mouse spleen and ARTN secretion outside the irradiation field in an interferon- and CD8+ T cell-dependent manner. Recombinant erythropoietin promoted resistance to radiotherapy or anti-PD-L1 therapies by restoring Ter cell numbers and serum ARTN concentration. Blockade of ARTN or potential ARTN signaling partners, or depletion of Ter cells augmented the antitumor effects of both IR and anti-PD-L1 therapies in mice. Analysis of samples from patients who received radioimmunotherapy demonstrated that IR-mediated reduction of Ter cells, ARTN, and GFRα3, an ARTN signaling partner, were each associated with tumor regression. Patients with melanoma who received immunotherapy exhibited favorable outcomes associated with decreased expression of GFRα3. These findings demonstrate an out-of-field, or "abscopal," effect mediated by adaptive immunity, which is induced during local tumor irradiation. This effect, in turn, governs the therapeutic effects of radiation and immunotherapy. Therefore, our results identify multiple targets to potentially improve outcomes after radiotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Hou
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi 710061, China. .,Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Hua L Liang
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Xinshuang Yu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Zhida Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwest Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Xuezhi Cao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwest Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Enyu Rao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Xiaona Huang
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Lei Li
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Jason Bugno
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yanbin Fu
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Steven J Chmura
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Sean Z Luo
- Whitney Young High School, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Ainhoa Arina
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Jessica Jutzy
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Anne R McCall
- Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Everett E Vokes
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sean P Pitroda
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwest Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
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4
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Voce DJ, Bernal GM, Cahill KE, Wu L, Mansour N, Crawley CD, Campbell PAS, Arina A, Weichselbaum RR, Yamini B. CDK1 is up-regulated by temozolomide in an NF-κB dependent manner in glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5665. [PMID: 33707466 PMCID: PMC7952566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The alkylating agent, temozolomide (TMZ), is the most commonly used chemotherapeutic for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). The anti-glioma effect of TMZ involves a complex response that includes G2-M cell cycle arrest and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) activation. While CDK1 phosphorylation is a well-described consequence of TMZ treatment, we find that TMZ also robustly induces CDK1 expression. Analysis of this pathway demonstrates that CDK1 is regulated by NF-κB via a putative κB-site in its proximal promoter. CDK1 was induced in a manner dependent on mature p50 and the atypical inhibitor κB protein, BCL-3. Treatment with TMZ induced binding of NF-κB to the κB-site as assessed by gel shift analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Examination of a CDK1 promoter-reporter demonstrated the functional relevance of the κB-site and underlined the requirement of p50 and BCL-3 for activation. Targeted knockdown of CDK1 or chemical inhibition with the selective CDK1 inhibitor, RO-3306, potentiated the cytotoxic effect of TMZ. These results identify CDK1 as an NF-κB target gene regulated by p50 and BCL-3 and suggest that targeting CDK1 may be a strategy to improve the efficacy of TMZ against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Voce
- Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Giovanna M Bernal
- Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Kirk E Cahill
- Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Longtao Wu
- Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Nassir Mansour
- Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Clayton D Crawley
- Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Paige-Ashley S Campbell
- Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Ainhoa Arina
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Bakhtiar Yamini
- Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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5
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Arina A, Gutiontov SI, Weichselbaum RR. Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy for Cancer: From "Systemic" to "Multisite". Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:2777-2782. [PMID: 32047000 PMCID: PMC10759929 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the era of cancer immunotherapy, there is significant interest in combining conventional cancer therapies, such as radiotherapy, with drugs that stimulate the immune system. The observation that ionizing radiation applied to murine tumors delays the growth of distant tumors ("abscopal effect") and that this effect is potentiated by immunostimulatory drugs, led to clinical trials in which often only one lesion is irradiated in combination with immunotherapy drugs. The results of these initial clinical trials combining radio therapy and immunotherapy show that a meaningful abscopal effect is still infrequent. Recent preclinical data suggest that preexistent intratumoral T cells can survive radiation and contribute to its therapeutic effect. In this review, we discuss possible mechanisms underlying the preclinical/clinical discrepancies regarding the abscopal effect, and we propose the irradiation of multiple or all tumor sites in combination with systemic immunotherapy as a possible avenue to increase the efficacy of radio-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Arina
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
- The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stanley I Gutiontov
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
- The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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6
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Ranoa DRE, Widau RC, Mallon S, Parekh AD, Nicolae CM, Huang X, Bolt MJ, Arina A, Parry R, Kron SJ, Moldovan GL, Khodarev NN, Weichselbaum RR. STING Promotes Homeostasis via Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Chromosomal Stability. Cancer Res 2018; 79:1465-1479. [PMID: 30482772 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Given the integral role of stimulator of interferon genes (STING, TMEM173) in the innate immune response, its loss or impairment in cancer is thought to primarily affect antitumor immunity. Here we demonstrate a role for STING in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis through regulation of the cell cycle. Depletion of STING in human and murine cancer cells and tumors resulted in increased proliferation compared with wild-type controls. Microarray analysis revealed genes involved in cell-cycle regulation are differentially expressed in STINGko compared with WT MEFs. STING-mediated regulation of the cell cycle converged on NFκB- and p53-driven activation of p21. The absence of STING led to premature activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), early onset to S-phase and mitosis, and increased chromosome instability, which was enhanced by ionizing radiation. These results suggest a pivotal role for STING in maintaining cellular homeostasis and response to genotoxic stress. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings provide clear mechanistic understanding of the role of STING in cell-cycle regulation, which may be exploited in cancer therapy because most normal cells express STING, while many tumor cells do not.See related commentary by Gius and Zhu, p. 1295.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rose E Ranoa
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ryan C Widau
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stephen Mallon
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Akash D Parekh
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Claudia M Nicolae
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaona Huang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael J Bolt
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ainhoa Arina
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Renate Parry
- Translational Medicine, Varian Medical Systems Inc., Palo Alto, California
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cellular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - George-Lucian Moldovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Nikolai N Khodarev
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. .,The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. .,The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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7
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Hou Y, Liang H, Rao E, Zheng W, Huang X, Deng L, Zhang Y, Yu X, Xu M, Mauceri H, Arina A, Weichselbaum RR, Fu YX. Non-canonical NF-κB Antagonizes STING Sensor-Mediated DNA Sensing in Radiotherapy. Immunity 2018; 49:490-503.e4. [PMID: 30170810 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The NF-κB pathway plays a crucial role in supporting tumor initiation, progression, and radioresistance of tumor cells. However, the role of the NF-κB pathway in radiation-induced anti-tumor host immunity remains unclear. Here we demonstrated that inhibiting the canonical NF-κB pathway dampened the therapeutic effect of ionizing radiation (IR), whereas non-canonical NF-κB deficiency promoted IR-induced anti-tumor immunity. Mechanistic studies revealed that non-canonical NF-κB signaling in dendritic cells (DCs) was activated by the STING sensor-dependent DNA-sensing pathway. By suppressing recruitment of the transcription factor RelA onto the Ifnb promoter, activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway resulted in decreased type I IFN expression. Administration of a specific inhibitor of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway enhanced the anti-tumor effect of IR in murine models. These findings reveal the potentially interactive roles for canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways in IR-induced STING-IFN production and provide an alternative strategy to improve cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Hou
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hua Liang
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Enyu Rao
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xiaona Huang
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Liufu Deng
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Shanghai Institute of Immunology; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xinshuang Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Helena Mauceri
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ainhoa Arina
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235-9072, USA.
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8
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Luke JJ, Lemons JM, Karrison TG, Pitroda SP, Melotek JM, Zha Y, Al-Hallaq HA, Arina A, Khodarev NN, Janisch L, Chang P, Patel JD, Fleming GF, Moroney J, Sharma MR, White JR, Ratain MJ, Gajewski TF, Weichselbaum RR, Chmura SJ. Safety and Clinical Activity of Pembrolizumab and Multisite Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:1611-1618. [PMID: 29437535 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.76.2229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) may stimulate innate and adaptive immunity to augment immunotherapy response. Multisite SBRT is an emerging paradigm for treating metastatic disease. Anti-PD-1-treatment outcomes may be improved with lower disease burden. In this context, we conducted a phase I study to evaluate the safety of pembrolizumab with multisite SBRT in patients with metastatic solid tumors. Patients and Methods Patients progressing on standard treatment received SBRT to two to four metastases. Not all metastases were targeted, and metastases > 65 mL were partially irradiated. SBRT dosing varied by site and ranged from 30 to 50 Gy in three to five fractions with predefined dose de-escalation if excess dose-limiting toxicities were observed. Pembrolizumab was initiated within 7 days after completion of SBRT. Pre- and post-SBRT biopsy specimens were analyzed in a subset of patients to quantify interferon-γ-induced gene expression. Results A total of 79 patients were enrolled; three patients did not receive any treatment and three patients only received SBRT. Patients included in the analysis were treated with SBRT and at least one cycle of pembrolizumab. Most (94.5%) of patients received SBRT to two metastases. Median follow-up for toxicity was 5.5 months (interquartile range, 3.3 to 8.1 months). Six patients experienced dose-limiting toxicities with no radiation dose reductions. In the 68 patients with imaging follow-up, the overall objective response rate was 13.2%. Median overall survival was 9.6 months (95% CI, 6.5 months to undetermined) and median progression-free survival was 3.1 months (95% CI, 2.9 to 3.4 months). Expression of interferon-γ-associated genes from post-SBRT tumor biopsy specimens significantly correlated with nonirradiated tumor response. Conclusion Multisite SBRT followed by pembrolizumab was well tolerated with acceptable toxicity. Additional studies exploring the clinical benefit and predictive biomarkers of combined multisite SBRT and PD-1-directed immunotherapy are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Luke
- Jason J. Luke, Jeffrey M. Lemons, Theodore G. Karrison, Sean P. Pitroda, James M. Melotek, Yuanyuan Zha, Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Ainhoa Arina, Nikolai N. Khodarev, Linda Janisch, Paul Chang, Jyoti D. Patel, Gini F. Fleming, John Moroney, Manish R. Sharma, Mark J. Ratain, Thomas F. Gajewski, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, and Steven J. Chmura, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Julia R. White, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jeffrey M Lemons
- Jason J. Luke, Jeffrey M. Lemons, Theodore G. Karrison, Sean P. Pitroda, James M. Melotek, Yuanyuan Zha, Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Ainhoa Arina, Nikolai N. Khodarev, Linda Janisch, Paul Chang, Jyoti D. Patel, Gini F. Fleming, John Moroney, Manish R. Sharma, Mark J. Ratain, Thomas F. Gajewski, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, and Steven J. Chmura, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Julia R. White, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Theodore G Karrison
- Jason J. Luke, Jeffrey M. Lemons, Theodore G. Karrison, Sean P. Pitroda, James M. Melotek, Yuanyuan Zha, Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Ainhoa Arina, Nikolai N. Khodarev, Linda Janisch, Paul Chang, Jyoti D. Patel, Gini F. Fleming, John Moroney, Manish R. Sharma, Mark J. Ratain, Thomas F. Gajewski, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, and Steven J. Chmura, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Julia R. White, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sean P Pitroda
- Jason J. Luke, Jeffrey M. Lemons, Theodore G. Karrison, Sean P. Pitroda, James M. Melotek, Yuanyuan Zha, Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Ainhoa Arina, Nikolai N. Khodarev, Linda Janisch, Paul Chang, Jyoti D. Patel, Gini F. Fleming, John Moroney, Manish R. Sharma, Mark J. Ratain, Thomas F. Gajewski, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, and Steven J. Chmura, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Julia R. White, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - James M Melotek
- Jason J. Luke, Jeffrey M. Lemons, Theodore G. Karrison, Sean P. Pitroda, James M. Melotek, Yuanyuan Zha, Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Ainhoa Arina, Nikolai N. Khodarev, Linda Janisch, Paul Chang, Jyoti D. Patel, Gini F. Fleming, John Moroney, Manish R. Sharma, Mark J. Ratain, Thomas F. Gajewski, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, and Steven J. Chmura, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Julia R. White, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Yuanyuan Zha
- Jason J. Luke, Jeffrey M. Lemons, Theodore G. Karrison, Sean P. Pitroda, James M. Melotek, Yuanyuan Zha, Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Ainhoa Arina, Nikolai N. Khodarev, Linda Janisch, Paul Chang, Jyoti D. Patel, Gini F. Fleming, John Moroney, Manish R. Sharma, Mark J. Ratain, Thomas F. Gajewski, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, and Steven J. Chmura, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Julia R. White, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Hania A Al-Hallaq
- Jason J. Luke, Jeffrey M. Lemons, Theodore G. Karrison, Sean P. Pitroda, James M. Melotek, Yuanyuan Zha, Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Ainhoa Arina, Nikolai N. Khodarev, Linda Janisch, Paul Chang, Jyoti D. Patel, Gini F. Fleming, John Moroney, Manish R. Sharma, Mark J. Ratain, Thomas F. Gajewski, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, and Steven J. Chmura, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Julia R. White, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ainhoa Arina
- Jason J. Luke, Jeffrey M. Lemons, Theodore G. Karrison, Sean P. Pitroda, James M. Melotek, Yuanyuan Zha, Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Ainhoa Arina, Nikolai N. Khodarev, Linda Janisch, Paul Chang, Jyoti D. Patel, Gini F. Fleming, John Moroney, Manish R. Sharma, Mark J. Ratain, Thomas F. Gajewski, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, and Steven J. Chmura, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Julia R. White, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Nikolai N Khodarev
- Jason J. Luke, Jeffrey M. Lemons, Theodore G. Karrison, Sean P. Pitroda, James M. Melotek, Yuanyuan Zha, Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Ainhoa Arina, Nikolai N. Khodarev, Linda Janisch, Paul Chang, Jyoti D. Patel, Gini F. Fleming, John Moroney, Manish R. Sharma, Mark J. Ratain, Thomas F. Gajewski, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, and Steven J. Chmura, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Julia R. White, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Linda Janisch
- Jason J. Luke, Jeffrey M. Lemons, Theodore G. Karrison, Sean P. Pitroda, James M. Melotek, Yuanyuan Zha, Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Ainhoa Arina, Nikolai N. Khodarev, Linda Janisch, Paul Chang, Jyoti D. Patel, Gini F. Fleming, John Moroney, Manish R. Sharma, Mark J. Ratain, Thomas F. Gajewski, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, and Steven J. Chmura, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Julia R. White, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Paul Chang
- Jason J. Luke, Jeffrey M. Lemons, Theodore G. Karrison, Sean P. Pitroda, James M. Melotek, Yuanyuan Zha, Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Ainhoa Arina, Nikolai N. Khodarev, Linda Janisch, Paul Chang, Jyoti D. Patel, Gini F. Fleming, John Moroney, Manish R. Sharma, Mark J. Ratain, Thomas F. Gajewski, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, and Steven J. Chmura, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Julia R. White, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jyoti D Patel
- Jason J. Luke, Jeffrey M. Lemons, Theodore G. Karrison, Sean P. Pitroda, James M. Melotek, Yuanyuan Zha, Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Ainhoa Arina, Nikolai N. Khodarev, Linda Janisch, Paul Chang, Jyoti D. Patel, Gini F. Fleming, John Moroney, Manish R. Sharma, Mark J. Ratain, Thomas F. Gajewski, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, and Steven J. Chmura, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Julia R. White, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Gini F Fleming
- Jason J. Luke, Jeffrey M. Lemons, Theodore G. Karrison, Sean P. Pitroda, James M. Melotek, Yuanyuan Zha, Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Ainhoa Arina, Nikolai N. Khodarev, Linda Janisch, Paul Chang, Jyoti D. Patel, Gini F. Fleming, John Moroney, Manish R. Sharma, Mark J. Ratain, Thomas F. Gajewski, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, and Steven J. Chmura, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Julia R. White, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - John Moroney
- Jason J. Luke, Jeffrey M. Lemons, Theodore G. Karrison, Sean P. Pitroda, James M. Melotek, Yuanyuan Zha, Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Ainhoa Arina, Nikolai N. Khodarev, Linda Janisch, Paul Chang, Jyoti D. Patel, Gini F. Fleming, John Moroney, Manish R. Sharma, Mark J. Ratain, Thomas F. Gajewski, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, and Steven J. Chmura, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Julia R. White, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Manish R Sharma
- Jason J. Luke, Jeffrey M. Lemons, Theodore G. Karrison, Sean P. Pitroda, James M. Melotek, Yuanyuan Zha, Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Ainhoa Arina, Nikolai N. Khodarev, Linda Janisch, Paul Chang, Jyoti D. Patel, Gini F. Fleming, John Moroney, Manish R. Sharma, Mark J. Ratain, Thomas F. Gajewski, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, and Steven J. Chmura, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Julia R. White, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Julia R White
- Jason J. Luke, Jeffrey M. Lemons, Theodore G. Karrison, Sean P. Pitroda, James M. Melotek, Yuanyuan Zha, Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Ainhoa Arina, Nikolai N. Khodarev, Linda Janisch, Paul Chang, Jyoti D. Patel, Gini F. Fleming, John Moroney, Manish R. Sharma, Mark J. Ratain, Thomas F. Gajewski, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, and Steven J. Chmura, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Julia R. White, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Mark J Ratain
- Jason J. Luke, Jeffrey M. Lemons, Theodore G. Karrison, Sean P. Pitroda, James M. Melotek, Yuanyuan Zha, Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Ainhoa Arina, Nikolai N. Khodarev, Linda Janisch, Paul Chang, Jyoti D. Patel, Gini F. Fleming, John Moroney, Manish R. Sharma, Mark J. Ratain, Thomas F. Gajewski, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, and Steven J. Chmura, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Julia R. White, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Thomas F Gajewski
- Jason J. Luke, Jeffrey M. Lemons, Theodore G. Karrison, Sean P. Pitroda, James M. Melotek, Yuanyuan Zha, Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Ainhoa Arina, Nikolai N. Khodarev, Linda Janisch, Paul Chang, Jyoti D. Patel, Gini F. Fleming, John Moroney, Manish R. Sharma, Mark J. Ratain, Thomas F. Gajewski, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, and Steven J. Chmura, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Julia R. White, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Jason J. Luke, Jeffrey M. Lemons, Theodore G. Karrison, Sean P. Pitroda, James M. Melotek, Yuanyuan Zha, Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Ainhoa Arina, Nikolai N. Khodarev, Linda Janisch, Paul Chang, Jyoti D. Patel, Gini F. Fleming, John Moroney, Manish R. Sharma, Mark J. Ratain, Thomas F. Gajewski, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, and Steven J. Chmura, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Julia R. White, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Steven J Chmura
- Jason J. Luke, Jeffrey M. Lemons, Theodore G. Karrison, Sean P. Pitroda, James M. Melotek, Yuanyuan Zha, Hania A. Al-Hallaq, Ainhoa Arina, Nikolai N. Khodarev, Linda Janisch, Paul Chang, Jyoti D. Patel, Gini F. Fleming, John Moroney, Manish R. Sharma, Mark J. Ratain, Thomas F. Gajewski, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, and Steven J. Chmura, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Julia R. White, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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9
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Lemons J, Luke JJ, Karrison T, Pitroda S, Melotek J, Zha Y, Al-Hallaq HA, Arina A, Janisch LA, Chang PJ, Patel JD, Fleming GF, Moroney JW, Sharma M, White JR, Ratain MJ, Gajewski T, Weichselbaum RR, Chmura SJ. Safety and clinical activity of pembrolizumab immunotherapy and multi-organ site ablative stereotactic body radiotherapy (iMOSART) in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.5_suppl.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
20 Background: Clinical responses to PD1 blockade have been linked to IFN-γ associated gene expression in the tumor microenvironment. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) can stimulate innate and adaptive immunity to potentially augment immunotherapy. Anti-PD1 treatment outcomes are improved with lower disease burden and multi-site radiation is an emerging paradigm for eradicating metastatic disease. Methods: We conducted a phase I study for patients with metastatic solid tumors who progressed on standard treatment. The primary aim was to evaluate the safety of pembrolizumab Immunotherapy with Multi-Organ Site Ablative stereotactic body Radiation Therapy (iMOSART). Two to four metastases were chosen for each patient and not all sites of disease were targeted with SBRT. Metastases > 65cc were partially irradiated. Pembrolizumab was initiated within 7 days after the final SBRT treatment. Results: 79 patients were enrolled, three patients did not receive any treatment and three patients only received SBRT. The 73 patients included in the analysis were treated with SBRT and at least 1 cycle of pembrolizumab. 94.5% of patients had two lesions treated with SBRT. Median follow-up for toxicity was 5.5 months (IQR 3.3-8.1). Six patients experienced dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) with no radiation dose reductions. RECIST overall objective response rate was 13.5% in the 68 patients with imaging follow-up. Superior control of irradiated lesions was observed compared to non-irradiated target lesions for the 52 patients with paired data (p = 0·0005) with a mean percent tumor burden change -21·7% (SD 24·3%) for irradiated lesions vs. 1·7% (SD 46·3%) for non-irradiated lesions (p = 0·0008). While abscopal response defined by 30% reduction in any single non-irradiated measurable lesion was present in 26·9% of patients, abscopal response was 13·2% when defined by 30% reduction in aggregate diameter of non-irradiated measurable lesions. Conclusions: iMOSART was well tolerated with acceptable toxicity. Further randomized studies are warranted to investigate the potential clinical benefit of this combination approach. Clinical trial information: NCT02608385.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason J. Luke
- University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Theodore Karrison
- The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Linda A. Janisch
- The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL
| | - Paul J Chang
- University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Gini F. Fleming
- University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Julia R. White
- NRG Oncology/RTOG, and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Ralph R. Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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10
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Zheng W, Skowron KB, Namm JP, Burnette B, Fernandez C, Arina A, Liang H, Spiotto MT, Posner MC, Fu YX, Weichselbaum RR. Combination of radiotherapy and vaccination overcomes checkpoint blockade resistance. Oncotarget 2018; 7:43039-43051. [PMID: 27343548 PMCID: PMC5190006 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of cancer patients respond poorly to either vaccine or checkpoint blockade, and even to the combination of both. They are often resistant to high doses of radiation therapy as well. We examined prognostic markers of immune cell infiltration in pancreatic cancer. Patients with low CD8+ T cell infiltration and high PD-L1 expression (CD8+ TloPD-L1hi) experienced poor outcomes. We developed a mouse tumor fragment model with a trackable model antigen (SIYRYYGL or SIY) to mimic CD8+ TloPD-L1hi cancers. Tumors arising from fragments contained few T cells, even after vaccination. Fragment tumors responded poorly to PD-L1 blockade, SIY vaccination or radiation individually. By contrast, local ionizing radiation coupled with vaccination increased CD8+ T cell infiltration that was associated with upregulation of CXCL10 and CCL5 chemokines in the tumor, but demonstrated modest inhibition of tumor growth. The addition of an anti-PD-L1 antibody enhanced the effector function of tumor-infiltrating T cells, leading to significantly improved tumor regression and increased survival compared to vaccination and radiation. These results indicate that sequential combination of radiation, vaccination and checkpoint blockade converts non-T cell-inflamed cancers to T cell-inflamed cancers, and mediates regression of established pancreatic tumors with an initial CD8+ TloPD-L1hi phenotype. This study has opened a new strategy for shifting “cold” to hot tumors that will respond to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zheng
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kinga B Skowron
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jukes P Namm
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Byron Burnette
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christian Fernandez
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ainhoa Arina
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael T Spiotto
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Yang-Xin Fu
- The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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11
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Kammertoens T, Friese C, Arina A, Idel C, Briesemeister D, Rothe M, Ivanov A, Szymborska A, Patone G, Kunz S, Sommermeyer D, Engels B, Leisegang M, Textor A, Fehling HJ, Fruttiger M, Lohoff M, Herrmann A, Yu H, Weichselbaum R, Uckert W, Hübner N, Gerhardt H, Beule D, Schreiber H, Blankenstein T. Tumour ischaemia by interferon-γ resembles physiological blood vessel regression. Nature 2017; 545:98-102. [PMID: 28445461 PMCID: PMC5567674 DOI: 10.1038/nature22311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The relative contribution of the effector molecules produced by T cells to tumour rejection is unclear, but interferon-γ (IFNγ) is critical in most of the analysed models. Although IFNγ can impede tumour growth by acting directly on cancer cells, it must also act on the tumour stroma for effective rejection of large, established tumours. However, which stroma cells respond to IFNγ and by which mechanism IFNγ contributes to tumour rejection through stromal targeting have remained unknown. Here we use a model of IFNγ induction and an IFNγ-GFP fusion protein in large, vascularized tumours growing in mice that express the IFNγ receptor exclusively in defined cell types. Responsiveness to IFNγ by myeloid cells and other haematopoietic cells, including T cells or fibroblasts, was not sufficient for IFNγ-induced tumour regression, whereas responsiveness of endothelial cells to IFNγ was necessary and sufficient. Intravital microscopy revealed IFNγ-induced regression of the tumour vasculature, resulting in arrest of blood flow and subsequent collapse of tumours, similar to non-haemorrhagic necrosis in ischaemia and unlike haemorrhagic necrosis induced by tumour necrosis factor. The early events of IFNγ-induced tumour ischaemia resemble non-apoptotic blood vessel regression during development, wound healing or IFNγ-mediated, pregnancy-induced remodelling of uterine arteries. A better mechanistic understanding of how solid tumours are rejected may aid the design of more effective protocols for adoptive T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kammertoens
- Institute of Immunology, Charité Campus Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Friese
- Institute of Immunology, Charité Campus Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ainhoa Arina
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Christian Idel
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Dana Briesemeister
- Institute of Immunology, Charité Campus Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Rothe
- Institute of Immunology, Charité Campus Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andranik Ivanov
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Szymborska
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giannino Patone
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Severine Kunz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Boris Engels
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Leisegang
- Institute of Immunology, Charité Campus Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Textor
- Institute of Immunology, Charité Campus Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Fruttiger
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Michael Lohoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Beckman Research Institute at the Comprehensive Cancer Center City of Hope, Los Angeles, California 91010-3000, USA
| | - Hua Yu
- Beckman Research Institute at the Comprehensive Cancer Center City of Hope, Los Angeles, California 91010-3000, USA
| | - Ralph Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Wolfgang Uckert
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Schreiber
- Institute of Immunology, Charité Campus Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Blankenstein
- Institute of Immunology, Charité Campus Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Arina A, Karrison T, Galka E, Schreiber K, Weichselbaum RR, Schreiber H. Transfer of Allogeneic CD4+ T Cells Rescues CD8+ T Cells in Anti-PD-L1-Resistant Tumors Leading to Tumor Eradication. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:127-136. [PMID: 28077434 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells can stabilize the size of solid tumors over long periods of time by exclusively recognizing antigen cross-presented on tumor stroma. However, these tumors eventually escape T-cell-mediated growth control. The aim of this study was to eradicate such persistent cancers. In our model, the SIYRYYGL antigen is expressed by cancer cells that lack the MHC-I molecule Kb needed for direct presentation, but the antigen is picked up and cross-presented by tumor stroma. A single injection of antigen-specific 2C CD8+ T cells caused long-term inhibition of tumor growth, but without further intervention, tumors started to progress after approximately 3 months. Escape was associated with reduced numbers of circulating 2C cells. Tumor-infiltrating 2C cells produced significantly less TNFα and expressed more of the "exhaustion" markers PD-1 and Tim-3 than T cells from lymphoid organs. High-dose local ionizing radiation, depletion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, infusions of additional 2C cells, and antibodies blocking PD-L1 did not prevent tumor escape. In contrast, adoptive transfer of allogeneic CD4+ T cells restored the numbers of circulating Ag-specific CD8+ T cells and their intratumoral function, resulting in tumor eradication. These CD4+ T cells had no antitumor effects in the absence of CD8+ T cells and recognized the alloantigen cross-presented on tumor stroma. CD4+ T cells might also be effective in cancer patients when PD-1/PD-L1 blockade does not rescue intratumoral CD8+ T-cell function and tumors persist. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(2); 127-36. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Arina
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Theodore Karrison
- Department of Health Studies, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eva Galka
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karin Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hans Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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13
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Ager C, Reilley M, Nicholas C, Bartkowiak T, Jaiswal A, Curran M, Albershardt TC, Bajaj A, Archer JF, Reeves RS, Ngo LY, Berglund P, ter Meulen J, Denis C, Ghadially H, Arnoux T, Chanuc F, Fuseri N, Wilkinson RW, Wagtmann N, Morel Y, Andre P, Atkins MB, Carlino MS, Ribas A, Thompson JA, Choueiri TK, Hodi FS, Hwu WJ, McDermott DF, Atkinson V, Cebon JS, Fitzharris B, Jameson MB, McNeil C, Hill AG, Mangin E, Ahamadi M, van Vugt M, van Zutphen M, Ibrahim N, Long GV, Gartrell R, Blake Z, Simoes I, Fu Y, Saito T, Qian Y, Lu Y, Saenger YM, Budhu S, De Henau O, Zappasodi R, Schlunegger K, Freimark B, Hutchins J, Barker CA, Wolchok JD, Merghoub T, Burova E, Allbritton O, Hong P, Dai J, Pei J, Liu M, Kantrowitz J, Lai V, Poueymirou W, MacDonald D, Ioffe E, Mohrs M, Olson W, Thurston G, Capasso C, Frascaro F, Carpi S, Tähtinen S, Feola S, Fusciello M, Peltonen K, Martins B, Sjöberg M, Pesonen S, Ranki T, Kyruk L, Ylösmäki E, Cerullo V, Cerignoli F, Xi B, Guenther G, Yu N, Muir L, Zhao L, Abassi 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Millar D, Speers E, Ruth N, Wong G, Thimme R, Adams D, Cobbold M, Thomas R, Hendrickx W, Al-Muftah M, Decock J, Wong MKK, Morse M, McDermott DF, Clark JI, Kaufman HL, Daniels GA, Hua H, Rao T, Dutcher JP, Kang K, Saunthararajah Y, Velcheti V, Kumar V, Anwar F, Verma A, Chheda Z, Kohanbash G, Sidney J, Okada K, Shrivastav S, Carrera DA, Liu S, Jahan N, Mueller S, Pollack IF, Carcaboso AM, Sette A, Hou Y, Okada H, Field JJ, Zeng W, Shih VFS, Law CL, Senter PD, Gardai SJ, Okeley NM, Penny SA, Abelin JG, Saeed AZ, Malaker SA, Myers PT, Shabanowitz J, Ward ST, Hunt DF, Cobbold M, Profusek P, Wood L, Shepard D, Grivas P, Kapp K, Volz B, Oswald D, Wittig B, Schmidt M, Sefrin JP, Hillringhaus L, Lifke V, Lifke A, Skaletskaya A, Ponte J, Chittenden T, Setiady Y, Valsesia-Wittmann S, Sivado E, Thomas V, El Alaoui M, Papot S, Dumontet C, Dyson M, McCafferty J, El Alaoui S, Verma A, Kumar V, Bommareddy PK, Kaufman HL, Zloza A, Kohlhapp F, Silk AW, Jhawar S, Paneque T, Bommareddy PK, Kohlhapp F, Newman J, Beltran P, Zloza A, Kaufman HL, Cao F, Hong BX, Rodriguez-Cruz T, Song XT, Gottschalk S, Calderon H, Illingworth S, Brown A, Fisher K, Seymour L, Champion B, Eriksson E, Wenthe J, Hellström AC, Paul-Wetterberg G, Loskog A, Eriksson E, Milenova I, Wenthe J, Ståhle M, Jarblad-Leja J, Ullenhag G, Dimberg A, Moreno R, Alemany R, Loskog A, Eriksson E, Milenova I, Moreno R. 31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016): part two. J Immunother Cancer 2016. [PMCID: PMC5123381 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Zheng W, Skowron KB, Namm JP, Burnette B, Fernandez C, Arina A, Liang H, Spiotto MT, Posner MC, Fu YX, Weichselbaum RR. Abstract LB-251: Radiotherapy sensitizes pancreatic cancer to immunotherapy by promoting T cell infiltration. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-lb-251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer patients often fail to respond to immunotherapy, such as vaccines or checkpoint inhibitors. It is unknown if an immune phenotype predicts the efficacy of immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer and what standard modalities are required to facilitate the response of pancreatic cancer to immunotherapy. We examined prognostic markers of immune cell infiltration in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer patients with low CD8+ T cell infiltration and high PD-L1 expression (CD8+ TloPD-L1hi) experienced worse outcomes compared to patients whose tumors demonstrate CD8+ TloPD-L1lo, CD8+ ThiPD-L1hi or CD8+ ThiPD-L1lo profiles. To understand how to improve tumor control in CD8+ TloPD-L1hi pancreatic cancers, we developed a mouse tumor fragment model with a trackable model antigen (SIYRYYGL or SIY) to mimic CD8+ TloPD-L1hi pancreatic cancers. Similar to pancreatic cancers, tumors arising from fragments contained few T cells, even after vaccination. Fragment tumors responded poorly to PD-L1 blockade, SIY vaccination or radiation as individual treatments. By contrast, local ionizing radiation coupled with vaccination increased CD8+ T cell infiltration that was associated with upregulation of CXCL10 and CCL5 chemokines in the tumor, but demonstrated modest inhibition of tumor growth. The addition of an anti-PD-L1 antibody enhanced the effector function of tumor-infiltrating T cells, leading to significantly improved tumor regression and increased survival compared to vaccination and radiation. These results indicate that combination of radiation, vaccination and checkpoint blockade could convert non-T cell-inflamed cancers to T cell-inflamed cancers, and thus effectively treat established pancreatic tumors with an initial CD8+ TloPD-L1hi phenotype. This suggests a novel immunostimulatory role for radiotherapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Citation Format: Wenxin Zheng, Kinga B. Skowron, Jukes P. Namm, Byron Burnette, Christian Fernandez, Ainhoa Arina, Hua Liang, Michael T. Spiotto, Mitchell C. Posner, Yang-Xin Fu, Ralph R. Weichselbaum. Radiotherapy sensitizes pancreatic cancer to immunotherapy by promoting T cell infiltration. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-251.
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Binder DC, Arina A, Wen F, Tu T, Zhao M, Hoffman RM, Wainwright DA, Schreiber H. Tumor relapse prevented by combining adoptive T cell therapy with Salmonella typhimurium. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1130207. [PMID: 27471609 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1130207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that therapeutic vaccination with live tumor antigen-producing Salmonella typhimurium rescues dysfunctional endogenous T cell responses and eradicates long-established tumors refractory to αCTLA-4 and αPD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor blockade. Here, we show that live intravenously injected or heat-killed (HK) intratumorally injected Salmonella typhimurium, even when not producing tumor antigen, synergize with adoptive T cell therapy to eradicate tumors. These data demonstrate that the combination of adoptive T cell transfer with the injection of live or dead Salmonella typhimurium is a promising approach for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Binder
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ainhoa Arina
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frank Wen
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tony Tu
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hans Schreiber
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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16
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Arina A, Corrales L, Bronte V. Enhancing T cell therapy by overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:54-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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17
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Leisegang M, Engels B, Schreiber K, Yew PY, Kiyotani K, Idel C, Arina A, Duraiswamy J, Weichselbaum RR, Uckert W, Nakamura Y, Schreiber H. Eradication of Large Solid Tumors by Gene Therapy with a T-Cell Receptor Targeting a Single Cancer-Specific Point Mutation. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:2734-43. [PMID: 26667491 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancers usually contain multiple unique tumor-specific antigens produced by single amino acid substitutions (AAS) and encoded by somatic nonsynonymous single nucleotide substitutions. We determined whether adoptively transferred T cells can reject large, well-established solid tumors when engineered to express a single type of T-cell receptor (TCR) that is specific for a single AAS. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN By exome and RNA sequencing of an UV-induced tumor, we identified an AAS in p68 (mp68), a co-activator of p53. This AAS seemed to be an ideal tumor-specific neoepitope because it is encoded by a trunk mutation in the primary autochthonous cancer and binds with highest affinity to the MHC. A high-avidity mp68-specific TCR was used to genetically engineer T cells as well as to generate TCR-transgenic mice for adoptive therapy. RESULTS When the neoepitope was expressed at high levels and by all cancer cells, their direct recognition sufficed to destroy intratumor vessels and eradicate large, long-established solid tumors. When the neoepitope was targeted as autochthonous antigen, T cells caused cancer regression followed by escape of antigen-negative variants. Escape could be thwarted by expressing the antigen at increased levels in all cancer cells or by combining T-cell therapy with local irradiation. Therapeutic efficacies of TCR-transduced and TCR-transgenic T cells were similar. CONCLUSIONS Gene therapy with a single TCR targeting a single AAS can eradicate large established cancer, but a uniform expression and/or sufficient levels of the targeted neoepitope or additional therapy are required to overcome tumor escape. Clin Cancer Res; 22(11); 2734-43. ©2015 AACRSee related commentary by Liu, p. 2602.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris Engels
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karin Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Illinois
| | - Poh Yin Yew
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Christian Idel
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ainhoa Arina
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wolfgang Uckert
- Molecular Cell Biology and Gene Therapy, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany. Institute of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Hans Schreiber
- Institute of Immunology, Charité, Campus Buch, Berlin, Germany. Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Illinois
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18
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Arina A, Bronte V. Myeloid-derived suppressor cell impact on endogenous and adoptively transferred T cells. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 33:120-5. [PMID: 25728992 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Novel models of autochthonous tumorigenesis and adoptive T cell therapy (ATT) are providing new clues regarding the pro-tumorigenic and immunosuppressive effects of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and their interaction with T cells. New findings are shifting the perception of the main level at which MDSC act, from direct cell-to-cell suppression to others, such as limiting T cell infiltration. Adoptively transferred, high-avidity T cells recognizing peptides with high-affinity for MHC-I eliminated large tumors. However, low-avidity T cells or low-affinity peptides resulted in failure to eradicate tumors. Manipulation of intratumoral myeloid cells improved the outcome of otherwise unsuccessful ATT. Therefore, therapeutic intervention directed at the tumor stroma might be required when using suboptimal T cells for ATT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Arina
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Verona University Hospital, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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19
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Binder DC, Engels B, Arina A, Yu P, Slauch JM, Fu YX, Karrison T, Burnette B, Idel C, Zhao M, Hoffman RM, Munn DH, Rowley DA, Schreiber H. Antigen-specific bacterial vaccine combined with anti-PD-L1 rescues dysfunctional endogenous T cells to reject long-established cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 1:123-33. [PMID: 24455752 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunogenic tumors grow progressively even when heavily infiltrated by CD8(+) T cells. We investigated how to rescue CD8(+) T cell function in long-established immunogenic melanomas that contained a high percentage of endogenous PD-1(+) tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells that were dysfunctional. Treatment with αPD-L1 and αCTLA-4 blocking antibodies did not prevent tumors from progressing rapidly. We then tested exogenous tumor-specific antigen delivery into tumors using Salmonella Typhimurium A1-R to increase antigen levels and generate a proinflammatory tumor microenvironment. Antigen-producing A1-R rescued the endogenous tumor-specific CD8(+) T cell response: proliferation was induced in the lymphoid organs and effector function was recovered in the tumor. Treatment with antigen-producing A1-R led to improved mouse survival and resulted in 32% rejection of long-established immunogenic melanomas. Following treatment with antigen-producing A1-R, the majority of tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells still expressed a high level of PD-1 in the tumor. Combining antigen-producing A1-R with αPD-L1 blocking antibody enhanced the expansion of tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells and resulted in 80% tumor rejection. Collectively, these data demonstrate a powerful new therapeutic approach to rescue dysfunctional endogenous tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells and eradicate advanced immunogenic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Binder
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 ; Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Boris Engels
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 ; Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Ainhoa Arina
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 ; Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Ping Yu
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 ; Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - James M Slauch
- Department of Microbiology and College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 ; Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Theodore Karrison
- Department of Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Byron Burnette
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Christian Idel
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 ; Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 ; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA 92111
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA 92111 ; Dept. of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103-8220
| | - David H Munn
- Georgia Health Sciences University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Donald A Rowley
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Hans Schreiber
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 ; Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 ; Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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20
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Deng L, Liang H, Xu M, Yang X, Burnette B, Arina A, Li XD, Mauceri H, Beckett M, Darga T, Huang X, Gajewski TF, Chen ZJ, Fu YX, Weichselbaum RR. STING-Dependent Cytosolic DNA Sensing Promotes Radiation-Induced Type I Interferon-Dependent Antitumor Immunity in Immunogenic Tumors. Immunity 2014; 41:843-52. [PMID: 25517616 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1331] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation-mediated tumor regression depends on type I interferon (IFN) and the adaptive immune response, but several pathways control I IFN induction. Here, we demonstrate that adaptor protein STING, but not MyD88, is required for type I IFN-dependent antitumor effects of radiation. In dendritic cells (DCs), STING was required for IFN-? induction in response to irradiated-tumor cells. The cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) mediated sensing of irradiated-tumor cells in DCs. Moreover, STING was essential for radiation-induced adaptive immune responses, which relied on type I IFN signaling on DCs. Exogenous IFN-? treatment rescued the cross-priming by cGAS or STING-deficient DCs. Accordingly, activation of STING by a second messenger cGAMP administration enhanced antitumor immunity induced by radiation. Thus radiation-mediated antitumor immunity in immunogenic tumors requires a functional cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway and suggests that cGAMP treatment might provide a new strategy to improve radiotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/genetics
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cross-Priming/immunology
- DNA/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Immunity, Innate
- Interferon-beta/biosynthesis
- Interferon-beta/immunology
- Interferon-beta/pharmacology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/genetics
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Nucleotides, Cyclic/pharmacology
- Nucleotidyltransferases/immunology
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Radiation, Ionizing
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/immunology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Xanthones/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Liufu Deng
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xuanming Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Byron Burnette
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ainhoa Arina
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Helena Mauceri
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael Beckett
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Thomas Darga
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xiaona Huang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Thomas F Gajewski
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhijian J Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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21
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Binder DC, Wen F, Arina A, Tu T, Zhao M, Hoffman RM, Schreiber H. Effect of adoptive T-cell therapy and intratumoral heat-killed bacteria on large tumors. J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.11112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Wen
- The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Tony Tu
- The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc. and University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
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22
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Arina A. Rethinking the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in adoptive T-cell therapy for cancer. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e28464. [PMID: 25050213 PMCID: PMC4063155 DOI: 10.4161/onci.28464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The expansion of cancer-induced myeloid cells is thought to be one of the main obstacles to successful immunotherapy. Nevertheless, in murine tumors undergoing immune-mediated destruction by adoptively transferred T cells, we have recently shown that such cells maintain their immunosuppressive properties. Therefore, adoptive T-cell therapy can, under certain conditions, overcome myeloid cell immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Arina
- Department of Pathology; The University of Chicago; Chicago, IL USA
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23
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Arina A, Schreiber K, Binder DC, Karrison TG, Liu RB, Schreiber H. Adoptively transferred immune T cells eradicate established tumors despite cancer-induced immune suppression. J Immunol 2013; 192:1286-93. [PMID: 24367029 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived CD11b(+)Gr1(+) suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are considered a major obstacle for effective adoptive T cell therapy. Myeloid cells suppress naive T cell proliferation ex vivo and can prevent the generation of T cell responses in vivo. We find, however, that adoptively transferred immune T cells eradicate well-established tumors in the presence of MDSCs and TAMs, which are strongly immunosuppressive ex vivo. These MDSCs and TAMs were comparable in numbers and immunosuppressive capacity among different tumor models. Longitudinal microscopy of tumors in vivo revealed that after T cell transfer, tumor vasculature and cancer cells disappeared simultaneously. During T cell-mediated tumor destruction, the tumor stroma contained abundant myeloid cells (mainly TAMs) that retained their suppressive properties. Preimmunized but not naive mice resisted immune suppression caused by an unrelated tumor burden, supporting the idea that in vivo, myeloid immunosuppressive cells can suppress naive but not memory T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Arina
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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24
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Schietinger A, Arina A, Liu RB, Wells S, Huang J, Engels B, Bindokas V, Bartkowiak T, Lee D, Herrmann A, Piston DW, Pittet MJ, Lin PC, Zal T, Schreiber H. Longitudinal confocal microscopy imaging of solid tumor destruction following adoptive T cell transfer. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e26677. [PMID: 24482750 PMCID: PMC3895414 DOI: 10.4161/onci.26677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A fluorescence-based, high-resolution imaging approach was used to visualize longitudinally the cellular events unfolding during T cell-mediated tumor destruction. The dynamic interplay of T cells, cancer cells, cancer antigen loss variants, and stromal cells-all color-coded in vivo-was analyzed in established, solid tumors that had developed behind windows implanted on the backs of mice. Events could be followed repeatedly within precisely the same tumor region-before, during and after adoptive T cell therapy-thereby enabling for the first time a longitudinal in vivo evaluation of protracted events, an analysis not possible with terminal imaging of surgically exposed tumors. T cell infiltration, stromal interactions, and vessel destruction, as well as the functional consequences thereof, including the elimination of cancer cells and cancer cell variants were studied. Minimal perivascular T cell infiltrates initiated vascular destruction inside the tumor mass eventually leading to macroscopic central tumor necrosis. Prolonged engagement of T cells with tumor antigen-crosspresenting stromal cells correlated with high IFNγ cytokine release and bystander elimination of antigen-negative cancer cells. The high-resolution, longitudinal, in vivo imaging approach described here will help to further a better mechanistic understanding of tumor eradication by T cells and other anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ainhoa Arina
- Department of Pathology; The University of Chicago; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Rebecca B Liu
- Department of Pathology; The University of Chicago; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Sam Wells
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and The Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Boris Engels
- Department of Pathology; The University of Chicago; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Vytas Bindokas
- Integrated Microscopy Core; The University of Chicago; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Todd Bartkowiak
- Department of Immunology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - David Lee
- School of Medicine; The University of Chicago; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Departments of Cancer Immunotherapeutics & Tumor Immunology; City of Hope; Duarte, CA USA
| | - David W Piston
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Mikael J Pittet
- Center for Systems Biology; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA
| | - P Charles Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology and The Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville, TN USA ; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute, NIH; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Tomasz Zal
- Department of Immunology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Hans Schreiber
- Department of Pathology; The University of Chicago; Chicago, IL USA
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25
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Schreiber K, Arina A, Engels B, Spiotto MT, Sidney J, Sette A, Karrison TG, Weichselbaum RR, Rowley DA, Schreiber H. Spleen cells from young but not old immunized mice eradicate large established cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:2526-33. [PMID: 22415314 PMCID: PMC5354938 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Solid tumors that have grown two weeks or longer in mice and have diameters larger than 1 cm are histologically indistinguishable from autochthonous human cancers. When experimental tumors reach this clinically relevant size, they are usually refractory to most immunotherapies but may be destroyed by adoptive T-cell transfer. However, TCR-transgenic T cells and/or tumor cells overexpressing antigens are frequently used in these experiments. Here we studied the requirements for destroying clinical size, unmanipulated 8101 tumors by adoptive cell therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 8101 arose in an old mouse after chronic exposure to UV light. A cancer line was established, which was never serially transplanted. The immunodominant CD8(+) T cell-recognized antigen of this tumor is caused by a somatic tumor-specific mutation in the RNA helicase p68. 8101 tumors were treated with spleen cells from young naive, or young and old immunized mice to ascertain the characteristics of immune cells that lead to rejection. RESULTS Here we show that the mutant p68 peptide has an exceptionally high affinity to the presenting MHC class I molecule K(b) and that spleen cells from immunized young syngeneic mice adoptively transferred to Rag(-/-) or cancer-suppressed euthymic mice eradicate 8101 tumors larger than 1 cm in average diameter and established for several weeks. Spleen cells from naive young mice or from old and boosted (reimmunized) mice were ineffective. CONCLUSIONS Relapse-free destruction of large and long-established tumors expressing a genuine very high-affinity tumor-specific antigen can be achieved by using adoptive transfer of lymphocytes from immunized young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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26
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Liu RB, Engels B, Arina A, Schreiber K, Hyjek E, Schietinger A, Binder DC, Butz E, Krausz T, Rowley DA, Jabri B, Schreiber H. Densely granulated murine NK cells eradicate large solid tumors. Cancer Res 2012; 72:1964-74. [PMID: 22374983 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells inhibit early stages of tumor formation, recurrence, and metastasis. Here, we show that NK cells can also eradicate large solid tumors. Eradication depended on the massive infiltration of proliferating NK cells due to interleukin 15 (IL-15) released and presented by the cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment. Infiltrating NK cells had the striking morphologic feature of being densely loaded with periodic acid-Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant granules, resembling uterine NK cells. Perforin-mediated killing by these densely granulated NK cells was essential for tumor eradication. Expression of the IL-15 receptor α on cancer cells was needed to efficiently induce granulated NK cells, and expression on host stromal cells was essential to prevent tumor relapse after near complete destruction. These results indicate that IL-15 released at the cancer site induces highly activated NK cells that lead to eradication of large solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Liu
- Committee on Immunology, Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Ochoa M, Fioravanti J, Duitman E, Medina-Echeverz J, Palazon A, Arina A, Dubrot J, Alfaro C, Morales-Kastresana A, Murillo O, Hervas-Stubbs S, Prieto J, Berraondo P, Melero I. PS2-082 Immunological effects of gene transfer with the sushi domain of IL-15Rα and a chimeric protein consisting of IL-15 fused to apolipoprotein A-1. Cytokine 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.07.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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28
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Wu TH, Schreiber K, Arina A, Khodarev NN, Efimova EV, Rowley DA, Weichselbaum RR, Schreiber H. Progression of cancer from indolent to aggressive despite antigen retention and increased expression of interferon-gamma inducible genes. Cancer Immun 2011; 11:2. [PMID: 21714479 PMCID: PMC3127375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Many cancers escape host immunity without losing tumor-specific rejection antigens or MHC class I expression. This study tracks the evolution of one such cancer that developed in a mouse following exposure to ultraviolet light. The primary autochthonous tumor was not highly malignant and was rejected when transplanted into naïve immunocompetent mice. Neoplastic cells isolated from the primary tumor were susceptible to the growth-inhibitory effects of IFNγ in vitro, but expressed very low levels of MHC I antigen and were resistant to tumor-specific T cells unless they were first exposed to IFNγ. Serial passage of the primary tumor cells in vivo led to a highly aggressive variant that caused fast-growing tumors in normal mice. In vitro, the variant tumor cells showed increased resistance to the growth-inhibitory effects of IFNγ but expressed high levels of immunoproteasomes and MHC I molecules and were susceptible to tumor-specific T cells even without prior exposure to IFNγ.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 3
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/biosynthesis
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/immunology
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Progression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Genes, p53
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Nude
- Mutation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Recombinant Proteins
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry H Wu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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29
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Murillo O, Ochoa MC, Arina A, Gabari I, Dubrot J, Hervas-Stubbs S, Melero I. Proliferating NK cells in response to IL-15 do not upregulate surface B220 in vivo. Gene Ther 2009; 17:687-9. [PMID: 19865177 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2009.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Murillo O, Dubrot J, Palazón A, Arina A, Azpilikueta A, Alfaro C, Solano S, Ochoa MC, Berasain C, Gabari I, Pérez-Gracia JL, Berraondo P, Hervás-Stubbs S, Melero I. In vivo depletion of DC impairs the anti-tumor effect of agonistic anti-CD137 mAb. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:2424-36. [PMID: 19662633 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200838958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Anti-CD137 mAb are capable of inducing tumor rejection in several syngeneic murine tumor models and are undergoing clinical trials for cancer. The anti-tumor effect involves co-stimulation of tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells. Whether antigen cross-presenting DC are required for the efficacy of anti-CD137 mAb treatment has never been examined. Here we show that the administration of anti-CD137 mAb eradicates EG7-OVA tumors by a strictly CD8beta(+) T-cell-dependent mechanism that correlates with increased CTL activity. Ex vivo analyses to determine the identity of the draining lymph node cell type responsible for tumor antigen cross-presentation revealed that CD11c(+) cells, most likely DC, are the main players in this tumor model. A minute number of tumor cells, revealed by the presence of OVA cDNA, reach tumor-draining lymph nodes. Direct antigen presentation by tumor cells themselves also participates in anti-OVA CTL induction. Using CD11c diphtheria toxin receptor-green fluorescent protein-->C57BL/6 BM chimeric mice, which allow for sustained ablation of DC with diphtheria toxin, we confirmed the involvement of DC in tumor antigen cross-presentation in CTL induction against OVA(257-264) epitope and in the antitumor efficacy induced by anti-CD137 mAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihana Murillo
- Gene Therapy Unit, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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31
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Murillo O, Arina A, Hervas-Stubbs S, Gupta A, McCluskey B, Dubrot J, Palazón A, Azpilikueta A, Ochoa MC, Alfaro C, Solano S, Pérez-Gracia JL, Oyajobi BO, Melero I. Therapeutic antitumor efficacy of anti-CD137 agonistic monoclonal antibody in mouse models of myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:6895-906. [PMID: 18980984 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Eradication of post-treatment residual myeloma cells is needed to prevent relapses, and immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies (mAb) such as anti-CD137, CTLA-4, CD40, etc., which enhance the immune response against malignancies, represent a means of achieving this purpose. This study explores anti-CD137 mAbs for multiple myeloma treatment in preclinical models of the disease because they safely augment tumor immunity and are in clinical trials for other cancers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The antitumor effect of anti-CD137 mAb on mouse plasmacytomas derived from HOPC and NS0 cell lines was studied and compared with that of anti-CTLA-4, anti-CD40, and anti-ICAM-2 mAbs. The antitumor effect of anti-CD137 mAb was also examined in a mouse syngeneic disseminated myeloma (5TGM1) model, which more closely resembles human multiple myeloma. Depletions of specific cell populations and gene-targeted mice were used to unravel the requirements for tumor rejection. RESULTS Agonistic mAb against CD137 and blocking anti-CTLA-4 mAb showed activity against i.p. HOPC tumors, resulting in extended survival of mice that also became immune to rechallenge. Anti-CD137 mAbs induced complete eradications of established s.c. NS0-derived tumors that were dependent on IFN-gamma, natural killer cells, and CD8(+) T lymphocytes. Natural killer cells accumulated in tumor draining lymph nodes and showed increased IFN-gamma production. Antitumor efficacy of anti-CD137 mAb was preserved in CD28-deficient mice despite the fact that CD28 signaling increases the expression of CD137 on CD8(+) T cells. Importantly, anti-CD137 mAb treatment significantly decreased systemic tumor burden in the disseminated 5TGM1 model. CONCLUSIONS The immune-mediated antitumor activity of anti-CD137 mAb in mouse models holds promise for myeloma treatment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihana Murillo
- Gene Therapy Unit, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Pamplona, Spain
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32
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Arina A, Murillo O, Dubrot J, Azpilikueta A, Gabari I, Perez-Gracia JL, Alfaro C, Berasain C, Prieto J, Ferrini S, Hervas-Stubbs S, Melero I. Interleukin-15 liver gene transfer increases the number and function of IKDCs and NK cells. Gene Ther 2008; 15:473-83. [PMID: 18273053 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2008.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The surface phenotype CD3-NK1.1+DX5+CD11c(int)B220+GR1- has been recently ascribed to a novel subset of mouse leukocytes termed interferon (IFN)-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDCs) that shares functions with natural killer (NK) cells and DCs. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is critical for NK cells but its relationship with IKDC remained unexplored. An expression cassette encoding human IL-15 (hIL-15) has been transferred by hydrodynamic injection into the liver of mice, resulting in transient expression of the cytokine that is detectable during the first 48 h. hIL-15 hydrodynamic gene transfer resulted in an expansion of NK cells and IKDCs. Relative expansions of IKDCs were more dramatic in the IL-15 gene-transferred hepatic tissue than in the spleen. Adoptively transferred DX5+ cells comprising both NK cells and IKDCs proliferated in response to hydrodynamic injection of hIL-15, indicating that quantitative increases are at least in part the result of proliferation from already differentiated cells. Expansion is accompanied by enhanced cytolytic activity and increased expression of TRAIL and CD137 (4-1BB), without augmenting interferon-gamma production. The effects of a single hydrodynamic injection surpassed those of two intraperitoneal doses of the recombinant protein. The novel functional link between circulating IL-15 and IKDCs opens new possibilities to study the biology and applications of this minority cell subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arina
- Gene Therapy Unit, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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33
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Rodriguez M, Alvarez-Erviti L, Blesa FJ, Rodríguez-Oroz MC, Arina A, Melero I, Ramos LI, Obeso JA. Bone-marrow-derived cell differentiation into microglia: A study in a progressive mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2007; 28:316-25. [PMID: 17897835 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2007.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Revised: 07/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The migration of peripheral bone-marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) to the brain was studied in a chronic mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD). BMDCs expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) were aseptically obtained from C57 BL/6-EGFP-Tg mice and intravenously injected into C57 BL/6j mice which had received a total body irradiation of 8 Gy to induce bone marrow ablation. Implanted GFP-BMDCs replenished the bone marrow of irradiated mice, and progressively crossed the blood-brain barrier (BBB), penetrating different mesencephalic and telencephalic brain regions in the following months. The progressive degeneration of dopamine (DA) cells with a small daily dose (4 mg/kg/day for 20 days) of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine (MPTP) increased the penetration of GFP-BMDCs into the brain, particularly into those regions with marked DA innervation and which showed the clearest DA cell loss. BMDC penetration increased before the DA cell loss was evident and persisted for a long time after MPTP withdrawal. Under these conditions, most BMDCs differentiated into microglia (CD68 expression was observed in 50% of GFP cells 60 days after MPTP administration). BMDC-derived microglia showed morphological characteristics of cell activation, with the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor only being expressed in 3% of the cells. No differentiation into neurons (NeuN expression), astrocites (GFAP), cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8) and T-helper lymphocytes (CD4) was observed. Taken together, the present data suggest that a significant portion of microglial cells is of a peripheral origin. Bearing in mind that microglial reaction is a significant part of the degenerative process in PD, the increase of BMDC penetration into DA-rich areas during DA cell degeneration and their differentiation into microglia suggest that cells coming across the BBB may participate in the neurodegeneration process. The precise role of such a cell inflow into the brain requires further study. Nevertheless, this may represent an opportunity to develop neuroprotective therapeutic strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
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34
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Mazzolini G, Murillo O, Atorrasagasti C, Dubrot J, Tirapu I, Rizzo M, Arina A, Alfaro C, Azpilicueta A, Berasain C, Perez-Gracia JL, Gonzalez A, Melero I. Immunotherapy and immunoescape in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:5822-31. [PMID: 17990348 PMCID: PMC4205429 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i44.5822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy encompasses a variety of interventions and techniques with the common goal of eliciting tumor cell destructive immune responses. Colorectal carcinoma often presents as metastatic disease that impedes curative surgery. Novel strategies such as active immunization with dendritic cells (DCs), gene transfer of cytokines into tumor cells or administration of immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies (such as anti-CD137 or anti-CTLA-4) have been assessed in preclinical studies and are at an early clinical development stage. Importantly, there is accumulating evidence that chemotherapy and immunotherapy can be combined in the treatment of some cases with colorectal cancer, with synergistic potentiation as a result of antigens cross-presented by dendritic cells and/or elimination of competitor or suppressive T lymphocyte populations (regulatory T-cells). However, genetic and epigenetic unstable carcinoma cells frequently evolve mechanisms of immunoevasion that are the result of either loss of antigen presentation, or an active expression of immunosuppressive substances. Some of these actively immunosuppressive mechanisms are inducible by cytokines that signify the arrival of an effector immune response. For example, induction of 2, 3 indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO) by IFNγ in colorectal carcinoma cells. Combinational and balanced strategies fostering antigen presentation, T-cell costimulation and interference with immune regulatory mechanisms will probably take the stage in translational research in the treatment of colorectal carcinoma.
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35
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Arina A, Murillo O, Hervás-Stubbs S, Azpilikueta A, Dubrot J, Tirapu I, Huarte E, Alfaro C, Pérez-Gracia JL, González-Aseguinolaza G, Sarobe P, Lasarte JJ, Jamieson A, Prieto J, Raulet DH, Melero I. The combined actions of NK and T lymphocytes are necessary to reject an EGFP+ mesenchymal tumor through mechanisms dependent on NKG2D and IFN gamma. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:1282-95. [PMID: 17520674 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Better understanding of the mechanisms that mediate spontaneous immune rejections ought to be important in the quest for improvements in immunotherapy of cancer. A set of intraperitoneal tumors of mesenchymal origin that had been chemically induced in ubiquitously expressing EGFP transgenic mice provided a model in which both T and NK cells were absolutely required for tumor rejection. Tumor cells were traceable because of being fluorescent and readily grafted in RAG1(-/-) immunodeficient mice, whereas they were rejected in a majority of syngeneic C57BL/6 and EGFP-transgenic mice. Tumor-cell clones with the highest EGFP expression tended to be rejected, but a direct involvement of EGFP as the antigen recognized for the immune rejections was ruled out. Rejections were absolutely dependent on NK cells as well as on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes according to selective depletion studies. Furthermore, CD8(+) and CD4(+) T lymphocytes as well as NK cells were detected in the inflammatory infiltrate that mediates tumor rejection along with some DC. The effects of IFN gamma, produced at the tumor site by T and NK lymphocytes, were only required at the malignant cell level and were necessary for tumor eradication. NK recognition of tumor cells was mediated by the NKG2D-activating receptor and blocking its function in vivo partially interfered with rejection. Therefore, complete rejection of these mesenchymal tumors requires a concerted set of activities including direct tumor-cell destruction and IFN gamma production that are mediated by both NK and T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Arina
- Gene Therapy Unit, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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36
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Murillo O, Arina A, Dubrot J, Azpilikueta A, Gabari I, Alfaro C, Berasain C, Hervas-Stubbs S, Perez Gracia JL, Prieto J, Melero I, Ferrini S. 106 Interferon-Producing Killer Dendritic Cells and Natural Killer Cells Response to Interleukin-15 Liver Gene Transfer. Cytokine 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Dubrot J, Azpilikueta A, Alfaro C, Murillo O, Arina A, Berraondo P, Hervás-Stubbs S, Melero I. Absence of surface expression of CD137 (4-1BB) on Myeloid-derived suppressor cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0213-9626(07)70081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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38
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Arina A, Murillo O, Dubrot J, Azpilikueta A, Alfaro C, Pérez-Gracia JL, Bendandi M, Palencia B, Hervás-Stubbs S, Melero I. Cellular liaisons of natural killer lymphocytes in immunology and immunotherapy of cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2007; 7:599-615. [PMID: 17477799 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.7.5.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence for the role of natural killer (NK) cells in tumor immunosurveillance and their beneficial effects on many experimentally successful immunotherapy strategies. NK cells mediate cell contact-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, but do not rearrange antigen receptors. Their activation depends on various germline-encoded receptors, including CD16, which mediates recognition of antibody-coated target cells. NK cytotoxicity is checked by a repertoire of inhibitory receptors that scan adequate expression of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules on the potential target cell. Functional cross-talk of NK and dendritic cells suggests a critical role for NK cells in the initiation and regulation of cellular immunity. Considerable knowledge on the molecular basis of NK recognition/activation contrasts with a lack of successful translational research on these matters. However, there is plenty of opportunity for targeted intervention of inhibitory/activatory surface receptors and for adoptive cell therapy with autologous or allogeneic NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Arina
- University of Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada and Clinica Universitaria, Gene Therapy Unit, Avda. Pio XII 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
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39
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Alfaro C, Murillo O, Tirapu I, Azpilicueta A, Huarte E, Arina A, Arribillaga L, Pérez-Gracia JL, Bendandi M, Prieto J, Lasarte JJ, Melero I. [The immunotherapy potential of agonistic anti-CD137 (4-1BB) monoclonal antibodies for malignancies and chronic viral diseases]. An Sist Sanit Navar 2006; 29:77-96. [PMID: 16670731 DOI: 10.4321/s1137-66272006000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological intervention on the immune system to achieve more intense lymphocyte responses has potential application in tumour immunology and in the treatment of chronic viral diseases. Immunostimulating monoclonal antibodies are defined as a new family of drugs that augment cellular immune responses. They interact as artificial ligands with functional proteins of the immune system, either activating or inhibiting their functions. There are humanized monoclonal antibodies directed to the inhibitory receptor CD152 (CTLA-4) that are being tested in clinical trials with evidence of antitumoural activity. As a drawback, anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies induce severe autoimmunity reactions in a fraction of the patients. Anti-CD137 monoclonal antibodies have the ability to induce potent immune responses mainly mediated by cytotoxic lymphocytes with the result of frequent complete tumour eradications in mice. Comparative studies in experimental models indicate that the antitumour activity of anti-CD137 monoclonal antibodies is superior to that of anti-CD152. CD137 (4-1BB) is a leukocyte differentiation antigen selectively expressed on the surface of activated T and NK lymphocytes, as well as on dendritic cells. Monoclonal antibodies acting as artificial stimulatory ligands of this receptor (anti-CD137 agonist antibodies) enhance cellular antitumoural and antiviral immunity in a variety of mouse models. Paradoxically, anti-CD137 monoclonal antibodies are therapeutic or preventive in the course of model autoimmune diseases in mice. In light of these experimental results, a number of research groups have humanized antibodies against human CD137 and early clinical trials are about to start.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Autoimmunity
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/immunology
- CTLA-4 Antigen
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Chronic Disease
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
- Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic
- Cytokines/immunology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/immunology
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Virus Diseases/immunology
- Virus Diseases/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alfaro
- Area de Terapia Génica y Hepatología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Pamplona
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40
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Melero I, Arina A, Murillo O, Dubrot J, Alfaro C, Pérez-Gracia JL, Bendandi M, Hervás-Stubbs S. Immunogenic Cell Death and Cross-Priming Are Reaching the Clinical Immunotherapy Arena: Fig. 1. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:2385-9. [PMID: 16638842 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Melero
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Clínica Universitaria and School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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41
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Huarte E, Larrea E, Hernández-Alcoceba R, Alfaro C, Murillo O, Arina A, Tirapu I, Azpilicueta A, Hervás-Stubbs S, Bortolanza S, Pérez-Gracia JL, Civeira MP, Prieto J, Riezu-Boj JI, Melero I. Recombinant adenoviral vectors turn on the type I interferon system without inhibition of transgene expression and viral replication. Mol Ther 2006; 14:129-38. [PMID: 16627004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2005] [Revised: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 02/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adenovirus administration gives rise to transgene-independent effects caused by the ability of the vector to activate innate immunity mechanisms. We show that recombinant adenoviruses encoding reporter genes trigger IFN-alpha and IFN-beta transcription from both plasmacytoid and myeloid mouse dendritic cells. Interestingly, IFN-beta and IFN-alpha5 are the predominant transcribed type I IFN genes both in vitro and in vivo. In human peripheral blood leukocytes type I IFNs are induced by adenoviral vectors, with a preponderance of IFN-beta together with IFN-alpha1 and IFN-alpha5 subtypes. Accordingly, functional type I IFN is readily detected in serum samples from human cancer patients who have been treated intratumorally with a recombinant adenovirus encoding thymidine kinase. Despite inducing functional IFN-alpha release in both mice and humans, gene transfer by recombinant adenoviruses is not interfered with by type I IFNs either in vitro or in vivo. Moreover, IFN-alpha does not impair replication of wild-type adenovirus. As a consequence, cancer gene therapy strategies with defective or replicative-competent adenoviruses are not expected to be hampered by the effect of the type I IFNs induced by the vector itself. However, type I IFN might modulate antitumor and antiadenoviral immune responses and thus influence the outcome of gene immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Huarte
- Center for Applied Medical Research, School of Medicine, and University Clinic, University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Tirapu I, Huarte E, Guiducci C, Arina A, Zaratiegui M, Murillo O, Gonzalez A, Berasain C, Berraondo P, Fortes P, Prieto J, Colombo MP, Chen L, Melero I. Low surface expression of B7-1 (CD80) is an immunoescape mechanism of colon carcinoma. Cancer Res 2006; 66:2442-50. [PMID: 16489051 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Artificially enforced expression of CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) on tumor cells renders them more immunogenic by triggering the CD28 receptor on T cells. The enigma is that such B7s interact with much higher affinity with CTLA-4 (CD152), an inhibitory receptor expressed by activated T cells. We show that unmutated CD80 is spontaneously expressed at low levels by mouse colon carcinoma cell lines and other transplantable tumor cell lines of various tissue origins. Silencing of CD80 by interfering RNA led to loss of tumorigenicity of CT26 colon carcinoma in immunocompetent mice, but not in immunodeficient Rag-/- mice. CT26 tumor cells bind CTLA-4Ig, but much more faintly with a similar CD28Ig chimeric protein, thus providing an explanation for the dominant inhibitory effects on tumor immunity displayed by CD80 at that expression level. Interestingly, CD80-negative tumor cell lines such as MC38 colon carcinoma and B16 melanoma express CD80 at dim levels during in vivo growth in syngeneic mice. Therefore, low CD80 surface expression seems to give an advantage to cancer cells against the immune system. Our findings are similar with the inhibitory role described for the dim CD80 expression on immature dendritic cells, providing an explanation for the low levels of CD80 expression described in various human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Tirapu
- Gene Therapy Unit, Department of Medicine, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada and Clínica Universitaria, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
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43
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Abstract
It is not unusual for antigens and potentially responsive T cells to co-exist in the same organism while these T cells remain silent and do not mount life-threatening immune responses. A rich array of mechanisms has been proposed to explain these observations. T cell silencing is controlled in multiple levels. Initially, dendritic cells and regulatory T cells appear to play critical roles. In addition, T cell immunity is tightly regulated by a molecular network of cytokines and cell receptor interactions by the opposed surfaces of antigen-presenting cells and T cells. Recognition of a specific antigen is therefore shaped and tuned by co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptor-ligand pairs. At last, immunologists are beginning to exploit the rules governing these assorted sounds of T cell silence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Melero
- Department of Medicine, CIMA and Clinica Universitaria, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Feijoó E, Alfaro C, Mazzolini G, Serra P, Peñuelas I, Arina A, Huarte E, Tirapu I, Palencia B, Murillo O, Ruiz J, Sangro B, Richter JA, Prieto J, Melero I. Dendritic cells delivered inside human carcinomas are sequestered by interleukin-8. Int J Cancer 2005; 116:275-81. [PMID: 15800914 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In the course of a clinical trial consisting of intratumoral injections of dendritic cells (DCs) transfected to produce interleukin-12, the use of (111)In-labeled tracing doses of DCs showed that most DCs remained inside tumor tissue, instead of migrating out. In search for factors that could explain this retention, it was found that tumors from patients suffering hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal or pancreatic cancer were producing IL-8 and that this chemokine attracted monocyte-derived dendritic cells that uniformly express both IL-8 receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. Accordingly, neutralizing antihuman IL-8 monoclonal antibodies blocked the chemotactic attraction of DCs by recombinant IL-8, as well as by the serum of the patients or culture supernatants of human colorectal carcinomas. In addition, tissue culture supernatants of colon carcinoma cells inhibited DC migration induced by MIP-3beta in an IL-8-dependent fashion. IL-8 production in malignant tissue and the responsiveness of DCs to IL-8 are a likely explanation of the clinical images, which suggest retention of DCs inside human malignant lesions. Impairment of DC migration toward lymphoid tissue could be involved in cancer immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Feijoó
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Clínica Universitaria/School of Medicine, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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45
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Arribillaga L, Sarobe P, Arina A, Gorraiz M, Borrás-Cuesta F, Ruiz J, Prieto J, Chen L, Melero I, Lasarte JJ. Enhancement of CD4 and CD8 immunity by anti-CD137 (4-1BB) monoclonal antibodies during hepatitis C vaccination with recombinant adenovirus. Vaccine 2005; 23:3493-9. [PMID: 15855007 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2004] [Revised: 01/19/2005] [Accepted: 02/04/2005] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The induction of protective or therapeutic cellular immunity against hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a difficult goal. In a previous work we showed that immunization with a recombinant adenovirus encoding HCV-NS3 (RAdNS3) could partially protect mice from challenge with a vaccinia virus encoding HCV antigens. We sought to investigate whether systemic administration of an immunostimulatory monoclonal antibody directed against the lymphocyte surface molecule CD137 could enhance the immunity elicited by RAdNS3. It was found that treatment with anti-CD137 mAb after the administration of a suboptimal dose of RAdNS3 enhanced cytotoxic and T helper cell responses against HCV NS3. Importantly, the ability of RAdNS3 to induce protective immunity against challenge with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HCV proteins was markedly augmented. Thus, combination of immunostimulatory anti-CD137 mAb with recombinant adenoviruses expressing HCV proteins might be useful in strategies of immunization against HCV.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antigens, CD
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Hepacivirus/drug effects
- Hepacivirus/immunology
- Hepatitis C/immunology
- Hepatitis C/prevention & control
- Hepatitis C/virology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Hepatitis Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Hepatitis Vaccines/immunology
- Viral Load/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Arribillaga
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, University Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pio XII 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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46
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Huarte E, Tirapu I, Arina A, Vera M, Alfaro C, Murillo O, Palencia B, Busto V, Marín V, Mazzolini G, Melero I. Intratumoural administration of dendritic cells: hostile environment and help by gene therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2005; 5:7-22. [PMID: 15709906 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.5.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Like paratroopers in special operations, dendritic cells (DCs) can be deployed behind the enemy borders of malignant tissue to ignite an antitumour immune response. 'Cross-priming T cell responses' is the code name for their mission, which consists of taking up antigen from transformed cells or their debris, migrating to lymphoid tissue ferrying the antigenic cargo, and meeting specific T cells. This must be accomplished in such an immunogenic manner that specific T lymphocytes would mount a robust enough response as to fully reject the malignancy. To improve their immunostimulating activity, local gene therapy can be very beneficial, either by transfecting DCs with genes enhancing their performance, or by preparing tumour tissue with pro-inflammatory mediators. In addition, endogenous DCs from the tumour host can be attracted into the malignant tissue following transfection of certain chemokine genes into tumour cells. On their side, tumour stroma and malignant cells set up a hostile immunosuppressive environment for artificially released or attracted DCs. This milieu is usually rich in transforming growth factor-beta, vascular endothelial growth factor, and IL-10, -6 and -8, among other substances that diminish DC performance. Several molecular strategies are being devised to interfere with the immunosuppressive actions of these substances and to further enhance the level of anticancer immunity achieved after artificial release of DCs intratumourally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Huarte
- University of Navarra School of Medicine, Gene Therapy Unit, Centro Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Avda/Pio XII,55, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
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Mazzolini G, Alfaro C, Sangro B, Feijoó E, Ruiz J, Benito A, Tirapu I, Arina A, Sola J, Herraiz M, Lucena F, Olagüe C, Subtil J, Quiroga J, Herrero I, Sádaba B, Bendandi M, Qian C, Prieto J, Melero I. Intratumoral injection of dendritic cells engineered to secrete interleukin-12 by recombinant adenovirus in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal carcinomas. J Clin Oncol 2004; 23:999-1010. [PMID: 15598979 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.00.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility and safety of intratumoral injection of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) transfected with an adenovirus encoding interleukin-12 genes (AFIL-12) for patients with metastatic gastrointestinal carcinomas. Secondarily, we have evaluated biologic effects and antitumoral activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventeen patients with metastatic pancreatic (n = 3), colorectal (n = 5), or primary liver (n = 9) malignancies entered the study. DCs were generated from CD14+ monocytes from leukapheresis, cultured and transfected with AFIL-12 before administration. Doses from 10 x 10(6) to 50 x 10(6) cells were escalated in three cohorts of patients. Patients received up to three doses at 21-day intervals. RESULTS Fifteen (88%) and 11 of 17 (65%) patients were assessable for toxicity and response, respectively. Intratumoral DC injections were mainly guided by ultrasound. Treatment was well tolerated. The most common side effects were lymphopenia, fever, and malaise. Interferon gamma and interleukin-6 serum concentrations were increased in 15 patients after each treatment, as well as peripheral blood natural killer activity in five patients. DC transfected with AFIL-12 stimulated a potent antibody response against adenoviral capsides. DC treatment induced a marked increase of infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes in three of 11 tumor biopsies analyzed. A partial response was observed in one patient with pancreatic carcinoma. Stable disease was observed in two patients and progression in eight patients, with two of the cases fast-progressing during treatment. CONCLUSION Intratumoral injection of DC transfected with an adenovirus encoding interleukin-12 to patients with metastatic gastrointestinal malignancies is feasible and well tolerated. Further studies are necessary to define and increase clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Mazzolini
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Department of Radiology, Clínica Universitaria/School of Medicine, University of Navarra, c/Irunlarrea, s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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48
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Tirapu I, Arina A, Mazzolini G, Duarte M, Alfaro C, Feijoo E, Qian C, Chen L, Prieto J, Melero I. Improving efficacy of interleukin-12-transfected dendritic cells injected into murine colon cancer with anti-CD137 monoclonal antibodies and alloantigens. Int J Cancer 2004; 110:51-60. [PMID: 15054868 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intralesional administration of cultured dendritic cells (DCs) engineered to produce IL-12 by in vitro infection with recombinant adenovirus frequently displays eradicating efficacy against established subcutaneous tumors derived from the CT26 murine colon carcinoma cell line. The elicited response is mainly mediated by cytolytic T lymphocytes. In order to search for strategies that would enhance the efficacy of the therapeutic procedure against less immunogenic tumors, we moved onto malignancies derived from the inoculation of MC38 colon cancer cells that are less prone to undergo complete regression upon a single intratumoral injection of IL-12-secreting DCs. In this model, we found that repeated injections of such DCs, as opposed to a single injection, achieved better efficacy against both the injected and a distantly implanted tumor; that the use of semiallogeneic DCs that are mismatched in one MHC haplotype with the tumor host showed slightly better efficacy; and that the combination of this treatment with systemic injections of immunostimulatory anti-CD137 (4-1BB) monoclonal antibody achieved potent combined effects that correlated with the antitumor immune response measured in IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays. The elicited systemic immune response eradicates concomitant untreated lesions in most cases. Curative efficacy was also found against some tumors established for 2 weeks when these strategies were used in combination. These are preclinical pieces of evidence to be considered in order to enhance the therapeutic benefit of a strategy that is currently being tested in clinical trials. Supplementary Material for this article can be found on the International Journal of Cancer website at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0020-7136/suppmat/index.html.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Tirapu
- Gene Therapy Division, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarre, Irunlarrea s/n 31008 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
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Murillo O, Arina A, Tirapu I, Alfaro C, Mazzolini G, Palencia B, López-Diaz De Cerio A, Prieto J, Bendandi M, Melero I. Potentiation of therapeutic immune responses against malignancies with monoclonal antibodies. Clin Cancer Res 2003; 9:5454-64. [PMID: 14654524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can be defined as those that exert their functions by tampering with immune system cell molecules, causing an enhancement of antitumor immune responses. Some of these antibodies are agonistic ligands for surface receptors involved in the activation of lymphocytes and/or antigen-presenting cells, whereas others are antagonists of mechanisms that normally limit the intensity of immune reactions. Several mAbs of this category have been described to display in vivo antitumor activity in mouse models. Only anti-CTLA-4 (CD152) mAb has entered clinical trials, but the preclinical effects described for anti-CD40, anti-CD137 (4-1BB), anti-CD102 (intercellular adhesion molecule-2), and regulatory T cell-depleting mAbs should lead to their prompt clinical development. Their use in combination with immunizations against tumor antigens has been reported to be endowed with synergistic properties. This new group of antitumor agents holds promise for at least additive effects with conventional therapies of cancer and deserves intensive translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihana Murillo
- Centro de Investigación Médica aplicada and Clínica Universitaria, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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50
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Sarobe P, Lasarte JJ, Zabaleta A, Arribillaga L, Arina A, Melero I, Borrás-Cuesta F, Prieto J. Hepatitis C virus structural proteins impair dendritic cell maturation and inhibit in vivo induction of cellular immune responses. J Virol 2003; 77:10862-71. [PMID: 14512536 PMCID: PMC224971 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.20.10862-10871.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection is characterized by low or undetectable cellular immune responses against HCV antigens. Some studies have suggested that HCV proteins manipulate the immune system by suppressing the specific antiviral T-cell immunity. We have previously reported that the expression of HCV core and E1 proteins (CE1) in dendritic cells (DC) impairs their ability to prime T cells in vitro. We show here that immunization of mice with immature DC transduced with an adenovirus encoding HCV core and E1 antigens (AdCE1) induced lower CD4(+)- and CD8(+)-T-cell responses than immunization with DC transduced with an adenovirus encoding NS3 (AdNS3). However, no differences in the strength of the immune response were detected when animals were immunized with mature DC subsequently transduced with AdCE1 or AdNS3. According to these findings, we observed that the expression of CE1 in DC inhibited the maturation caused by tumor necrosis factor alpha or CD40L but not that induced by lipopolysaccharide. Blockade of DC maturation by CE1 was manifested by a lower expression of maturation surface markers and was associated with a reduced ability of AdCE1-transduced DC to activate CD4(+)- and CD8(+)-T-cell responses in vivo. Our results suggest that HCV CE1 proteins modulate T-cell responses by decreasing the stimulatory ability of DC in vivo via inhibition of their physiological maturation pathways. These findings are relevant for the design of therapeutic vaccination strategies in HCV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sarobe
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada (FIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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