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Asano S, Kurosaki C, Mori Y, Shigemi R. Quantitative prediction of transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions using the mechanistic static pharmacokinetic (MSPK) model. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2024; 54:100531. [PMID: 38064927 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2023.100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Guidance/guidelines on drug-drug interactions (DDIs) have been issued in Japan, the United States, and Europe. These guidance/guidelines provide decision trees for conducting metabolizing enzyme-mediated clinical DDI studies; however, the decision trees for transporter-mediated DDIs lack quantitative prediction methods. In this study, the accuracy of a net-effect mechanistic static pharmacokinetics (MSPK) model containing the fraction transported (ft) of transporters was examined to predict transporter-mediated DDIs. This study collected information on 25 oral drugs with new active reagents that were used in clinical DDI studies as perpetrators (42 cases) from drugs approved in Japan between April 2016 and June 2020. The AUCRs (AUC ratios with and without perpetrators) of victim drugs were predicted using the net-effect MSPK model. As a result, 83 and 95% of the predicted AUCRs were within 1.5- and 2-fold error in the observed AUCRs, respectively. In cases where the victims were statins in which pharmacokinetics several transporters are involved, 70 and 91% of the predicted AUCRs were within 1.5- and 2-fold errors, respectively. Therefore, the net-effect MSPK model was applicable for predicting the AUCRs of victims, which are substrates for multiple transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Asano
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, Nihonbashi Life Science Bldg, 2-3-11 Nihonbashi-honcho, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan; Teijin Pharma Limited, Toxicology & DMPK Development Research Group, 4-3-2, Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo, 191-8512, Japan.
| | - Chie Kurosaki
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, Nihonbashi Life Science Bldg, 2-3-11 Nihonbashi-honcho, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan; FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd, ADME-Tox Group, Bioanalytical Sciences Research Department, Toyama Research and Development Center, 4-1, Shimo-Okui 2-chome, Toyama-shi, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuko Mori
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, Nihonbashi Life Science Bldg, 2-3-11 Nihonbashi-honcho, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan; Pfizer R&D Japan, Clinical Pharmacology and Bioanalytics, Shinjuku Bunka Quint Bldg., 3-22-7, Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Shigemi
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, Nihonbashi Life Science Bldg, 2-3-11 Nihonbashi-honcho, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan; Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd, Preclinical Development, Breeze Tower, 2-4-9, Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Taskar KS, Yang X, Neuhoff S, Patel M, Yoshida K, Paine MF, Brouwer KL, Chu X, Sugiyama Y, Cook J, Polli JW, Hanna I, Lai Y, Zamek-Gliszczynski M. Clinical Relevance of Hepatic and Renal P-gp/BCRP Inhibition of Drugs: An International Transporter Consortium Perspective. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 112:573-592. [PMID: 35612761 PMCID: PMC9436425 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and limiting drug absorption as well as restricting the brain penetration of drugs with certain physicochemical properties is well known. P-gp/BCRP inhibition by drugs in the gut has been reported to increase the systemic exposure to substrate drugs. A previous International Transporter Consortium (ITC) perspective discussed the feasibility of P-gp/BCRP inhibition at the blood-brain barrier and its implications. This ITC perspective elaborates and discusses specifically the hepatic and renal P-gp/BCRP (referred as systemic) inhibition of drugs and whether there is any consequence for substrate drug disposition. This perspective summarizes the clinical evidence-based recommendations regarding systemic P-gp and BCRP inhibition of drugs with a focus on biliary and active renal excretion pathways. Approaches to assess the clinical relevance of systemic P-gp and BCRP inhibition in the liver and kidneys included (i) curation of DDIs involving intravenously administered substrates or inhibitors; (ii) in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation of P-gp-mediated DDIs at the systemic level; and (iii) curation of drugs with information available about the contribution of biliary excretion and related DDIs. Based on the totality of evidence reported to date, this perspective supports limited clinical DDI risk upon P-gp or BCRP inhibition in the liver or kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal S. Taskar
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Xinning Yang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Sibylle Neuhoff
- Certara UK Ltd, Simcyp Division, 1 Concourse Way, Level 2-Acero, Sheffield, S1 2BJ, UK
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kenta Yoshida
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech Early Research and Development, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mary F. Paine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Kim L.R. Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Xiaoyan Chu
- Department of ADME and Discovery Toxicology, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033 USA
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Quantitative System PK/Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmacy, Kioicho campus, Josai International University, Tokyo 102-0093, Japan
| | - Jack Cook
- Clinical Pharmacology, Global Product Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joseph W. Polli
- Global Medical Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park NC USA
| | - Imad Hanna
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences-Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, East Hanover, NJ
| | - Yurong Lai
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc. Foster City, CA USA
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Shinya S, Kawai K, Tarui A, Karuo Y, Sato K, Matsuda M, Kitatani K, Kobayashi N, Nabe T, Otsuka M, Omote M. Importance of the Azole Moiety of Cimetidine Derivatives for the Inhibition of Human Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion Transporter 1 (hMATE1). Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:905-912. [PMID: 34470955 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of cimetidine analogs, as well as their inhibitory activity toward the human multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 1 (hMATE1), which is related to nephrotoxicity of drugs. Cimetidine is the histamine H2-receptor antagonist, but also inhibits hMATE1, which is known to cause renal impairment. We designed and synthesized cimetidine analogs to evaluate hMATE1 inhibitory activity to reveal whether the analogs could reduce the inhibition of hMATE1. The results showed that all analogs with an unsubstituted guanidino group exhibited hMATE1 inhibitory activity. On the other hand, there was a clear difference in the hMATE1 inhibitory activity for the other compounds. That is, compounds with a methylimidazole ring exhibited hMATE1 inhibition, while compounds with a phenyl ring did not. The results suggest that the ability to form hydrogen bonds at the azole moiety is strongly involved in the hMATE1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Shinya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University
| | - Kentaro Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University
| | - Atsushi Tarui
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University
| | - Yukiko Karuo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University
| | - Kazuyuki Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University
| | | | | | | | - Takeshi Nabe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University
| | - Masato Otsuka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University
| | - Masaaki Omote
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University
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4
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Silva V, Gil-Martins E, Silva B, Rocha-Pereira C, Sousa ME, Remião F, Silva R. Xanthones as P-glycoprotein modulators and their impact on drug bioavailability. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:441-482. [PMID: 33283552 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1861247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an important efflux pump responsible for the extruding of many endogenous and exogenous substances out of the cells. P-gp can be modulated by different molecules - including xanthone derivatives - to surpass the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomenon through P-gp inhibition, or to serve as an antidotal strategy in intoxication scenarios through P-gp induction/activation.Areas covered: This review provides a perspective on P-gp modulators, with particular focus on xanthonic derivatives, highlighting their ability to modulate P-gp expression and/or activity, and the potential impact of these effects on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicity of P-gp substrates.Expert opinion: Xanthones, of natural or synthetic origin, are able to modulate P-gp, interfering with its protein synthesis or with its mechanism of action, by decreasing or increasing its efflux capacity. These modulatory effects make the xanthonic scaffold a promising source of new derivatives with therapeutic potential. However, the mechanisms beyond the xanthones-mediated P-gp modulation and the chemical characteristics that make them more potent P-gp inhibitors or inducers/activators are still understudied. Furthermore, a new window of opportunity exists in the neuropathologies field, where xanthonic derivatives with potential to modulate P-gp should be further explored to optimize the prevention/treatment of brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eva Gil-Martins
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Rocha-Pereira
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Emília Sousa
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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5
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Zhou S, Zeng S, Shu Y. Drug-Drug Interactions at Organic Cation Transporter 1. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:628705. [PMID: 33679412 PMCID: PMC7925875 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.628705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between drugs and various transporters is one of the decisive factors that affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. The organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) is a member of the Solute Carrier 22A (SLC22A) family that plays a vital role in the membrane transport of organic cations including endogenous substances and xenobiotics. This article mainly discusses the drug-drug interactions (DDIs) mediated by OCT1 and their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Sujuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
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6
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Doerfler H, Botesteanu DA, Blech S, Laux R. Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis Combined With Multivariate Statistics Reveal Distinct Metabolic Changes in GPR40 Agonist-Treated Animals Related to Bile Acid Metabolism. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:598369. [PMID: 33521051 PMCID: PMC7843463 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.598369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics has been increasingly applied to biomarker discovery, as untargeted metabolic profiling represents a powerful exploratory tool for identifying causal links between biomarkers and disease phenotypes. In the present work, we used untargeted metabolomics to investigate plasma specimens of rats, dogs, and mice treated with small-molecule drugs designed for improved glycemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients via activation of GPR40. The in vivo pharmacology of GPR40 is not yet fully understood. Compounds targeting this receptor have been found to induce drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Metabolomic analysis facilitating an integrated UPLC-TWIMS-HRMS platform was used to detect metabolic differences between treated and non-treated animals within two 4-week toxicity studies in rat and dog, and one 2-week toxicity study in mouse. Multivariate statistics of untargeted metabolomics data subsequently revealed the presence of several significantly upregulated endogenous compounds in the treated animals whose plasma level is known to be affected during DILI. A specific bile acid metabolite useful as endogenous probe for drug-drug interaction studies was identified (chenodeoxycholic acid-24 glucuronide), as well as a metabolic precursor indicative of acidic bile acid biosynthesis (7α-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoic acid). These results correlate with typical liver toxicity parameters on the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Doerfler
- Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Dana-Adriana Botesteanu
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Blech
- Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Ralf Laux
- Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
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7
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Lavan M, Knipp G. Considerations for Determining Direct Versus Indirect Functional Effects of Solubilizing Excipients on Drug Transporters for Enhancing Bioavailability. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1833-1845. [PMID: 32142715 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Excipients used in drug formulations at clinically safe levels have been considered to be pharmacologically inert; however, numerous studies have suggested that many solubilizing agents may modulate drug transporter activities and intestinal absorption. Here, the reported interactions between various solubilizing excipients and drug transporters are evaluated to consider various potential underlying mechanisms. This forms the basis for debate in the field in regard to whether or not the effects are based on "direct" interactions or "indirect" consequences arising from the role of the excipients. For example, an increase in apparent drug solubility can give rise to saturation of transporters according to Michaelis-Menten kinetics. This is also drawing the attention of regulatory agencies as they seek to understand the role of formulation additives. The continued application of excipients as a tool in solubility enhancement is crucial in the drug development process, creating a need for additional data to verify the proposed mechanism behind these changes. A literature review is provided here with some guidance on other factors that should be considered to delineate the effects that arise from direct physiological interactions or indirect effects. The results of such studies may aid the rational design of bioavailability-enhancing formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lavan
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Gregory Knipp
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.
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8
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Yang H, Tang J, Guo D, Zhao Q, Wen J, Zhang Y, Obianom ON, Zhou S, Zhang W, Shu Y. Cadmium exposure enhances organic cation transporter 2 trafficking to the kidney membrane and exacerbates cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Kidney Int 2019; 97:765-777. [PMID: 32061436 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Renal accumulation and exposure of cadmium originating from pollution in agricultural land and the prevalence of cigarette smoking remains an unneglectable human health concern. Whereas cadmium exposure has been correlated with increased incidence of a variety of kidney diseases, little is known pertaining to its effect on renal drug disposition and response in patients. Here, we report that cadmium exposure significantly increased the activity of organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), a critical renal drug transporter recommended in United States Federal Drug Administration guidance for assessment during drug development. Cadmium enhanced OCT2 trafficking to the cell membrane both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically cadmium-mediated OCT2 translocation was found to involve protein-protein interaction between serine/threonine-protein kinase AKT2, calcium/calmodulin and the AKT substrate AS160 in in vitro cellular studies. The formed protein complex could selectively facilitate phosphorylation of AKT2 at T309, which induced translocation of OCT2 to the plasma membrane. Moreover, cadmium exposure markedly exacerbated nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin, an OCT2 substrate, by increasing its accumulation in the mouse kidney. Consistently, there was a significant correlation between plasma cadmium level and alteration of renal function in cervical cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy with cisplatin. Thus, our studies suggest that membrane transporter distribution induced by cadmium exposure is a previously unrecognized factor for the broad variation in renal drug disposition and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Jiagen Wen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Yanjuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Obinna N Obianom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shiwei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Pan G. Roles of Hepatic Drug Transporters in Drug Disposition and Liver Toxicity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1141:293-340. [PMID: 31571168 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7647-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic drug transporters are mainly distributed in parenchymal liver cells (hepatocytes), contributing to drug's liver disposition and elimination. According to their functions, hepatic transporters can be roughly divided into influx and efflux transporters, translocating specific molecules from blood into hepatic cytosol and mediating the excretion of drugs and metabolites from hepatic cytosol to blood or bile, respectively. The function of hepatic transport systems can be affected by interspecies differences and inter-individual variability (polymorphism). In addition, some drugs and disease can redistribute transporters from the cell surface to the intracellular compartments, leading to the changes in the expression and function of transporters. Hepatic drug transporters have been associated with the hepatic toxicity of drugs. Gene polymorphism of transporters and altered transporter expressions and functions due to diseases are found to be susceptible factors for drug-induced liver injury (DILI). In this chapter, the localization of hepatic drug transporters, their regulatory factors, physiological roles, and their roles in drug's liver disposition and DILI are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Ceckova M, Reznicek J, Deutsch B, Fromm MF, Staud F. Efavirenz reduces renal excretion of lamivudine in rats by inhibiting organic cation transporters (OCT, Oct) and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATE, Mate). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202706. [PMID: 30114293 PMCID: PMC6095608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Efavirenz (EFV) is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in first-line combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). It is usually administered with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), many of which are substrates of OCT uptake solute carriers (SLC22A) and MATE (SLC47A), P-gp (MDR1, ABCB1), BCRP (ABCG2), or MRP2 (ABCC2) efflux transporters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory potential of efavirenz towards these transporters and investigate its effects on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of a known Oct/Mate substrate, lamivudine, in rats. Accumulation and transport assays showed that efavirenz inhibits the uptake of metformin by OCT1-, OCT2- and MATE1-expressing MDCK cells and reduces transcellular transport of lamivudine across OCT1/OCT2- and MATE1-expressing MDCK monolayers. Only negligible inhibition of MATE2-K was observed in HEK-MATE2-K cells. Efavirenz also reduced the efflux of calcein from MDCK-MRP2 cells, but had a rather weak inhibitory effect on Hoechst 33342 accumulation in MDCK-MDR1 and MDCK-BCRP cells. An in vivo pharmacokinetic interaction study in male Wistar rats revealed that intravenous injection of efavirenz or the control Oct/Mate inhibitor cimetidine significantly reduced the recovery of lamivudine in urine and greatly increased lamivudine retention in the renal tissue. Co-administration with efavirenz or cimetidine also increased the AUC0-∞ value and reduced total body clearance of lamivudine. These data suggest that efavirenz is a potent inhibitor of OCT/Oct and MATE/Mate transporters. Consequently, it can engage in drug-drug interactions that reduce renal excretion of co-administered substrates and enhance their retention in the kidneys, potentially compromising therapeutic safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ceckova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Reznicek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Birgit Deutsch
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin F. Fromm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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11
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In Vitro Assessment of the Effect of Antiepileptic Drugs on Expression and Function of ABC Transporters and Their Interactions with ABCC2. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101484. [PMID: 28961159 PMCID: PMC6151573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
ABC transporters have a significant role in drug disposition and response and various studies have implicated their involvement in epilepsy pharmacoresistance. Since genetic studies till now are inconclusive, we thought of investigating the role of xenobiotics as transcriptional modulators of ABC transporters. Here, we investigated the effect of six antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) viz. phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate, lamotrigine, topiramate and levetiracetam, on the expression and function of ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2 and ABCG2 in Caco2 and HepG2 cell lines through real time PCR, western blot and functional activity assays. Further, the interaction of AEDs with maximally induced ABCC2 was studied. Carbamazepine caused a significant induction in expression of ABCB1 and ABCC2 in HepG2 and Caco2 cells, both at the transcript and protein level, together with increased functional activity. Valproate caused a significant increase in the expression and functional activity of ABCB1 in HepG2 only. No significant effect of phenytoin, lamotrigine, topiramate and levetiracetam on the transporters under study was observed in either of the cell lines. We demonstrated the interaction of carbamazepine and valproate with ABCC2 with ATPase and 5,6-carboxyfluorescein inhibition assays. Thus, altered functionality of ABCB1 and ABCC2 can affect the disposition and bioavailability of administered drugs, interfering with AED therapy.
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12
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Reznicek J, Ceckova M, Ptackova Z, Martinec O, Tupova L, Cerveny L, Staud F. MDR1 and BCRP Transporter-Mediated Drug-Drug Interaction between Rilpivirine and Abacavir and Effect on Intestinal Absorption. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e00837-17. [PMID: 28696229 PMCID: PMC5571350 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00837-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rilpivirine (TMC278) is a highly potent nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) representing an effective component of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in the treatment of HIV-positive patients. Many antiretroviral drugs commonly used in cART are substrates of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and/or solute carrier (SLC) drug transporters and, therefore, are prone to pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions (DDIs). The aim of our study was to evaluate rilpivirine interactions with abacavir and lamivudine on selected ABC and SLC transporters in vitro and assess its importance for pharmacokinetics in vivo Using accumulation assays in MDCK cells overexpressing selected ABC or SLC drug transporters, we revealed rilpivirine as a potent inhibitor of MDR1 and BCRP, but not MRP2, OCT1, OCT2, or MATE1. Subsequent transport experiments across monolayers of MDCKII-MDR1, MDCKII-BCRP, and Caco-2 cells demonstrated that rilpivirine inhibits MDR1- and BCRP-mediated efflux of abacavir and increases its transmembrane transport. In vivo experiments in male Wistar rats confirmed inhibition of MDR1/BCRP in the small intestine, leading to a significant increase in oral bioavailability of abacavir. In conclusion, rilpivirine inhibits MDR1 and BCRP transporters and may affect pharmacokinetic behavior of concomitantly administered substrates of these transporters, such as abacavir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Reznicek
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Ceckova
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Ptackova
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Martinec
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Tupova
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Cerveny
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Marie S, Cisternino S, Buvat I, Declèves X, Tournier N. Imaging Probes and Modalities for the Study of Solute Carrier O (SLCO)-Transport Function In Vivo. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2335-2344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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14
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Patel M, Taskar KS, Zamek-Gliszczynski MJ. Importance of Hepatic Transporters in Clinical Disposition of Drugs and Their Metabolites. J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 56 Suppl 7:S23-39. [PMID: 27385177 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a practical clinical perspective on the relevance of hepatic transporters in pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Special emphasis is placed on transporters with clear relevance to clinical DDIs, efficacy, and safety. Basolateral OATP1B1 and 1B3 emerged as important hepatic drug uptake pathways, sites for systemic DDIs, and sources of pharmacogenetic variability. As the first step in hepatic drug removal from the circulation, OATPs are an important determinant of systemic pharmacokinetics, specifically influencing systemic absorption, clearance, and hepatic distribution for subsequent metabolism and/or excretion. Biliary excretion of parent drugs is a less prevalent clearance pathway than metabolism or urinary excretion, but BCRP and MRP2 are critically important to biliary/fecal elimination of drug metabolites. Inhibition of biliary excretion is typically not apparent at the level of systemic pharmacokinetics but can markedly increase liver exposure. Basolateral efflux transporters MRP3 and MRP4 mediate excretion of parent drugs and, more commonly, polar metabolites from hepatocytes into blood. Basolateral excretion is an area in need of further clinical investigation, which will necessitate studies more complex than just systemic pharmacokinetics. Clinical relevance of hepatic uptake is relatively well appreciated, and clinical consequences of hepatic excretion (biliary and basolateral) modulation remain an active research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Patel
- Mechanistic Safety and Disposition, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Kunal S Taskar
- Mechanistic Safety and Disposition, GlaxoSmithKline, Ware, Hertfordshire, UK
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15
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Pan Y, Hsu V, Grimstein M, Zhang L, Arya V, Sinha V, Grillo JA, Zhao P. The Application of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Predict the Role of Drug Transporters: Scientific and Regulatory Perspectives. J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 56 Suppl 7:S122-31. [PMID: 27385170 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Transporters play an important role in drug absorption, disposition, and drug action. The evaluation of drug transporters requires a comprehensive understanding of transporter biology and pharmacology. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models may offer an integrative platform to quantitatively evaluate the role of drug transporters and its interplay with other drug disposition processes such as passive drug diffusion and elimination by metabolizing enzymes. To date, PBPK modeling and simulations integrating drug transporters lag behind that for drug-metabolizing enzymes. In addition, predictive performance of PBPK has not been well established for predicting the role of drug transporters in the pharmacokinetics of a drug. To enhance overall predictive performance of transporter-based PBPK models, it is necessary to have a detailed understanding of transporter biology for proper representation in the models and to have a quantitative understanding of the contribution of transporters in the absorption and metabolism of a drug. This article summarizes PBPK-based submissions evaluating the role of drug transporters to the Office of Clinical Pharmacology of the US Food and Drug Administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhuo Pan
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Current affiliation: Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Vicky Hsu
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Manuela Grimstein
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Vikram Arya
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Vikram Sinha
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Joseph A Grillo
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ping Zhao
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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16
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Grewal GK, Singh KD, Kanojia N, Rawat C, Kukal S, Jajodia A, Singhal A, Misra R, Nagamani S, Muthusamy K, Kukreti R. Exploring the Carbamazepine Interaction with Human Pregnane X Receptor and Effect on ABCC2 Using in Vitro and in Silico Approach. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1444-1458. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Gilibili RR, Chatterjee S, Bagul P, Mosure KW, Murali BV, Mariappan TT, Mandlekar S, Lai Y. Coproporphyrin-I: A Fluorescent, Endogenous Optimal Probe Substrate for ABCC2 (MRP2) Suitable for Vesicle-Based MRP2 Inhibition Assay. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:604-611. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.074740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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18
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Burbank MG, Burban A, Sharanek A, Weaver RJ, Guguen-Guillouzo C, Guillouzo A. Early Alterations of Bile Canaliculi Dynamics and the Rho Kinase/Myosin Light Chain Kinase Pathway Are Characteristics of Drug-Induced Intrahepatic Cholestasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:1780-1793. [PMID: 27538918 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.071373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis represents 20%-40% of drug-induced injuries from which a large proportion remains unpredictable. We aimed to investigate mechanisms underlying drug-induced cholestasis and improve its early detection using human HepaRG cells and a set of 12 cholestatic drugs and six noncholestatic drugs. In this study, we analyzed bile canaliculi dynamics, Rho kinase (ROCK)/myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) pathway implication, efflux inhibition of taurocholate [a predominant bile salt export pump (BSEP) substrate], and expression of the major canalicular and basolateral bile acid transporters. We demonstrated that 12 cholestatic drugs classified on the basis of reported clinical findings caused disturbances of both bile canaliculi dynamics, characterized by either dilatation or constriction, and alteration of the ROCK/MLCK signaling pathway, whereas noncholestatic compounds, by contrast, had no effect. Cotreatment with ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 [4-(1-aminoethyl)-N-(4-pyridyl) cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride] and MLCK activator calmodulin reduced bile canaliculi constriction and dilatation, respectively, confirming the role of these pathways in drug-induced intrahepatic cholestasis. By contrast, inhibition of taurocholate efflux and/or human BSEP overexpressed in membrane vesicles was not observed with all cholestatic drugs; moreover, examples of noncholestatic compounds were reportedly found to inhibit BSEP. Transcripts levels of major bile acid transporters were determined after 24-hour treatment. BSEP, Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, and organic anion transporting polypeptide B were downregulated with most cholestatic and some noncholestatic drugs, whereas deregulation of multidrug resistance-associated proteins was more variable, probably mainly reflecting secondary effects. Together, our results show that cholestatic drugs consistently cause an early alteration of bile canaliculi dynamics associated with modulation of ROCK/MLCK and these changes are more specific than efflux inhibition measurements alone as predictive nonclinical markers of drug-induced cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Burbank
- INSERM UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (M.G.B., A.B., A.S., C.G.-G., A.G.); Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (M.G.B., A.B., A.S., C.G.-G., A.G.); Biologie Servier, Gidy, France (M.G.B.); Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (R.J.W.); and Biopredic International, St. Grégoire, Rennes, France (C.G.-G.)
| | - Audrey Burban
- INSERM UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (M.G.B., A.B., A.S., C.G.-G., A.G.); Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (M.G.B., A.B., A.S., C.G.-G., A.G.); Biologie Servier, Gidy, France (M.G.B.); Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (R.J.W.); and Biopredic International, St. Grégoire, Rennes, France (C.G.-G.)
| | - Ahmad Sharanek
- INSERM UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (M.G.B., A.B., A.S., C.G.-G., A.G.); Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (M.G.B., A.B., A.S., C.G.-G., A.G.); Biologie Servier, Gidy, France (M.G.B.); Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (R.J.W.); and Biopredic International, St. Grégoire, Rennes, France (C.G.-G.)
| | - Richard J Weaver
- INSERM UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (M.G.B., A.B., A.S., C.G.-G., A.G.); Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (M.G.B., A.B., A.S., C.G.-G., A.G.); Biologie Servier, Gidy, France (M.G.B.); Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (R.J.W.); and Biopredic International, St. Grégoire, Rennes, France (C.G.-G.)
| | - Christiane Guguen-Guillouzo
- INSERM UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (M.G.B., A.B., A.S., C.G.-G., A.G.); Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (M.G.B., A.B., A.S., C.G.-G., A.G.); Biologie Servier, Gidy, France (M.G.B.); Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (R.J.W.); and Biopredic International, St. Grégoire, Rennes, France (C.G.-G.)
| | - André Guillouzo
- INSERM UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (M.G.B., A.B., A.S., C.G.-G., A.G.); Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France (M.G.B., A.B., A.S., C.G.-G., A.G.); Biologie Servier, Gidy, France (M.G.B.); Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (R.J.W.); and Biopredic International, St. Grégoire, Rennes, France (C.G.-G.)
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19
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Liu H, Sahi J. Role of Hepatic Drug Transporters in Drug Development. J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 56 Suppl 7:S11-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Houfu Liu
- Mechanistic Safety and Disposition, Platform Technology and Science; GlaxoSmithKline R&D; Shanghai China
| | - Jasminder Sahi
- Projects, Standards & Innovation; Asia Pacific DSAR, Sanofi; Shanghai China
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20
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Reznicek J, Ceckova M, Cerveny L, Müller F, Staud F. Emtricitabine is a substrate of MATE1 but not of OCT1, OCT2, P-gp, BCRP or MRP2 transporters. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:77-85. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2016.1158886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Heslop JA, Rowe C, Walsh J, Sison-Young R, Jenkins R, Kamalian L, Kia R, Hay D, Jones RP, Malik HZ, Fenwick S, Chadwick AE, Mills J, Kitteringham NR, Goldring CEP, Kevin Park B. Mechanistic evaluation of primary human hepatocyte culture using global proteomic analysis reveals a selective dedifferentiation profile. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:439-452. [PMID: 27039104 PMCID: PMC5225178 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1694-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The application of primary human hepatocytes following isolation from human tissue is well accepted to be compromised by the process of dedifferentiation. This phenomenon reduces many unique hepatocyte functions, limiting their use in drug disposition and toxicity assessment. The aetiology of dedifferentiation has not been well defined, and further understanding of the process would allow the development of novel strategies for sustaining the hepatocyte phenotype in culture or for improving protocols for maturation of hepatocytes generated from stem cells. We have therefore carried out the first proteomic comparison of primary human hepatocyte differentiation. Cells were cultured for 0, 24, 72 and 168 h as a monolayer in order to permit unrestricted hepatocyte dedifferentiation, so as to reveal the causative signalling pathways and factors in this process, by pathway analysis. A total of 3430 proteins were identified with a false detection rate of <1 %, of which 1117 were quantified at every time point. Increasing numbers of significantly differentially expressed proteins compared with the freshly isolated cells were observed at 24 h (40 proteins), 72 h (118 proteins) and 168 h (272 proteins) (p < 0.05). In particular, cytochromes P450 and mitochondrial proteins underwent major changes, confirmed by functional studies and investigated by pathway analysis. We report the key factors and pathways which underlie the loss of hepatic phenotype in vitro, particularly those driving the large-scale and selective remodelling of the mitochondrial and metabolic proteomes. In summary, these findings expand the current understanding of dedifferentiation should facilitate further development of simple and complex hepatic culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Heslop
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The Institute of Translational Medicine, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Cliff Rowe
- CN Bio, Centre for Innovation and Enterprise, Oxford University Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke, Oxfordshire, OX5 1PF, UK
| | - Joanne Walsh
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The Institute of Translational Medicine, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Rowena Sison-Young
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The Institute of Translational Medicine, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Roz Jenkins
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The Institute of Translational Medicine, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Laleh Kamalian
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The Institute of Translational Medicine, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Richard Kia
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The Institute of Translational Medicine, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - David Hay
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The Institute of Translational Medicine, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Robert P Jones
- University Hospital Aintree, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK
| | - Hassan Z Malik
- University Hospital Aintree, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK
| | - Stephen Fenwick
- University Hospital Aintree, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK
| | - Amy E Chadwick
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The Institute of Translational Medicine, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - John Mills
- AstraZeneca, Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, Alderley Park, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Neil R Kitteringham
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The Institute of Translational Medicine, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Chris E P Goldring
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The Institute of Translational Medicine, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.
| | - B Kevin Park
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, The Institute of Translational Medicine, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
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22
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Sahota T, Danhof M, Della Pasqua O. Pharmacology-based toxicity assessment: towards quantitative risk prediction in humans. Mutagenesis 2016; 31:359-74. [PMID: 26970519 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite ongoing efforts to better understand the mechanisms underlying safety and toxicity, ~30% of the attrition in drug discovery and development is still due to safety concerns. Changes in current practice regarding the assessment of safety and toxicity are required to reduce late stage attrition and enable effective development of novel medicines. This review focuses on the implications of empirical evidence generation for the evaluation of safety and toxicity during drug development. A shift in paradigm is needed to (i) ensure that pharmacological concepts are incorporated into the evaluation of safety and toxicity; (ii) facilitate the integration of historical evidence and thereby the translation of findings across species as well as between in vitro and in vivo experiments and (iii) promote the use of experimental protocols tailored to address specific safety and toxicity questions. Based on historical examples, we highlight the challenges for the early characterisation of the safety profile of a new molecule and discuss how model-based methodologies can be applied for the design and analysis of experimental protocols. Issues relative to the scientific rationale are categorised and presented as a hierarchical tree describing the decision-making process. Focus is given to four different areas, namely, optimisation, translation, analytical construct and decision criteria. From a methodological perspective, the relevance of quantitative methods for estimation and extrapolation of risk from toxicology and safety pharmacology experimental protocols, such as points of departure and potency, is discussed in light of advancements in population and Bayesian modelling techniques (e.g. non-linear mixed effects modelling). Their use in the evaluation of pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships (PKPD) has enabled great insight into the dose rationale for medicines in humans, both in terms of efficacy and adverse events. Comparable benefits can be anticipated for the assessment of safety and toxicity profile of novel molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarjinder Sahota
- Division of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Meindert Danhof
- Division of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar Della Pasqua
- Division of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands, Clinical Pharmacology, Modelling and Simulation, GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge, UK, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College London, London, UK
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23
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Drug metabolism and clearance system in tumor cells of patients with multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6431-47. [PMID: 25669983 PMCID: PMC4467447 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy is a major limitation of cancer treatments with several molecular mechanisms involved, in particular altered local drug metabolism and detoxification process. The role of drug metabolism and clearance system has not been satisfactorily investigated in Multiple Myeloma (MM), a malignant plasma cell cancer for which a majority of patients escapes treatment. The expression of 350 genes encoding for uptake carriers, xenobiotic receptors, phase I and II Drug Metabolizing Enzymes (DMEs) and efflux transporters was interrogated in MM cells (MMCs) of newly-diagnosed patients in relation to their event free survival. MMCs of patients with a favourable outcome have an increased expression of genes coding for xenobiotic receptors (RXRα, LXR, CAR and FXR) and accordingly of their gene targets, influx transporters and phase I/II DMEs. On the contrary, MMCs of patients with unfavourable outcome displayed a global down regulation of genes coding for xenobiotic receptors and the downstream detoxification genes but had a high expression of genes coding for ARNT and Nrf2 pathways and ABC transporters. Altogether, these data suggests ARNT and Nrf2 pathways could be involved in MM primary resistance and that targeting RXRα, PXR, LXR and FXR through agonists could open new perspectives to alleviate or reverse MM drug resistance.
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24
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Dallas S, Salphati L, Gomez-Zepeda D, Wanek T, Chen L, Chu X, Kunta J, Mezler M, Menet MC, Chasseigneaux S, Declèves X, Langer O, Pierre E, DiLoreto K, Hoft C, Laplanche L, Pang J, Pereira T, Andonian C, Simic D, Rode A, Yabut J, Zhang X, Scheer N. Generation and Characterization of a Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Humanized Mouse Model. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 89:492-504. [PMID: 26893303 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is expressed in various tissues, such as the gut, liver, kidney and blood brain barrier (BBB), where it mediates the unidirectional transport of substrates to the apical/luminal side of polarized cells. Thereby BCRP acts as an efflux pump, mediating the elimination or restricting the entry of endogenous compounds or xenobiotics into tissues and it plays important roles in drug disposition, efficacy and safety. Bcrp knockout mice (Bcrp(-/-)) have been used widely to study the role of this transporter in limiting intestinal absorption and brain penetration of substrate compounds. Here we describe the first generation and characterization of a mouse line humanized for BCRP (hBCRP), in which the mouse coding sequence from the start to stop codon was replaced with the corresponding human genomic region, such that the human transporter is expressed under control of the murineBcrppromoter. We demonstrate robust human and loss of mouse BCRP/Bcrp mRNA and protein expression in the hBCRP mice and the absence of major compensatory changes in the expression of other genes involved in drug metabolism and disposition. Pharmacokinetic and brain distribution studies with several BCRP probe substrates confirmed the functional activity of the human transporter in these mice. Furthermore, we provide practical examples for the use of hBCRP mice to study drug-drug interactions (DDIs). The hBCRP mouse is a promising model to study the in vivo role of human BCRP in limiting absorption and BBB penetration of substrate compounds and to investigate clinically relevant DDIs involving BCRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Dallas
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - Laurent Salphati
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - David Gomez-Zepeda
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - Thomas Wanek
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - Liangfu Chen
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - Xiaoyan Chu
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - Jeevan Kunta
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - Mario Mezler
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - Marie-Claude Menet
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - Stephanie Chasseigneaux
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - Xavier Declèves
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - Oliver Langer
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - Esaie Pierre
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - Karen DiLoreto
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - Carolin Hoft
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - Loic Laplanche
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - Jodie Pang
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - Tony Pereira
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - Clara Andonian
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - Damir Simic
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - Anja Rode
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - Jocelyn Yabut
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
| | - Nico Scheer
- DMPK and Bioanalytical Research, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany (M.M., C.H., L.L.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA (L.S., J.P., X.Z.); Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (L.C., C.A., E.P.); Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria (T.W., O.L.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (O.L.), Preclinical Development and Safety, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA (S.D., J.K., K.D., D.S.). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey (X.C., T.P., J.Y.); Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France (D.G.-Z., M.-C.M., S.C., X.D.); Taconic Biosciences GmbH, Koeln, Germany (A.R., N.S.)
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25
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Walsh DR, Nolin TD, Friedman PA. Drug Transporters and Na+/H+ Exchange Regulatory Factor PSD-95/Drosophila Discs Large/ZO-1 Proteins. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 67:656-80. [PMID: 26092975 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.010728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug transporters govern the absorption, distribution, and elimination of pharmacologically active compounds. Members of the solute carrier and ATP binding-cassette drug transporter family mediate cellular drug uptake and efflux processes, thereby coordinating the vectorial movement of drugs across epithelial barriers. To exert their physiologic and pharmacological function in polarized epithelia, drug transporters must be targeted and stabilized to appropriate regions of the cell membrane (i.e., apical versus basolateral). Despite the critical importance of drug transporter membrane targeting, the mechanisms that underlie these processes are largely unknown. Several clinically significant drug transporters possess a recognition sequence that binds to PSD-95/Drosophila discs large/ZO-1 (PDZ) proteins. PDZ proteins, such as the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF) family, act to stabilize and organize membrane targeting of multiple transmembrane proteins, including many clinically relevant drug transporters. These PDZ proteins are normally abundant at apical membranes, where they tether membrane-delimited transporters. NHERF expression is particularly high at the apical membrane in polarized tissue such as intestinal, hepatic, and renal epithelia, tissues important to drug disposition. Several recent studies have highlighted NHERF proteins as determinants of drug transporter function secondary to their role in controlling membrane abundance and localization. Mounting evidence strongly suggests that NHERF proteins may have clinically significant roles in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of several pharmacologically active compounds and may affect drug action in cancer and chronic kidney disease. For these reasons, NHERF proteins represent a novel class of post-translational mediators of drug transport and novel targets for new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin R Walsh
- Laboratory for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.A.F.); and Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.W., T.D.N.)
| | - Thomas D Nolin
- Laboratory for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.A.F.); and Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.W., T.D.N.)
| | - Peter A Friedman
- Laboratory for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.A.F.); and Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.W., T.D.N.)
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26
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Brouwer KLR, Aleksunes LM, Brandys B, Giacoia GP, Knipp G, Lukacova V, Meibohm B, Nigam SK, Rieder M, de Wildt SN. Human Ontogeny of Drug Transporters: Review and Recommendations of the Pediatric Transporter Working Group. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2015; 98:266-87. [PMID: 26088472 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The critical importance of membrane-bound transporters in pharmacotherapy is widely recognized, but little is known about drug transporter activity in children. In this white paper, the Pediatric Transporter Working Group presents a systematic review of the ontogeny of clinically relevant membrane transporters (e.g., SLC, ABC superfamilies) in intestine, liver, and kidney. Different developmental patterns for individual transporters emerge, but much remains unknown. Recommendations to increase our understanding of membrane transporters in pediatric pharmacotherapy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L R Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - L M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - B Brandys
- NIH Library, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - G P Giacoia
- Obstetric and Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - G Knipp
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - V Lukacova
- Simulations Plus, lnc., Lancaster, California, USA
| | - B Meibohm
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Pharmacy, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - S K Nigam
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - M Rieder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - S N de Wildt
- Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Colas C, Grewer C, Otte NJ, Gameiro A, Albers T, Singh K, Shere H, Bonomi M, Holst J, Schlessinger A. Ligand Discovery for the Alanine-Serine-Cysteine Transporter (ASCT2, SLC1A5) from Homology Modeling and Virtual Screening. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004477. [PMID: 26444490 PMCID: PMC4596572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Alanine-Serine-Cysteine transporter ASCT2 (SLC1A5) is a membrane protein that transports neutral amino acids into cells in exchange for outward movement of intracellular amino acids. ASCT2 is highly expressed in peripheral tissues such as the lung and intestines where it contributes to the homeostasis of intracellular concentrations of neutral amino acids. ASCT2 also plays an important role in the development of a variety of cancers such as melanoma by transporting amino acid nutrients such as glutamine into the proliferating tumors. Therefore, ASCT2 is a key drug target with potentially great pharmacological importance. Here, we identify seven ASCT2 ligands by computational modeling and experimental testing. In particular, we construct homology models based on crystallographic structures of the aspartate transporter GltPh in two different conformations. Optimization of the models' binding sites for protein-ligand complementarity reveals new putative pockets that can be targeted via structure-based drug design. Virtual screening of drugs, metabolites, fragments-like, and lead-like molecules from the ZINC database, followed by experimental testing of 14 top hits with functional measurements using electrophysiological methods reveals seven ligands, including five activators and two inhibitors. For example, aminooxetane-3-carboxylate is a more efficient activator than any other known ASCT2 natural or unnatural substrate. Furthermore, two of the hits inhibited ASCT2 mediated glutamine uptake and proliferation of a melanoma cancer cell line. Our results improve our understanding of how substrate specificity is determined in amino acid transporters, as well as provide novel scaffolds for developing chemical tools targeting ASCT2, an emerging therapeutic target for cancer and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Colas
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Christof Grewer
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicholas James Otte
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory Centenary Program, Camperdown, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Armanda Gameiro
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas Albers
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - Kurnvir Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - Helen Shere
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Jeff Holst
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory Centenary Program, Camperdown, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail: (JH); (AS)
| | - Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JH); (AS)
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Xu Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Zhou N, Peng J, Gong L, Ren J, Luo C, Luo X, Jiang H, Chen K, Zheng M. Combinatorial Pharmacophore Modeling of Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion Transporter 1 Inhibitors: a Theoretical Perspective for Understanding Multiple Inhibitory Mechanisms. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13684. [PMID: 26330298 PMCID: PMC4556958 DOI: 10.1038/srep13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A combinatorial pharmacophore (CP) model for Multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1/SLC47A1) inhibitors was developed based on a data set including 881 compounds. The CP model comprises four individual pharmacophore hypotheses, HHR1, DRR, HHR2 and AAAP, which can successfully identify the MATE1 inhibitors with an overall accuracy around 75%. The model emphasizes the importance of aromatic ring and hydrophobicity as two important structural determinants for MATE1 inhibition. Compared with the pharmacophore model of Organic Cation Transporter 2 (OCT2/ SLC22A2), a functional related transporter of MATE1, the hypotheses of AAAP and PRR5 are suggested to be responsible for their ligand selectivity, while HHR a common recognition pattern for their dual inhibition. A series of analysis including molecular sizes of inhibitors matching different hypotheses, matching of representative MATE1 inhibitors and molecular docking indicated that the small inhibitors matching HHR1 and DRR involve in competitive inhibition, while the relatively large inhibitors matching AAAP are responsible for the noncompetitive inhibition by locking the conformation changing of MATE1. In light of the results, a hypothetical model for inhibiting transporting mediated by MATE1 was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Nannan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianlong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Likun Gong
- Center for drug safety evaluation and research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Center for drug safety evaluation and research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Li X, Zhong K, Guo Z, Zhong D, Chen X. Fasiglifam (TAK-875) Inhibits Hepatobiliary Transporters: A Possible Factor Contributing to Fasiglifam-Induced Liver Injury. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1751-9. [PMID: 26276582 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.064121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasiglifam (TAK-875), a selective G-protein-coupled receptor 40 agonist, was developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, its development was terminated in phase III clinical trials because of liver safety concerns. Our preliminary study indicated that intravenous administration of 100 mg/kg of TAK-875 increased the serum total bile acid concentration by 3 to 4 times and total bilirubin levels by 1.5 to 2.6 times in rats. In the present study, we examined the inhibitory effects of TAK-875 on hepatobiliary transporters to explore the mechanisms underlying its hepatotoxicity. TAK-875 decreased the biliary excretion index and the in vitro biliary clearance of d₈-taurocholic acid in sandwich-cultured rat hepatocytes, suggesting that TAK-875 impaired biliary excretion of bile acids, possibly by inhibiting bile salt export pump (Bsep). TAK-875 inhibited the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) in rat hepatocytes using 5 (and 6)-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein as a substrate. Inhibition of MRP2 was further confirmed by reduced transport of vinblastine in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells overexpressing MRP2 with IC₅₀ values of 2.41 μM. TAK-875 also inhibited the major bile acid uptake transporter Na(+)/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (Ntcp), which transports d₈-taurocholic acid into rat hepatocytes, with an IC₅₀ value of 10.9 μM. TAK-875 significantly inhibited atorvastatin uptake in organic anion transporter protein (OATP) 1B1 and OATP1B3 cells with IC₅₀ values of 2.28 and 3.98 μM, respectively. These results indicate that TAK-875 inhibited the efflux transporter MRP2/Mrp2 and uptake transporters Ntcp and OATP/Oatp, which may affect bile acid and bilirubin homeostasis, resulting in hyperbilirubinemia and cholestatic hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kan Zhong
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zitao Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dafang Zhong
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Li AP. Evaluation of Adverse Drug Properties with Cryopreserved Human Hepatocytes and the Integrated Discrete Multiple Organ Co-culture (IdMOC(TM)) System. Toxicol Res 2015; 31:137-49. [PMID: 26191380 PMCID: PMC4505344 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2015.31.2.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hepatocytes, with complete hepatic metabolizing enzymes, transporters and cofactors, represent the gold standard for in vitro evaluation of drug metabolism, drug-drug interactions, and hepatotoxicity. Successful cryopreservation of human hepatocytes enables this experimental system to be used routinely. The use of human hepatocytes to evaluate two major adverse drug properties: drug-drug interactions and hepatotoxicity, are summarized in this review. The application of human hepatocytes in metabolism-based drug-drug interaction includes metabolite profiling, pathway identification, P450 inhibition, P450 induction, and uptake and efflux transporter inhibition. The application of human hepatocytes in toxicity evaluation includes in vitro hepatotoxicity and metabolism-based drug toxicity determination. A novel system, the Integrated Discrete Multiple Organ Co-culture (IdMOC) which allows the evaluation of nonhepatic toxicity in the presence of hepatic metabolism, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert P Li
- In Vitro ADMET Laboratories LLC, 9221 Rumsey Road Suite 8, Columbia, MD 21045
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Shingaki T, Hume WE, Takashima T, Katayama Y, Okauchi T, Hayashinaka E, Wada Y, Cui Y, Kusuhara H, Sugiyama Y, Watanabe Y. Quantitative Evaluation of mMate1 Function Based on Minimally Invasive Measurement of Tissue Concentration Using PET with [(11)C]Metformin in Mouse. Pharm Res 2015; 32:2538-47. [PMID: 25715695 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the function of multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs) using (11)C-labeled metformin ([(11)C]metformin) by positron emission tomography (PET). METHODS PET was performed by intravenous bolus injection of [(11)C]metformin. Pyrimethamine at 0.5 and 5 mg/kg was intravenously administered to mice 30 min prior to the scan. Integration plot analysis was conducted for calculating liver (CLuptake,liver), kidney (CLuptake,kidney) tissue uptake, intrinsic biliary (CLint,bile) and urinary (CLint,urine) excretion clearances of [(11)C]metformin. RESULTS Visualization by PET showed that pyrimethamine increased concentrations of [(11)C]metformin in the liver and kidneys, and decreased the concentrations in the urinary bladder without changing the blood profiles. Pyrimethamine had no effect on the CLuptake,liver and CLuptake,kidney, which were similar to the blood-flow rate. CLint,bile with regard to the liver concentration was unable to be determined, but administration of 0.5 and 5 mg/kg of pyrimethamine increased the liver-to-blood ratio to 1.6 and 2.3-fold, respectively, indicating that pyrimethamine inhibited the efflux of [(11)C]metformin from the liver. CLint,urine with regard to the corticomedullary region concentrations was decreased 37 and 68% of the control by administration of 0.5 and 5 mg/kg of pyrimethamine, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Tissue concentration based investigations using [(11)C]metformin by PET enables the functional analysis of MATEs in the liver and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Shingaki
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
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32
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Sage DP, Kulczar C, Roth W, Liu W, Knipp GT. Persistent pharmacokinetic challenges to pediatric drug development. Front Genet 2014; 5:281. [PMID: 25221567 PMCID: PMC4145254 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic agents for the mitigation of pediatric disorders is largely hindered by the inability for investigators to assess pediatric pharmacokinetics (PK) in healthy patients due to substantial safety concerns. Pediatric patients are a clinical moving target for drug delivery due to changes in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) and the potential for PK related toxicological (T) events to occur throughout development. These changes in ADMET can have profound effects on drug delivery, and may lead to toxic or sub-therapeutic outcomes. Ethical, economical, logistical, and technical barriers have resulted in insufficient investigation of these changes by industrial, regulatory, and academic bodies, leading to the classification of pediatric patients as therapeutic orphans. In response to these concerns, regulatory agencies have incentivized investigation into these ontogenic changes and their effects on drug delivery in pediatric populations. The intent of this review is to briefly present a synopsis of the development changes that occur in pediatric patients, discuss the effects of these changes on ADME and drug delivery strategies, highlight the hurdles that are still being faced, and present some opportunities to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Sage
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Christopher Kulczar
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Wyatt Roth
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Gregory T Knipp
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
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33
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Dos Santos Pereira JN, Tadjerpisheh S, Abu Abed M, Saadatmand AR, Weksler B, Romero IA, Couraud PO, Brockmöller J, Tzvetkov MV. The poorly membrane permeable antipsychotic drugs amisulpride and sulpiride are substrates of the organic cation transporters from the SLC22 family. AAPS JOURNAL 2014; 16:1247-58. [PMID: 25155823 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-014-9649-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Variations in influx transport at the blood-brain barrier might affect the concentration of psychotropic drugs at their site of action and as a consequence might alter therapy response. Furthermore, influx transporters in organs such as the gut, liver and kidney may influence absorption, distribution, and elimination. Here, we analyzed 30 commonly used psychotropic drugs using a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay. Amisulpride and sulpiride showed the lowest membrane permeability (P e < 1.5 × 10(-6) cm/s) and will require influx transport to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and other physiological barriers. We then studied the uptake of amisulpride and sulpiride by the organic cation transporters of the SLC22 family OCT1, OCT2, OCT3, OCTN1, and OCTN2 Amisulpride was found to be transported by all five transporters studied. In contrast, sulpiride was only transported by OCT1 and OCT2. OCT1 showed the highest transport ability both for amisulpride (CLint = 1.9 ml/min/mg protein) and sulpiride (CLint = 4.2 ml/min/mg protein) and polymorphisms in OCT1 significantly reduced the uptake of both drugs. Furthermore, we observed carrier-mediated uptake that was inhibitable by known OCT inhibitors in the immortalized human brain microvascular endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that amisulpride and sulpiride are substrates of organic cation transporters of the SLC22 family. SLC22 transporters may play an important role in the distribution of amisulpride and sulpiride, including their ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao N Dos Santos Pereira
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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Pharmaceutical R&D: an age of change? Future Med Chem 2014; 6:1109-12. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Pinto M, Digles D, Ecker GF. Computational models for predicting the interaction with ABC transporters. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2014; 12:e69-e77. [PMID: 25027377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There is strong evidence that ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a critical role in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of many drugs and xenobiotics. Due to their pharmacological role, several computational approaches have been developed to understand and predict the interaction between ABC transporters and their ligands. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of the art of the ligand-based models that, derived from the transport and inhibitory activities of a set of ligands, have been published for ABC transporters.
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36
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Klamerus KJ, Alvey C, Li L, Feng B, Wang R, Kaplan I, Shi H, Dowty ME, Krishnaswami S. Evaluation of the potential interaction between tofacitinib and drugs that undergo renal tubular secretion using metformin, an in vivo marker of renal organic cation transporter 2. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2014; 3:499-507. [PMID: 27129125 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tofacitinib is a novel, oral Janus kinase inhibitor. The potential for drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between tofacitinib and drugs that undergo renal tubular secretion was evaluated using metformin as a probe transporter substrate, and genotyping for organic cation transporter (OCT) 1, OCT2 and multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 polymorphisms. Twenty-four healthy male subjects completed this open-label, fixed-sequence study. Subjects were administered a single oral metformin 500 mg dose on Days 1 and 4, and multiple oral tofacitinib 30 mg twice daily doses on Days 2, 3, and 4. Subjects underwent serial blood and urine samplings (Days 1 and 4) to estimate metformin pharmacokinetics. A single blood sample for tofacitinib was collected 2 hours after the morning dose (Day 4). The 90% confidence intervals for the ratios of maximum plasma concentration, area under the curve and renal clearance of metformin, with and without tofacitinib, were contained within the 80-125% acceptance range commonly used to establish a lack of DDI. No deaths, serious adverse events (AEs), severe AEs or discontinuations due to AEs were reported. The study confirms tofacitinib is unlikely to impact the pharmacokinetics of drugs that undergo renal tubular secretion, and concurs with its weak in vitro OCT2 inhibitory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lei Li
- Pfizer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bo Feng
- Pfizer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
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37
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Schlessinger A, Khuri N, Giacomini KM, Sali A. Molecular modeling and ligand docking for solute carrier (SLC) transporters. Curr Top Med Chem 2014; 13:843-56. [PMID: 23578028 DOI: 10.2174/1568026611313070007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters are membrane proteins that transport solutes, such as ions, metabolites, peptides, and drugs, across biological membranes, using diverse energy coupling mechanisms. In human, there are 386 SLC transporters, many of which contribute to the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs and/or can be targeted directly by therapeutics. Recent atomic structures of SLC transporters determined by X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy have significantly expanded the applicability of structure-based prediction of SLC transporter ligands, by enabling both comparative modeling of additional SLC transporters and virtual screening of small molecules libraries against experimental structures as well as comparative models. In this review, we begin by describing computational tools, including sequence analysis, comparative modeling, and virtual screening, that are used to predict the structures and functions of membrane proteins such as SLC transporters. We then illustrate the applications of these tools to predicting ligand specificities of select SLC transporters, followed by experimental validation using uptake kinetic measurements and other assays. We conclude by discussing future directions in the discovery of the SLC transporter ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Tong Z, Yerramilli U, Surapaneni S, Kumar G. The interactions of lenalidomide with human uptake and efflux transporters and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1: lack of potential for drug-drug interactions. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 73:869-74. [PMID: 24627218 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent used for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes and multiple myeloma. Renal clearance of lenalidomide is the predominant elimination route and is approximately twofold greater than the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), suggesting the potential contribution of an active secretory mechanism. In vitro studies were conducted to examine whether lenalidomide is a substrate of drug transporters, namely P-glycoprotein (P-gp), human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), multidrug resistance proteins (MRP1, MRP2, MRP3), organic anion transporters (OAT1, OAT3), organic cation transporters (OCT1 and OCT2), human organic cation transporter novel 1 and 2 (OCTN1 and OCTN2), multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE1) and organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP1B1). Lenalidomide was also evaluated as an inhibitor of P-gp, BCRP, MRP2, OCT2, OAT1, OAT3, OATP1B1, OATP1B3 and bile salt export pump (BSEP). In addition, inhibition of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) variants by lenalidomide was also assessed. METHOD Cells or vesicles expressing each of the human transporters were used for uptake and inhibition studies, with appropriate probe substrates and known inhibitors. RESULTS Results of these studies indicate that the lenalidomide is not a substrate for the transporters examined, except that it is weak substrate of P-gp. None of the transporters studied were inhibited by lenalidomide. Lenalidomide is not an inhibitor of UGT1A1*1/*1 or its polymorphic variants UGT1A1*1/*28 and UGT1A1*28/*28. CONCLUSIONS Drug interactions are unlikely to occur when lenalidomide is co-administered with substrates or inhibitors of these transporters. In addition, lenalidomide is unlikely to cause interactions when co-administered with substrates of UGT1A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeen Tong
- DMPK Laboratories, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ, USA,
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Abstract
The accuracy of preclinical safety evaluation to predict human toxicity is hindered by species difference in drug metabolism and toxic mechanism between human and nonhuman animals. In vitro human-based experimental systems allowing the assessment of human-specific drug properties represent a logical and practical approach to provide human-specific information. An advantage of in vitro approaches is that they require only limited amounts of time and resources, and, most importantly, do not invoke harm to human patients. Human hepatocytes, with complete hepatic metabolizing enzymes, transporters and cofactors, represent a practical and useful experimental system to assess drug metabolism. The use of human hepatocytes to evaluate two major adverse drug properties, drug–drug interactions and hepatotoxicity, are reviewed. The application of human hepatocytes in metabolism-based drug–drug interactions includes metabolite profiling, pathway identification, CYP450 inhibition, CYP450 induction, and uptake and efflux transporter inhibition. The application of human hepatocytes in toxicity evaluation includes in vitro hepatotoxicity and metabolism-based drug toxicity determination. Correlation of drug toxicity with proteomics and genomics data may allow the discovery of clinical biomarkers for early detection of liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert P Li
- In Vitro ADMET Laboratories LLC, 9221 Rumsey Road Suite 8, Columbia, MD 21045, USA
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40
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Döring B, Petzinger E. Phase 0 and phase III transport in various organs: combined concept of phases in xenobiotic transport and metabolism. Drug Metab Rev 2014; 46:261-82. [PMID: 24483608 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2014.882353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The historical phasing concept of drug metabolism and elimination was introduced to comprise the two phases of metabolism: phase I metabolism for oxidations, reductions and hydrolyses, and phase II metabolism for synthesis. With this concept, biological membrane barriers obstructing the accessibility of metabolism sites in the cells for drugs were not considered. The concept of two phases was extended to a concept of four phases when drug transporters were detected that guided drugs and drug metabolites in and out of the cells. In particular, water soluble or charged drugs are virtually not able to overcome the phospholipid membrane barrier. Drug transporters belong to two main clusters of transporter families: the solute carrier (SLC) families and the ATP binding cassette (ABC) carriers. The ABC transporters comprise seven families with about 20 carriers involved in drug transport. All of them operate as pumps at the expense of ATP splitting. Embedded in the former phase concept, the term "phase III" was introduced by Ishikawa in 1992 for drug export by ABC efflux pumps. SLC comprise 52 families, from which many carriers are drug uptake transporters. Later on, this uptake process was referred to as the "phase 0 transport" of drugs. Transporters for xenobiotics in man and animal are most expressed in liver, but they are also present in extra-hepatic tissues such as in the kidney, the adrenal gland and lung. This review deals with the function of drug carriers in various organs and their impact on drug metabolism and elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Döring
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Giessen , Germany
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Cihalova D, Hofman J, Ceckova M, Staud F. Purvalanol A, olomoucine II and roscovitine inhibit ABCB1 transporter and synergistically potentiate cytotoxic effects of daunorubicin in vitro. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83467. [PMID: 24376706 PMCID: PMC3871618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKi) have high potential applicability in anticancer therapy, but various aspects of their pharmacokinetics, especially their interactions with drug efflux transporters, have not yet been evaluated in detail. Thus, we investigated interactions of five CDKi (purvalanol A, olomoucine II, roscovitine, flavopiridol and SNS-032) with the ABCB1 transporter. Four of the compounds inhibited efflux of two ABCB1 substrates, Hoechst 33342 and daunorubicin, in MDCKII-ABCB1 cells: Olomoucine II most strongly, followed by roscovitine, purvalanol A, and flavopiridol. SNS-032 inhibited ABCB1-mediated efflux of Hoechst 33342 but not daunorubicin. In addition, purvalanol A, SNS-032 and flavopiridol lowered the stimulated ATPase activity in ABCB1 membrane preparations, while olomoucine II and roscovitine not only inhibited the stimulated ATPase but also significantly activated the basal ABCB1 ATPase, suggesting that these two CDKi are ABCB1 substrates. We further revealed that the strongest ABCB1 inhibitors (purvalanol A, olomoucine II and roscovitine) synergistically potentiate the antiproliferative effect of daunorubicin, a commonly used anticancer drug and ABCB1 substrate, in MDCKII-ABCB1 cells as well as in human carcinoma HCT-8 and HepG2 cells. We suggest that this pronounced synergism is at least partly caused by (i) CDKi-mediated inhibition of ABCB1 transporter leading to increased intracellular retention of daunorubicin and (ii) native cytotoxic activity of the CDKi. Our results indicate that co-administration of the tested CDKi with anticancer drugs that are ABCB1 substrates may allow significant dose reduction in the treatment of ABCB1-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cihalova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hofman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Ceckova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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42
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Zamek-Gliszczynski MJ, Chu X, Polli JW, Paine MF, Galetin A. Understanding the Transport Properties of Metabolites: Case Studies and Considerations for Drug Development. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 42:650-64. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.055558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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43
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Wong K, Ma J, Rothnie A, Biggin PC, Kerr ID. Towards understanding promiscuity in multidrug efflux pumps. Trends Biochem Sci 2013; 39:8-16. [PMID: 24316304 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Drug export from cells is a major factor in the acquisition of cellular resistance to antimicrobial and cancer chemotherapy, and poses a significant threat to future clinical management of disease. Many of the proteins that catalyse drug efflux do so with remarkably low substrate specificity, a phenomenon known as multidrug transport. For these reasons we need a greater understanding of drug recognition and transport in multidrug pumps to inform research that attempts to circumvent their action. Structural and computational studies have been heralded as being great strides towards a full elucidation of multidrug recognition and transport. In this review we summarise these advances and ask how close we are to a molecular understanding of this remarkable phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Jerome Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Alice Rothnie
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Philip C Biggin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Ian D Kerr
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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44
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Kawaguchi-Suzuki M, Frye RF. Current clinical evidence on pioglitazone pharmacogenomics. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:147. [PMID: 24324437 PMCID: PMC3840328 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pioglitazone is the most widely used thiazolidinedione and acts as an insulin-sensitizer through activation of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (PPARγ). Pioglitazone is approved for use in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but its use in other therapeutic areas is increasing due to pleiotropic effects. In this hypothesis article, the current clinical evidence on pioglitazone pharmacogenomics is summarized and related to variability in pioglitazone response. How genetic variation in the human genome affects the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pioglitazone was examined. For pharmacodynamic effects, hypoglycemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects, risks of fracture or edema, and the increase in body mass index in response to pioglitazone based on genotype were examined. The genes CYP2C8 and PPARG are the most extensively studied to date and selected polymorphisms contribute to respective variability in pioglitazone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. We hypothesized that genetic variation in pioglitazone pathway genes contributes meaningfully to the clinically observed variability in drug response. To test the hypothesis that genetic variation in PPARG associates with variability in pioglitazone response, we conducted a meta-analysis to synthesize the currently available data on the PPARG p.Pro12Ala polymorphism. The results showed that PPARG 12Ala carriers had a more favorable change in fasting blood glucose from baseline as compared to patients with the wild-type Pro12Pro genotype (p = 0.018). Unfortunately, findings for many other genes lack replication in independent cohorts to confirm association; further studies are needed. Also, the biological functionality of these polymorphisms is unknown. Based on current evidence, we propose that pharmacogenomics may provide an important tool to individualize pioglitazone therapy and better optimize therapy in patients with T2DM or other conditions for which pioglitazone is being used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kawaguchi-Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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45
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Higgins JW, Bao JQ, Ke AB, Manro JR, Fallon JK, Smith PC, Zamek-Gliszczynski MJ. Utility of Oatp1a/1b-knockout and OATP1B1/3-humanized mice in the study of OATP-mediated pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution: case studies with pravastatin, atorvastatin, simvastatin, and carboxydichlorofluorescein. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 42:182-92. [PMID: 24194513 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.054783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)-mediated hepatic uptake is generally conserved between rodents and humans at a gross pharmacokinetic level, the presence of three major hepatic OATPs with broad overlap in substrate and inhibitor affinity, and absence of rodent-human orthologs preclude clinical translation of single-gene knockout/knockin findings. At present, changes in pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of pravastatin, atorvastatin, simvastatin, and carboxydichlorofluorescein were studied in oatp1a/1b-knockout mice lacking the three major hepatic oatp isoforms, and in knockout mice with liver-specific knockin of human OATP1B1 or OATP1B3. Relative to wild-type controls, oatp1a/1b-knockout mice exhibited 1.6- to 19-fold increased intravenous and 2.1- to 115-fold increased oral drug exposure, due to 33%-75% decreased clearance, 14%-60% decreased volume of distribution, and ≤74-fold increased oral bioavailability, with the magnitude of change depending on the contribution of oatp1a/1b to pharmacokinetics. Hepatic drug distribution was 4.2- to 196-fold lower in oatp1a/1b-knockout mice; distributional attenuation was less notable in kidney, brain, cardiac, and skeletal muscle. Knockin of OATP1B1 or OATP1B3 partially restored control clearance, volume, and bioavailability values (24%-142% increase, ≤47% increase, and ≤77% decrease vs. knockout, respectively), such that knockin pharmacokinetic profiles were positioned between knockout and wild-type mice. Consistent with liver-specific humanization, only hepatic drug distribution was partially restored (1.3- to 6.5-fold increase vs. knockout). Exposure and liver distribution changes in OATP1B1-humanized versus knockout mice predicted the clinical impact of OATP1B1 on oral exposure and contribution to human hepatic uptake of statins within 1.7-fold, but only after correcting for human/humanized mouse liver relative protein expression factor (OATP1B1 = 2.2, OATP1B3 = 0.30).
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Affiliation(s)
- J William Higgins
- Drug Disposition (J.W.H., J.Q.B., A.B.K., M.J.Z.-G.) and Global Statistical Sciences (J.R.M.), Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.K.F., P.C.S., M.J.Z.-G.)
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46
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Zamek-Gliszczynski MJ, Bao JQ, Day JS, Higgins JW. Metformin Sinusoidal Efflux from the Liver Is Consistent with Negligible Biliary Excretion and Absence of Enterohepatic Cycling. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:1967-71. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.053025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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47
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Giacomini KM, Huang SM. Transporters in drug development and clinical pharmacology. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013; 94:3-9. [PMID: 23778703 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2013.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
More than 400 membrane transporters in two major superfamilies-ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC)-are annotated in the human genome. Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that transport is an important determinant of drug disposition, as well as therapeutic and adverse drug effects. Importantly, transporters may represent the rate-determining step of drug absorption, distribution, and elimination in the intestine, liver, kidney, and blood-brain barrier (BBB), and they are often the sites of drug-drug interactions.
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48
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Kell DB. Finding novel pharmaceuticals in the systems biology era using multiple effective drug targets, phenotypic screening and knowledge of transporters: where drug discovery went wrong and how to fix it. FEBS J 2013; 280:5957-80. [PMID: 23552054 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the sequencing of the human genome, the rate of innovative and successful drug discovery in the pharmaceutical industry has continued to decrease. Leaving aside regulatory matters, the fundamental and interlinked intellectual issues proposed to be largely responsible for this are: (a) the move from 'function-first' to 'target-first' methods of screening and drug discovery; (b) the belief that successful drugs should and do interact solely with single, individual targets, despite natural evolution's selection for biochemical networks that are robust to individual parameter changes; (c) an over-reliance on the rule-of-5 to constrain biophysical and chemical properties of drug libraries; (d) the general abandoning of natural products that do not obey the rule-of-5; (e) an incorrect belief that drugs diffuse passively into (and presumably out of) cells across the bilayers portions of membranes, according to their lipophilicity; (f) a widespread failure to recognize the overwhelmingly important role of proteinaceous transporters, as well as their expression profiles, in determining drug distribution in and between different tissues and individual patients; and (g) the general failure to use engineering principles to model biology in parallel with performing 'wet' experiments, such that 'what if?' experiments can be performed in silico to assess the likely success of any strategy. These facts/ideas are illustrated with a reasonably extensive literature review. Success in turning round drug discovery consequently requires: (a) decent systems biology models of human biochemical networks; (b) the use of these (iteratively with experiments) to model how drugs need to interact with multiple targets to have substantive effects on the phenotype; (c) the adoption of polypharmacology and/or cocktails of drugs as a desirable goal in itself; (d) the incorporation of drug transporters into systems biology models, en route to full and multiscale systems biology models that incorporate drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion; (e) a return to 'function-first' or phenotypic screening; and (f) novel methods for inferring modes of action by measuring the properties on system variables at all levels of the 'omes. Such a strategy offers the opportunity of achieving a state where we can hope to predict biological processes and the effect of pharmaceutical agents upon them. Consequently, this should both lower attrition rates and raise the rates of discovery of effective drugs substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, UK; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, UK
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49
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Tweedie D, Polli JW, Berglund EG, Huang SM, Zhang L, Poirier A, Chu X, Feng B. Transporter studies in drug development: experience to date and follow-up on decision trees from the International Transporter Consortium. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013; 94:113-25. [PMID: 23588318 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2013.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The International Transporter Consortium (ITC) organized a second workshop in March 2012 to expand on the themes developed during the inaugural ITC workshop held in 2008. The final session of the workshop provided perspectives from regulatory and industry-based scientists, with input from academic scientists, and focused primarily on the decision trees published from the first workshop. These decision trees have become a central part of subsequent regulatory drug-drug interaction (DDI) guidances issued over the past few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tweedie
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA.
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50
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Brouwer KLR, Keppler D, Hoffmaster KA, Bow DAJ, Cheng Y, Lai Y, Palm JE, Stieger B, Evers R. In Vitro Methods to Support Transporter Evaluation in Drug Discovery and Development. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013; 94:95-112. [DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2013.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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