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Ong MS, Deng S, Halim CE, Cai W, Tan TZ, Huang RYJ, Sethi G, Hooi SC, Kumar AP, Yap CT. Cytoskeletal Proteins in Cancer and Intracellular Stress: A Therapeutic Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010238. [PMID: 31963677 PMCID: PMC7017214 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal proteins, which consist of different sub-families of proteins including microtubules, actin and intermediate filaments, are essential for survival and cellular processes in both normal as well as cancer cells. However, in cancer cells, these mechanisms can be altered to promote tumour development and progression, whereby the functions of cytoskeletal proteins are co-opted to facilitate increased migrative and invasive capabilities, proliferation, as well as resistance to cellular and environmental stresses. Herein, we discuss the cytoskeletal responses to important intracellular stresses (such as mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stresses), and delineate the consequences of these responses, including effects on oncogenic signalling. In addition, we elaborate how the cytoskeleton and its associated molecules present themselves as therapeutic targets. The potential and limitations of targeting new classes of cytoskeletal proteins are also explored, in the context of developing novel strategies that impact cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Shan Ong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (M.S.O.); (S.D.); (C.E.H.)
| | - Shuo Deng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (M.S.O.); (S.D.); (C.E.H.)
| | - Clarissa Esmeralda Halim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (M.S.O.); (S.D.); (C.E.H.)
| | - Wanpei Cai
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore (T.Z.T.); (R.Y.-J.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore (T.Z.T.); (R.Y.-J.H.)
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore (T.Z.T.); (R.Y.-J.H.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Ren Ai Road Sec. 1, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
- Medical Science Cluster, Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Shing Chuan Hooi
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (M.S.O.); (S.D.); (C.E.H.)
- Medical Science Cluster, Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.C.H.); (A.P.K.); (C.T.Y.); Tel.: +65-6516-3294 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-5456 (A.P.K.); Fax: +65-6778-8161 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-9664 (A.P.K.)
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore (T.Z.T.); (R.Y.-J.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
- Medical Science Cluster, Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.C.H.); (A.P.K.); (C.T.Y.); Tel.: +65-6516-3294 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-5456 (A.P.K.); Fax: +65-6778-8161 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-9664 (A.P.K.)
| | - Celestial T. Yap
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (M.S.O.); (S.D.); (C.E.H.)
- Medical Science Cluster, Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.C.H.); (A.P.K.); (C.T.Y.); Tel.: +65-6516-3294 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-5456 (A.P.K.); Fax: +65-6778-8161 (S.C.H. & C.T.Y.); +65-6873-9664 (A.P.K.)
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Buß M, Tegtmeyer N, Schnieder J, Dong X, Li J, Springer TA, Backert S, Niemann HH. Specific high affinity interaction of Helicobacter pylori CagL with integrin α V β 6 promotes type IV secretion of CagA into human cells. FEBS J 2019; 286:3980-3997. [PMID: 31197920 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CagL is an essential pilus surface component of the virulence-associated type IV secretion system (T4SS) employed by Helicobacter pylori to translocate the oncogenic effector protein CagA into human gastric epithelial cells. CagL contains an RGD motif and integrin α5 β1 is widely accepted as its host cell receptor. Here, we show that CagL binds integrin αV β6 with substantially higher affinity and that this interaction is functionally important. Cell surface expression of αV β6 on various cell lines correlated perfectly with cell adhesion to immobilized CagL and with binding of soluble CagL to cells. We found no such correlation for α5 β1 . The purified αV β6 ectodomain bound CagL with high affinity. This interaction was highly specific, as the affinity of CagL for other RGD-binding integrins was two to three orders of magnitude weaker. Mutation of either conserved leucine in the CagL RGDLXXL motif, a motif that generally confers specificity for integrin αV β6 and αV β8 , lowered the affinity of CagL for αV β6 . Stable expression of αV β6 in αV β6 -negative but α5 β1 -expressing human cells promoted two hallmarks of the functional H. pylori T4SS, namely translocation of CagA into host cells and induction of interleukin-8 secretion by host cells. These findings suggest that integrin αV β6 , although not essential for T4SS function, represents an important host cell receptor for CagL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Buß
- Structural Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Germany
| | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schnieder
- Structural Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Germany
| | - Xianchi Dong
- Children's Hospital Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Children's Hospital Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy A Springer
- Children's Hospital Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steffen Backert
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut H Niemann
- Structural Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Germany
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3
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The RGD motif is involved in CD97/ADGRE5-promoted cell adhesion and viability of HT1080 cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1517. [PMID: 30728423 PMCID: PMC6365523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38045-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD97/ADGRE5 is an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR) involved in tumor cell adhesion, migration, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. CD97 has been shown previously to stimulate angiogenesis by interacting with integrins on endothelial cells via an Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic acid (RGD) motif. In this report, the role of the RGD motif in tumor cell adhesion and apoptosis was investigated using a previously-established HT1080 cell-based system. We found that the RGD motif is critical in CD97-promoted cell adhesion, in part due to the up-regulation of αvβ5 and α2β1 integrins, and that CD97 mediates its anti-apoptotic effect in extrinsic apoptosis via RGD-dependent cell adhesion. In contrast, CD97-modulated anti-apoptotic effect in intrinsic apoptosis is mediated by RGD-independent, N-cadherin-induced homotypic cell aggregation. Hence, CD97 promotes tumorigenesis via RGD-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
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4
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Bengs S, Becker E, Busenhart P, Spalinger MR, Raselli T, Kasper S, Lang S, Atrott K, Mamie C, Vavricka SR, von Boehmer L, Knuth A, Tuomisto A, Mäkinen MJ, Hruz P, Turina M, Rickenbacher A, Petrowsky H, Weber A, Frei P, Halama M, Jenkins G, Sheppard D, Croner RS, Christoph J, Britzen-Laurent N, Naschberger E, Schellerer V, Stürzl M, Fried M, Rogler G, Scharl M. β 6 -integrin serves as a novel serum tumor marker for colorectal carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:678-685. [PMID: 30653264 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide and the need for novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to improve diagnosis and surveillance is obvious. This study aims to identify β6 -integrin (ITGB6) as a novel serum tumor marker for diagnosis, prognosis, and surveillance of CRC. ITGB6 serum levels were validated in retro- and prospective CRC patient cohorts. ITGB6 serum levels were analyzed by ELISA. Using an initial cohort of 60 CRC patients, we found that ITGB6 is present in the serum of CRC, but not in non-CRC control patients. A cut-off of ≥2 ng/mL ITGB6 reveals 100% specificity for the presence of metastatic CRC. In an enlarged study cohort of 269 CRC patients, ITGB6 predicted the onset of metastatic disease and was associated with poor prognosis. Those data were confirmed in an independent, prospective cohort consisting of 40 CRC patients. To investigate whether ITGB6 can also be used for tumor surveillance, serum ITGB6-levels were assessed in 26 CRC patients, pre- and post-surgery, as well as during follow-up visits. After complete tumor resection, ITGB6 serum levels declined completely. During follow-up, a new rise in ITGB6 serum levels indicated tumor recurrence or the onset of new metastasis as confirmed by CT scan. ITGB6 was more accurate for prognosis of advanced CRC and for tumor surveillance as the established marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Our findings identify ITGB6 as a novel serum marker for diagnosis, prognosis, and surveillance of advanced CRC. This might essentially contribute to an optimized patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Bengs
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eugenia Becker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Busenhart
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tina Raselli
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Kasper
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Celine Mamie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexander Knuth
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research NCCCR, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anne Tuomisto
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markus J Mäkinen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petr Hruz
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Turina
- Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Rickenbacher
- Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Petrowsky
- Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Frei
- Clinic for Gastroenterology Bethanien, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Halama
- Clinic for Gastroenterology Zurich-Fluntern, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Roland S Croner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jan Christoph
- Department of Medical Informatics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nathalie Britzen-Laurent
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Naschberger
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vera Schellerer
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, University Medical Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Fried
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Hünerwadel A, Fagagnini S, Rogler G, Lutz C, Jaeger SU, Mamie C, Weder B, Ruiz PA, Hausmann M. Severity of local inflammation does not impact development of fibrosis in mouse models of intestinal fibrosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15182. [PMID: 30315190 PMCID: PMC6185984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is thought to be a consequence of excessive tissue repair, and constitutes a common problem in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). While fibrosis seems to require inflammation as a prerequisite it is unclear whether the severity or persistence of inflammation influences the degree of fibrosis. Our aim was to investigate the role of sustained inflammation in fibrogenesis. For the initiation of fibrosis in vivo the models of Il10−/− spontaneous colitis, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced chronic colitis and heterotopic transplantation were used. In Il10−/− mice, we determined a positive correlation between expression of pro-inflammatory factors (Il1β, Tnf, Ifnγ, Mcp1 and Il6). We also found a positive correlation between the expression of pro-fibrotic factors (Col3a1 Col1a1, Tgfβ and αSma). In contrast, no significant correlation was determined between the expression of pro-inflammatory Tnf and pro-fibrotic αSma, Col1a1, Col3a1, collagen layer thickness and the hydroxyproline (HYP) content. Results from the DSS-induced chronic colitis model confirmed this finding. In the transplantation model for intestinal fibrosis a pronounced increase in Mcp1, inos and Il6 in Il10−/− as compared to WT grafts was observed, indicating more severe inflammation in Il10−/− grafts. However, the increase of collagen over time was virtually identical in both Il10−/− and WT grafts. Severity of inflammation during onset of fibrogenesis did not correlate with collagen deposition. Although inflammation might be a pre-requisite for the initiation of fibrosis our data suggest that it has a minor impact on the progression of fibrosis. Our results suggest that development of fibrosis and inflammation may be disconnected. This may be important for explaining the inefficacy of anti-inflammatory treatments agents in most cases of fibrotic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hünerwadel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Fagagnini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Lutz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S U Jaeger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Mamie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Raab-Westphal S, Marshall JF, Goodman SL. Integrins as Therapeutic Targets: Successes and Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E110. [PMID: 28832494 PMCID: PMC5615325 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9090110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that are central to the biology of many human pathologies. Classically mediating cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell interaction, and with an emerging role as local activators of TGFβ, they influence cancer, fibrosis, thrombosis and inflammation. Their ligand binding and some regulatory sites are extracellular and sensitive to pharmacological intervention, as proven by the clinical success of seven drugs targeting them. The six drugs on the market in 2016 generated revenues of some US$3.5 billion, mainly from inhibitors of α4-series integrins. In this review we examine the current developments in integrin therapeutics, especially in cancer, and comment on the health economic implications of these developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Raab-Westphal
- Translational In Vivo Pharmacology, Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - John F Marshall
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Simon L Goodman
- Translational and Biomarkers Research, Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Anti-MMP-9 Antibody: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Complications with Fibrosis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016; 22:2041-57. [PMID: 27542125 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite medical treatments or surgical options, more than one-third of patients with Crohn's disease suffer from recurring fistulae. Matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9), a type IV collagenase that cleaves components of the extracellular matrix leading to tissue remodeling, is upregulated in crypt abscesses and around fistulae suggesting an important role for this enzyme in fistula formation. Our aims were (1) to correlate serum levels of MMP-9 degradation products in patients with CD with the presence of fistulae and (2) to investigate the impact of selective MMP-9 inhibition in a mouse model of intestinal fibrosis. METHODS Serum MMP-9 degradation products were quantified in subjects affected with nonstricturing and nonpenetrating CD (n = 50), stricturing CD (n = 41), penetrating CD (n = 22), CD with perianal fistula (n = 29), and healthy controls (n = 10). Therapeutic efficacy of anti-MMP-9 monoclonal antibodies was assessed in a heterotopic xenograft model of intestinal fibrosis. RESULTS C3M, an MMP-9 degradation product of collagen III, demonstrated the highest serum levels in patients with penetrating CD and differentiated penetrating CD from other CD subgroups and healthy controls, P = 0.0005. Anti-MMP-9 treatments reduced collagen deposition and hydroxyproline content in day-14 intestinal grafts indicating reduced fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS The serologic biomarker C3M can discriminate penetrating CD from other CD subgroups and could serve as marker for the development of penetrating CD. Anti-MMP-9 antibody has therapeutic potential to prevent intestinal fibrosis in CD complications.
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Saviola AJ, Burns PD, Mukherjee AK, Mackessy SP. The disintegrin tzabcanin inhibits adhesion and migration in melanoma and lung cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 88:457-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Withofs N, Martinive P, Vanderick J, Bletard N, Scagnol I, Mievis F, Giacomelli F, Coucke P, Delvenne P, Cataldo D, Gambhir SS, Hustinx R. [(18)F]FPRGD2 PET/CT imaging of integrin αvβ3 levels in patients with locally advanced rectal carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 43:654-62. [PMID: 26490751 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-015-3219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our primary objective was to determine if [(18)F]FPRGD2 PET/CT performed at baseline and/or after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) could predict tumour regression grade (TRG) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Secondary objectives were to compare baseline [(18)F]FPRGD2 and [(18)F]FDG uptake, to evaluate the correlation between posttreatment [(18)F]FPRGD2 uptake and tumour microvessel density (MVD) and to determine if [(18)F]FPRGD2 and FDG PET/CT could predict disease-free survival. METHODS Baseline [(18)F]FPRGD2 and FDG PET/CT were performed in 32 consecutive patients (23 men, 9 women; mean age 63 ± 8 years) with LARC before starting any therapy. A posttreatment [(18)F]FPRGD2 PET/CT scan was performed in 24 patients after the end of CRT (median interval 7 weeks, range 3 - 15 weeks) and before surgery (median interval 4 days, range 1 - 15 days). RESULTS All LARC showed uptake of both [(18)F]FPRGD2 (SUVmax 5.4 ± 1.5, range 2.7 - 9) and FDG (SUVmax 16.5 ± 8, range 7.1 - 36.5). There was a moderate positive correlation between [(18)F]FPRGD2 and FDG SUVmax (Pearson's r = 0.49, p = 0.0026). There was a moderate negative correlation between baseline [(18)F]FPRGD2 SUVmax and the TRG (Spearman's r = -0.37, p = 0.037), and a [(18)F]FPRGD2 SUVmax of >5.6 identified all patients with a complete response (TRG 0; AUC 0.84, 95 % CI 0.68 - 1, p = 0.029). In the 24 patients who underwent a posttreatment [(18)F]FPRGD2 PET/CT scan the response index, calculated as [(SUVmax1 - SUVmax2)/SUVmax1] × 100 %, was not associated with TRG. Post-treatment [(18)F]FPRGD2 uptake was not correlated with tumour MVD. Neither [(18)F]FPRGD2 nor FDG uptake predicted disease-free survival. CONCLUSION Baseline [(18)F]FPRGD2 uptake was correlated with the pathological response in patients with LARC treated with CRT. However, the specificity was too low to consider its clinical routine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Withofs
- Department of Medical Physics, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Oncological Imaging, B35 Domaine universitaire du Sart Tilman, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Philippe Martinive
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Medical Physics, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean Vanderick
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Medical Physics, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | - Frédéric Mievis
- CYCLOTRON Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Philippe Coucke
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Medical Physics, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Didier Cataldo
- Laboratory of Tumour and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Radiology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Roland Hustinx
- Department of Medical Physics, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Oncological Imaging, B35 Domaine universitaire du Sart Tilman, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
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10
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Saviola AJ, Modahl CM, Mackessy SP. Disintegrins of Crotalus simus tzabcan venom: Isolation, characterization and evaluation of the cytotoxic and anti-adhesion activities of tzabcanin, a new RGD disintegrin. Biochimie 2015; 116:92-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Adhesion of several cell lines to Helicobacter pylori CagL is mediated by integrin αVβ6 via an RGDLXXL motif. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:1304-1315. [PMID: 25617764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The Helicobacter pylori type IV secretion system pilus protein CagL mediates interaction with host cells via its RGD motif. Here, we analyzed prerequisites for this interaction within CagL and on host cells. Various human cell lines were tested for adhesion to CagL. HT-29 and 23132/87 cells adhered to immobilized recombinant CagL in an RGD-dependent manner, while 293T (human embryonic kidney) and A549 cells did not. In a competitive ELISA, CagL competed with fibronectin for binding to the ectodomains of integrins αVβ6 and αVβ8 but not of αVβ1, αVβ3, αVβ5 and α5β1. Integrin αVβ6 acts as receptor for several viruses exposing an RGDLXXL motif. CagL also contains an RGDLXXL sequence. We individually mutated Leu79 and Leu82 of this motif to threonine, although both leucines are buried in the hydrophobic core. Surprisingly, the ability of CagL variants L79T and L82T to support adhesion was significantly reduced for 23132/87 cells and lost for MKN-45 and HT-29 cells. The role of integrin αVβ6 in adhesion to CagL was investigated using SW480 cells transfected with the integrin β6 subunit (SW480β6). These cells adhered to CagL in an RGD-dependent manner, while mock-transfected SW480 cells did not. The antibody 3G9 that blocks the function of integrin αVβ6 inhibited adhesion of SW480β6, MKN-45, 23132/87 and HT-29 cells to CagL. In summary, CagL features an RGDLXXL motif facilitating adhesion of several human cell lines via integrin αVβ6. The buried location of Leu79 and Leu82 supports our previously published hypothesis that CagL partly unfolds upon integrin binding.
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Élez E, Kocáková I, Höhler T, Martens UM, Bokemeyer C, Van Cutsem E, Melichar B, Smakal M, Csőszi T, Topuzov E, Orlova R, Tjulandin S, Rivera F, Straub J, Bruns R, Quaratino S, Tabernero J. Abituzumab combined with cetuximab plus irinotecan versus cetuximab plus irinotecan alone for patients with KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: the randomised phase I/II POSEIDON trial. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:132-140. [PMID: 25319061 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrins are involved in tumour progression and metastasis, and differentially expressed on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Abituzumab (EMD 525797), a humanised monoclonal antibody targeting integrin αν heterodimers, has demonstrated preclinical activity. This trial was designed to assess the tolerability of different doses of abituzumab in combination with cetuximab and irinotecan (phase I) and explore the efficacy and tolerability of the combination versus that of cetuximab and irinotecan in patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC) (phase II part). METHODS Eligible patients had KRAS (exon 2) wild-type mCRC and had received prior oxaliplatin-containing therapy. The trial comprised an initial safety run-in using abituzumab doses up to 1000 mg combined with a standard of care (SoC: cetuximab plus irinotecan) and a phase II part in which patients were randomised 1 : 1 : 1 to receive abituzumab 500 mg (arm A) or 1000 mg (arm B) every 2 weeks combined with SoC, or SoC alone (arm C). The primary end point was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points included overall survival (OS), response rate (RR) and tolerability. Associations between tumour integrin expression and outcomes were also assessed. RESULTS Phase I showed that abituzumab doses up to 1000 mg were well tolerated in combination with SoC. Seventy-three (arm A), 71 (arm B) and 72 (arm C) patients were randomised to the phase II part. Baseline characteristics were balanced. PFS was similar in the three arms: arm A versus SoC, hazard ratio (HR) 1.13 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78-1.64]; arm B versus SoC, HR 1.11 (95% CI 0.77-1.61). RRs were also similar. A trend toward improved OS was observed: arm A versus SoC, HR 0.83 (95% CI 0.54-1.28); arm B versus SoC, HR 0.80 (95% CI 0.52-1.25). Grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events were observed in 72%, 78% and 67% of patients. High tumour integrin αvβ6 expression was associated with longer OS in arms A [HR 0.55 (0.30-1.00)] and B [HR 0.41 (0.21-0.81)] than in arm C. CONCLUSION The primary PFS end point was not met, although predefined exploratory biomarker analyses identified subgroups of patients in whom abituzumab may have benefit. The tolerability of abituzumab combined with cetuximab and irinotecan was acceptable. Further study is warranted. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT01008475.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Élez
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Kocáková
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masarykuv Onkologicky Ustav, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - T Höhler
- Medical Clinic I, Prosper-Hospital, Recklinghausen
| | - U M Martens
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cancer Center Heilbronn-Franken, Heilbronn
| | - C Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, University Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Van Cutsem
- Department of Digestive Oncology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg Leuven and KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Melichar
- Department of Oncology, Palacký University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc
| | - M Smakal
- Department of Oncology, Horovice, Czech Republic
| | - T Csőszi
- Department of Oncology, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok Megyei Hetenyi Geza Korhaz-Rendelointezet, Szolnok, Hungary
| | - E Topuzov
- GOU VPO St-Petersburg SMA, n/a Mechnikov Federal Agency of Healthcare, St Petersburg
| | - R Orlova
- City Clinical Oncology Dispensary, St Petersburg
| | - S Tjulandin
- S.I. Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - F Rivera
- University Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | - R Bruns
- Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - J Tabernero
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Scharl M, Rogler G. Pathophysiology of fistula formation in Crohn's disease. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2014; 5:205-212. [PMID: 25133023 PMCID: PMC4133520 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v5.i3.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fistulae represent an important complication in patient suffering from Crohn’s disease (CD). Cumulative incidence of fistula formation in CD patients is 17%-50% and about one third of patients suffer from recurring fistulae formation. Medical treatment options often fail and also surgery frequently is not successful. Available data indicate that CD-associated fistulae originate from an epithelial defect that may be caused by ongoing inflammation. Having undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) penetrate into deeper layers of the mucosa and the gut wall causing localized tissue damage formation of a tube like structure and finally a connection to other organs or the body surface. EMT of IEC may be initially aimed to improve wound repair mechanisms since “conventional” wound healing mechanisms, such as migration of fibroblasts, are impaired in CD patients. EMT also enhances activation of matrix remodelling enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-9 causing further tissue damage and inflammation. Finally, soluble mediators like TNF and interleukin-13 further induce their own expression in an autocrine manner and enhance expression of molecules associated with cell invasiveness aggravating the process. Additionally, pathogen-associated molecular patterns also seem to play a role for induction of EMT and fistula development. Though current knowledge suggests a number of therapeutic options, new and more effective therapeutic approaches are urgently needed for patients suffering from CD-associated fistulae. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of fistula formation, however, is a prerequisite for the development of more efficacious medical anti-fistula treatments.
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Dobson CM, Hempel SJ, Stalnaker SH, Stuart R, Wells L. O-Mannosylation and human disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 70:2849-57. [PMID: 23115008 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation of proteins is arguably the most prevalent co- and post-translational modification. It is responsible for increased heterogeneity and functional diversity of proteins. Here we discuss the importance of one type of glycosylation, specifically O-mannosylation and its relationship to a number of human diseases. The most widely studied O-mannose modified protein is alpha-dystroglycan (α-DG). Recent studies have focused intensely on α-DG due to the severity of diseases associated with its improper glycosylation. O-mannosylation of α-DG is involved in cancer metastasis, arenavirus entry, and multiple forms of congenital muscular dystrophy [1, 2]. In this review, we discuss the structural and functional characteristics of O-mannose-initiated glycan structures on α-DG, enzymes involved in the O-mannosylation pathway, and the diseases that are a direct result of disruptions within this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Dobson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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15
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Lei Y, Huang K, Gao C, Lau QC, Pan H, Xie K, Li J, Liu R, Zhang T, Xie N, Nai HS, Wu H, Dong Q, Zhao X, Nice EC, Huang C, Wei Y. Proteomics identification of ITGB3 as a key regulator in reactive oxygen species-induced migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 10:M110.005397. [PMID: 21622897 PMCID: PMC3205852 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m110.005397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and second in females worldwide. Unfortunately 40-50% of patients already have metastatic disease at presentation when prognosis is poor with a 5-year survival of <10%. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed to play a crucial role in tumor metastasis. We now show that higher levels of ROS accumulation are found in a colorectal cancer-derived metastatic cell line (SW620) compared with a cell line (SW480) derived from the primary lesion from the same patient. In addition, ROS accumulation can affect both the migratory and invasive capacity of SW480 and SW620 cells. To explore the molecular mechanism underlying ROS-induced migration and invasion in CRC, we have compared protein expression patterns between SW480 and SW620 cells using a two-dimensional electrophoresis-based proteomics strategy. A total of 63 altered proteins were identified from tandem MS analysis. Cluster analysis revealed dysregulated expression of multiple redox regulative or ROS responsive proteins, implicating their functional roles in colorectal cancer metastasis. Molecular and pathological validation demonstrated that altered expression of PGAM1, GRB2, DJ-1, ITGB3, SOD-1, and STMN1 was closely correlated with the metastatic potential of CRC. Functional studies showed that ROS markedly up-regulated expression of ITGB3, which in turn promoted an aggressive phenotype in SW480 cells, with concomitant up-regulated expression of STMN1. In contrast, knockdown of ITGB3 expression could mitigate the migratory and invasive potential of SW620 or H(2)O(2)-treated SW480 cells, accompanied by down-regulated expression of STMN1. The function of ITGB3 was dependent on the surface expression of integrin αvβ3 heterodimer. Furthermore, STMN1 expression and the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway were found to be involved in ROS-induced and ITGB3-mediated migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Taken together, these studies suggest that ITGB3 plays an important role in ROS-induced migration and invasion in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Lei
- From the ‡The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Kai Huang
- From the ‡The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Cong Gao
- §Department of General Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Quek Choon Lau
- ¶School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic. 535 Clementi Road, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hua Pan
- §Department of General Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ke Xie
- §Department of General Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Li
- From the ‡The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- From the ‡The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- From the ‡The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Na Xie
- From the ‡The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Huey Shan Nai
- ¶School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic. 535 Clementi Road, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hong Wu
- ‖Department of Urology and General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Dong
- ‖Department of Urology and General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- From the ‡The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- **Monash University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- From the ‡The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- From the ‡The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
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Wang J, Wu J, Hong J, Chen R, Xu K, Niu W, Peng C, Liu E, Wang J, Liu S, Agrez M, Niu J. PKC promotes the migration of colon cancer cells by regulating the internalization and recycling of integrin αvβ6. Cancer Lett 2011; 311:38-47. [PMID: 21741165 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently published studies have suggested that integrin trafficking is necessary to support cell migration, but the role of internalization and recycling of integrin αvβ6 in colon cancer cells remained unclear. In our study, we demonstrated the existence of the integrin cycle and found that inhibition of ERK2 phosphorylation by PD98059 or deletion of the ERK2 direct binding site on the β6 cytoplasmic domain could interrupt the internalization of integrin αvβ6, but had no effect on its recycling. Furthermore, integrin αvβ6 trafficking played a key role in the migration of colon cancer cells towards fibronectin. Activation of PKC significantly accelerated the internalization and recycling of integrin αvβ6, which could facilitate rapid redistribution of integrin αvβ6 and increase cell motility. When colon cancer cells became crowded, the increase in αvβ6 levels at the cell surface was not accompanied by a change in total αvβ6 expression in cell lysates. This change may be due to a redistribution of αvβ6 in cell microstructures and a rapid cellular response towards the demands of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
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17
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Yang GY, Xu KS, Pan ZQ, Zhang ZY, Mi YT, Wang JS, Chen R, Niu J. Integrin alpha v beta 6 mediates the potential for colon cancer cells to colonize in and metastasize to the liver. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:879-87. [PMID: 18294287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin alpha v beta 6 (alpha v beta 6) is correlated with colon cancer progression. To detect the effects of alpha v beta 6 on liver metastasis, the specificity of alpha v beta 6 against the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G2 was examined by immunoprecipitation. Integrin alpha v beta 6-immunoreactivity (IR) in liver metastasis tissues (63 cases) and colon carcinoma (358 cases) were examined. These results showed that alpha v beta 6 was specifically recognized by the mAb 2G2, and that rates of alpha v beta 6 positivity in liver metastatic tissues (71.4%, 45/63) were higher than that for primary colon cancer (34.0%, 122/358) (P < 0.01). Patients who were alpha v beta 6-positive had higher liver metastasis rates (17%, 21/122) than those who were alpha v beta 6-negative (only 3%, 7/236) (P < 0.01). To examine the underlying mechanisms associated with alpha v beta 6 regulating colonic metastasis in the liver, experimental liver metastasis (intrasplenic injection of HT29 transfectants) and liver colonization assays (direct injection of WiDr transfectants into the liver) in nude mice were performed; these demonstrated that alpha v beta 6 contributed to the promotion of the metastatic potential and the survival of cancer cells in the liver. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels in the cultures of both HT29 and WiDr cells were detected by the Biotrak MMP-9 activity assay system and gelatin zymography assay, and showed that suppression of alpha v beta 6-IR inhibited MMP-9 activity and secretion. Transwell migration assay in vitro also showed that alpha v beta 6 promoted migration on fibronectin for HT29/WiDr mock compared with HT29/WiDr antisense beta 6 transfects (P < 0.01). We concluded that alpha v beta 6 may mediate the potential for colon cancer cells to colonize in and metastasize to the liver. The mechanisms that alpha v beta 6 may be involved in include the promotion of MMP-9 secretion, the enhancement of migration on fibronectin, and the survival of cancer cells in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yun Yang
- General Surgical Department of Qilu Hospital and Institute of Hepatobiliary and Vascular Surgery, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Abstract
Even though liver metastasis accounts for the vast majority of cancer deaths in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), fundamental questions about the molecular and cellular mechanisms of liver metastasis still remain unanswered. Determination of gene expression profiles by microarray technology has improved our knowledge of CRC molecular pathways. However, defined gene signatures are highly variable among studies. Expression profiles and molecular markers have been specifically linked to liver metastases mechanistic paths in CRC. However, to date, none of the identified signatures or molecular markers has been successfully validated as a diagnostic or prognostic tool applicable to routine clinical practice. To obtain a genetic signature for liver metastasis in CRC, measures to improve reproducibility, to increase consistency, and to validate results need to be implemented. Alternatives to expression profiling with microarray technology are continuing to be used. In the recent past, many genes codifying for proteins that are directly or indirectly involved in adhesion, invasion, angiogenesis, survival and cell growth have been linked to mechanisms of liver metastases in CRC.
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19
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Zhang ZY, Xu KS, Wang JS, Yang GY, Wang W, Wang JY, Niu WB, Liu EY, Mi YT, Niu J. Integrin alphanvbeta6 acts as a prognostic indicator in gastric carcinoma. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2007; 20:61-6. [PMID: 17981018 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2007] [Revised: 07/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the relationships between integrin alphanubeta6 expression and the clinical-pathological features of gastric carcinoma and whether integrin alphanubeta6 can act as a prognostic indicator in gastric carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We generated the microarray of 300 human gastric carcinoma specimens, and used the method of immunohistochemistry to investigate the expression of alphanubeta6 in them and the relationships between the expression of alphanubeta6 and the clinical-pathological features of the tumours. Meanwhile, we retrospectively analysed the relationship between alphanubeta6 expression and the survival times of the patients. RESULTS The expression of alphanubeta6 was detected in 36.7% of gastric carcinomas, and the expression was associated with Lauren type, differentiation, N stage and TNM stage of the tumours (the P values were 0.004, 0.035, 0.024 and 0.001, respectively). The Kaplan-Meier plot showed that patients who were alphanubeta6 negative had much longer survival times than those who were alphanubeta6 positive (P<0.0001). The survival estimates showed a striking difference in median survival between the negative and positive alphanubeta6 expression patients, especially in early stage tumours. Univariate analysis indicated that significant factors for prognosis included alphanubeta6 expression, differentiation, TNM stage, T stage, N stage, M stage and R classification (R0: potentially curative resection; R1: had residual microscopic disease after resection; R2: had residual macroscopic disease after resection), whereas in multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model, only alphanubeta6 expression, M stage, TNM stage and R classification retained significance for prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Positive alphanubeta6 expression in gastric carcinoma is linked to significantly reduced survival times and, even more important, is that its value as a prognostic marker is significant for early stage tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-Y Zhang
- Department of General Surgery of QiLu Hospital Affiliated Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
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20
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Fouchier F, Penel C, Pierre Montero M, Bremond P, Champion S. Integrin αvβ6 mediates HT29-D4 cell adhesion to MMP-processed fibrinogen in the presence of Mn2+. Eur J Cell Biol 2007; 86:143-60. [PMID: 17275949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2006.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mn(2+) was found to induce adhesion of HT29-D4 adenoma carcinoma cells to fibrinogen (Fb). This was independent of the expression of the beta3 integrin subunit and involved endogenous alphavbeta6 but not alphavbeta5 integrin. Thus, addition of Mn(2+) led to a change in integrin alphavbeta6 specificity. Furthermore, Mn(2+) was found to strongly activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway in the HT29-D4 cell line. As a MAPK inhibitor strongly reduced the Mn(2+)-induced cell adhesion to Fb, it is suggested that a link between MAPK activation and cell adhesion to Fb exists. Both expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were enhanced by Mn(2+) and this led to Fb processing. MMP inhibitors prevented Mn(2+)-mediated cell adhesion to Fb, leading us to suggest that Mn(2+) promoted convergent changes in integrin alphavbeta6 conformation and Fb structure through activation of ERK/MAPK and MMP-9. Finally, we found that Mn(2+) and activators of the ERK pathway cooperated in HT29-D4 cell adhesion to Fb. Such a process may be involved in bone metastasis of some cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Fouchier
- Laboratoire de Génie Génétique et Biotechnologie, INSERM 476, INRA 1260, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, F-13385 Marseille cedex 5, France
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21
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Reyes-Reyes ME, George MD, Roberts JD, Akiyama SK. P-selectin activates integrin-mediated colon carcinoma cell adhesion to fibronectin. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:4056-69. [PMID: 17056038 PMCID: PMC1853301 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Revised: 09/05/2006] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
During hematogenous cancer metastasis, tumor cells separate from a primary mass, enter the bloodstream, disperse throughout the body, migrate across vessel walls, and generate distant colonies. The later steps of metastasis superficially resemble leukocyte extravasation, a process initiated by selectin-mediated cell tethering to the blood vessel wall followed by integrin-mediated arrest and transendothelial migration. Some cancer cells express P-selectin ligands and attach to immobilized P-selectin, suggesting that these cells can arrest in blood vessels using sequential selectin- and integrin-mediated adhesion, as do leukocytes. We hypothesize that selectin binding may regulate subsequent integrin-mediated steps in metastasis. Using a model system of cultured Colo 320 human colon adenocarcinoma cells incubated with soluble P-selectin-IgG chimeric protein, we have found that P-selectin can stimulate activation of the alpha(5)beta(1) integrin resulting in a specific increase of adhesion and spreading of these cells on fibronectin substrates. P-selectin binding also induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K). PI3-K inhibitors blocked P-selectin-mediated integrin activation, cell attachment, and cell spreading. Inhibition of p38 MAPK activation blocked cell spreading, but not cell attachment. P-selectin binding also resulted in formation of a signaling complex containing PI3-K and p38 MAPK. These results suggest that P-selectin binding to tumor cells can activate alpha(5)beta(1) integrin via PI3-K and p38 MAPK signaling pathways leading to increased cell adhesion. We propose that P-selectin ligands are important tumor cell signaling molecules that modulate integrin-mediated cell adhesion in the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merit E Reyes-Reyes
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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22
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Morgan MR, Thomas GJ, Russell A, Hart IR, Marshall JF. The Integrin Cytoplasmic-tail Motif EKQKVDLSTDC Is Sufficient to Promote Tumor Cell Invasion Mediated by Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 or MMP-9. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:26533-9. [PMID: 15067014 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m401736200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins promote cellular invasion through a combination of activities, including adhesion to an extracellular matrix ligand, which result in the generation of intracellular signals that lead to changes in cell behavior. Until now, there have been no data that identify a particular region of the cytoplasmic tail of integrin subunits as being responsible specifically for promoting the invasive activity of tumor cells. In this report, we show that amino acids with the sequence EKQKVDLSTDC, which are the C-terminal residues of the integrin beta6 subunit, promote alphavbeta6-dependent invasion in a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9-dependent fashion. This same peptide sequence, when expressed at the cytoplasmic end of the beta3 integrin subunit, was able to enhance alphavbeta3-mediated invasive and enzymatic activity of tumor cells in an MMP-2-dependent fashion. Our results show that these 11 amino acids, when expressed at the C terminus of the beta subunit, are responsible for regulating the activity of invasion-promoting degradative enzymes, whereas the specific MMP involved in this cellular behavior is dependent on the context of the remainder of the beta integrin subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Morgan
- Tumour Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Sq., London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
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Weinreb PH, Simon KJ, Rayhorn P, Yang WJ, Leone DR, Dolinski BM, Pearse BR, Yokota Y, Kawakatsu H, Atakilit A, Sheppard D, Violette SM. Function-blocking integrin alphavbeta6 monoclonal antibodies: distinct ligand-mimetic and nonligand-mimetic classes. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:17875-87. [PMID: 14960589 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m312103200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have generated a panel of potent, selective monoclonal antibodies that bind human and mouse alpha(v)beta(6) integrin with high affinity (up to 15 pm). A subset of these antibodies blocked the binding of alpha(v)beta(6) to the transforming growth factor-beta1 latency-associated peptide with IC(50) values as low as 18 pm, and prevented the subsequent alpha(v)beta(6)-mediated activation of transforming growth factor-beta1. The antibodies also inhibited alpha(v)beta(6) binding to fibronectin. The blocking antibodies form two biochemical classes. One class, exemplified by the ligand-mimetic antibody 6.8G6, bound to the integrin in a divalent cation-dependent manner, contained an RGD motif or a related sequence in CDR3 of the heavy chain, was blocked by RGD-containing peptides, and was internalized by alpha(v)beta(6)-expressing cells. Despite containing an RGD sequence, 6.8G6 was specific for alpha(v)beta(6) and showed no cross-reactivity with the RGD-binding integrins alpha(v)beta(3), alpha(v)beta(8),or alpha(IIb)beta(3). The nonligand-mimetic blocking antibodies, exemplified by 6.3G9, were cation-independent, were not blocked by RGD-containing peptides, were not internalized, and did not contain RGD or related sequences. These two classes of antibody were unable to bind simultaneously to alpha(v)beta(6), suggesting that they may bind overlapping epitopes. The "ligand-mimetic" antibodies are the first to be described for alpha(v)beta(6) and resemble those described for alpha(IIb)beta(3). We also report for the first time the relative abilities of divalent cations to promote alpha(v)beta(6) binding to latency-associated peptide and to the ligand-mimetic antibodies. These antibodies should provide valuable tools to study the ligand-receptor interactions of alpha(v)beta(6) as well as the role of alpha(v)beta(6) in vivo.
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Nejjari M, Hafdi Z, Gouysse G, Fiorentino M, Béatrix O, Dumortier J, Pourreyron C, Barozzi C, D'errico A, Grigioni WF, Scoazec JY. Expression, regulation, and function of alpha V integrins in hepatocellular carcinoma: an in vivo and in vitro study. Hepatology 2002; 36:418-26. [PMID: 12143051 DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2002.34611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The expression of alpha V integrins by neoplastic cells contributes to the promotion of local invasion and metastasis. The most characteristic extracellular ligands of alpha V integrins are vitronectin and fibronectin. Hepatocytes are the main source of vitronectin, and the capacity to synthesize and secrete vitronectin is usually retained in hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to explore the expression, regulation, and functional role of alpha V integrins in hepatocellular carcinoma. We first analyzed the expression of alpha V integrins and their ligands fibronectin and vitronectin in 80 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. alpha V integrin chain was detected in 44 cases and vitronectin in 50. Twenty-four of the 44 alpha V-positive tumors contained large amounts of vitronectin. These cases presented more frequently with adverse histoprognostic factors, including infiltrative growth pattern (62.5%), lack of capsule (71%), presence of capsular invasion (57%), and satellite nodules (50%). We then used HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines as in vitro models to study alpha V integrin regulation and function. HepG2 and Hep3B cells expressed alpha V integrin chain and used alpha V beta 1 and alpha V beta 5 for adhesion and migration on vitronectin. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and transforming growth factor (TGF) beta significantly increased the expression levels of alpha V integrins and stimulated the adhesion and migration of both HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines on vitronectin. The effects of growth factors on cell adhesion and migration were reproduced by incubation with conditioned medium from rat liver myofibroblasts. In conclusion, our results support the existence of an alpha V integrin/vitronectin connection in hepatocellular carcinoma and suggest that this connection may be an adverse prognostic factor.
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25
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Gu X, Niu J, Dorahy DJ, Scott R, Agrez MV. Integrin alpha(v)beta6-associated ERK2 mediates MMP-9 secretion in colon cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2002; 87:348-51. [PMID: 12177807 PMCID: PMC2364215 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2002] [Revised: 05/25/2002] [Accepted: 05/27/2002] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There is general consensus that matrix metalloproteinases are involved in tumour progression. We show herein that inhibition of integrin alpha(v)beta6 expression in colon cancer cells suppresses MMP-9 secretion. This integrin-mediated event is dependent upon direct binding between the beta6 integrin subunit and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2. Targetting either beta6 or its interaction with extracellular signal-regulated kinase in order to inhibit matrix metalloproteinase activity may offer a useful therapeutic approach in preventing growth and spread of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Gu
- Newcastle Bowel Cancer Research Collaborative, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital and The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
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26
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Niu J, Dorahy DJ, Gu X, Scott RJ, Draganic B, Ahmed N, Agrez MV. Integrin expression in colon cancer cells is regulated by the cytoplasmic domain of the beta6 integrin subunit. Int J Cancer 2002; 99:529-37. [PMID: 11992542 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.10397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the alphavbeta6 integrin upregulates its own expression in a protein kinase C-dependent manner with increasing cell density. The wild-type beta6 integrin subunit has also been shown to promote tumour growth in vivo and its growth-enhancing effect is regulated by both a MAP kinase binding motif on beta6 and the 11 amino acid C-terminal cytoplasmic extension unique to the beta6 subunit. Herein, we show that the 11 amino acid cytoplasmic extension is essential for the cell density-dependent increase in beta6 expression and that the 11 amino acid tail exerts a dominant negative effect on cell density- and PKC-mediated beta5 expression in alphavbeta6-expressing colon cancer cells. Cells that express beta6 lacking the 11 amino acid tail respond to PKC simulation with increased expression of only the beta5 subunit as seen for cells that lack constitutive alphavbeta6 expression. In contrast, loss of the ERK binding site on beta6 markedly impairs cell density- and PKC-dependent expression of either beta6 or beta5 in the presence or absence of the 11 amino acid tail, respectively. Our findings suggest that in alphavbeta6-expressing cells, a hierarchy of kinase signalling cascades exists and that the beta6-ERK2 interaction dominates over PKC-mediated signalling pathways responsible for integrin upregulation with cell confluence. Given the dominance of the beta6-ERK2 interaction over PKC-mediated expression of both beta5 and beta6 integrin subunits, targeting the beta6-ERK2 interaction may prove useful as an anticancer strategy in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Niu
- Newcastle Bowel Cancer Research Collaborative, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2310, Australia
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27
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Thomas GJ, Speight PM. Cell adhesion molecules and oral cancer. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ORAL BIOLOGISTS 2002; 12:479-98. [PMID: 11806518 DOI: 10.1177/10454411010120060301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are found on the surfaces of all cells, where they bind to extracellular matrix molecules or to receptors on other cells. As well as having a structural role, CAMs function as signaling receptors, transducing signals initiated by cellular interactions which regulate many diverse processes, including cell division, migration, and differentiation. Cell adhesion molecules are essential for maintaining stable tissue structure. However, cell adhesion must be dynamic to facilitate the mobility and turnover of cells. In dynamic situations, cells alter their cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions by virtue of altered expression and function of CAMs. The expression of CAMs is normally tightly regulated, thereby controlling cell proliferation, mobility, differentiation, and survival. Many of these processes are misregulated in malignant tumors, and it has been shown that many of the characteristics of tumor cells are attributable to the aberrant expression or function of CAMs. Integrins and E-cadherin are the most important CAMs expressed by stratified squamous epithelium. Altered expression of these molecules has been found in oral carcinoma, where loss of CAM expression is often seen in poorly differentiated lesions. However, up-regulation of certain integrins, such as alphavbeta6, has consistently been found in oral cancer, suggesting that it may play an active role in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Thomas
- Department of Oral Pathology, Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Health Care Sciences, University College London, UK
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28
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Ahmed N, Niu J, Dorahy DJ, Gu X, Andrews S, Meldrum CJ, Scott RJ, Baker MS, Macreadie IG, Agrez MV. Direct integrin alphavbeta6-ERK binding: implications for tumour growth. Oncogene 2002; 21:1370-80. [PMID: 11857080 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2001] [Revised: 01/07/2002] [Accepted: 01/07/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway suppresses growth of colon cancer in vivo. Here we demonstrate a direct link between the extracellular signal-regulated kinase ERK2 and the growth-promoting cell adhesion molecule, integrin alphavbeta6, in colon cancer cells. Down-regulation of beta6 integrin subunit expression inhibits tumour growth in vivo and MAP kinase activity in response to serum stimulation. In alphavbeta6-expressing cells ERK2 is bound only to the beta6 subunit. The increase in cytosolic MAP kinase activity upon epidermal growth factor stimulation is all accounted for by beta6-bound ERK. Deletion of the ERK2 binding site on the beta6 cytoplasmic domain inhibits tumour growth and leads to an association between ERK and the beta5 subunit. The physical interaction between integrin alphavbeta6 and ERK2 defines a novel paradigm of integrin-mediated signalling and provides a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzhat Ahmed
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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29
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Thomas GJ, Lewis MP, Whawell SA, Russell A, Sheppard D, Hart IR, Speight PM, Marshall JF. Expression of the alphavbeta6 integrin promotes migration and invasion in squamous carcinoma cells. J Invest Dermatol 2001; 117:67-73. [PMID: 11442751 DOI: 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The integrin alphavbeta6 is a fibronectin receptor whose expression is not detectable on normal oral epithelium but is increased significantly in healing and in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting it may promote changes associated with tumor development. To study whether alphavbeta6 may drive invasive behavior we have used transfection and retroviral infection to create a panel of epithelial cell lines expressing various levels of alphavbeta6. We report that increased expression of alphavbeta6 in malignant keratinocytes promotes invasion and leads to an increased capacity for migration towards fibronectin. alphavbeta6 expression may have a significant role in contributing to the malignant behavior of epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Thomas
- Department of Oral Pathology, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, UK
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30
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Thomas GJ, Poomsawat S, Lewis MP, Hart IR, Speight PM, Marshall JF. alpha v beta 6 Integrin upregulates matrix metalloproteinase 9 and promotes migration of normal oral keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2001; 116:898-904. [PMID: 11407978 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2001.01352.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The integrin alpha v beta 6 is a fibronectin receptor that is undetectable on normal keratinocytes in situ, but is increased significantly in wound healing and in culture-established keratinocytes, suggesting that it may promote changes associated with cell motility. Using normal human oral keratinocytes we have shown that cultured cells express relatively high levels of alpha v beta 6 and this integrin has a functional role in both cell adhesion and migration towards fibronectin. We provide experimental evidence that the increased expression of alpha v beta 6 by normal human oral keratinocytes results in coordinate changes, which promote a more migratory phenotype. Thus increased expression of alpha v beta 6 results in a fibronectin-dependent increase in pro-matrix metalloproteinase 9, matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity increases normal human oral keratinocyte migration, and this may be further dependent on plasmin activation. The results suggest a key role for alpha v beta 6 in these processes and indicate a coordinated link between alpha v beta 6 expression and upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9. It appears that alpha v beta 6 may function in normal human oral keratinocyte migration through matrix-metalloproteinase-9-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Thomas
- Department of Oral Pathology, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, UK
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31
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Niu J, Gu X, Ahmed N, Andrews S, Turton J, Bates R, Agrez M. The alphaVbeta6 integrin regulates its own expression with cell crowding: implications for tumour progression. Int J Cancer 2001; 92:40-8. [PMID: 11279604 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(200102)9999:9999<::aid-ijc1157>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the growth-promoting integrin alphavbeta6 in colon cancer cells induces gelatinase B secretion and activation, the inhibition of which abolishes alphavbeta6-mediated tumour cell growth within a collagen matrix. Herein, we show that high cell density selectively enhances alphavbeta6 expression in a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent manner in preference to other beta integrin subunits, resulting in a marked increase in gelatinase B secretion as cells reach confluence. Moreover, PKC activity increases with cell confluence, and the rise in PKC activity is much greater for alphavbeta6-expressing cells than for colon cancer cells which lack alphavbeta6. We propose a self-perpetuating system of colon cancer progression in which the integrin alphavbeta6 provides a means of sustaining tumour cell proliferation. In this model, alphavbeta6 regulates its own expression via a PKC-mediated signalling pathway as tumour cells become crowded and quiescent. The alphavbeta6-mediated induction of gelatinase B secretion facilitates peri-cellular matrix degradation, which helps overcome crowding and restores cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Niu
- Discipline of Surgical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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32
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Hamidi S, Salo T, Kainulainen T, Epstein J, Lerner K, Larjava H. Expression of alpha(v)beta6 integrin in oral leukoplakia. Br J Cancer 2000; 82:1433-40. [PMID: 10780523 PMCID: PMC2363375 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.1999.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution of alpha(v)beta6 integrin was examined in oral leukoplakia, lichen planus and squamous cell carcinomas using immunohistochemistry. Controls included oral mucosal wounds, chronically inflamed and normal oral mucosa. Integrins beta1, beta3, beta4, beta5, fibronectin and tenascin were also studied. The integrin alpha(v)beta6 was highly expressed throughout the whole lesion of 90% of the squamous cell carcinomas but was not present in any of the normal specimens. alpha(v)beta6 integrin was also expressed in 41% of the leukoplakia specimens, and 85% of the lichen planus samples, but in none of the tissues with inflammatory hyperplasia or chronic inflammation. The expression of beta1 integrins was localized in the basal layer, and that of the beta4 at the cell surface facing the basement membrane of all specimens. The integrins beta3 and beta5 were absent from all normal and leukoplakia specimens. Fibronectin and tenascin were present in the connective tissue underneath the epithelium of all the sections, and their expression was similar in both alpha(v)beta6-positive and alpha(v)beta6-negative tissues. A group of 28 leukoplakia patients were followed 1-4 years after first diagnosis. In this group, initially alpha(v)beta6 integrin-positive leukoplakia specimens had high tendency for disease progression while alpha(v)beta6-negative specimens did not progress. These results suggest that the expression of alpha(v)beta6 integrin could be associated in the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakias.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hamidi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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33
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Ko K, Yazumi S, Yoshikawa K, Konda Y, Nakajima M, Chiba T, Takahashi R. Activation of fibroblast-derived matrix metalloproteinase-2 by colon-cancer cells in non-contact co-cultures. Int J Cancer 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20000715)87:2<165::aid-ijc2>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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34
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Niu J, Gu X, Turton J, Meldrum C, Howard EW, Agrez M. Integrin-mediated signalling of gelatinase B secretion in colon cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 249:287-91. [PMID: 9705874 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The progression of colon cancer has been linked to both cell adhesion molecules called integrins and matrix-degrading enzymes called metalloproteinases. Herein we report that the alpha v beta 6 integrin expressed in colon cancer cells induces gelatinase B secretion through the C-terminal cytoplasmic extension unique to the beta 6 integrin subunit, and that this ligand-independent event involves activation of the protein-kinase-C pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Niu
- Discipline of Surgical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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35
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Meyer T, Marshall JF, Hart IR. Expression of alphav integrins and vitronectin receptor identity in breast cancer cells. Br J Cancer 1998; 77:530-6. [PMID: 9484807 PMCID: PMC2149929 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1998.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study we have used fluorocytometry and immunoprecipitation to characterize the expression of alphav-containing integrins in a panel of eight human breast cancer cell lines and one normal human mammary epithelial line. We show that the classical vitronectin receptor alphavbeta3 is expressed in only one cell line (MDA-MB-231), whereas alphavbeta5 is expressed on all breast cancer cell lines and alphavbeta1 is expressed on the majority. Using adherence assays to purified ligands in the presence and absence of function-blocking monoclonal antibodies, we have demonstrated that alphavbeta5 mediates adhesion to vitronectin in the majority of these cells. In one cell line, ZR75-1, alphavbeta1 contributes significantly to adhesion to immobilized vitronectin. The formation of focal adhesions containing the alphav and beta1 subunits on vitronectin is also demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Meyer
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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36
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Abstract
There is a general consensus that cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions determine, at least in part, the behaviour of colon cancer. The biological mediators responsible for these interactions are cell adhesion molecules belonging to several major receptor families called integrins, cadherins, the immunoglobulin superfamily, hyaluronate receptors and mucins. Emerging data indicate that certain patterns of adhesion receptor expression are associated with more aggressive disease. The present review examines the role of each of the receptor families in the development and progression of large bowel cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Agrez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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