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Hyokai S, Tanaka H, Aihara N, Kamiie J. Expression of P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein in three cases of canine lymphoma showing drug resistance. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:473-477. [PMID: 33518631 PMCID: PMC8025433 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In canine lymphoma, drug resistance is the major factor hindering treatment. In this study, we performed immunohistochemical examination of P-glycoprotein
(P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), which are considered as transporters related to multidrug resistance in three recurrent canine lymphomas.
All cases were negative for both transporters before anticancer drug administration, but became positive after this administration. The expression was confirmed
in capillary endothelial cells, such as in brain capillaries acting as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It is suggested that both transporters expressed on
capillary endothelial cells in lymphoma tissue may inhibit the spread of anticancer drugs into tumor tissues from blood, the same as the BBB. Therefore,
capillary endothelial cells could act as a blood-tumor barrier, which might be involved in drug resistance in canine lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Hyokai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.,Pfizer R&D Japan G.K., 3-22-7 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8589, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Aihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Junichi Kamiie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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Battista T, Fiorillo A, Chiarini V, Genovese I, Ilari A, Colotti G. Roles of Sorcin in Drug Resistance in Cancer: One Protein, Many Mechanisms, for a Novel Potential Anticancer Drug Target. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040887. [PMID: 32268494 PMCID: PMC7226229 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of drug resistance is one of the main causes of failure in anti-cancer treatments. Tumor cells adopt many strategies to counteract the action of chemotherapeutic agents, e.g., enhanced DNA damage repair, inactivation of apoptotic pathways, alteration of drug targets, drug inactivation, and overexpression of ABC (Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette, or ATP-binding cassette) transporters. These are broad substrate-specificity ATP-dependent efflux pumps able to export toxins or drugs out of cells; for instance, ABCB1 (MDR1, or P-glycoprotein 1), overexpressed in most cancer cells, confers them multidrug resistance (MDR). The gene coding for sorcin (SOluble Resistance-related Calcium-binding proteIN) is highly conserved among mammals and is located in the same chromosomal locus and amplicon as the ABC transporters ABCB1 and ABCB4, both in human and rodent genomes (two variants of ABCB1, i.e., ABCB1a and ABCB1b, are in rodent amplicon). Sorcin was initially characterized as a soluble protein overexpressed in multidrug (MD) resistant cells and named "resistance-related" because of its co-amplification with ABCB1. Although for years sorcin overexpression was thought to be only a by-product of the co-amplification with ABC transporter genes, many papers have recently demonstrated that sorcin plays an important part in MDR, indicating a possible role of sorcin as an oncoprotein. The present review illustrates sorcin roles in the generation of MDR via many mechanisms and points to sorcin as a novel potential target of different anticancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Battista
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Annarita Fiorillo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Valerio Chiarini
- Doctoral Programme in Integrative Life Science, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Ilaria Genovese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council, Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (G.C.)
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council, Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (G.C.)
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3
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López-Verdín S, Lavalle-Carrasco J, Carreón-Burciaga RG, Serafín-Higuera N, Molina-Frechero N, González-González R, Bologna-Molina R. Molecular Markers of Anticancer Drug Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100376. [PMID: 30308958 PMCID: PMC6210289 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript provides an update to the literature on molecules with roles in tumor resistance therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Although significant improvements have been made in the treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, physicians face yet another challenge-that of preserving oral functions, which involves the use of multidisciplinary therapies, such as multiple chemotherapies (CT) and radiotherapy (RT). Designing personalized therapeutic options requires the study of genes involved in drug resistance. This review provides an overview of the molecules that have been linked to resistance to chemotherapy in HNSCC, including the family of ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCs), nucleotide excision repair/base excision repair (NER/BER) enzymatic complexes (which act on nonspecific DNA lesions generated by gamma and ultraviolet radiation by cross-linking and forming intra/interchain chemical adducts), cisplatin (a chemotherapeutic agent that causes DNA damage and induces apoptosis, which is a paradox because its effectiveness is based on the integrity of the genes involved in apoptotic signaling pathways), and cetuximab, including a discussion of the genes involved in the cell cycle and the proliferation of possible markers that confer resistance to cetuximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra López-Verdín
- Research Institute of Dentistry, Health Science Center, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 4430, JAL, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Lavalle-Carrasco
- Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango 34000, DGO, Mexico.
| | - Ramón G Carreón-Burciaga
- Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango 34000, DGO, Mexico.
| | - Nicolás Serafín-Higuera
- Molecular Biology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21040, Mexico.
| | - Nelly Molina-Frechero
- Department of Health Care, Xochimilco Unit, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico.
| | - Rogelio González-González
- Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango 34000, DGO, Mexico.
| | - Ronell Bologna-Molina
- Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango 34000, DGO, Mexico.
- Molecular Pathology Area, School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay.
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4
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Genovese I, Ilari A, Assaraf YG, Fazi F, Colotti G. Not only P-glycoprotein: Amplification of the ABCB1- containing chromosome region 7q21 confers multidrug resistance upon cancer cells by coordinated overexpression of an assortment of resistance-related proteins. Drug Resist Updat 2017; 32:23-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates doxorubicin-inducible P-glycoprotein level by reducing Foxo3 stability. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:328-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Sun Y, Guan Z, Liang L, Cheng Y, Zhou J, Li J, Xu Y. HIF-1α/MDR1 pathway confers chemoresistance to cisplatin in bladder cancer. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1549-56. [PMID: 26717965 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is the 9th most common malignant tumor and the 13th leading cause of death due to cancer. The development of surgery and target drugs bring new challenges for the traditional concept for BCa therapy, and chemotherapy is still the final option for many BCa patients, and cisplatin-containing regimen the most effective one. However, the ubiquitous application of cisplatin-containing regimen in BCa results in the cisplatin-resistance, in addition, the cisplatin‑resistant BCa manifests enhanced malignant behavior, the mechanism of which is unclear. In the present study, we used BCa cell lines to to clarify this point. BCa cell lines T24/J82 were pretreated with cisplatin >3 months to construct stable cisplatin-resistant cell lines (tagged T24(Cis-R) and J82(Cis-R)), which manifested as enhanced capacity of proliferation and malignant behavior in vivo and in vitro, accompanied by cisplatin, and even doxorubicin resistance. The following mechanism dissection revealed that prolonged treatment time of T24/J82 cells led to elevated expression of HIF-1α, which targeted the increased expression of MDR1 on the one hand, and contributed to BCa cell proliferation, migration/invasion on the other hand. Finally, IHC staining of human BCa tissue supported our conclusion that the expression of HIF-1α and MDR1 was higher in chemoresistant tissue vs. chemosensitive tissue. Our results provided a new view of HIF-1α in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Guan
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Yongyi Cheng
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Jiancheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Xu
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
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Silva R, Vilas-Boas V, Carmo H, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Carvalho F, de Lourdes Bastos M, Remião F. Modulation of P-glycoprotein efflux pump: induction and activation as a therapeutic strategy. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 149:1-123. [PMID: 25435018 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an ATP-dependent efflux pump encoded by the MDR1 gene in humans, known to mediate multidrug resistance of neoplastic cells to cancer therapy. For several decades, P-gp inhibition has drawn many significant research efforts in an attempt to overcome this phenomenon. However, P-gp is also constitutively expressed in normal human epithelial tissues and, due to its broad substrate specificity, to its cellular polarized expression in many excretory and barrier tissues, and to its great efflux capacity, it can play a crucial role in limiting the absorption and distribution of harmful xenobiotics, by decreasing their intracellular accumulation. Such a defense mechanism can be of particular relevance at the intestinal level, by significantly reducing the intestinal absorption of the xenobiotic and, consequently, avoiding its access to the target organs. In this review, the current knowledge on this important efflux pump is summarized, and a new focus is brought on the therapeutic interest of inducing and/or activating P-gp for limiting the toxicity caused by its substrates. Several in vivo and in vitro studies validating the use of such a therapeutic strategy are discussed. An extensive literature search for reported P-gp inducers/activators and for the experimental models used in their characterization was conducted. Those studies demonstrate that effective antidotal pathways can be achieved by efficiently promoting the P-gp-mediated efflux of deleterious xenobiotics, resulting in a significant reduction in their intracellular levels and, consequently, in a significant reduction of their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vânia Vilas-Boas
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Helena Carmo
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; INFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, Advanced Institute of Health Sciences - North (ISCS-N), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal; Department of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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8
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Ursodeoxycholic acid inhibits overexpression of P-glycoprotein induced by doxorubicin in HepG2 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 724:161-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Kobori T, Harada S, Nakamoto K, Tokuyama S. Mechanisms of P-Glycoprotein Alteration During Anticancer Treatment: Role in the Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacological Effects of Various Substrate Drugs. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 125:242-54. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.14r01cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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10
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Zhou ZY, Wan LL, Yang QJ, Han YL, Li Y, Yu Q, Guo C, Li X. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin in rat receiving nilotinib. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:238-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Lu JF, Luk F, Gong J, Jaiswal R, Grau GER, Bebawy M. Microparticles mediate MRP1 intercellular transfer and the re-templating of intrinsic resistance pathways. Pharmacol Res 2013; 76:77-83. [PMID: 23917219 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major impediment to the overall success of chemotherapy in clinical oncology. MDR has been primarily attributed by the ATP-dependent transmembrane proteins, P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) and Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 1 (MRP1, ABCC1). These proteins maintain sublethal concentrations of intracellular chemotherapeutics by virtue of their drug efflux capacity. In this study, we report the acquisition and dissemination of functional MRP1 via microparticle (MP) mediated intercellular transfer. After we showed the transfer and functionality of P-gp in drug sensitive recipient cells, we report the transfer and time-dependent functionality of MRP1 in drug sensitive leukaemia cells following exposure to MPs shed by MRP1-overexpressing MDR cells. We also demonstrate a remarkable capacity for MPs shed from cells with a P-gp dominant resistance profile to re-template a pre-existing MRP1 dominant profile in recipient cells. These findings have significance in understanding the molecular basis for tumour dominant phenotypes and introduce potential new strategies and targets for the acquisition of MDR and other deleterious traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie F Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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12
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Yagi K, Yamamoto K, Umeda S, Abe S, Suzuki S, Onishi I, Kirimura S, Fukayama M, Arai A, Kitagawa M, Kurata M. Expression of multidrug resistance 1 gene in B-cell lymphomas: association with follicular dendritic cells. Histopathology 2013; 62:414-20. [PMID: 23339364 DOI: 10.1111/his.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Multidrug resistance (MDR) in B-cell lymphomas still constitutes a major obstacle to the effectiveness of chemotherapy even in the anti-CD20 antibody therapy era. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of MDR-associated molecules in reactive lymphadenopathy (RL), follicular lymphoma (FL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS AND RESULTS The expression of mRNA for ABC-transporter family genes was determined by real-time RT-PCR in lymph nodes from RL, FL, and DLBCL cases. MDR1 exhibited significantly stronger expression in RL, FL, and DLBCL than Raji B-cell lymphoma cells. RL and FL showed significantly higher expression than DLBCL. Immunohistochemically, MDR1 positive cells were localized in the germinal centers of RL and center of the nodular lesions of FL showing associations with CD21 positive follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). Raji cells were co-cultured with FDC sarcoma-derived cells and the expression of MDR1 and drug resistance were analyzed. The co-culture of Raji cells with FDCs induced strong expression of MDR1 and introduced resistance to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that FDCs induce MDR1 expression in reactive as well as neoplastic B-cells. Inhibition of the interaction of FDCs with B-cells may provide a novel strategy for treating the chemotherapy resistant fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Yagi
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Wink M, Ashour ML, El-Readi MZ. Secondary Metabolites from Plants Inhibiting ABC Transporters and Reversing Resistance of Cancer Cells and Microbes to Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Agents. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:130. [PMID: 22536197 PMCID: PMC3332394 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal, bacterial, and cancer cells can develop resistance against antifungal, antibacterial, or anticancer agents. Mechanisms of resistance are complex and often multifactorial. Mechanisms include: (1) Activation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, such as P-gp, which pump out lipophilic compounds that have entered a cell, (2) Activation of cytochrome p450 oxidases which can oxidize lipophilic agents to make them more hydrophilic and accessible for conjugation reaction with glucuronic acid, sulfate, or amino acids, and (3) Activation of glutathione transferase, which can conjugate xenobiotics. This review summarizes the evidence that secondary metabolites (SM) of plants, such as alkaloids, phenolics, and terpenoids can interfere with ABC transporters in cancer cells, parasites, bacteria, and fungi. Among the active natural products several lipophilic terpenoids [monoterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes (including saponins), steroids (including cardiac glycosides), and tetraterpenes] but also some alkaloids (isoquinoline, protoberberine, quinoline, indole, monoterpene indole, and steroidal alkaloids) function probably as competitive inhibitors of P-gp, multiple resistance-associated protein 1, and Breast cancer resistance protein in cancer cells, or efflux pumps in bacteria (NorA) and fungi. More polar phenolics (phenolic acids, flavonoids, catechins, chalcones, xanthones, stilbenes, anthocyanins, tannins, anthraquinones, and naphthoquinones) directly inhibit proteins forming several hydrogen and ionic bonds and thus disturbing the 3D structure of the transporters. The natural products may be interesting in medicine or agriculture as they can enhance the activity of active chemotherapeutics or pesticides or even reverse multidrug resistance, at least partially, of adapted and resistant cells. If these SM are applied in combination with a cytotoxic or antimicrobial agent, they may reverse resistance in a synergistic fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Ménez C, Mselli-Lakhal L, Foucaud-Vignault M, Balaguer P, Alvinerie M, Lespine A. Ivermectin induces P-glycoprotein expression and function through mRNA stabilization in murine hepatocyte cell line. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:269-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Budde T, Haney J, Bien S, Schwebe M, Riad A, Tschöpe C, Staudt A, Jedlitschky G, Felix SB, Kroemer HK, Grube M. Acute exposure to doxorubicin results in increased cardiac P-glycoprotein expression. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:3951-8. [PMID: 21590773 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a frequently used anticancer drug, but its use is restricted due to the occurrence of severe side effects, namely strong cardiotoxicity. It is known from cancer cells that doxorubicin enhanced the expression of its efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which may modulate local drug concentrations. We therefore studied the cardiac expression of P-gp in doxorubicin-treated mice. Mice were treated with doxorubicin, and P-gp expression was studied after 1, 3, and 5 days. Thereby, we could show a significant upregulation of abcb1a (162 ± 15% of control) and abcb1b (418 ± 110% of control) mRNA transcripts after 3 days. On protein level, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining revealed a similar finding 5 days after doxorubicin administration. In addition, these results could be confirmed by in vitro models using primary rat cardiomyocytes and the murine cardiomyocyte-like HL-1 cells. Besides an enhanced mRNA and protein expression, doxorubicin-treated HL-1 cells also demonstrated an enhanced P-gp function as assessed by a daunorubicin accumulation assay. Our in vivo and in vitro results demonstrate a cardiac upregulation of P-gp in doxorubicin-treated mice on expression and functional level. This finding may be relevant for cardiac tissue concentrations of P-gp substrates and may represent a mechanism in cardiac self-protection against xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Budde
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
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Brózik A, Hegedüs C, Erdei Z, Hegedus T, Özvegy-Laczka C, Szakács G, Sarkadi B. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors as modulators of ATP binding cassette multidrug transporters: substrates, chemosensitizers or inducers of acquired multidrug resistance? Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2011; 7:623-42. [PMID: 21410427 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2011.562892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anticancer tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are small molecule hydrophobic compounds designed to arrest aberrant signaling pathways in malignant cells. Multidrug resistance (MDR) ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters have recently been recognized as important determinants of the general ADME-Tox (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) properties of small molecule TKIs, as well as key factors of resistance against targeted anticancer therapeutics. AREAS COVERED The article summarizes MDR-related ABC transporter interactions with imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, gefitinib, erlotinib, lapatinib, sunitinib and sorafenib, including in vitro and in vivo observations. An array of methods developed to study such interactions is presented. Transporter-TKI interactions relevant to the ADME-Tox properties of TKI drugs, primary or acquired cancer TKI resistance, and drug-drug interactions are also reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Based on the concept presented in this review, TKI anticancer drugs are considered as compounds recognized by the cellular mechanisms handling xenobiotics. Accordingly, novel anticancer therapies should equally focus on the effectiveness of target inhibition and exploration of potential interactions of the designed molecules by membrane transporters. Thus, targeted hydrophobic small molecule compounds should also be screened to evade xenobiotic-sensing cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brózik
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Membrane Biology, Budapest, Hungary
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17
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Pasquier J, Magal P, Boulangé-Lecomte C, Webb G, Le Foll F. Consequences of cell-to-cell P-glycoprotein transfer on acquired multidrug resistance in breast cancer: a cell population dynamics model. Biol Direct 2011; 6:5. [PMID: 21269489 PMCID: PMC3038988 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6150-6-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a proliferation disease affecting a genetically unstable cell population, in which molecular alterations can be somatically inherited by genetic, epigenetic or extragenetic transmission processes, leading to a cooperation of neoplastic cells within tumoural tissue. The efflux protein P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is overexpressed in many cancer cells and has known capacity to confer multidrug resistance to cytotoxic therapies. Recently, cell-to-cell P-gp transfers have been shown. Herein, we combine experimental evidence and a mathematical model to examine the consequences of an intercellular P-gp trafficking in the extragenetic transfer of multidrug resistance from resistant to sensitive cell subpopulations. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We report cell-to-cell transfers of functional P-gp in co-cultures of a P-gp overexpressing human breast cancer MCF-7 cell variant, selected for its resistance towards doxorubicin, with the parental sensitive cell line. We found that P-gp as well as efflux activity distribution are progressively reorganized over time in co-cultures analyzed by flow cytometry. A mathematical model based on a Boltzmann type integro-partial differential equation structured by a continuum variable corresponding to P-gp activity describes the cell populations in co-culture. The mathematical model elucidates the population elements in the experimental data, specifically, the initial proportions, the proliferative growth rates, and the transfer rates of P-gp in the sensitive and resistant subpopulations. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed cell-to-cell transfer of functional P-gp. The transfer process depends on the gradient of P-gp expression in the donor-recipient cell interactions, as they evolve over time. Extragenetically acquired drug resistance is an additional aptitude of neoplastic cells which has implications in the diagnostic value of P-gp expression and in the design of chemotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pasquier
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology UPRES EA 3222, University of Le Havre, Le Havre cedex, France
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18
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Jendzelovský R, Mikes J, Koval' J, Soucek K, Procházková J, Kello M, Sacková V, Hofmanová J, Kozubík A, Fedorocko P. Drug efflux transporters, MRP1 and BCRP, affect the outcome of hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy in HT-29 adenocarcinoma cells. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009; 8:1716-23. [PMID: 20024169 DOI: 10.1039/b9pp00086k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a flexible multi-target therapeutic approach. One of the main requirements of successful PDT is sufficient intracellular concentration of an applicable photosensitizer. Mechanisms of anticancer drug elimination by tumour cells are mostly linked to the elevated expression and activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and P450 monooxygenases. The interaction of hypericin with this cell drug-defence system is still unclear. We report here for the first time increased activity of MRP1 and BCRP in HT-29 colon cancer cells treated with hypericin per se. On the contrary, pre-treatment with proadifen (SKF525A) affected the function of MRP1 and BCRP leading to increased hypericin content, which might indicate a possible link between proadifen and these ABC transporter proteins. Subsequent enhanced intracellular oxidative stress was accompanied by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase-9 and -3, PARP cleavage and onset of apoptosis. In conclusion, our study suggests that drug efflux transporters MRP1 and BCRP affect the pharmacokinetics of hypericin in HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cells, and the action of hypericin-mediated PDT (HY-PDT) should be modulated by pre-treatment with their specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastislav Jendzelovský
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Safárik University in Kosice, Moyzesova 11, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia
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19
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Sánchez C, Mendoza P, Contreras HR, Vergara J, McCubrey JA, Huidobro C, Castellón EA. Expression of multidrug resistance proteins in prostate cancer is related with cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Prostate 2009; 69:1448-59. [PMID: 19496068 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins have been associated with the lack of chemotherapy response. Expression of these proteins has been described in the prostate, but there is no information about their role in the chemotherapy response of prostate cancer (PC). We studied the gene and protein expression of MDR proteins in primary cell cultures from PC tumors and PC cell lines, their relationship with chemotherapy and their effects on cell survival. METHODS Primary cell cultures from PC were obtained from samples provided by our Institutional Hospital. Cell lines LNCaP, PC3, and DU145 were also examined. Cells were treated during 72 hr with several chemotherapeutic drugs. Protein and mRNA expressions of P-glycoprotein (P-Gp), MRP1 and LRP, before and after drug treatment, were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. The effect on cell survival was evaluated by proliferation assays (MTT), and cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry. RESULTS Primary PC cultures exhibited higher MDR protein expression and lower drug sensitivity than cell lines, in which P-Gp was not detected. Docetaxel and mitoxantrone displayed the highest apoptotic effect. Exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs increased apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and MDR expression. Long-term treatment with doxorubicin diminished apoptosis elicited by all drugs examined in this study, suggesting a cross-resistance phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS Low chemotherapy response observed in PC primary cultures could be explained, in part, by the high levels of MDR proteins (intrinsic MDR phenotype), and also, by their over-expression induced after long-term exposure to drugs (acquired MDR phenotype), which increase treatment resistance. Prostate 69: 1448-1459, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Sánchez
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Andrology, Physiology and Biophysics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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20
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Pein F, Pinkerton R, Berthaud P, Pritchard-Jones K, Dick G, Vassal G. Dose finding study of oral PSC 833 combined with weekly intravenous etoposide in children with relapsed or refractory solid tumours. Eur J Cancer 2007; 43:2074-81. [PMID: 17716890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2007.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Revised: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PSC 833 is an effective MDR1 reversal agent in vitro, including studies with paediatric cancer cell lines such as neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. This study was performed to determine the safety profile, dose limiting toxicity (DLT) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in children with solid tumours and to determine the influence of PSC 833 on the pharmacokinetics of co-administered etoposide. Each patient received one cycle of intravenous etoposide (100 mg/m2 daily for 3 days on three consecutive weeks) to document baseline pharmacokinetics, and subsequently the same schedule using a dose of 50 mg/m2 was given combined with PSC 833 given orally every 6h at a starting dose of 4 mg/kg. Thirty two eligible patients (23 male, median age 8.3 years) were enrolled. Neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma were the common disease types. Brain tumours were excluded. DLT was defined as any non-haematological grade 3-4 toxicity (common toxicity criteria) and using a specific toxicity scale for cerebellar toxicity. The MDT was defined as the first dose below which 2 or more patients per dose level experienced DLT. Grade 1-2 ataxia occurred in cohorts 2 and 3 (4 and 5 mg/kg, respectively). Three patients developed grade 3 neurotoxicity in the 6 mg/kg cohort and this defined the MTD. Six responses were observed (2 CR, 4 PR). Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that the clearance of etoposide was reduced by approximately 50% when combined with PSC 833. It is concluded that the toxicity profile and MDT is similar in both children and adults, as is the effect on etoposide metabolism. The study demonstrated the feasibility and safety of carrying out a paediatric phase 1 trial across European boundaries and acts as a model for future cooperative studies in rare cancers among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pein
- Institut Regional du Cancer Nantes Atlantique, Dept de Recherche Therapeutique, CLCC Rene Gauducheau, Nantes, France
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21
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Hu XF, Li J, Yang E, Vandervalk S, Xing PX. Anti-Cripto Mab inhibit tumour growth and overcome MDR in a human leukaemia MDR cell line by inhibition of Akt and activation of JNK/SAPK and bad death pathways. Br J Cancer 2007; 96:918-27. [PMID: 17342096 PMCID: PMC2360102 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) selection of CCRF-CEM leukaemia cell line resulted in multidrug resistance (MDR) CEM/A7R cell line, which overexpresses MDR, 1 coded P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Here, we report for the first time that oncoprotein Cripto, a founding member of epidermal growth factor-Cripto-FRL, 1-Criptic family is overexpressed in the CEM/A7R cells, and anti-Cripto monoclonal antibodies (Mab) inhibited CEM/A7R cell growth both in vitro and in an established xenograft tumour in severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Cripto Mab synergistically enhanced sensitivity of the MDR cells to Pgp substrates epirubicin (EPI), daunorubicin (DAU) and non-Pgp substrates nucleoside analogue cytosine arabinoside (AraC). In particular, the combination of anti-Cripto Mab at less than 50% of inhibition concentrations with noncytotoxic concentrations of EPI or DAU inhibited more than 90% of CEM/A7R cell growth. Cripto Mab slightly inhibited Pgp expression, and had little effect on Pgp function, indicating that a mechanism independent of Pgp was involved in overcoming MDR. We demonstrated that anti-Cripto Mab-induced CEM/A7R cell apoptosis, which was associated with an enhanced activity of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase and inhibition of Akt phosphorylation, resulting in an activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway as evidenced by dephosphorylation of Bad at Ser136, Bcl-2 at Ser70 and a cleaved caspase-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Hu
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Burnet Institute Incorporating Austin Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - J Li
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Burnet Institute Incorporating Austin Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - E Yang
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Burnet Institute Incorporating Austin Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - S Vandervalk
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Burnet Institute Incorporating Austin Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - P X Xing
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Burnet Institute Incorporating Austin Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- E-mail:
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22
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Wink M. Molecular modes of action of cytotoxic alkaloids: from DNA intercalation, spindle poisoning, topoisomerase inhibition to apoptosis and multiple drug resistance. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2007; 64:1-47. [PMID: 18085328 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(07)64001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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23
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Baker EK, Johnstone RW, Zalcberg JR, El-Osta A. Epigenetic changes to the MDR1 locus in response to chemotherapeutic drugs. Oncogene 2005; 24:8061-75. [PMID: 16091741 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of action of chemotherapeutic drugs and their ability to induce multidrug resistance (MDR) are of relevance to cancer treatment. Overexpression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) encoded by the MDR1 gene following chemotherapy can severely limit the efficacy of anticancer agents; however, the manner by which cells acquire high levels of Pgp has not been defined. Herein, we demonstrate that chemotherapeutic drugs induce specific epigenetic modifications at the MDR1 locus, concomitant with MDR1 upregulation mediated by transcriptional activation, and a potential post-transcriptional component. We have established that the mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and are dependent on the methylation state of the MDR1 promoter. MDR1 upregulation did not result in further changes to the CpG methylation profile. However, dramatic changes in the temporal and spatial patterning of histone modifications occurred within the 5' hypomethylated region of MDR1, directly correlating with MDR1 upregulation. Specifically, drug-induced upregulation of MDR1 was associated with increases in H3 acetylation and induction of methylated H3K4 within discrete regions of the MDR1 locus. Our results demonstrate that chemotherapeutic drugs can actively induce epigenetic changes within the MDR1 promoter, and enhance the MDR phenotype.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Acetylation
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatin/metabolism
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- CpG Islands/drug effects
- DNA Methylation/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Silencing
- Genes, MDR/drug effects
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Transcriptional Activation/drug effects
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K Baker
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Baker Medical Research Institute, Commercial Road, Prahran, Victoria 3181, Australia
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24
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Puhlmann U, Ziemann C, Ruedell G, Vorwerk H, Schaefer D, Langebrake C, Schuermann P, Creutzig U, Reinhardt D. Impact of the cyclooxygenase system on doxorubicin-induced functional multidrug resistance 1 overexpression and doxorubicin sensitivity in acute myeloid leukemic HL-60 cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 312:346-54. [PMID: 15501994 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.071571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR), a challenge in treating childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML), is frequently associated with decreased drug accumulation caused by multidrug transporter MDR1. Doxorubicin, an important anti-AML drug, is a known MDR1 substrate and inducer. Its cytostatic efficacy is thus limited by MDR1 overexpression. A recent study demonstrated cyclooxygenase-2-dependent, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2))-mediated regulation of mdr1b expression in primary rat hepatocyte cultures. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is increased in several malignancies and considered a negative prognostic factor. Our study focused on cyclooxygenase system's impact on drug-induced MDR1 overexpression in AML cells. As a prerequisite, coexpression of MDR1 and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA in HL-60 cells and primary AML blasts was demonstrated by Northern blot. Interestingly, incubation of AML cells with doxorubicin not only induced functionally active MDR1 overexpression but also mediated increased cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and protein expressions with subsequent PGE(2) release (determined by flow cytometry, rhodamine123 efflux assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). After preincubation and subsequent parallel treatment with the cyclooxygenase-2-preferential inhibitor meloxicam, doxorubicin-induced MDR1 overexpression and function were reduced (maximally at 0.1-0.5 microM meloxicam), whereas cytostatic efficacy of doxorubicin in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assays was significantly increased by up to 78 (HL-60) and 30% (AML blasts) after 72 h of doxorubicin treatment. In HL-60 cells, meloxicam-dependent effect on doxorubicin cytotoxicity was neutralized by PGE(2) preincubation. In conclusion, the cyclooxygenase system, especially the cyclooxygenase-2 isoform, might be involved in regulating doxorubicin-induced MDR1 overexpression in AML cells, with PGE(2) seeming to be a mediating factor. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors thus bear promise to overcome MDR in AML and improve therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Puhlmann
- AML-BFM Study, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 33, 48129 Muenster, Germany.
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25
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Planting AST, Sonneveld P, van der Gaast A, Sparreboom A, van der Burg MEL, Luyten GPM, de Leeuw K, de Boer-Dennert M, Wissel PS, Jewell RC, Paul EM, Purvis NB, Verweij J. A phase I and pharmacologic study of the MDR converter GF120918 in combination with doxorubicin in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2004; 55:91-9. [PMID: 15565444 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-004-0854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2004] [Accepted: 05/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to chemotherapy can partly be explained by the activity of membrane bound P-glycoprotein. Competitive inhibition of P-glycoprotein, by multidrug resistance (MDR) converters, may overcome this MDR. Previously studied MDR converters either have serious intrinsic side effects or considerably influence the pharmacokinetics of cytotoxic agents at concentrations theoretically required to convert MDR. GF120918 is a third-generation MDR converter with high affinity for P-glycoprotein and can be given orally. We performed a phase 1 study with escalating doses of GF120918 in combination with doxorubicin. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study group comprised 46 patients with advanced solid tumors. Doxorubicin was administered on day 1 (cycle 1), GF120918 on days 22-24 (cycle 2), and on days 29-33 with doxorubicin administered on day 31 (cycle 3). Pharmacokinetics of both GF120918 and doxorubicin were studied. The starting daily dose of GF120918 was 50 mg and was to be increased in subsequent cohorts until a steady state plasma level of 100 ng/ml was reached. The starting dose of doxorubicin was 50 mg/m2 and was to be increased after reaching the target dose level of GF120918. RESULTS In 37 of the 46 patients, full pharmacokinetic data from the three scheduled cycles were obtained. Pharmacokinetics of GF120918 showed a less than linear increase in Cmax with increasing doses, with considerable interpatient variation. The target steady-state plasma level for GF120918 was exceeded in 12 out of 19 patients who received 400 mg GF120918 alone twice daily and in 12 of 17 patients who received 400 mg GF120918 twice daily in combination with doxorubicin. GF120918 pharmacokinetics were not influenced by coadministration of doxorubicin. The doxorubicin AUC was only marginally influenced by GF120918 and only at the highest dose levels. In these patients there was a significant increase in the AUC of doxorubicinol in cycle 3 as compared to cycle 1. Hematologic toxicity mainly consisted of neutropenia and was more severe in cycle 3 than in cycle 1 (13 vs 5 patients with grade 4 neutropenia, P=0.003). Neutropenic fever was the dose-limiting toxicity at a doxorubicin dose of 75 mg/m2 with 400 mg GF120918 twice daily. The toxicity of GF120918 was limited to somnolence in eight patients and occasional gastrointestinal complaints. CONCLUSION GF120918 is an MDR converter with only minimal side effects at a dose level yielding concentrations able to convert the action of P-glycoprotein in vitro. A doxorubicin dose of 60 mg/m2 on day 3 in combination with 400 mg GF120918 twice daily on days 1-5 is an acceptable regimen for further clinical trials.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Acridines/administration & dosage
- Acridines/pharmacokinetics
- Acridines/pharmacology
- Administration, Oral
- Adult
- Aged
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/adverse effects
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacokinetics
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Doxorubicin/adverse effects
- Doxorubicin/pharmacokinetics
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Drug Interactions
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Humans
- Infusions, Intravenous
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Tetrahydroisoquinolines/administration & dosage
- Tetrahydroisoquinolines/pharmacokinetics
- Tetrahydroisoquinolines/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- A S T Planting
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center/Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, P.O. Box 5201, 3008 AE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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26
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Granzotto M, Drigo I, Candussio L, Rosati A, Bartoli F, Giraldi T, Decorti G. Rifampicin and verapamil induce the expression of P-glycoprotein in vivo in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Cancer Lett 2004; 205:107-15. [PMID: 15036667 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2003.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2003] [Accepted: 09/26/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of an in vivo treatment with two commonly employed drugs that are P-glycoprotein substrates, verapamil and rifampicin, on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells, was evaluated. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells were inoculated i.p. in CD-1 mice and animals were orally treated for 10 days with rifampicin (60 mg/kg/day) or verapamil (6 mg/kg/day). In the harvested cells the transcripts for mdr1a and mrp1, but not those for mdr1b, mrp2 and CYP3A, were detected, and treatment with verapamil or rifampicin did not modify the levels of the transcripts. On the contrary, an increased expression of P-glycoprotein was observed at the protein level with Western blot. The intracellular uptake of doxorubicin, a P-glycoprotein and MRP substrate, was significantly lower in cells obtained from treated animals in comparison with cells obtained from controls; in addition, the uptake was increased by a pretreatment with verapamil. The survival time of control animals implanted with untreated cells was similar to that of animals inoculated with cells obtained from rifampicin treated animals, however, the antineoplastic effect of doxorubicin was significanly higher in control animals. A treatment with rifampicin or verapamil in Ehrlich ascites tumor confers resistance to the antineoplastic drug doxorubicin, probably through an increased expression of P-glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Granzotto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 7, Trieste I-34127, Italy
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27
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Baker EK, El-Osta A. The rise of DNA methylation and the importance of chromatin on multidrug resistance in cancer. Exp Cell Res 2003; 290:177-94. [PMID: 14567978 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4827(03)00342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the different classes of drugs and regimens used clinically have provided an improvement in tumour management. However, treatment is often palliative for the majority of cancer patients. Transformed cells respond poorly to chemotherapy mainly due to the development of the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. Response to treatment does not generally result in complete remission and disease cure is uncommon for patients presenting with advanced stage cancer. Successful treatment of cancer requires a clearer understanding of chemotherapeutic resistance. Here, we examine what is known of one of the most extensively studied mechanisms of cellular drug resistance. The human multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) is associated with expression of p-glycoprotein (Pgp). A transmembrane protein, Pgp acts as an efflux pump and reduces intracellular drug levels and thus its effectiveness as an antitumor agent. The precise mechanism of transcriptional regulation has been unclear due to the complex regulatory nature of the gene. It has become increasingly apparent that trans-activation or genetic amplification is by no means the only mechanism of activation. Consequently, alternative pathways have received more attention in the area of epigenetics to help explain transcriptional competence at a higher level of organization. The goal of this article is to highlight important findings in the field of methylation and explain how they impinge on MDR1 gene regulation. In this review, we cover the current information and postulate that epigenetic modification of MDR1 chromatin influences gene transcription in leukaemia. Finally, we explore transcriptional regulation and highlight recent progress with engineered ZFP's (zinc finger proteins).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K Baker
- The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Baker Medical Research Institute, Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Second Floor, Commercial Road, Prahran, Victoria 3181, Australia
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Abstract
P-glycoprotein, the founding member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of drug transporters, was first identified almost three decades ago and shown to confer resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic agents when overexpressed in human tumors. Subsequent years have witnessed a tremendous effort to characterize the function and regulation of P-glycoprotein, initially spurred by the hope that its inhibition was the key to overcoming clinical resistance to multiple anticancer agents. However, the identification of MRP1, another member of the ABC drug transporter family, led to the realization that the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype is considerably more complex than initially believed. Indeed, at the present time at least 10 members of the ABC transporter family have been implicated in an MDR phenotype, and it is likely that more will be added to this list as studies progress. With this complexity comes the imperative to improve our understanding of the function of individual transporters, as well as to delineate the mechanisms underlying their expression in normal and tumor cells, particularly those that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention. Several articles within this volume address the structure and function of drug transporters. This review will focus on our current understanding of the regulation of ABC drug transporters at the level of transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen W Scotto
- Department of Pharmacology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
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29
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Pohl A, Lage H, Müller P, Pomorski T, Herrmann A. Transport of phosphatidylserine via MDR1 (multidrug resistance 1)P-glycoprotein in a human gastric carcinoma cell line. Biochem J 2002; 365:259-68. [PMID: 12071854 PMCID: PMC1222671 DOI: 10.1042/bj20011880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter multidrug resistance 1 P-glycoprotein (MDR1 Pgp) has been implicated with the transport of lipids from the inner to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. While this has been unambigously shown for the fluorescent lipid analogues [N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]hexanoyl (C6-NBD)-phosphatidylcholine, -phosphatidylethanolamine, -sphingomyelin and -glucosylceramide, by using a novel approach we have now found significantly increased outward transport also for C6-NBD-phosphatidylserine (C6-NBD-PS) in EPG85-257 human gastric carcinoma cells overexpressing MDR1 (coding for MDR1 Pgp). The increased transport of C6-NBD-PS is mediated by MDR1 Pgp, shown by transport reduction nearly to the level of controls in the presence of MDR1 Pgp inhibitors [PSC 833, cyclosporin A and dexniguldipine hydrochloride (Dex)]. Addition of MK 571, a specific inhibitor of the MDR protein MRP1, does not decrease transport in either of the two cell lines. The plasma-membrane association of FITC-annexin V, a fluorescent protein conjugate binding PS, is significantly increased in MDR1-overexpressing cells as compared with controls, and can be reduced by an MDR1 Pgp inhibitor. This suggests that MDR1 Pgp transports endogenous PS, the lipid exhibiting the most pronounced transverse asymmetry in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Pohl
- Institute of Biology/Biophysics, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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30
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van Gorkom BAP, Timmer-Bosscha H, de Jong S, van der Kolk DM, Kleibeuker JH, de Vries EGE. Cytotoxicity of rhein, the active metabolite of sennoside laxatives, is reduced by multidrug resistance-associated protein 1. Br J Cancer 2002; 86:1494-500. [PMID: 11986786 PMCID: PMC2375364 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2001] [Revised: 02/21/2002] [Accepted: 02/25/2002] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthranoid laxatives, belonging to the anthraquinones as do anthracyclines, possibly increase colorectal cancer risk. Anthracyclines interfere with topoisomerase II, intercalate DNA and are substrates for P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1. P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 protect colonic epithelial cells against xenobiotics. The aim of this study was to analyse the interference of anthranoids with these natural defence mechanisms and the direct cytotoxicity of anthranoids in cancer cell lines expressing these mechanisms in varying combinations. A cytotoxicity profile of rhein, aloe emodin and danthron was established in related cell lines exhibiting different levels of topoisomerases, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 and P-glycoprotein. Interaction of rhein with multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 was studied by carboxy fluorescein efflux and direct cytotoxicity by apoptosis induction. Rhein was less cytotoxic in the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 overexpressing GLC4/ADR cell line compared to GLC4. Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 inhibition with MK571 increased rhein cytotoxicity. Carboxy fluorescein efflux was blocked by rhein. No P-glycoprotein dependent rhein efflux was observed, nor was topoisomerase II responsible for reduced toxicity. Rhein induced apoptosis but did not intercalate DNA. Aloe emodin and danthron were no substrates for MDR mechanisms. Rhein is a substrate for multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 and induces apoptosis. It could therefore render the colonic epithelium sensitive to cytotoxic agents, apart from being toxic in itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A P van Gorkom
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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31
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Uematsu T, Hasegawa T, Hiraoka BY, Komatsu F, Matsuura T, Yamada AS, Yamaoka M. Multidrug resistance gene 1 expression in salivary gland adenocarcinomas and oral squamous-cell carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2001; 92:187-94. [PMID: 11291044 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(200102)9999:9999<::aid-ijc1180>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In combined chemotherapy for head-and-neck cancer (HNC), salivary gland-cell adenocarcinoma (SGA) shows insufficient clinical outcome, and it has been suggested that the sensitivity and/or the mechanism of resistance to anti-cancer drugs are different between SGA and oral squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC). The aim of our study was to clarify whether P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression is associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) in HNC and the difference in the process of its development between SGA and SCC. In immunohistochemical analysis, P-gp expression was found in the ductal cells of salivary glands but not in oral mucosal epithelium. In cancer tissues, a few SCC cells in 12 of 37 and most cells in all SGAs expressed P-gp. The intensive P-gp expression was significantly found in SGA compared with SCC. In an in vivo chemotherapeutic model using tumor-bearing nude mice, P-gp expression in counterparts was observed in only a few cells of the HSY line, while no P-gp expression was observed in Hepd cells. However, P-gp expression was developed in both HSY and Hepd cell lines after vincristine (VCR) treatment. RT-PCR showed that the mean ratios of mdr1 mRNA expression levels in HSY clones were 3.7-fold higher than those in Hepd clones after VCR treatment, while each cell line exhibited both induction and activated production of P-gp. These results suggest that P-gp-related MDR in SGA is an inherent phenotype caused by both high levels of P-gp induction and activated P-gp production during VCR treatment, while that in SCC is an acquired phenotype chiefly caused by induction of P-gp.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/biosynthesis
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, MDR
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Mouth Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/genetics
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vincristine/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- T Uematsu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Matsumoto Dental University School of Dentistry, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan
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Hanafy A, Langguth P, Spahn-Langguth H. Pretreatment with potent P-glycoprotein ligands may increase intestinal secretion in rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2001; 12:405-15. [PMID: 11231107 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(00)00195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The expression of P-glycoprotein is induced in cell cultures upon exposure to various inducers. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the in-vivo relevance of this observation, i.e. the influence of chronic pretreatments with selected drugs -- all of which are ligands to P-glycoprotein (P-gp) as demonstrated in radioligand binding studies and all of which have some or a considerable effect on P-gp expression in Caco-2 cells -- on the effective intestinal permeabilities of the model compound talinolol in rats employing in-situ single-pass intestinal perfusion of three different gut segments. Talinolol was selected, because it shows high selectivity for one of the exsorptive transporters (P-gp) and its intestinal permeability is very sensitive to changes in exsorption when the perfusate concentration is low. Prior to the induction study the perfusion model was optimized regarding the type and concentration of a competitive inhibitor which may be used to block the exsorption-related permeability reduction (through intestinal exsorption) during an ongoing perfusion and would permit an intra-individual comparison of the effective permeability without and with blockade of exsorption. While repetitive verapamil and talinolol dosing had no statistically significant exsorption-inducing effect, vinblastine and rifampicin pretreatments resulted in decreased intestinal talinolol permeabilities in the three tested gut segments, duodenum, jejunum, and colon [e.g., S-talinolol in jejunum: control, 2.50 x 10(-4) cm/s; vinblastine induction, 1.48 x 10(-4) cm/s (P<0.05); rifampicin induction, 1.51 x 10(-4) cm/s (P<0.05)]. Addition of an efficient secretion inhibitor (vinblastine) to the perfusate permitted the determination of the impact of inhibitable secretory processes on the total effective permeabilities and an estimation of passive permeability in the respective individual. The inhibitable permeability fractions were higher for vinblastine than for any other pretreatment and the difference from control pretreatment was statistically significant for all intestinal segments (duodenum, 61.8%; jejunum, 63.1%; colon, 43,7%; S-talinolol). Statistically significant differences were also detected for rifampicin in the perfused duodenum and jejunum (33.1 and 27.5% increase in inhibitable fraction, respectively, for S-talinolol). These differences are explained by a significant induction of outside-directed transport in the intestinal enterocytes by vinblastine and rifampicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hanafy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- G Levitt
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London
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34
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Altered Multidrug Resistance Phenotype Caused by Anthracycline Analogues and Cytosine Arabinoside in Myeloid Leukemia. Blood 1999. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v93.12.4086.412k43_4086_4095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is often increased in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, little is known of the regulation of Pgp expression by cytotoxics in AML. We examined whether Pgp expression and function in leukemic blasts was altered after a short exposure to cytotoxics. Blasts were isolated from 19 patients with AML (15 patients) or chronic myeloid leukemia in blastic transformation (BT-CML, 4 patients). Pgp expression and function were analyzed by flow cytometric analysis of MRK 16 binding and Rhodamine 123 retention, respectively. At equitoxic concentrations, ex vivo exposure for 16 hours to the anthracyclines epirubicin (EPI), daunomycin (DAU), idarubicin (IDA), or MX2 or the nucleoside analogue cytosine arabinoside (AraC) differentially upregulated MDR1/Pgp expression in Pgp-negative and Pgp-positive blast cells. In Pgp-negative blasts, all four anthracyclines and AraC significantly increased Pgp expression (P = .01) and Pgp function (P = .03). In contrast, MX2, DAU, and AraC were the most potent in inducing Pgp expression and function in Pgp positive blasts (P < .05). A good correlation between increased Pgp expression and function was observed in Pgp-negative (r = .90, P = .0001) and Pgp-positive blasts (r = .77,P = .0002). This increase in Pgp expression and function was inhibited by the addition of 1 μmol/L PSC 833 to blast cells at the time of their exposure to these cytotoxics. In 1 patient with AML, an increase in Pgp levels was observed in vivo at 4 and 16 hours after the administration of standard chemotherapy with DAU/AraC. Upregulation of Pgp expression was also demonstrated ex vivo in blasts harvested from this patient before the commencement of treatment. In 3 other cases (1 patient with AML and 2 with BT-CML) in which blasts were Pgp negative at the time of initial clinical presentation, serial samples at 1 to 5 months after chemotherapy showed the presence of Pgp-positive blasts. All 3 patients had refractory disease. Interestingly, in all 3 cases, upregulation of Pgp by cytotoxics was demonstrated ex vivo in blasts harvested at the time of presentation. These data suggest that upregulation of the MDR1 gene may represent a normal response of leukemic cells to cytotoxic stress and may contribute to clinical drug resistance.
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35
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Altered Multidrug Resistance Phenotype Caused by Anthracycline Analogues and Cytosine Arabinoside in Myeloid Leukemia. Blood 1999. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v93.12.4086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe expression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is often increased in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, little is known of the regulation of Pgp expression by cytotoxics in AML. We examined whether Pgp expression and function in leukemic blasts was altered after a short exposure to cytotoxics. Blasts were isolated from 19 patients with AML (15 patients) or chronic myeloid leukemia in blastic transformation (BT-CML, 4 patients). Pgp expression and function were analyzed by flow cytometric analysis of MRK 16 binding and Rhodamine 123 retention, respectively. At equitoxic concentrations, ex vivo exposure for 16 hours to the anthracyclines epirubicin (EPI), daunomycin (DAU), idarubicin (IDA), or MX2 or the nucleoside analogue cytosine arabinoside (AraC) differentially upregulated MDR1/Pgp expression in Pgp-negative and Pgp-positive blast cells. In Pgp-negative blasts, all four anthracyclines and AraC significantly increased Pgp expression (P = .01) and Pgp function (P = .03). In contrast, MX2, DAU, and AraC were the most potent in inducing Pgp expression and function in Pgp positive blasts (P < .05). A good correlation between increased Pgp expression and function was observed in Pgp-negative (r = .90, P = .0001) and Pgp-positive blasts (r = .77,P = .0002). This increase in Pgp expression and function was inhibited by the addition of 1 μmol/L PSC 833 to blast cells at the time of their exposure to these cytotoxics. In 1 patient with AML, an increase in Pgp levels was observed in vivo at 4 and 16 hours after the administration of standard chemotherapy with DAU/AraC. Upregulation of Pgp expression was also demonstrated ex vivo in blasts harvested from this patient before the commencement of treatment. In 3 other cases (1 patient with AML and 2 with BT-CML) in which blasts were Pgp negative at the time of initial clinical presentation, serial samples at 1 to 5 months after chemotherapy showed the presence of Pgp-positive blasts. All 3 patients had refractory disease. Interestingly, in all 3 cases, upregulation of Pgp by cytotoxics was demonstrated ex vivo in blasts harvested at the time of presentation. These data suggest that upregulation of the MDR1 gene may represent a normal response of leukemic cells to cytotoxic stress and may contribute to clinical drug resistance.
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36
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Boven E, Jansen WJ, Hulscher TM, Beijnen JH, van Tellingen O. The influence of P170-glycoprotein modulators on the efficacy and the distribution of vincristine as well as on MDR1 expression in BRO/mdr1.1 human melanoma xenografts. Eur J Cancer 1999; 35:840-9. [PMID: 10505047 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(99)00013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance modulators may increase the antitumour efficacy of drugs affected by P170-glycoprotein (Pgp) in Pgp-positive tumours in vivo. Inhibition of Pgp function in normal tissues, however, may enhance side-effects. Dexniguldipine-HCl, its analogues B9203-009 and B9303-036, and the dipyridamole derivative BIBW22BS could reverse vincristine (VCR) resistance in BRO/mdr1.1 cells (transfected with full-length MDR1 cDNA) and 2780AD cells (selected for doxorubicin resistance) in vitro. VCR resistance in BRO/mdr1.1 xenografts grown subcutaneously (s.c.) in the nude mouse was not or only slightly affected by the Pgp modulators. VCR concentrations in normal mouse tissues increased with the dose of the Pgp modulator administered and this was most pronounced in liver, kidney, small gut and colon. Dexniguldipine 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) given once 4 h before VCR 1 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.) resulted in increased VCR concentrations in BRO/mdr1.1 xenograft tissue. Surprisingly, when dexniguldipine 40 mg/kg i.p. was administered daily x3 before VCR, tumour VCR concentrations were not affected. This phenomenon was not observed in normal mouse tissues. Upregulation of MDR1 mRNA to 2.7- to 3.8-fold higher levels than control mRNA in BRO/mdr1.1 xenograft tissue occurred after VCR or dexniguldipine at 4-8 h and up to 1.7-fold at 24-28 h after injection. The combination showed 3.6- to 3.7-fold increased levels at 4 h after VCR injection. The lower VCR concentrations measured in BRO/mdr1.1 xenograft tissue after pretreatment with dexniguldipine for 3 days relative to animals treated with dexniguldipine only once will likely be caused by a gradual increase of Pgp expression as a response to the upregulation of MDR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Boven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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37
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Induction of MDR1 gene expression by anthracycline analogues in a human drug resistant leukaemia cell line. Br J Cancer 1999. [PMID: 10070877 PMCID: PMC2362657 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6990133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of 4-demethoxydaunorubicin (idarubicin, IDA) and MX2, a new morpholino-anthracycline, on up-regulation of the MDR1 gene in the low-level multidrug resistant (MDR) cell line CEM/A7R were compared at similar concentrations (IC10, IC50and IC90) over a short time exposure (4 and 24 h). The chemosensitivity of each drug was determined by a 3-day cell growth inhibition assay. Compared with epirubicin (EPI), IDA and MX2 were 17- and eightfold more effective in the CEM/A7R line respectively. No cross-resistance to 5-FU was seen in the CEM/A7R line. Verapamil (5 μM) and PSC 833 (1 μM), which dramatically reversed resistance to EPI in the CEM/A7R line, had no sensitizing effect on the resistance of this line to MX2, but slightly decreased resistance to IDA. The sensitivity to 5-FU was unchanged by these modulators. The induction of MDR1 mRNA expression by IDA, MX2 and 5-FU was analysed by Northern blotting and semiquantitatively assessed by scanning Northern blots on a phosphorimager. The relative level of MDR1 expression was expressed as a ratio of MDR1 mRNA to the internal RNA control glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). IDA, MX2 and 5-FU differentially up-regulated MDR1 mRNA in the CEM/A7R line in a dose-dependent manner. Both IDA and MX2 induced MDR1 expression within 4 h. 5-FU up-regulated MDR1 expression only when drug exposure was prolonged to 24 h. Based on MRK 16 binding, flow cytometric analysis of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression paralleled the increase in MDR1 mRNA levels. For the three anthracyclines, the increase in MDR1 expression was stable in cells grown in the absence of drug for more than 3 weeks after drug treatment. The induction of MDR1 expression by 5-FU was transient, associated with a rapid decrease in the increased Pgp levels which returned to baseline 72 h after the removal of 5-FU. This study demonstrates that MDR1 expression can be induced by analogues of anthracyclies not pumped by Pgp, and that this induction appears to be stable despite a 3-week drug-free period. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaign
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38
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Hu XF, Slater A, Rischin D, Kantharidis P, Parkin JD, Zalcberg J. Induction of MDR1 gene expression by anthracycline analogues in a human drug resistant leukaemia cell line. Br J Cancer 1999; 79:831-7. [PMID: 10070877 PMCID: PMC2362657 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of 4-demethoxydaunorubicin (idarubicin, IDA) and MX2, a new morpholino-anthracycline, on up-regulation of the MDR1 gene in the low-level multidrug resistant (MDR) cell line CEM/A7R were compared at similar concentrations (IC10, IC50 and IC90) over a short time exposure (4 and 24 h). The chemosensitivity of each drug was determined by a 3-day cell growth inhibition assay. Compared with epirubicin (EPI), IDA and MX2 were 17- and eightfold more effective in the CEM/A7R line respectively. No cross-resistance to 5-FU was seen in the CEM/A7R line. Verapamil (5 microM) and PSC 833 (1 microM), which dramatically reversed resistance to EPI in the CEM/A7R line, had no sensitizing effect on the resistance of this line to MX2, but slightly decreased resistance to IDA. The sensitivity to 5-FU was unchanged by these modulators. The induction of MDR1 mRNA expression by IDA, MX2 and 5-FU was analysed by Northern blotting and semiquantitatively assessed by scanning Northern blots on a phosphorimager. The relative level of MDR1 expression was expressed as a ratio of MDR1 mRNA to the internal RNA control glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). IDA, MX2 and 5-FU differentially up-regulated MDR1 mRNA in the CEM/A7R line in a dose-dependent manner. Both IDA and MX2 induced MDR1 expression within 4 h. 5-FU up-regulated MDR1 expression only when drug exposure was prolonged to 24 h. Based on MRK 16 binding, flow cytometric analysis of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression paralleled the increase in MDR1 mRNA levels. For the three anthracyclines, the increase in MDR1 expression was stable in cells grown in the absence of drug for more than 3 weeks after drug treatment. The induction of MDR1 expression by 5-FU was transient, associated with a rapid decrease in the increased Pgp levels which returned to baseline 72 h after the removal of 5-FU. This study demonstrates that MDR1 expression can be induced by analogues of anthracyclines not pumped by Pgp, and that this induction appears to be stable despite a 3-week drug-free period.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Hu
- Trescowthick Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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39
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Abstract
The emergence of resistance in a tumor population is most often associated with a disregulation of gene expression, usually at the level of transcription. A major goal in the field of cancer chemotherapy is to define the mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulation of drug resistance genes in an effort to identify targets for therapeutic intervention. Recently, considerable progress has been made in identifying the molecular mechanisms involved in the transcriptional regulation of the P-glycoprotein (Pgp) gene. When overexpressed in tumor cells, Pgp confers resistance to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents; this resistance has been termed MDR (multidrug resistance). Moreover, Pgp is a normal component of a variety of highly differentiated cell types and, as such, is regulated by both internal and external environmental stimuli. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge regarding the DNA elements and protein factors involved in both constitutive and inducible regulation of Pgp transcription in normal and tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Scotto
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10021, U.S.A.,
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Minko T, Kopecková P, Pozharov V, Kopecek J. HPMA copolymer bound adriamycin overcomes MDR1 gene encoded resistance in a human ovarian carcinoma cell line. J Control Release 1998; 54:223-33. [PMID: 9724909 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(98)00009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-adriamycin (ADR) conjugate containing lysosomally degradable oligopeptide (GFLG) side chains terminated in ADR was synthesized. The effect of free and HPMA copolymer-bound ADR on the viability of A2780 sensitive and A2780/AD multidrug resistant human ovarian carcinoma cells was studied in vitro. As expected, the IC50 dose for the HPMA copolymer-ADR conjugate was higher than for free ADR reflecting the difference in the mechanism of cell entry. The resistant A2780/AD cells demonstrated about 40-times higher resistance to free ADR than the sensitive A2780 cells. On the contrary, there was only a small difference in cytotoxicity of the HPMA copolymer-ADR conjugate toward sensitive A2780 or MDR resistant A2780/AD cells. The IC50 value for A2780/AD was only about 20% higher than the value for sensitive A2780 cells. These data seem to indicate that the HPMA copolymer-ADR conjugate may, at least partially, avoid the ATP driven P-glycoprotein (Pgp) efflux pump. The analysis of the expression of the MDR1 gene which encodes the Pgp, has shown that free ADR in high doses stimulated MDR1 gene expression in sensitive A2780 cells. At the same time both free and HPMA copolymer-ADR conjugate partially inhibited the expression of the MDR1 and beta 2 m genes in multidrug resistant A2780/AD cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Minko
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/CCCD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA
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41
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Fardel O, Lecureur V, Daval S, Corlu A, Guillouzo A. Up-regulation of P-glycoprotein expression in rat liver cells by acute doxorubicin treatment. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1997; 246:186-92. [PMID: 9210482 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.t01-1-00186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Expression of P-glycoprotein, a plasma-membrane glycoprotein involved in multidrug resistance and encoded by mdr genes, was investigated in cultured rat liver cells acutely exposed to doxorubicin. This anticancer drug was shown to increase mdr mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner in both rat liver epithelial (RLE) cells and primary rat hepatocytes. This induction of mdr transcripts was detected as early as a 4-h exposure to doxorubicin used at 0.5 microg/ml. It occurred through increased expression of the mdr1 gene as assessed by northern blot analysis using rat mdr-gene-specific probes. In addition, RLE cells exposed to doxorubicin displayed an overexpression of a 140-kDa P-glycoprotein as demonstrated by western blotting. Moreover, doxorubicin-treated RLE cells displayed enhanced cellular efflux of the P-glycoprotein substrate rhodamine 123 that was inhibited by the P-glycoprotein blocker verapamil, thus providing evidence that doxorubicin-induced P-glycoprotein was functional in liver cells. Doxorubicin-mediated mdr mRNA induction was found to be fully inhibited by actinomycin D, thus indicating its dependence on RNA synthesis; it was demonstrated to be not associated with alteration of protein synthesis, suggesting it differed from the known mdr mRNA overexpression occurring in response to cycloheximide. In contrast to P-glycoprotein, other liver detoxification pathways such as cytochromes P-450 1A were not induced by doxorubicin treatment. These data indicate that doxorubicin can act as a potent acute inducer of functional P-glycoprotein in rat liver cells and therefore may modulate both chemosensitivity of hepatic cells and P-glycoprotein-mediated biliary secretion of xenobiotics.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/biosynthesis
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line
- Cell Survival
- Cells, Cultured
- Cycloheximide/pharmacology
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2/genetics
- Dactinomycin/pharmacology
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Genes, MDR
- Liver/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- O Fardel
- Unité Détoxication et Réparation Tissulaire, U456 de l'INSERM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Rennes, France
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42
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Gonzalez Manzano R, Versanvoort C, Wright K, Twentyman PR. Rapid recovery of a functional MDR phenotype caused by MRP after a transient exposure to MDR drugs in a revertant human lung cancer cell line. Eur J Cancer 1996; 32A:2136-41. [PMID: 9014757 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(96)00263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies have shown that, in some human tumour cells, increased expression of the multidrug resistance gene MDR1 can be induced in response to certain stress conditions such as a transient exposure to cytotoxic agents. Little is known about the possibility of increasing the expression of the recently cloned multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) in response to a transient exposure to cytotoxic drugs. In order to examine this possibility, we have used sensitive assays (RT-PCR, flow cytometry) and the sensitive large cell lung cancer cell line, COR-L23/P, and the revertant line (COR-L23/Rev), generated by growing the doxorubicin-selected, MRP-overexpressing resistant variant COR-L23/R without drug exposure for 24-28 weeks. COR-L23/Rev overexpresses MRP, but to a lesser extent than COR-L23/R. COR-L23/Rev rapidly recovered similar levels of MRP mRNA, protein expression, resistance and drug accumulation deficit as COR-L23/R after a 48-72 h exposure to cytotoxic concentrations of doxorubicin or vincristine but not cisplatin. The increase in MRP mRNA could only be detected 3 to 4 days after the transient exposure to drugs. However, when the parental line, COR-L23/P, was exposed to equitoxic doses of doxorubicin, vincristine or cisplatin, no increase in the levels of MRP mRNA could be observed at higher doses (5- to 10-fold the IC50) of doxorubicin or vincristine (but not of cisplatin), we detected a transient increase in the levels of MDR1 mRNA immediately after short-term exposure. In conclusion, we have shown that a human revertant lung cancer cell line (COR-L23/Rev) has the ability to recover quickly, similar levels of MRP expression and resistance as COR-L23/R after a transient exposure to the MDR-drugs doxorubicin and vincristine.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes, MDR
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Vincristine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gonzalez Manzano
- Clinical Oncology and Radiotherapeutics Unit Medical Research Council Centre, Cambridge, U.K
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43
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Komarov PG, Shtil AA, Buckingham LE, Balasubramanian M, Piraner O, Emanuele RM, Roninson IB, Coon JS. Inhibition of cytarabine-induced MDR1 (P-glycoprotein) gene activation in human tumor cells by fatty acid-polyethylene glycol-fatty acid diesters, novel inhibitors of P-glycoprotein function. Int J Cancer 1996; 68:245-50. [PMID: 8900436 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19961009)68:2<245::aid-ijc18>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid ester surfactants Cremophor EL and Solutol HS 15 were described earlier as modulators of multidrug resistance mediated by MDR1 P-glycoprotein (Pgp). We have shown that the most active components of these polydisperse surfactants are fatty acid-polyethylene glycol-fatty acid diesters (FA-PEG-FA). A new generation of Pgp-surfactant inhibitors of defined structure was therefore synthesized. In the present study we show that these compounds are also able to inhibit up-regulation of MDR1 gene expression caused by cytarabine (ARA-C) and doxorubicin in human tumor cell lines H9 and KB 3-1, which express minimal levels of MDR1 mRNA. The surfactant inhibitors, however, had no effect on the induction of MDR1 gene expression by protein kinase C agonists. Using a set of FA-PEG-FA diesters with various fatty acids and different lengths of the PEG domain, we demonstrated that the activity of diester preparations as inhibitors of drug-induced MDR1 activation was in proportion to their activity as inhibitors of Pgp function. Oleic and stearic acid diesters with PEG 900 (20 ethylene oxide units) were the most potent. The poloxamer analogs of these diesters demonstrated similar effects. In contrast, the well-known, structurally unrelated inhibitors of Pgp activity, verapamil, cyclosporin A and PSC 833, had no inhibitory effect on drug-induced MDR1 activation. The ability of FA-PEG-FA diesters to inhibit both Pgp function and drug-induced MDR1 activation suggests that these chemomodulators may be uniquely useful for the prophylaxis of Pgp-mediated multidrug resistance in drug-treated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Komarov
- Department of Pathology, Rush Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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44
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Bielack SS, Erttmann R, Kempf-Bielack B, Winkler K. Impact of scheduling on toxicity and clinical efficacy of doxorubicin: what do we know in the mid-nineties? Eur J Cancer 1996; 32A:1652-60. [PMID: 8983270 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8049(96)00177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S S Bielack
- Abteilung für pädiatrische Hämatologie & Onkologie, Universitätskinderklinik Hamburg, Germany
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