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Kamal HK, Almutairi BO, Abdel-Naim AB. Asiatic acid mitigates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats via activation of PPAR-γ. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03405-z. [PMID: 39222244 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03405-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Prostate enlargement due to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is a common, progressive disorder in elderly males with increasing prevalence. It causes devastating lower urinary tract symptoms with no satisfactory medication. Asiatic acid (AA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, is known to have antiproliferative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible preventive activities of AA against BPH induced by testosterone in rats. Finasteride (0.5 mg/kg) was used as a reference drug. AA (10 or 20 mg/kg) administration inhibited the rise in prostatic weight and index induced by testosterone. Histopathological staining proved that AA mitigated the pathological features of BPH induced by testosterone, which was reflected as lower glandular epithelial in AA-treated groups. Also, the administration of AA along with testosterone restored the redox valance by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and MDA production, and restoring the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Also, AA reduced prostate interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) protein expression. In addition, AA modulated mRNA expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in favor of apoptosis. The effects of AA (20 mg/kg) were comparable to those of finasteride. Further, AA ameliorated the rise in insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) mRNA expression. This was associated with the enhancement of the prostatic content of PPAR-γ. It can be concluded that AA mitigated the features of BPH induced by testosterone in rats. This involves antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and pro-apototic activities of AA as well as its ability to down-regulate IGF-1R expression and enhance PPAR-γ concentration in prostatic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani K Kamal
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf B Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Rapuano R, Mercuri A, Dallavalle S, Moricca S, Lavecchia A, Lupo A. Cladosporols and PPARγ: Same Gun, Same Bullet, More Targets. Biomolecules 2024; 14:998. [PMID: 39199386 PMCID: PMC11353246 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Several natural compounds have been found to act as PPARγ agonists, thus regulating numerous biological processes, including the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, cell proliferation and differentiation, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Recently, Cladosporols, secondary metabolites purified from the fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum, have been demonstrated to display an efficient ability to control cell proliferation in human colorectal and prostate cancer cells through a PPARγ-mediated modulation of gene expression. In addition, Cladosporols exhibited a strong anti-adipogenetic activity in 3T3-L1 murine preadipocytes, preventing their in vitro differentiation into mature adipocytes. These data interestingly point out that the interaction between Cladosporols and PPARγ, in the milieu of different cells or tissues, might generate a wide range of beneficial effects for the entire organism affected by diabetes, obesity, inflammation, and cancer. This review explores the molecular mechanisms by which the Cladosporol/PPARγ complex may simultaneously interfere with a dysregulated lipid metabolism and cancer promotion and progression, highlighting the potential therapeutic benefits of Cladosporols for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rapuano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via dei Mulini, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (R.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonella Mercuri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via dei Mulini, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (R.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Moricca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali (DAGRI), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia “Drug Discovery Laboratory”, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Lupo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via dei Mulini, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (R.R.); (A.M.)
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Chen S, Zeng J, Li R, Zhang Y, Tao Y, Hou Y, Yang L, Zhang Y, Wu J, Meng X. Traditional Chinese medicine in regulating macrophage polarization in immune response of inflammatory diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117838. [PMID: 38310986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Numerous studies have demonstrated that various traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects against inflammatory diseases mediated through macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this review was to assess and consolidate the current understanding regarding the pathogenic mechanisms governing macrophage polarization in the context of regulating inflammatory diseases. We also summarize the mechanism action of various TCMs on the regulation of macrophage polarization, which may contribute to facilitate the development of natural anti-inflammatory drugs based on reshaping macrophage polarization. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a comprehensive review of recently published articles, utilizing keywords such as "macrophage polarization" and "traditional Chinese medicines" in combination with "inflammation," as well as "macrophage polarization" and "inflammation" in conjunction with "natural products," and similar combinations, to search within PubMed and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS A total of 113 kinds of TCMs (including 62 components of TCMs, 27 TCMs as well as various types of extracts of TCMs and 24 Chinese prescriptions) was reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects through the regulation of key pathways of macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we have analyzed studies concerning the involvement of macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming in inflammation therapy. TCMs has great advantages in regulating macrophage polarization in treating inflammatory diseases due to its multi-pathway and multi-target pharmacological action. This review may contribute to facilitate the development of natural anti-inflammatory drugs based on reshaping macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jiuseng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Rui Li
- The Affiliated Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, PR China
| | - Yingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yiwen Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Ya Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yating Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jiasi Wu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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Liu Y, Peng L, Li Y, Lu X, Wang F, Chen D, Lin N. Effect of liver cancer on the accumulation and hepatobiliary transport of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133743. [PMID: 38377901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in liver and bile tissues from the patients with liver cancer (n = 202) and healthy controls (n = 30), and calculated the hepatobiliary transport efficiency (TB-L) of PFASs. Among 21 PFASs, 13 PFASs were frequently detected in the liver (median: 8.80-16.3 ng/g) and bile (median: 11.03-14.26 ng/mL) samples. PFAS concentrations in liver were positively correlated with age, with higher levels of PFASs in the older. Variance analysis showed that gender and BMI (Body Mass Index) have an important impact on the distribution of PFASs. A U-shaped trend in TB-L of PFASs with the increasing of carbon chain length was found for the first time, and the TB-L of most PFASs in the control was higher than that of those in cases (p < 0.05), suggesting that hepatic injury would affect their transport. PFASs were positively associated with liver injury biomarkers, including γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (TB) levels (p < 0.05). This is the first study on examining the hepatobiliary transport characteristics of PFASs, which may help understand the connection between PFAS accumulation and liver cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lin Peng
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xingwen Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Shao N, Qiu H, Liu J, Xiao D, Zhao J, Chen C, Wan J, Guo M, Liang G, Zhao X, Xu L. Targeting lipid metabolism of macrophages: A new strategy for tumor therapy. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00071-7. [PMID: 38373649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid metabolism has been implicated in a variety of normal cellular processes and strongly related to the development of multiple diseases, including tumor. Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) has emerged as a crucial regulator in tumorigenesis and promising target for tumor treatment. AIM OF REVIEW A thorough understanding of TAM lipid metabolism and its value in tumorigenesis may provide new ideas for TAM-based anti-tumor therapy. Key scientific concepts of review: TAMs can be divided into two main types, M1-like TAMs and M2-like TAMs, which play anti-tumor and pro-tumor functions in tumor occurrence and development, respectively. Accumulating evidence has shown that lipid metabolic reprogramming, including fatty acid uptake and utilization, cholesterol expulsion, controls the polarization of TAMs and affects the tumorgenesis. These advances in uncovering the intricacies of lipid metabolism and TAMs have yielded new insights on tumor development and treatment. In this review, we aim to provide an update on the current understanding of the lipid metabolic reprogramming made by TAMs to adapt to the harsh tumor microenvironment (TME). In particular, we emphasize that there is complex lipid metabolism connections between TAMs and distinct tumors, which influences TAM to bias from M1 to M2 phenotype in tumor progression, and ultimately promotes tumor occurrence and development. Finally, we discuss the existing issues on therapeutic strategies by reprogramming TAMs based on lipid metabolism regulation (or increasing the ratio of M1/M2-like TAMs) that could be applied in the future to clinical tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Daimin Xiao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jiajia Wan
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Guiyou Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550031, China.
| | - Xu Zhao
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection & Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
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Harrer DC, Lüke F, Pukrop T, Ghibelli L, Gerner C, Reichle A, Heudobler D. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα/γ agonist pioglitazone for rescuing relapsed or refractory neoplasias by unlocking phenotypic plasticity. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1289222. [PMID: 38273846 PMCID: PMC10808445 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1289222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of seven clinical trials on relapsed or refractory (r/r) metastatic neoplasias followed the question: Are networks of ligand-receptor cross-talks that support tumor-specific cancer hallmarks, druggable with tumor tissue editing approaches therapeutically exploiting tumor plasticity? Differential recombinations of pioglitazone, a dual peroxisome-proliferator activated receptorα/γ (PPARα/γ) agonist, with transcriptional modulators, i.e., all-trans retinoic acid, interferon-α, or dexamethasone plus metronomic low-dose chemotherapy (MCT) or epigenetic modeling with azacitidine plus/minus cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition initiated tumor-specific reprogramming of cancer hallmarks, as exemplified by inflammation control in r/r melanoma, renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC), Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (mLCH) or differentiation induction in non-promyelocytic acute myeloid leukemia (non-PML AML). Pioglitazone, integrated in differentially designed editing schedules, facilitated induction of tumor cell death as indicated by complete remission (CR) in r/r non-PML AML, continuous CR in r/r RCCC, mLCH, and in HL by addition of everolimus, or long-term disease control in melanoma by efficaciously controlling metastasis, post-therapy cancer repopulation and acquired cell-resistance and genetic/molecular-genetic tumor cell heterogeneity (M-CRAC). PPARα/γ agonists provided tumor-type agnostic biomodulatory efficacy across different histologic neoplasias. Tissue editing techniques disclose that wide-ranging functions of PPARα/γ agonists may be on-topic focused for differentially unlocking tumor phenotypes. Low-dose MCT facilitates targeted reprogramming of cancer hallmarks with transcriptional modulators, induction of tumor cell death, M-CRAC control and editing of non-oncogene addiction. Thus, pioglitazone, integrated in tumor tissue editing protocols, is an important biomodulatory drug for addressing urgent therapeutic problems, such as M-CRAC in relapsed or refractory tumor disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Christoph Harrer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Lüke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Pukrop
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lina Ghibelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Albrecht Reichle
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Heudobler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Wu C, Zheng P, Ma L, Xu C, Hu L, Yang Z, Fei F, Shen Z, Zhang X, Wu Z, Cheng H, Mao W, Ke Y. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP2 in Macrophages Acts as an Antiatherosclerotic Regulator in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:202-217. [PMID: 37942607 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages have versatile roles in atherosclerosis. SHP2 (Src homology 2 containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2) has been demonstrated to play a critical role in regulating macrophage activation. However, the mechanism of SHP2 regulation of macrophage function in an atherosclerotic microenvironment remains unknown. METHODS APOE (apolipoprotein E) or LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) null mice treated with SHP099 were fed a Western diet for 8 weeks, while Shp2MKO:ApoE-/- or Shp2MKO:Ldlr-/- mice and exo-AAV8-SHP2E76K/ApoE-/- mice were fed a Western diet for 12 weeks. In vitro, levels of proinflammatory factors and phagocytic function were then studied in mouse peritoneal macrophages. RNA sequencing was used to identify PPARγ (peroxisome proliferative activated receptor γ) as the key downstream molecule. A PPARγ agonist was used to rescue the phenotypes observed in SHP2-deleted mice. RESULTS Pharmacological inhibition and selective deletion in macrophages of SHP2 aggravated atherosclerosis in APOE and LDLR null mice with increased plaque macrophages and apoptotic cells. In vitro, SHP2 deficiency in APOE and LDLR null macrophages enhanced proinflammatory polarization and its efferocytosis was dramatically impaired. Conversely, the expression of gain-of-function mutation of SHP2 in mouse macrophages reduced atherosclerosis. The SHP2 agonist lovastatin repressesed macrophage inflammatory activation and enhanced efferocytosis. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing analysis identified PPARγ as a key downstream transcription factor. PPARγ was decreased in macrophages upon SHP2 deletion and inhibition. Importantly, PPARγ agonist decreased atherosclerosis in SHP2 knockout mice, restored efferocytotic defects, and reduced inflammatory activation in SHP2 deleted macrophages. PPARγ was decreased by the ubiquitin-mediated degradation upon SHP2 inhibition or deletion. Finally, we found that SHP2 was downregulated in atherosclerotic vessels. CONCLUSIONS Overall, SHP2 in macrophages was found to act as an antiatherosclerotic regulator by stabilizing PPARγ in APOE/LDLR null mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China (C.W., L.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (C.W., L.H., W.M.)
| | - Peiyao Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (P.Z., C.X., Z.Y., H.C.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China (L.M.)
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (P.Z., C.X., Z.Y., H.C.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luoxia Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China (C.W., L.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (C.W., L.H., W.M.)
| | - Zhiyi Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (P.Z., C.X., Z.Y., H.C.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Fei
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China (F.F.)
| | - Zhuxia Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, China (Z.S.)
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Respiratory Medicine at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (X.Z., Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziheng Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Z.W.)
| | - Hongqiang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (P.Z., C.X., Z.Y., H.C.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (P.Z., C.X., Z.Y., H.C.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital (W.M.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuehai Ke
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Respiratory Medicine at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (X.Z., Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Peckert-Maier K, Wild AB, Sprißler L, Fuchs M, Beck P, Auger JP, Sinner P, Strack A, Mühl-Zürbes P, Ramadan N, Kunz M, Krönke G, Stich L, Steinkasserer A, Royzman D. Soluble CD83 modulates human-monocyte-derived macrophages toward alternative phenotype, function, and metabolism. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1293828. [PMID: 38162675 PMCID: PMC10755915 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1293828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in macrophage (Mφ) polarization, function, and metabolic signature can foster development of chronic diseases, such as autoimmunity or fibrotic tissue remodeling. Thus, identification of novel therapeutic agents that modulate human Mφ biology is crucial for treatment of such conditions. Herein, we demonstrate that the soluble CD83 (sCD83) protein induces pro-resolving features in human monocyte-derived Mφ biology. We show that sCD83 strikingly increases the expression of inhibitory molecules including ILT-2 (immunoglobulin-like transcript 2), ILT-4, ILT-5, and CD163, whereas activation markers, such as MHC-II and MSR-1, were significantly downregulated. This goes along with a decreased capacity to stimulate alloreactive T cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assays. Bulk RNA sequencing and pathway analyses revealed that sCD83 downregulates pathways associated with pro-inflammatory, classically activated Mφ (CAM) differentiation including HIF-1A, IL-6, and cytokine storm, whereas pathways related to alternative Mφ activation and liver X receptor were significantly induced. By using the LXR pathway antagonist GSK2033, we show that transcription of specific genes (e.g., PPARG, ABCA1, ABCG1, CD36) induced by sCD83 is dependent on LXR activation. In summary, we herein reveal for the first time mechanistic insights into the modulation of human Mφ biology by sCD83, which is a further crucial preclinical study for the establishment of sCD83 as a new therapeutical agent to treat inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Peckert-Maier
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas B. Wild
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laura Sprißler
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fuchs
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp Beck
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Auger
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pia Sinner
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Astrid Strack
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Petra Mühl-Zürbes
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ntilek Ramadan
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Meik Kunz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
- Chair of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Stich
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dmytro Royzman
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich– Alexander Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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9
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Goswami S, Zhang Q, Celik CE, Reich EM, Yilmaz ÖH. Dietary fat and lipid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188984. [PMID: 37722512 PMCID: PMC10937091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has been considered a core hallmark of cancer, in which excessive accumulation of lipids promote cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. Lipid metabolism often includes the digestion and absorption of dietary fat, and the ways in which cancer cells utilize lipids are often influenced by the complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment. Among multiple cancer risk factors, obesity has a positive association with multiple cancer types, while diets like calorie restriction and fasting improve health and delay cancer. Impact of these diets on tumorigenesis or cancer prevention are generally studied on cancer cells, despite heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment. Cancer cells regularly interact with these heterogeneous microenvironmental components, including immune and stromal cells, to promote cancer progression and metastasis, and there is an intricate metabolic crosstalk between these compartments. Here, we focus on discussing fat metabolism and response to dietary fat in the tumor microenvironment, focusing on both immune and stromal components and shedding light on therapeutic strategies surrounding lipid metabolic and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Goswami
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Qiming Zhang
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Cigdem Elif Celik
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Hacettepe Univ, Canc Inst, Department Basic Oncol, Ankara TR-06100, Turkiye
| | - Ethan M Reich
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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10
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Chen J, Huang Y, Liu C, Chi J, Wang Y, Xu L. The role of C-peptide in diabetes and its complications: an updated review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1256093. [PMID: 37745697 PMCID: PMC10512826 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1256093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, diabetes and its complications have seriously affected people's quality of life and become a serious public health problem. C-peptide is not only an indicator of pancreatic β-cell function, but also a biologically active peptide that can bind to cell membrane surface signaling molecules and activate downstream signaling pathways to play antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and inflammatory roles, or regulate cellular transcription through internalization. It is complex how C-peptide is related to diabetic complications. Both deficiencies and overproduction can lead to complications, but their mechanisms of action may be different. C-peptide replacement therapy has shown beneficial effects on diabetic complications in animal models when C-peptide is deficient, but results from clinical trials have been unsatisfactory. The complex pattern of the relationship between C-peptide and diabetic chronic complications has not yet been fully understood. Future basic and clinical studies of C-peptide replacement therapies will need to focus on baseline levels of C-peptide in addition to more attention also needs to be paid to post-treatment C-peptide levels to explore the optimal range of fasting C-peptide and postprandial C-peptide maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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11
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Yu L, Gao Y, Aaron N, Qiang L. A glimpse of the connection between PPARγ and macrophage. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1254317. [PMID: 37701041 PMCID: PMC10493289 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1254317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are ligand-regulated transcription factors that regulate vast cellular activities and serve as an important class of drug targets. Among them, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor family and have been extensively studied for their roles in metabolism, differentiation, development, and cancer, among others. Recently, there has been considerable interest in understanding and defining the function of PPARs and their agonists in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses and their pharmacological potential in combating chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we focus on emerging evidence for the potential role of PPARγ in macrophage biology, which is the prior innate immune executive in metabolic and tissue homeostasis. We also discuss the role of PPARγ as a regulator of macrophage function in inflammatory diseases. Lastly, we discuss the possible application of PPARγ antagonists in metabolic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexiang Yu
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yuen Gao
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Nicole Aaron
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Li Qiang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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12
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Li W, Xie J, Yang L, Yang Y, Yang L, Li L. 15-deoxy-Δ 12,14-prostaglandin J 2 relieved acute liver injury by inhibiting macrophage migration inhibitory factor expression via PPARγ in hepatocyte. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110491. [PMID: 37329807 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) exhibited potential to alleviate liver inflammation in chronic injury but was less studied in acute injury. Acute liver injury was associated with elevated macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels in damaged hepatocytes. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of hepatocyte-derived MIF by 15d-PGJ2 and its subsequent impact on acute liver injury. In vivo, mouse models were established by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intraperitoneal injection, with or without 15d-PGJ2 administration. 15d-PGJ2 treatment reduced the necrotic areas induced by CCl4. In the same mouse model constructed using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-labeled bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice, 15d-PGJ2 reduced CCl4 induced BM-derived macrophage (BMM, EGFP+F4/80+) infiltration and inflammatory cytokine expression. Additionally, 15d-PGJ2 down-regulated liver and serum MIF levels; liver MIF expression was positively correlated with BMM percentage and inflammatory cytokine expression. In vitro, 15d-PGJ2 inhibited Mif expression in hepatocytes. In primary hepatocytes, reactive oxygen species inhibitor (NAC) showed no effect on MIF inhibition by 15d-PGJ2; PPARγ inhibitor (GW9662) abolished 15d-PGJ2 suppressed MIF expression and antagonists (troglitazone, ciglitazone) mimicked its function. In Pparg silenced AML12 cells, the suppression of MIF by 15d-PGJ2 was weakened; 15d-PGJ2 promoted PPARγ activation in AML 12 cells and primary hepatocytes. Furthermore, the conditioned medium of recombinant MIF- and lipopolysaccharide-treated AML12 respectively promoted BMM migration and inflammatory cytokine expression. Conditioned medium of 15d-PGJ2- or siMif-treated injured AML12 suppressed these effects. Collectively, 15d-PGJ2 activated PPARγ to suppress MIF expression in injured hepatocytes, reducing BMM infiltration and pro-inflammatory activation, ultimately alleviating acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jieshi Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuanru Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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13
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Luo M, Zhao Z, Yi J. Osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell in hyperglycemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1150068. [PMID: 37415664 PMCID: PMC10321525 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1150068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been shown to be a clinical risk factor for bone diseases including osteoporosis and fragility. Bone metabolism is a complicated process that requires coordinated differentiation and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Owing to the regenerative properties, BMSCs have laid a robust foundation for their clinical application in various diseases. However, mounting evidence indicates that the osteogenic capability of BMSCs is impaired under high glucose conditions, which is responsible for diabetic bone diseases and greatly reduces the therapeutic efficiency of BMSCs. With the rapidly increasing incidence of DM, a better understanding of the impacts of hyperglycemia on BMSCs osteogenesis and the underlying mechanisms is needed. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge of the osteogenesis of BMSCs in hyperglycemia, the underlying mechanisms, and the strategies to rescue the impaired BMSCs osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianru Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Ma J, Xu Y, Zhang M, Li Y. Geraniol ameliorates acute liver failure induced by lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine via regulating macrophage polarization and NLRP3 inflammasome activation by PPAR-γ methylation Geraniol alleviates acute liver failure. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 210:115467. [PMID: 36849063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Geraniol (Ger), a natural acyclic monoterpene alcohol, has been reported to exert protective effects through anti-inflammation in Acute liver failure (ALF). However, its specific roles and precise mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory effects in ALF have not yet fully explored. We aimed to investigated the hepatoprotective effects and mechanisms of Ger against ALF induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (GaIN). In this study, the liver tissue and serum of LPS/D-GaIN-induced mice were collected. The degree of liver tissue injury was evaluated by HE and TUNEL staining. Serum levels of liver injury markers (ALT and AST) and inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA assays. PCR and western blotting were conducted to determine the expression of inflammatory cytokines, NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins, PPAR-γ pathway-related proteins, DNA Methyltransferases and M1/M2 polarization cytokines. Immunofluorescence staining was used to assess the localization and expression of macrophage markers (F4/80 and CD86), NLRP3 and PPAR-γ. In vitro experiments were performed in macrophages stimulated with LPS with or without IFN-γ. Purification of macrophages and cell apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry. We found that Ger effectively alleviated ALF in mice, specified by the attenuation of liver tissue pathological damage, inhibition of ALT, AST and inflammatory factor levels, and inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Meanwhile, downregulation M1 macrophage polarization may involve in the protective effects of Ger. In vitro, Ger reduced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and apoptosis through regulating PPAR-γ methylation by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization. In conclusion, Ger protects against ALF through suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation and LPS-induced macrophage M1 polarization via modulating PPAR-γ methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Infectious Disease Department, The Second XIANGYA Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Infectious Disease Department, The Second XIANGYA Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Infectious Disease Department, The Second XIANGYA Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Infectious Disease Department, The Second XIANGYA Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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15
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PFOS Induces Lipometabolism Change, Immune Defense, and Endocrine Disorders in Black-Spotted Frogs: Application of Transcriptome Profiling. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Amphibian population declines are closely linked to increasingly serious environmental pollution. Field investigations revealed that perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) distribution was detected in 100% of amphibians. In the present study, global transcriptome sequencing was determined on black-spotted frogs to quantify transcript expression levels and the development of an adverse outcome pathway for PFOS. A total of 1441 differentially expressed genes were identified in the PFOS exposure for 21 d, with 645 being downregulated and 796 upregulated. The gene functions and pathways for lipid metabolism, endocrine system, and immune defense were enriched. An adverse outcome pathway has been proposed, including PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) as the molecular initiating events; followed by changes in lipid metabolism, endocrine system, and immune defense; with an end result of liver damage or even population decline. This research provides molecular insight into the toxicity of PFOS. More research about differentially expressed genes is warranted to further provide the underlying mechanism that is altered as a result of PFOS toxicity in organisms.
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16
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Lee SM, Muratalla J, Karimi S, Diaz-Ruiz A, Frutos MD, Guzman G, Ramos-Molina B, Cordoba-Chacon J. Hepatocyte PPARγ contributes to the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in male and female obese mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:39. [PMID: 36629912 PMCID: PMC10082675 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with obesity and increased expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). However, the relevance of hepatocyte PPARγ in NASH associated with obesity is still poorly understood. In this study, hepatocyte PPARγ was knocked out (PpargΔHep) in male and female mice after the development of high-fat diet-induced obesity. The diet-induced obese mice were then maintained on their original diet or switched to a high fat, cholesterol, and fructose (HFCF) diet to induce NASH. Hepatic PPARγ expression was mostly derived from hepatocytes and increased by high fat diets. PpargΔHep reduced HFCF-induced NASH progression without altering steatosis, reduced the expression of key genes involved in hepatic fibrosis in HFCF-fed male and female mice, and decreased the area of collagen-stained fibrosis in the liver of HFCF-fed male mice. Moreover, transcriptomic and metabolomic data suggested that HFCF-diet regulated hepatic amino acid metabolism in a hepatocyte PPARγ-dependent manner. PpargΔHep increased betaine-homocysteine s-methyltransferase expression and reduced homocysteine levels in HFCF-fed male mice. In addition, in a cohort of 102 obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery with liver biopsies, 16 cases were scored with NASH and were associated with increased insulin resistance and hepatic PPARγ expression. Our study shows that hepatocyte PPARγ expression is associated with NASH in mice and humans. In male mice, hepatocyte PPARγ negatively regulates methionine metabolism and contributes to the progression of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave (North Entrance) Suite E625, M/C 640, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jose Muratalla
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave (North Entrance) Suite E625, M/C 640, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Saman Karimi
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Maria Dolores Frutos
- Department of General and Digestive System Surgery, Virgen de La Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Grace Guzman
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Obesity and Metabolism Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Cordoba-Chacon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave (North Entrance) Suite E625, M/C 640, Chicago, IL, USA.
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17
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Zahr T, Liu L, Chan M, Zhou Q, Cai B, He Y, Aaron N, Accili D, Sun L, Qiang L. PPARγ (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ) Deacetylation Suppresses Aging-Associated Atherosclerosis and Hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:30-44. [PMID: 36453279 PMCID: PMC9917767 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a medical urgency manifesting at the onset of hypercholesterolemia and is associated with aging. Activation of PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) counteracts metabolic dysfunction influenced by aging, and its deacetylation displays an atheroprotective property. Despite the marked increase of PPARγ acetylation during aging, it is unknown whether PPARγ acetylation is a pathogenic contributor to aging-associated atherosclerosis. METHODS Mice with constitutive deacetylation-mimetic PPARγ mutations on lysine residues K268 and K293 (2KR) in an LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-receptor knockout (Ldlr-/-) background (2KR:Ldlr-/-) were aged for 18 months on a standard laboratory diet to examine the cardiometabolic phenotype, which was confirmed in Western-type diet-fed 2KR:Ldlr+/- mice. Whole-liver RNA-sequencing and in vitro studies in bone marrow-derived macrophages were conducted to decipher the mechanism. RESULTS In contrast to severe atherosclerosis in WT:Ldlr-/- mice, aged 2KR:Ldlr-/- mice developed little to no plaque, which was underlain by a significantly improved plasma lipid profile, with particular reductions in circulating LDL. The protection from hypercholesterolemia was recapitulated in Western-type diet-fed 2KR:Ldlr+/- mice. Liver RNA-sequencing analysis revealed suppression of liver inflammation rather than changes in cholesterol metabolism. This anti-inflammatory effect of 2KR was attributed to polarized M2 activation of macrophages. Additionally, the upregulation of core circadian component Bmal1 (brain and muscle ARNT-like 1), perceived to be involved in anti-inflammatory immunity, was observed in the liver and bone marrow-derived macrophages. CONCLUSIONS PPARγ deacetylation in mice prevents the development of aging-associated atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia, in association with the anti-inflammatory phenotype of 2KR macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Zahr
- Department of Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Longhua Liu
- Department of Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michelle Chan
- Department of Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Qiuzhong Zhou
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Bishuang Cai
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ying He
- Department of Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicole Aaron
- Department of Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Domenico Accili
- Department of Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lei Sun
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Li Qiang
- Department of Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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18
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Tang L, Kuang C, Shan D, Shi M, Li J, Qiu L, Yu J. The ethanol extract of Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn attenuates macrophage foam cell formation and atherogenesis in ApoE -/- mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1023438. [PMID: 36505350 PMCID: PMC9729707 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1023438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn is a Tibetan medicine commonly used to prepare herbal tea to alleviate the local people's metabolic diseases. However, the anti-atherosclerotic effect of ethanol extract of the flower of E. gardneri (Wall.) Meisn (EEEG) and its underlying mechanism remain unknown. Methods EEEG was used to treat low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced macrophages to detect macrophage foaminess, cholesterol binding and uptake, and lipid transport-related gene expression. eEEG treated ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks to detect atherosclerotic plaque area, macrophage infiltration, and liver and small intestine lipid transport-related gene expression. Results EEEG inhibited macrophage-derived foam cell formation induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) by reducing CD36-mediated lipoprotein uptake. EEEG significantly alleviated atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. EEEG treatment significantly decreased atherosclerotic plaque area, macrophage infiltration, and increased collagen content. Moreover, EEEG treatment significantly downregulated mRNA expression of hepatic Srb1 and intestinal Npc1l1 and increased expression of hepatic Cyp7a1. Conclusion Our study highlighted that EEEG played a role in attenuating atherosclerotic plaque formation by reducing macrophage foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Tang
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Cuifang Kuang
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Dan Shan
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Centre for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Min Shi
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiangsheng Li
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Liang Qiu
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Liang Qiu
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Centre for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Jun Yu
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19
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Zhao Q, Yu Z, Zhang S, Shen XR, Yang H, Xu Y, Liu Y, Yang L, Zhang Q, Chen J, Lu M, Luo F, Hu M, Gong Y, Xie C, Zhou P, Wang L, Su L, Zhang Z, Cheng L. Metabolic modeling of single bronchoalveolar macrophages reveals regulators of hyperinflammation in COVID-19. iScience 2022; 25:105319. [PMID: 36246577 PMCID: PMC9549388 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces imbalanced immune response such as hyperinflammation in patients with severe COVID-19. Here, we studied the immunometabolic regulatory mechanisms for the pathogenesis of COVID-19. We depicted the metabolic landscape of immune cells, especially macrophages, from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with COVID-19 at single-cell level. We found that most metabolic processes were upregulated in macrophages from lungs of patients with mild COVID-19 compared to cells from healthy controls, whereas macrophages from severe COVID-19 showed downregulation of most of the core metabolic pathways including glutamate metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, citrate cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, and upregulation of a few pathways such as glycolysis. Rewiring cellular metabolism by amino acid supplementation, glycolysis inhibition, or PPARγ stimulation reduces inflammation in macrophages stimulated with SARS-CoV-2. Altogether, this study demonstrates that metabolic imbalance of bronchoalveolar macrophages may contribute to hyperinflammation in patients with severe COVID-19 and provides insights into treating COVID-19 by immunometabolic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuchen Zhao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhenyang Yu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shengyuan Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Xu-Rui Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Mine Hospital, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- School of Computer Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mengmeng Lu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mingming Hu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lishan Su
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology and Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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20
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Pan Z, Du G, Li G, Wu D, Chen X, Geng Z. Apolipoprotein H: a novel regulator of fat accumulation in duck myoblasts. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:1199-1214. [PMID: 36812035 PMCID: PMC9890340 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein H (APOH) primarily engages in fat metabolism and inflammatory disease response. This study aimed to investigate the effects of APOH on fat synthesis in duck myoblasts (CS2s) by APOH overexpression and knockdown. CS2s overexpressing APOH showed enhanced triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (CHOL) contents and elevated the mRNA and protein expression of AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 (ELOVL6), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) while reducing the expression of protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG), acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1 (ACSL1), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The results showed that knockdown of APOH in CS2s reduced the content of TG and CHOL, reduced the expression of ACC1, ELOVL6, and AKT1, and increased the gene and protein expression of PPARG, LPL, ACSL1, and AMPK. Our results showed that APOH affected lipid deposition in myoblasts by inhibiting fatty acid beta-oxidation and promoting fatty acid biosynthesis by regulating the expression of the AKT/AMPK pathway. This study provides the necessary basic information for the role of APOH in fat accumulation in duck myoblasts for the first time and enables researchers to study the genes related to fat deposition in meat ducks in a new direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology,
Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guoqing Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology,
Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guoyu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology,
Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dongsheng Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology,
Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xingyong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology,
Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China,Corresponding author: Xingyong Chen,
College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei
230036, China. Tel: +86-15605510863, E-mail:
| | - Zhaoyu Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology,
Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China,Corresponding author: Xingyong Chen,
College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei
230036, China. Tel: +86-15605510863, E-mail:
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21
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Narasimhan A, Flores RR, Camell CD, Bernlohr DA, Robbins PD, Niedernhofer LJ. Cellular Senescence in Obesity and Associated Complications: a New Therapeutic Target. Curr Diab Rep 2022; 22:537-548. [PMID: 36239841 PMCID: PMC10123542 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-022-01493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity has increased worldwide recently and represents a major global health challenge. This review focuses on the obesity-associated cellular senescence in various organs and the role of these senescent cells (SnCs) in driving complications associated with obesity. Also, the ability to target SnCs pharmacologically with drugs termed senotherapeutics as a therapy for these complications is discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Several studies have shown a positive correlation between obesity and SnC burden in organs such as adipose tissue, liver, and pancreatic-β-cells. These SnCs produce several secretory factors which affect other cells and tissues in a paracrine manner resulting in organ dysfunction. The accumulation of SnCs in adipocytes affects their lipid storage and impairs adipogenesis. The inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) of SnCs downregulates the antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial function in tissues. Senescent hepatocytes cannot oxidize fatty acids, which leads to lipid deposition and senescence in β-cells decrease function. These and other adverse effects of SnCs contribute to insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes. The reduction in the SnC burden genetically or pharmacologically improves the complications associated with obesity. The accumulation of SnCs with age and disease accelerates aging. Obesity is a key driver of SnC accumulation, and the complications associated with obesity can be controlled by reducing the SnC burden. Thus, senotherapeutic drugs have the potential to be an effective therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akilavalli Narasimhan
- Institute On the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Rafael R Flores
- Institute On the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Christina D Camell
- Institute On the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Institute On the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Institute On the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Institute On the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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22
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Macrophage immunometabolism in inflammatory bowel diseases: From pathogenesis to therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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Li H, Meng Y, He S, Tan X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang L, Zheng W. Macrophages, Chronic Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193001. [PMID: 36230963 PMCID: PMC9562180 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has reached alarming levels, which is considered a major risk factor for several metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic fatty liver, atherosclerosis, and ischemic cardiovascular disease. Obesity-induced chronic, low-grade inflammation may lead to insulin resistance, and it is well-recognized that macrophages play a major role in such inflammation. In the current review, the molecular mechanisms underlying macrophages, low-grade tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, and T2D are described. Also, the role of macrophages in obesity-induced insulin resistance is presented, and therapeutic drugs and recent advances targeting macrophages for the treatment of T2D are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ya Meng
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuwang He
- Shandong DYNE Marine Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Rongcheng 264300, China
| | - Xiaochuan Tan
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +86-010-63165233 (W.Z.)
| | - Wensheng Zheng
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +86-010-63165233 (W.Z.)
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24
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Ghodsian N, Yeandle A, Hock BD, Gieseg SP. CD36 down regulation by the macrophage antioxidant 7,8-dihydroneopterin through modulation of PPAR-γ activity. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:366-377. [PMID: 36017639 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2114904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CD36 is the key scavenger receptor driving the formation of cholesterol loaded foam cells, the principal cellular component of atherosclerotic plaques. CD36 is down regulated by 7,8-dihydroneopterin, a potent superoxide and hypochlorite scavenging antioxidant generated by interferon-γ stimulated macrophages. 7,8-dihydroneopterin down regulates CD36 mRNA and protein levels so inhibiting macrophage foam cell formation in vitro.We examined the mechanism of 7,8-dihydroneopterin down regulation of CD36 by measuring CD36 and PPAR-γ levels by western blot analysis, in the monocyte-like U937 cells with a range of PPAR-γ stimulants and inhibitors. Lipoxygenase activity was measured by monitoring linoleic acid oxidation at 234 nm for diene formation.Between 100 and 200 μM, 7,8-dihydroneopterin decreased CD36 levels by 50% within 12 hours with levels dropping below 25% by 24 hours. CD36 levels returned to basal levels after 24 hours. Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide show 7,8-dihydroneopterin had no effect on CD36 degradation rates. PPAR-γ levels were not altered by the addition of 7,8-dihydroneopterin. MAP Kinase, P38 and NF-κB pathways inhibitors SP600125, PD98059, SB202190 and BAY 11-7082 respectively, did not restore the CD36 levels in the presence of 7,8-dihydroneopterin. The addition the lipophilic PPAR-γ activators rosiglitazone and azelaoyl-PAF prevented the CD36 down regulation by 7,8-dihydroneopterin. 7,8-dihydroneopterin inhibited soybean lipoxygenase and reduced U937 cell basal levels of cellular lipid oxides as measured by HPLC-TBARS analysis.The data shows 7,8-dihydroneopterin down regulates CD36 expression by decreasing the level of lipid oxide stimulation of PPAR-γ promotor activity, potentially through lipoxygenase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Ghodsian
- Free Radical Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Anthony Yeandle
- Free Radical Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Barry D Hock
- Haematology Research Group, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand
| | - Steven P Gieseg
- Free Radical Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Radiology, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand.,MARS Bioimaging Ltd., 29a Clyde Rd, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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25
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152432. [PMID: 35954274 PMCID: PMC9368267 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) function as nuclear transcription factors upon the binding of physiological or pharmacological ligands and heterodimerization with retinoic X receptors. Physiological ligands include fatty acids and fatty-acid-derived compounds with low specificity for the different PPAR subtypes (alpha, beta/delta, and gamma). For each of the PPAR subtypes, specific pharmacological agonists and antagonists, as well as pan-agonists, are available. In agreement with their natural ligands, PPARs are mainly focused on as targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and its associated complications. Nevertheless, many publications are available that implicate PPARs in malignancies. In several instances, they are controversial for very similar models. Thus, to better predict the potential use of PPAR modulators for personalized medicine in therapies against malignancies, it seems necessary and timely to review the three PPARs in relation to the didactic concept of cancer hallmark capabilities. We previously described the functions of PPAR beta/delta with respect to the cancer hallmarks and reviewed the implications of all PPARs in angiogenesis. Thus, the current review updates our knowledge on PPAR beta and the hallmarks of cancer and extends the concept to PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wagner
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (K.-D.W.); Tel.: +33-489-153-713 (K.-D.W.)
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26
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Structural and functional characterization of turbot pparγ: Activation during high temperature and regulation of lipid metabolism. J Therm Biol 2022; 108:103279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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PPAR gamma ligands regulate the expression of inflammatory mediators in porcine endometrium during LPS-induced inflammation. Theriogenology 2022; 187:195-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Kaba S, Kawai Y, Tanigami Y, Ohnishi H, Kita T, Yoshimatsu M, Omori K, Kishimoto Y. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonist Attenuates Vocal Fold Fibrosis in Rats via Regulation of Macrophage Activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:771-782. [PMID: 35189097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages aid in wound healing by changing their phenotype and can be a key driver of fibrosis. However, the contribution of macrophage phenotype to fibrosis following vocal fold injury remains unclear. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is expressed mainly by macrophages during early wound healing and regulates the macrophage phenotype. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARγ agonist, on the macrophage phenotype and fibrosis following vocal fold injury in rats. PIO was injected into the rat vocal folds on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after injury, and the vocal fold lamina propria was evaluated on days 4 and 56 after injury. Moreover, THP-1-derived macrophages were treated with PIO, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines under lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ stimulation was analyzed. PIO reduced the expression of Ccl2 both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, PIO decreased the density of inducible nitric oxide synthase+ CD68+ macrophages and inhibited the expression of fibrosis-related factors on day 4 after injury. On day 56 after injury, PIO inhibited fibrosis, tissue contracture, and hyaluronic acid loss in a PPARγ-dependent manner. These results indicate that PPARγ activation could inhibit accumulation of inflammatory macrophages and improve tissue repair. Taken together, these findings imply that inflammatory macrophages play a key role in vocal fold fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kaba
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kawai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanigami
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroe Ohnishi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kita
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yoshimatsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Field of Sensory Organology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yo Kishimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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29
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Trindade da Silva CA, Clemente-Napimoga JT, Abdalla HB, Basting RT, Napimoga MH. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and its immunomodulation function: current understanding and future therapeutic implications. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:295-303. [PMID: 35481412 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2071697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Pain is a multidimensional experience involving the biological, psychological, and social dimensions of each individual. Particularly, the biological aspects of pain conditions are a response of the neuroimmunology system and the control of painful conditions is a worldwide challenge for researchers. Although years of investigation on pain experience and treatment exist, the high prevalence of chronic pain is still a fact. AREAS COVERED : Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. It regulates several metabolic pathways, including lipid biosynthesis and glucose metabolism, when activated. However, PPARγ activation also has a critical immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effect. EXPERT OPINION : This review summarizes the evidence of synthetic or natural PPARγ ligands such as 15d-PGJ2, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, thiazolidinediones, and specialized pro-resolving mediators, representing an interesting therapeutic tool for pain control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Antonio Trindade da Silva
- Laboratoy of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Trindade Clemente-Napimoga
- Laboratoy of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Ballassini Abdalla
- Laboratoy of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosanna Tarkany Basting
- Laboratoy of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Napimoga
- Laboratoy of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic Campinas, SP, Brazil
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30
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Kiran S, Rakib A, Kodidela S, Kumar S, Singh UP. High-Fat Diet-Induced Dysregulation of Immune Cells Correlates with Macrophage Phenotypes and Chronic Inflammation in Adipose Tissue. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081327. [PMID: 35456006 PMCID: PMC9031506 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease associated with various metabolic abnormalities, cardiovascular diseases, and low-grade chronic inflammation. Inflammation associated with T helper 1 (Th1) immune cells is dominant in adipose tissue (AT) and exerts metabolically deleterious impacts. The precise mechanism of alteration in AT immune system and its effect on metabolic homeostasis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated how a high-fat diet (HFD) alters the AT immune response and influences inflammation during obesity. HFD consumption amends the metabolic parameters, including body weight, glucose, and insulin levels. We observed increased infiltration of Th17 cells, a subset of dendritic cells (CD103+), and M1 macrophages in AT of mice fed HFD compared to those fed a normal diet (ND). In mice that were fed HFD, we also observed a reduction in regulatory T cells (Tregs) relative to the numbers of these cells in mice fed ND. Corresponding with this, mice in the HFD group exhibited higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines than those in the ND group. We also observed alterations in signaling pathways, including increased protein expression of IRF3, TGFβ1, and mRNA expression of IL-6, KLF4, and STAT3 in the AT of the mice fed HFD as compared to those fed ND. Further, HFD-fed mice exhibited decreased protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) compared to mice fed ND, suggesting that PPAR-γ functions as a negative regulator of Th17 cell differentiation. These results suggest that HFD induces increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and key immune cells, including Th17, M1 macrophages, and CD103+ dendritic cells, and reduces levels of PPAR-γ and Tregs to sustain AT inflammation. This study supports the notion that dysregulation of Th17/Tregs, which polarizes macrophages towards M1 phenotypes in part through TGFβ1-IRF3-STAT3 and negatively regulates PPAR-γ mediated pathways, results in AT inflammation during obesity.
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31
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MicroRNA-511-3p Mediated Modulation of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) Controls LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Human Monocyte Derived DCs. IMMUNO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor expressed in dendritic cells (DCs), where it exerts anti-inflammatory responses against TLR4-induced inflammation. Recently, microRNA-511 (miR-511) has also emerged as a key player in controlling TLR4-mediated signalling and in regulating the function of DCs. Interestingly, PPARγ has been previously highlighted as a putative target of miR-511 activity; however, the link between miR-511 and PPARγ and its influence on human DC function within the context of LPS-induced inflammatory responses is unknown. Using a selection of miR-511-3p-specific inhibitors and mimics, we demonstrate for the first time that knockdown or overexpression of miR-511-3p inversely correlates with PPARγ mRNA levels and affects its transcriptional activity following treatment with rosiglitazone (RSG; PPARγ agonist), in the presence or absence of LPS. Additionally, we show that PPARγ-mediated suppression of DC activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in miR-511-3p knockdown DCs is abrogated following overexpression of miR-511-3p. Lastly, PPARγ activation suppressed LPS-mediated induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity in DCs, most likely due to changes in miR-511-3p expression. Our data thus suggests that PPARγ-induced modulation of DC phenotype and function is influenced by miR-511-3p expression, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target against inflammatory diseases.
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Kim J, Kim SY, Ma SX, Kim SM, Shin SJ, Lee YS, Chang H, Chang HS, Park CS, Lim SB. PPARγ Targets-Derived Diagnostic and Prognostic Index for Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205110. [PMID: 34680260 PMCID: PMC8533916 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Through targeted next-generation sequencing of thyroid cancer-related genes in monozygotic twins with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), we identified common variants of the gene encoding peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG). Notably, the expression levels of PPARγ target genes were frequently deregulated in PTC compared to benign tissues and were closely associated with disease-specific survival (DSS) outcomes in a TCGA-PTC cohort. Machine learning-powered personalized scoring index comprising 10 PPARγ targets, termed as PPARGi, achieved a near-perfect accuracy in distinguishing cancers from benign tissues, and further identified a small subpopulation of patients at high-risk across different profiling platforms. Abstract In most cases, papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is highly curable and associated with an excellent prognosis. Yet, there are several clinicopathological features that lead to a poor prognosis, underscoring the need for a better genomic strategy to refine prognostication and patient management. We hypothesized that PPARγ targets could be potential markers for better diagnosis and prognosis due to the variants found in PPARG in three pairs of monozygotic twins with PTC. Here, we developed a 10-gene personalized prognostic index, designated PPARGi, based on gene expression of 10 PPARγ targets. Through scRNA-seq data analysis of PTC tissues derived from patients, we found that PPARGi genes were predominantly expressed in macrophages and epithelial cells. Machine learning algorithms showed a near-perfect performance of PPARGi in deciding the presence of the disease and in selecting a small subset of patients with poor disease-specific survival in TCGA-THCA and newly developed merged microarray data (MMD) consisting exclusively of thyroid cancers and normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Shi-Xun Ma
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Seok-Mo Kim
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (Y.S.L.); (H.C.); (H.-S.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.-M.K.); (S.B.L.); Tel.: +82-2-2019-3370 (S.-M.K.); +82-31-219-5056 (S.B.L.)
| | - Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea;
| | - Yong Sang Lee
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (Y.S.L.); (H.C.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Hojin Chang
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (Y.S.L.); (H.C.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Hang-Seok Chang
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (Y.S.L.); (H.C.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Cheong Soo Park
- CHA Ilsan Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Goyang-si 10414, Korea;
| | - Su Bin Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.-M.K.); (S.B.L.); Tel.: +82-2-2019-3370 (S.-M.K.); +82-31-219-5056 (S.B.L.)
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Chen CH, Leu SJJ, Hsu CP, Pan CC, Shyue SK, Lee TS. Atypical antipsychotic drugs deregulate the cholesterol metabolism of macrophage-foam cells by activating NOX-ROS-PPARγ-CD36 signaling pathway. Metabolism 2021; 123:154847. [PMID: 34364926 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical reports indicate that schizophrenia patients taking atypical antipsychotic drugs suffer from metabolism diseases including atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the detrimental effect of atypical antipsychotic drugs on atherosclerosis remain to be explored. METHODS In this study, we used apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoe-/-) hyperlipidemic mice and apoe-/-cd36-/- mice to investigate the underlying mechanism of atypical antipsychotic drugs on atherosclerosis and macrophage-foam cells. RESULTS In vivo studies showed that genetic deletion of cd36 gene ablated the pro-atherogenic effect of olanzapine in apoe-/- mice. Moreover, in vitro studies revealed that genetic deletion or siRNA-mediated knockdown of cd36 or pharmacological inhibition of CD36 prevented atypical antipsychotic drugs-induced oxLDL accumulation in macrophages. Additionally, olanzapine and clozapine activated NADPH oxidase (NOX) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) which upregulated the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and subsequently elevated CD36 expression. Inhibition of NOX activity, ROS production or PPARγ activity suppressed CD36 expression and abolished the detrimental effects of olanzapine and clozapine on oxLDL accumulation in macrophages. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results suggest that atypical antipsychotic drugs exacerbate atherosclerosis and macrophage-foam cell formation by activating the NOX-ROS-PPARγ-CD36 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hui Chen
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shr-Jeng Jim Leu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Po Hsu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chian Pan
- Cardiovascular Division, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Song-Kun Shyue
- Cardiovascular Division, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tzong-Shyuan Lee
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Narasimhan A, Flores RR, Robbins PD, Niedernhofer LJ. Role of Cellular Senescence in Type II Diabetes. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6345039. [PMID: 34363464 PMCID: PMC8386762 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a cell fate that occurs in response to numerous types of stress and can promote tissue repair or drive inflammation and disruption of tissue homeostasis depending on the context. Aging and obesity lead to an increase in the senescent cell burden in multiple organs. Senescent cells release a myriad of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors that directly mediate pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, adipose tissue dysfunction, and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, which promote the onset of type II diabetes mellitus. In addition, hyperglycemia and metabolic changes seen in diabetes promote cellular senescence. Diabetes-induced cellular senescence contributes to various diabetic complications. Thus, type II diabetes is both a cause and consequence of cellular senescence. This review summarizes recent studies on the link between aging, obesity, and diabetes, focusing on the role of cellular senescence in disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akilavalli Narasimhan
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 55455, USA
| | - Rafael R Flores
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 55455, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 55455, USA
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 55455, USA
- Correspondence: Laura J. Niedernhofer, MD, PhD, Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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35
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Use of Lipid-Modifying Agents for the Treatment of Glomerular Diseases. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11080820. [PMID: 34442464 PMCID: PMC8401447 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although dyslipidemia is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), it is more common in nephrotic syndrome (NS), and guidelines for the management of hyperlipidemia in NS are largely opinion-based. In addition to the role of circulating lipids, an increasing number of studies suggest that intrarenal lipids contribute to the progression of glomerular diseases, indicating that proteinuric kidney diseases may be a form of "fatty kidney disease" and that reducing intracellular lipids could represent a new therapeutic approach to slow the progression of CKD. In this review, we summarize recent progress made in the utilization of lipid-modifying agents to lower renal parenchymal lipid accumulation and to prevent or reduce kidney injury. The agents mentioned in this review are categorized according to their specific targets, but they may also regulate other lipid-relevant pathways.
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36
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Natoli G, Pileri F, Gualdrini F, Ghisletti S. Integration of transcriptional and metabolic control in macrophage activation. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e53251. [PMID: 34328708 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages react to microbial and endogenous danger signals by activating a broad panel of effector and homeostatic responses. Such responses entail rapid and stimulus-specific changes in gene expression programs accompanied by extensive rewiring of metabolism, with alterations in chromatin modifications providing one layer of integration of transcriptional and metabolic regulation. A systematic and mechanistic understanding of the mutual influences between signal-induced metabolic changes and gene expression is still lacking. Here, we discuss current evidence, controversies, knowledge gaps, and future areas of investigation on how metabolic and transcriptional changes are dynamically integrated during macrophage activation. The cross-talk between metabolism and inflammatory gene expression is in part accounted for by alterations in the production, usage, and availability of metabolic intermediates that impact the macrophage epigenome. In addition, stimulus-inducible gene expression changes alter the production of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide, that in turn modulate the activity of metabolic enzymes thus determining complex regulatory loops. Critical issues remain to be understood, notably whether and how metabolic rewiring can bring about gene-specific (as opposed to global) expression changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Pileri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Gualdrini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Ghisletti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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37
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Ishikiriyama T, Nakashima H, Endo-Umeda K, Nakashima M, Ito S, Kinoshita M, Ikarashi M, Makishima M, Seki S. Contrasting functional responses of resident Kupffer cells and recruited liver macrophages to irradiation and liver X receptor stimulation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254886. [PMID: 34297734 PMCID: PMC8301620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the murine liver, there are two major macrophage populations, namely resident Kupffer cells (resKCs) with phagocytic activity and recruited macrophages (recMφs) with cytokine-producing capacity. This study was performed to clarify the functional differences between these two populations, focusing on their susceptibility to radiation and response to stimulation via liver X receptors (LXRs), which are implicated in cholesterol metabolism and immune regulation. Liver mononuclear cells (MNCs) were obtained from C57BL/6 (WT) mice with or without 2 Gy irradiation, and the phagocytic activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) as well as TNF-α production were compared between the two macrophage populations. To assess LXR functions, phagocytosis, TNF-α production, and endocytosis of acetylated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were compared after synthetic LXR ligand stimulation. Furthermore, LXRα/β knockout (KO) mice and LXRα KO mice were compared with WT mice. Irradiation decreased intracellular TNF-α production by recMφs but did not affect the phagocytic activity of resKCs. In vitro LXR stimulation enhanced E. coli phagocytosis by resKCs but decreased E. coli-stimulated TNF-α production by recMφs. Phagocytic activity and acetylated LDL endocytosis were decreased in both LXRα/β KO mice and LXRα KO mice, with serum TNF-α levels after E. coli injection in the former being higher than those in WT mice. In conclusion, resKCs and recMφs exhibited different functional features in response to radiation and LXR stimulation, highlighting their distinct roles liver immunity and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ishikiriyama
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakashima
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kaori Endo-Umeda
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakashima
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Seigo Ito
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Manabu Kinoshita
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masami Ikarashi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhji Seki
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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38
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Santamarina AB, Pisani LP, Baker EJ, Marat AD, Valenzuela CA, Miles EA, Calder PC. Anti-inflammatory effects of oleic acid and the anthocyanin keracyanin alone and in combination: effects on monocyte and macrophage responses and the NF-κB pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:7909-7922. [PMID: 34250536 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01304a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte recruitment and activation of macrophages are essential for homeostasis but are also related to the development and progression of cardiometabolic diseases. The management of inflammation with dietary components has been widely investigated. Two components that may influence inflammation are unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid (OA; 18:1cis-9) and antioxidant compounds like anthocyanins. Molecular and metabolic effects of such bioactive compounds are usually investigated in isolation, whereas they may be present in combination in foods or the diet. Considering this, we aimed to analyze the effects of OA and the anthocyanin keracyanin (AC) alone and in combination on toll-like receptor-mediated inflammatory responses in monocytes and macrophages. For this, THP-1-derived macrophages and monocytes were exposed to 3 treatments: OA, AC, or the combination (OAAC) and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Inflammation-related gene expression and protein concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, and IL-10 were assessed. Also, NFκBp65, IκBα, and PPAR-γ protein expression were determined. OA, AC, and OAAC decreased pNFκBp65, PPARγ, IκBα, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1 and increased IL-10. MCP-1 protein expression was lower with OAAC than with either OA and AC alone. Compared to control, OAAC decreased mRNA for TLR4, IκKα, IκBα, NFκB1, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β more than OA or AC did alone. Also, IL-10 mRNA was increased by OAAC compared with control, OA, and AC. In summary, OA and AC have anti-inflammatory effects individually but their combination (OAAC) exerts a greater effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline B Santamarina
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 11015-020, Brazil
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Escandon P, Vasini B, Whelchel AE, Nicholas SE, Matlock HG, Ma JX, Karamichos D. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in healthy and diseased eyes. Exp Eye Res 2021; 208:108617. [PMID: 34010603 PMCID: PMC8594540 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear receptors that play essential roles in modulating cell differentiation, inflammation, and metabolism. Three subtypes of PPARs are known: PPAR-alpha (PPARα), PPAR-gamma (PPARγ), and PPAR-beta/delta (PPARβ/δ). PPARα activation reduces lipid levels and regulates energy homeostasis, activation of PPARγ results in regulation of adipogenesis, and PPARβ/δ activation increases fatty acid metabolism and lipolysis. PPARs are linked to various diseases, including but not limited to diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, glaucoma and atherosclerosis. In the past decade, numerous studies have assessed the functional properties of PPARs in the eye and key PPAR mechanisms have been discovered, particularly regarding the retina and cornea. PPARγ and PPARα are well established in their functions in ocular homeostasis regarding neuroprotection, neovascularization, and inflammation, whereas PPARβ/δ isoform function remains understudied. Naturally, studies on PPAR agonists and antagonists, associated with ocular pathology, have also gained traction with the development of PPAR synthetic ligands. Studies on PPARs has significantly influenced novel therapeutics for diabetic eye disease, ocular neuropathy, dry eye, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this review, therapeutic potentials and implications will be highlighted, as well as reported adverse effects. Further investigations are necessary before any of the PPARs ligands can be utilized, in the clinics, to treat eye diseases. Future research on the prominent role of PPARs will help unravel the complex mechanisms involved in order to prevent and treat ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Escandon
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Brenda Vasini
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Amy E Whelchel
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L Young, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sarah E Nicholas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - H Greg Matlock
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L Young, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L Young, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Harold Hamm Oklahoma Diabetes Center, 1000 N Lincoln Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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He Z, Li X, Han S, Ren B, Hu X, Li N, Du X, Ni J, Yang X, Liu Q. Bis(ethylmaltolato)oxidovanadium (IV) attenuates amyloid-beta-mediated neuroinflammation by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway via a PPARγ-dependent mechanism. Metallomics 2021; 13:6298233. [PMID: 34124763 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. During brain neuroinflammation, activated microglial cells resulting from amyloid-beta (Aβ) overload trigger toxic proinflammatory responses. Bis(ethylmaltolato)oxidovanadium (BEOV) (IV), an important vanadium compound, has been reported to have anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective effects, but its anti-inflammatory property has rarely been investigated. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of BEOV on neuroinflammation were revealed in both Aβ-stimulated BV2 microglial cell line and APPswe/PS1E9 transgenic mouse brain. BEOV administration significantly decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 both in the hippocampus of APPswe/PS1E9 mice and in the Aβ-stimulated BV2 microglia. Furthermore, BEOV suppressed the Aβ-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling and upregulated the protein expression level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in a dose-dependent manner. PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 could eliminate the effect of BEOV on Aβ-induced NF-κB activation and proinflammatory mediator production. Taken altogether, these findings suggested that BEOV ameliorates Aβ-stimulated neuroinflammation by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway through a PPARγ-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Shuangxue Han
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Bingyu Ren
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Xia Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Nan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiubo Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.,Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiazuan Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xiaogai Yang
- State Key Laboratories of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Leptin in Atherosclerosis: Focus on Macrophages, Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115446. [PMID: 34064112 PMCID: PMC8196747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing adipose tissue mass in obesity directly correlates with elevated circulating leptin levels. Leptin is an adipokine known to play a role in numerous biological processes including regulation of energy homeostasis, inflammation, vascular function and angiogenesis. While physiological concentrations of leptin may exhibit multiple beneficial effects, chronically elevated pathophysiological levels or hyperleptinemia, characteristic of obesity and diabetes, is a major risk factor for development of atherosclerosis. Hyperleptinemia results in a state of selective leptin resistance such that while beneficial metabolic effects of leptin are dampened, deleterious vascular effects of leptin are conserved attributing to vascular dysfunction. Leptin exerts potent proatherogenic effects on multiple vascular cell types including macrophages, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells; these effects are mediated via an interaction of leptin with the long form of leptin receptor, abundantly expressed in atherosclerotic plaques. This review provides a summary of recent in vivo and in vitro studies that highlight a role of leptin in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic complications associated with obesity and diabetes.
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Alaaeddine RA, Elzahhar PA, AlZaim I, Abou-Kheir W, Belal ASF, El-Yazbi AF. The Emerging Role of COX-2, 15-LOX and PPARγ in Metabolic Diseases and Cancer: An Introduction to Novel Multi-target Directed Ligands (MTDLs). Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2260-2300. [PMID: 32867639 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200820173853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports an intertwining framework for the involvement of different inflammatory pathways in a common pathological background for a number of disorders. Of importance are pathways involving arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX). Both enzyme activities and their products are implicated in a range of pathophysiological processes encompassing metabolic impairment leading to adipose inflammation and the subsequent vascular and neurological disorders, in addition to various pro- and antitumorigenic effects. A further layer of complexity is encountered by the disparate, and often reciprocal, modulatory effect COX-2 and 15-LOX activities and metabolites exert on each other or on other cellular targets, the most prominent of which is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Thus, effective therapeutic intervention with such multifaceted disorders requires the simultaneous modulation of more than one target. Here, we describe the role of COX-2, 15-LOX, and PPARγ in cancer and complications of metabolic disorders, highlight the value of designing multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) modifying their activity, and summarizing the available literature regarding the rationale and feasibility of design and synthesis of these ligands together with their known biological effects. We speculate on the potential impact of MTDLs in these disorders as well as emphasize the need for structured future effort to translate these early results facilitating the adoption of these, and similar, molecules in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Alaaeddine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Perihan A Elzahhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed S F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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43
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Kim D, Chung H, Lee JE, Kim J, Hwang J, Chung Y. Immunologic Aspects of Dyslipidemia: a Critical Regulator of Adaptive Immunity and Immune Disorders. J Lipid Atheroscler 2021; 10:184-201. [PMID: 34095011 PMCID: PMC8159760 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2021.10.2.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases which represent a leading cause of death in humans. Diverse immune cells are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Conversely, dyslipidemia is known to be tightly associated with immune disorders in humans, as evidenced by a higher incidence of atherosclerosis in patients with autoimmune diseases including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Given that the dyslipidemia-related autoimmune diseases are caused by autoreactive T cells and B cells, dyslipidemia seems to directly or indirectly regulate the adaptive immunity. Indeed, accumulating evidence has unveiled that proatherogenic factors can impact the differentiation and function of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells. This review discusses an updated overview on the regulation of adaptive immunity by dyslipidemia and proposes a potential therapeutic strategy for immune disorders by targeting lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehong Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hayeon Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Lee
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junseok Hwang
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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44
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Mota AC, Dominguez M, Weigert A, Snodgrass RG, Namgaladze D, Brüne B. Lysosome-Dependent LXR and PPARδ Activation Upon Efferocytosis in Human Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637778. [PMID: 34025647 PMCID: PMC8137840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Efferocytosis is critical for tissue homeostasis, as its deregulation is associated with several autoimmune pathologies. While engulfing apoptotic cells, phagocytes activate transcription factors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) or liver X receptors (LXR) that orchestrate metabolic, phagocytic, and inflammatory responses towards the ingested material. Coordination of these transcription factors in efferocytotic human macrophages is not fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the transcriptional profile of macrophages following the uptake of apoptotic Jurkat T cells using RNA-seq analysis. Results indicated upregulation of PPAR and LXR pathways but downregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP) target genes. Pharmacological inhibition and RNA interference pointed to LXR and PPARδ as relevant transcriptional regulators, while PPARγ did not substantially contribute to gene regulation. Mechanistically, lysosomal digestion and lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA) were required for PPAR and LXR activation, while PPARδ activation also demanded an active lysosomal phospholipase A2 (PLA2G15). Pharmacological interference with LXR signaling attenuated ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux from efferocytotic macrophages, but suppression of inflammatory responses following efferocytosis occurred independently of LXR and PPARδ. These data provide mechanistic details on LXR and PPARδ activation in efferocytotic human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Mota
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Monica Dominguez
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ryan G Snodgrass
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dmitry Namgaladze
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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45
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Lin P, Ji HH, Li YJ, Guo SD. Macrophage Plasticity and Atherosclerosis Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:679797. [PMID: 34026849 PMCID: PMC8138136 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.679797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease starting with the entry of monocytes into the subendothelium and the subsequent differentiation into macrophages. Macrophages are the major immune cells in atherosclerotic plaques and are involved in the dynamic progression of atherosclerotic plaques. The biological properties of atherosclerotic plaque macrophages determine lesion size, composition, and stability. The heterogenicity and plasticity of atherosclerotic macrophages have been a hotspot in recent years. Studies demonstrated that lipids, cytokines, chemokines, and other molecules in the atherosclerotic plaque microenvironment regulate macrophage phenotype, contributing to the switch of macrophages toward a pro- or anti-atherosclerosis state. Of note, M1/M2 classification is oversimplified and only represent two extreme states of macrophages. Moreover, M2 macrophages in atherosclerosis are not always protective. Understanding the phenotypic diversity and functions of macrophages can disclose their roles in atherosclerotic plaques. Given that lipid-lowering therapy cannot completely retard the progression of atherosclerosis, macrophages with high heterogeneity and plasticity raise the hope for atherosclerosis regression. This review will focus on the macrophage phenotypic diversity, its role in the progression of the dynamic atherosclerotic plaque, and finally discuss the possibility of treating atherosclerosis by targeting macrophage microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lin
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hong-Hai Ji
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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46
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Noruddin NAA, Hamzah MF, Rosman Z, Salin NH, Shu-Chien AC, Muhammad TST. Natural Compound 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al from Momordica charantia Acts as PPARγ Ligand. Molecules 2021; 26:2682. [PMID: 34063700 PMCID: PMC8124227 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia is a popular vegetable associated with effective complementary and alternative diabetes management in some parts of the world. However, the molecular mechanism is less commonly investigated. In this study, we investigated the association between a major cucurbitane triterpenoid isolated from M. charantia, 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al (THCB) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activation and its related activities using cell culture and molecular biology techniques. In this study, we report on both M. charantia fruit crude extract and THCB in driving the luciferase activity of Peroxisome Proliferator Response Element, associated with PPARγ activation. Other than that, THCB also induced adipocyte differentiation at far less intensity as compared to the full agonist rosiglitazone. In conjunction, THCB treatment on adipocytes also resulted in upregulation of PPAR gamma target genes expression; AP2, adiponectin, LPL and CD34 at a lower magnitude compared to rosiglitazone's induction. THCB also induced glucose uptake into muscle cells and the mechanism is via Glut4 translocation to the cell membrane. In conclusion, THCB acts as one of the many components in M. charantia to induce hypoglycaemic effect by acting as PPARγ ligand and inducing glucose uptake activity in the muscles by means of Glut4 translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Adelina Ahmad Noruddin
- National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia-Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (NIBM-IPharm), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Blok 5A, Halaman Bukit Gambir 11700, Malaysia; (N.A.A.N.); (M.F.H.); (Z.R.); (N.H.S.)
| | - Mohamad Faiz Hamzah
- National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia-Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (NIBM-IPharm), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Blok 5A, Halaman Bukit Gambir 11700, Malaysia; (N.A.A.N.); (M.F.H.); (Z.R.); (N.H.S.)
| | - Zulfadli Rosman
- National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia-Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (NIBM-IPharm), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Blok 5A, Halaman Bukit Gambir 11700, Malaysia; (N.A.A.N.); (M.F.H.); (Z.R.); (N.H.S.)
| | - Nurul Hanim Salin
- National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia-Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (NIBM-IPharm), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Blok 5A, Halaman Bukit Gambir 11700, Malaysia; (N.A.A.N.); (M.F.H.); (Z.R.); (N.H.S.)
| | - Alexander Chong Shu-Chien
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia;
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Blok B No. 10, Persiaran Bukit Jambul, Bayan Lepas 11900, Malaysia
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47
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Fang S, Livergood MC, Nakagawa P, Wu J, Sigmund CD. Role of the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors in Hypertension. Circ Res 2021; 128:1021-1039. [PMID: 33793338 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors represent a large family of ligand-activated transcription factors which sense the physiological environment and make long-term adaptations by mediating changes in gene expression. In this review, we will first discuss the fundamental mechanisms by which nuclear receptors mediate their transcriptional responses. We will focus on the PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) family of adopted orphan receptors paying special attention to PPARγ, the isoform with the most compelling evidence as an important regulator of arterial blood pressure. We will review genetic data showing that rare mutations in PPARγ cause severe hypertension and clinical trial data which show that PPARγ activators have beneficial effects on blood pressure. We will detail the tissue- and cell-specific molecular mechanisms by which PPARs in the brain, kidney, vasculature, and immune system modulate blood pressure and related phenotypes, such as endothelial function. Finally, we will discuss the role of placental PPARs in preeclampsia, a life threatening form of hypertension during pregnancy. We will close with a viewpoint on future research directions and implications for developing novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Fang
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center (S.F., P.N., J.W., C.D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa (S.F.)
| | - M Christine Livergood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.C.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Pablo Nakagawa
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center (S.F., P.N., J.W., C.D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center (S.F., P.N., J.W., C.D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center (S.F., P.N., J.W., C.D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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48
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Yao Y, Cai X, Ren F, Ye Y, Wang F, Zheng C, Qian Y, Zhang M. The Macrophage-Osteoclast Axis in Osteoimmunity and Osteo-Related Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664871. [PMID: 33868316 PMCID: PMC8044404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoimmunity is involved in regulating the balance of bone remodeling and resorption, and is essential for maintaining normal bone morphology. The interaction between immune cells and osteoclasts in the bone marrow or joint cavity is the basis of osteoimmunity, in which the macrophage-osteoclast axis plays a vital role. Monocytes or tissue-specific macrophages (macrophages resident in tissues) are an important origin of osteoclasts in inflammatory and immune environment. Although there are many reports on macrophages and osteoclasts, there is still a lack of systematic reviews on the macrophage-osteoclast axis in osteoimmunity. Elucidating the role of the macrophage-osteoclast axis in osteoimmunity is of great significance for the research or treatment of bone damage caused by inflammation and immune diseases. In this article, we introduced in detail the concept of osteoimmunity and the mechanism and regulators of the differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts. Furthermore, we described the role of the macrophage-osteoclast axis in typical bone damage caused by inflammation and immune diseases. These provide a clear knowledge framework for studying macrophages and osteoclasts in inflammatory and immune environments. And targeting the macrophage-osteoclast axis may be an effective strategy to treat bone damage caused by inflammation and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fujia Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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49
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Laval T, Chaumont L, Demangel C. Not too fat to fight: The emerging role of macrophage fatty acid metabolism in immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Immunol Rev 2021; 301:84-97. [PMID: 33559209 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
While the existence of a special relationship between Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and host lipids has long been known, it remains a challenging enigma. It was clearly established that Mtb requires host fatty acids (FAs) and cholesterol to produce energy, build its distinctive lipid-rich cell wall, and produce lipid virulence factors. It was also observed that in infected hosts, Mtb constantly resides in a FA-rich environment that the pathogen contributes to generate by inducing a lipid-laden "foamy" phenotype in host macrophages. These observations and the proximity between lipid droplets and phagosomes containing bacteria within infected macrophages gave rise to the hypothesis that Mtb reprograms host cell lipid metabolism to ensure a continuous supply of essential nutrients and its long-term persistence in vivo. However, recent studies question this principle by indicating that in Mtb-infected macrophages, lipid droplet formation prevents bacterial acquisition of host FAs while supporting the production of FA-derived protective lipid mediators. Further, in vivo investigations reveal discrete macrophage phenotypes linking the FA metabolisms of host cell and intracellular pathogen. Notably, FA storage within lipid droplets characterizes both macrophages controlling Mtb infection and dormant intracellular Mtb. In this review, we integrate findings from immunological and microbiological studies illustrating the new concept that cytoplasmic accumulation of FAs is a metabolic adaptation of macrophages to Mtb infection, which potentiates their antimycobacterial responses and forces the intracellular pathogen to shift into fat-saving, survival mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Laval
- Immunobiology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1221, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lise Chaumont
- Immunobiology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1221, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Demangel
- Immunobiology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1221, Paris, France
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50
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Cao J, Ding K, Pan G, Rosario R, Su Y, Bao Y, Zhou H, Xu J, McGee Lawrence ME, Hamrick MW, Isales CM, Shi X. Deletion of PPARγ in Mesenchymal Lineage Cells Protects Against Aging-Induced Cortical Bone Loss in Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:826-834. [PMID: 32060555 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone loss in aging is linked with chronic low-grade inflammation and the accumulation of marrowfat in animals and humans. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), an adipogenic regulator, plays key roles in these biological processes. However, studies of the roles of PPARγ in age-related bone loss and inflammation are lacking. We hypothesized that deletion of PPARγ in bone marrow mesenchymal lineage cells would reduce bone loss with aging, potentially through a reduction in fat-generated inflammatory responses and an increase in osteoblastic activity. In the present study, we show that mice deficient of PPARγ in Dermo1-expressing mesenchymal lineage cells (Dermo1-Cre:PPARγ fl/fl) have reduced fat mass and increased cortical bone thickness but that deficiency of PPARγ had limited effect on protection of trabecular bone with aging as demonstrated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, µCT, and histomorphometric analyses. Conditional knockout of PPARγ reduced serum concentrations of adipokines, including adiponectin, resistin, and leptin, and reduced marrow stromal cell expression levels of inflammation-related genes. Inflammation genes involved in the interferon signaling pathway were reduced the most. These results demonstrate that disruption of the master adipogenic regulator, PPARγ, has a certain protective effect on aging-induced bone loss, suggesting that regulation of adipose function and modulation of interferon signaling are among the key mechanisms by which PPARγ regulates bone homeostasis during aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Cao
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Kehong Ding
- Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Georgia.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Guodong Pan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Raysa Rosario
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Yun Su
- Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Georgia.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Yonggang Bao
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Jianru Xu
- Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Georgia.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Meghan E McGee Lawrence
- Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Georgia.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Georgia.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Georgia.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Georgia.,Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Xingming Shi
- Center for Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Georgia.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Georgia.,Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Georgia
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