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Armenta-González LL, Hernández-Pérez JG, Feeney EL, Vázquez-Salas A, Galván-Portillo M, López DS, Torres-Sánchez L. Differential association between dairy intake patterns and incident prostate cancer: a potential dairy matrix effect. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:847-857. [PMID: 38197912 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between dairy intake patterns and the risk of prostate cancer (PC), and its histological differentiation, among men from Mexico City. METHODS We analyzed the information from 394 incident PC cases paired by age (± 5 years) with 794 population controls. According to the Gleason score at diagnosis, cases were classified as well- (≤ 6), moderately- (= 7), and poorly differentiated PC (≥ 8). Based on a semiquantitative-food frequency questionnaire and using energy-density approach, we estimated the energy-adjusted daily intake of whole milk, cheese (fresh, Oaxaca, and Manchego), cream, and yogurt. Through a principal component analysis, we identified three dairy intake patterns: whole milk, cheese, and yogurt. The association between each dairy intake pattern and PC was evaluated from independent nonconditional logistic regression models. We also evaluated the mediator role of calcium and saturated fat intake. RESULTS After adjustment, a high intake of whole milk pattern was associated with a 63% increased risk of PC (ORhigh vs low: 1.63; 95% CI 1.17-2.25, p trend = 0.002); at expenses of moderately (ORhigh vs low: 1.77; 95% CI 1.09-2.85, p trend = 0.015) and poorly differentiated PC (ORhigh vs low: 1.75; 95% CI 1.05- 2.92, p trend = 0.031). The association was mainly mediated by calcium intake (proportion mediated = 1.17; p < 0.01). No associations were found between cream and yogurt intake patterns with risk of PC, and its histological grade. CONCLUSIONS A differential association of dairy intake patterns with risk of PC, and the poorly differentiated PC, was identified. This association seems to be determined by different dairy matrices and it is mediated by calcium content. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and be able to identify other potential mediators in the etiology of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Lizbeth Armenta-González
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Escuela de Salud Pública de México, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jesús Gibran Hernández-Pérez
- Escuela de Salud Pública de México, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Emma L Feeney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Argelia Vázquez-Salas
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Marcia Galván-Portillo
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - David S López
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public and Population Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Luisa Torres-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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2
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Lin HY, Zhu X, Aucoin AJ, Fu Q, Park JY, Tseng TS. Dietary and Serum Antioxidants Associated with Prostate-Specific Antigen for Middle-Aged and Older Men. Nutrients 2023; 15:3298. [PMID: 37571238 PMCID: PMC10420876 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
High prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels can indicate potential prostate problems and are a warning sign of prostate cancer. The impact of antioxidants on the PSA of generally healthy men is understudied. This study aims to evaluate 14 dietary and endogenous antioxidants associated with PSA levels for United States (US) men. We assessed 7398 men using the 2003-2010 US population-based National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The PSA levels were categorized into three groups: Normal, borderline, and elevated levels. We performed analyses for middle-aged and older groups aged 40-64.9 and ≥65, respectively. The weighted multinomial regressions were performed to evaluate antioxidants associated with the PSA status. For results, 0.3% and 3.4% of middle-aged and older men, respectively, had elevated PSA (>10 ng/mL). Men with a higher serum albumin level had a lower risk of an elevated PSA, adjusting for age. The magnitude of albumin's impact on PSA is larger in middle-aged men than in older men (OR of elevated PSA = 0.82 and 0.90, respectively, interaction p = 0.002). Other antioxidants are not associated with PSA. Our findings support men with low serum albumin tend to have an elevated PSA level, so related interventions can be considered to decrease PSA for maintaining prostate health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yi Lin
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Xiaodan Zhu
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Alise J. Aucoin
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Qiufan Fu
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jong Y. Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Tung-Sung Tseng
- Behavior and Community Health Sciences Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
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Loh WQ, Youn J, Seow WJ. Vitamin E Intake and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010014. [PMID: 36615673 PMCID: PMC9824720 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is a group of antioxidative tocopherols and tocotrienols that play a potential role in chemoprevention. Studies investigating the association between vitamin E and prostate cancer risk have been conflicting. We identified observational and interventional studies examining the association between vitamin E intake and prostate cancer risk from PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. A random-effects model was used to perform a meta-analysis and estimate relative risks (RRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of prostate cancer risk according to vitamin E intake. Subgroup analyses were conducted by study design, sample size, study population characteristics, geographical region, and dose of vitamin E intake. The association between dietary (RR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.92-1.02) and supplemental (RR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.94-1.04) vitamin E intake on prostate cancer risk was non-significant. In subgroup analyses, supplemental vitamin E was significantly associated with reduced prostate cancer risk in studies in Europe (RR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.69-0.97). Overall, this meta-analysis demonstrates little evidence for a beneficial effect of vitamin E intake on prostate cancer risk but suggests that there may be some conditions in which supplements could confer a protective effect on prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qi Loh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Jiyoung Youn
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Jie Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6601-1243
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Cavalca AMB, Aquino AM, Mosele FC, Justulin LA, Delella FK, Flaws JA, Scarano WR. Effects of a phthalate metabolite mixture on both normal and tumoral human prostate cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2566-2578. [PMID: 35861251 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates represent a group of substances used in industry that have antiandrogenic activity and are found in different concentrations in human urine and plasma. More than 8 million tons of phthalates are used each year, predominantly as plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products. Phthalates are widely used in everyday consumer products and improperly discarded into the environment. Furthermore, in vivo studies carried out in our laboratory showed that a mixture of phthalates, equivalent to the mixture used in this study, deregulated the expression of genes and miRNAs associated with prostatic carcinogenic pathways. Thus, this study was designed to establish an in vitro model to assess pathways related to cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and biosynthesis of miRNAs, using both normal and tumoral prostatic epithelial cells exposed to an environmentally relevant mixture of phthalate metabolites. Tumor (LNCaP) and normal (PNT-2) prostatic epithelial cell lines were exposed for 24 and 72 h to vehicle control or the phthalate mixture. The selected metabolite mixture (1000 μmol/L) consisted of 36.7% monoethyl phthalate (MEP), 19.4% mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), 15.3% monobutyl phthalate (MBP), 10.2% monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), 10.2% monoisononyl phthalate (MiNP), and 8.2% monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP). Gene expression was performed by qRT-PCR and cell migratory potential was measured using cell migration assays. Our results showed that the mixture of phthalates increased cell turnover, oxidative stress, biosynthesis, and expression of miRNAs in LNCaP cells; thus, increasing their cellular expansive and migratory potential and modulating tumor behavior, making them possibly more aggressive. However, these effects were less pronounced in benign cells, demonstrating that, in the short term, benign cells are able to develop effective mechanisms or more resistance against the insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre M B Cavalca
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ariana M Aquino
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Francielle C Mosele
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Luis A Justulin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Flávia K Delella
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Wellerson R Scarano
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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Alzahrani MA, Shakil Ahmad M, Alkhamees M, Aljuhayman A, Binsaleh S, Tiwari R, Almannie R. Dietary protein intake and prostate cancer risk in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Complement Ther Med 2022; 70:102851. [PMID: 35820576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis to summarize available findings on the associations between dietary protein intake and prostate cancer risk as well as the dose-response associations of total, animal, plant, and dairy protein intake with prostate cancer risk. METHODS This study followed the 2020 PRISMA guideline. We conducted a systematic search in the online databases of PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar to detect eligible prospective studies published to October 2021 that assessed total, animal, plant, and dairy protein intake in relation to prostate cancer risk. RESULTS Overall, 12 articles containing prospective studies with a total sample size of 388,062 individuals and 30,165 cases of prostate cancer were included. The overall relative risks (RRs) of prostate cancer, comparing the highest and lowest intakes of total, animal, plant, and dairy protein intake, were 0.99 (95% CI: 92-1.07, I2 =12.8%), 0.99 (95% CI: 95-1.04, I2 =0), 1.01 (95% CI: 96-1.06, I2 =0), and 1.08 (95% CI: 1.00-1.16, I2 =38.1%), respectively, indicating a significant positive association for dairy protein intake (P = 0.04) and non-significant associations for other protein types. However, this positive association was seen among men who consumed ≥ 30 gr/day of dairy protein, such that a 20 g/d increase in dairy protein intake (equal to 2.5 cups milk or yogurt) was associated with a 10% higher risk of prostate cancer (Pooled RR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02-1.20, I2 = 42.5%). Such dose-response association was not seen for total, animal, and plant protein intake. CONCLUSION Overall, dairy protein intake may increase the risk of prostate cancer in men who consumed > 30 gr/day of dairy protein. Larger, well-designed studies are still required to further evaluation of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshari A Alzahrani
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Shakil Ahmad
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alkhamees
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Aljuhayman
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Binsaleh
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, King Saud University, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Tiwari
- Consultant Urologist in Kailash Hospital, Noida, India
| | - Raed Almannie
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, King Saud University, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Saudi Arabia
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Calatayud DG, Neophytou S, Nicodemou E, Giuffrida SG, Ge H, Pascu SI. Nano-Theranostics for the Sensing, Imaging and Therapy of Prostate Cancers. Front Chem 2022; 10:830133. [PMID: 35494646 PMCID: PMC9039169 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.830133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We highlight hereby recent developments in the emerging field of theranostics, which encompasses the combination of therapeutics and diagnostics in a single entity aimed for an early-stage diagnosis, image-guided therapy as well as evaluation of therapeutic outcomes of relevance to prostate cancer (PCa). Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men and a frequent cause of male cancer death. As such, this overview is concerned with recent developments in imaging and sensing of relevance to prostate cancer diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. A major advantage for the effective treatment of PCa is an early diagnosis that would provide information for an appropriate treatment. Several imaging techniques are being developed to diagnose and monitor different stages of cancer in general, and patient stratification is particularly relevant for PCa. Hybrid imaging techniques applicable for diagnosis combine complementary structural and morphological information to enhance resolution and sensitivity of imaging. The focus of this review is to sum up some of the most recent advances in the nanotechnological approaches to the sensing and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). Targeted imaging using nanoparticles, radiotracers and biomarkers could result to a more specialised and personalised diagnosis and treatment of PCa. A myriad of reports has been published literature proposing methods to detect and treat PCa using nanoparticles but the number of techniques approved for clinical use is relatively small. Another facet of this report is on reviewing aspects of the role of functional nanoparticles in multimodality imaging therapy considering recent developments in simultaneous PET-MRI (Positron Emission Tomography-Magnetic Resonance Imaging) coupled with optical imaging in vitro and in vivo, whilst highlighting feasible case studies that hold promise for the next generation of dual modality medical imaging of PCa. It is envisaged that progress in the field of imaging and sensing domains, taken together, could benefit from the biomedical implementation of new synthetic platforms such as metal complexes and functional materials supported on organic molecular species, which can be conjugated to targeting biomolecules and encompass adaptable and versatile molecular architectures. Furthermore, we include hereby an overview of aspects of biosensing methods aimed to tackle PCa: prostate biomarkers such as Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) have been incorporated into synthetic platforms and explored in the context of sensing and imaging applications in preclinical investigations for the early detection of PCa. Finally, some of the societal concerns around nanotechnology being used for the detection of PCa are considered and addressed together with the concerns about the toxicity of nanoparticles–these were aspects of recent lively debates that currently hamper the clinical advancements of nano-theranostics. The publications survey conducted for this review includes, to the best of our knowledge, some of the most recent relevant literature examples from the state-of-the-art. Highlighting these advances would be of interest to the biomedical research community aiming to advance the application of theranostics particularly in PCa diagnosis and treatment, but also to those interested in the development of new probes and methodologies for the simultaneous imaging and therapy monitoring employed for PCa targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Calatayud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department of Electroceramics, Instituto de Ceramica y Vidrio - CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Sofia I. Pascu, ; David G. Calatayud,
| | - Sotia Neophytou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Nicodemou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Haobo Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia I. Pascu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Centre of Therapeutic Innovations, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Sofia I. Pascu, ; David G. Calatayud,
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Macke AJ, Petrosyan A. Alcohol and Prostate Cancer: Time to Draw Conclusions. Biomolecules 2022; 12:375. [PMID: 35327568 PMCID: PMC8945566 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been a long-standing debate in the research and medical societies whether alcohol consumption is linked to the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Many comprehensive studies from different geographical areas and nationalities have shown that moderate and heavy drinking is positively correlated with the development of PCa. Nevertheless, some observations could not confirm that such a correlation exists; some even suggest that wine consumption could prevent or slow prostate tumor growth. Here, we have rigorously analyzed the evidence both for and against the role of alcohol in PCa development. We found that many of the epidemiological studies did not consider other, potentially critical, factors, including diet (especially, low intake of fish, vegetables and linoleic acid, and excessive use of red meat), smoking, family history of PCa, low physical activity, history of high sexual activities especially with early age of first intercourse, and sexually transmitted infections. In addition, discrepancies between observations come from selectivity criteria for control groups, questionnaires about the type and dosage of alcohol, and misreported alcohol consumption. The lifetime history of alcohol consumption is critical given that a prostate tumor is typically slow-growing; however, many epidemiological observations that show no association monitored only current or relatively recent drinking status. Nevertheless, the overall conclusion is that high alcohol intake, especially binge drinking, is associated with increased risk for PCa, and this effect is not limited to any type of beverage. Alcohol consumption is also directly linked to PCa lethality as it may accelerate the growth of prostate tumors and significantly shorten the time for the progression to metastatic PCa. Thus, we recommend immediately quitting alcohol for patients diagnosed with PCa. We discuss the features of alcohol metabolism in the prostate tissue and the damaging effect of ethanol metabolites on intracellular organization and trafficking. In addition, we review the impact of alcohol consumption on prostate-specific antigen level and the risk for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Lastly, we highlight the known mechanisms of alcohol interference in prostate carcinogenesis and the possible side effects of alcohol during androgen deprivation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Macke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Armen Petrosyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
- The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Nouri-Majd S, Salari-Moghaddam A, Aminianfar A, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh A. Association Between Red and Processed Meat Consumption and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:801722. [PMID: 35198587 PMCID: PMC8859108 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.801722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Debate on the potential carcinogenic effects of meat intake is open and the relationship between meat consumption and risk of prostate cancer remains uncertain. This meta-analysis was conducted to summarize earlier prospective studies on the association of meat consumption with risk of prostate cancer. Methods Relevant studies were identified by exploring PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases up to December 2020. Fixed-effects and random-effects meta-analyses were used for pooling the relative risks (RRs). Heterogeneity across studies was evaluated using the Q-statistic and I-square (I2). A funnel plot and Egger's test was used to detect publication bias. Linear and non-linear dose-response analyses were performed to estimate the dose-response relations between meat intake and risk of prostate cancer. Results Twenty-five prospective studies were included in this meta-analysis. Totally, 1,900,910 participants with 35,326 incident cases of prostate cancer were investigated. Pooling the eligible effect sizes, we observed that high consumption of processed meat might be associated with an increased risk of “total prostate cancer” (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.10; I2 = 1.5%, P = 0.43) and “advanced prostate cancer” (1.17; 1.09, 1.26; I2 = 58.8%, P = 0.01). However, the association between processed meat and “advanced prostate cancer” was not significant in the random-effects model: 1.12 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.29). A linear dose-response analysis indicated that an increment of 50 grams per day of processed meat intake might be related to a 4% greater risk of “total prostate cancer” (1.04; 1.00, 1.08; I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.51). “Total meat intake” was marginally associated with all outcomes of prostate cancer risk (1.04; 1.01, 1.07; I2 = 58.4%, P < 0.001). Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies indicated that increased consumption of “total meat” and “processed meat” might be associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=230824, identifier: CRD42021230824.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Nouri-Majd
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Salari-Moghaddam
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aminianfar
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
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de Freitas JS, de Oliveira Pedron ÉL, de Lima E Silva Aliprandi J, Laurentino GC, Gatti AL, Forones NM, de Cássia de Aquino R. The effect of chemotherapy on dietary intake and nutritional status in patients with colorectal neoplasms and the importance of nutritional counseling. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:3885-3891. [PMID: 35043217 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-06794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at assessing the effect of chemotherapy on dietary intake and nutritional status of patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS Observational, cross-sectional study conducted with 35 patients of both sexes, aged 50 years or older. Dietary intake was assessed four times: before (T0), twice during (T1 and T2), and after (TF) chemotherapy. Data on energy, macronutrients, and micronutrients were used for assessing dietary intake. Nutritional status was assessed on the first day and at the end of the chemotherapy cycle. The data were treated statistically using a 5% significance level. RESULTS The intake of energy, carbohydrates, lipids, selenium, and iron was lower after chemotherapy infusion (p < 0.05). Energy consumption decreased when comparing T0 (1419.8 ± 527.1 kcal) with T1 (1181.9 ± 423.2 kcal). Regarding macronutrients, carbohydrates and lipids showed a drop (p < 0.05), but there were no differences in protein intake, and it was observed that the consumption of food sources such as dairy was prioritized. In the analysis of vitamins and minerals, vitamins dropped but without a significant difference. There were significant differences between T1 and TF for iron (9.7 mg ± 4.5 mg and 12.0 ± 4.0 mg) and selenium (77.4 ± 29.7 µg and 93.6 ± 37.8 µg). There was no change in body composition and nutritional status between chemotherapy cycles. CONCLUSION The treatment reduced patients' food consumption after the chemotherapy session and impacted dietary intake, which demonstrates the importance of nutritional counseling and intervention, especially on energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Sillas de Freitas
- Graduate Program in the Science of Aging,, Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT) and Anima Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Érica Line de Oliveira Pedron
- Graduate Program in the Science of Aging,, Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT) and Anima Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gilberto Cândido Laurentino
- Graduate Program in the Science of Aging,, Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT) and Anima Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Gatti
- Graduate Program in the Science of Aging,, Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT) and Anima Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nora Manoukian Forones
- Oncology Division, Gastroenterology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia de Aquino
- Graduate Program in the Science of Aging,, Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT) and Anima Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Perri G, Mendonça N, Jagger C, Walsh J, Eastell R, Mathers JC, Hill TR. Dietary Selenium Intakes and Musculoskeletal Function in Very Old Adults: Analysis of the Newcastle 85+ Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2068. [PMID: 32664662 PMCID: PMC7400825 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Selenium is a trace element essential for health. Severe selenium deficiencies are associated with poor musculoskeletal (MSK) function. However, the effects of moderate deficiency on MSK function, especially in older adults, is unclear. Objectives: To determine the associations between selenium intake and MSK function in very old adults. Methods: Selenium intake at baseline and, hand-grip strength (HGS) and timed-up-and-go (TUG) at four phases over 5 years, were available in 791 participants in the Newcastle 85+ Study, a community-based, longitudinal cohort of ≥85 year old individuals. We investigated relationships between selenium intake and HGS and TUG in cross-sectional analyses at baseline using multivariate analyses and, prospectively using linear mixed models to explore HGS and TUG changes over 5 years in association with baseline selenium intake. Results: At baseline, 53% of participants had selenium intakes that were classified as low. These individuals had 2.80 kg lower HGS and were 2.30 s slower performing the TUG, cross-sectionally. In multivariate, baseline analyses, selenium intake had no significant impact on HGS or TUG. Selenium intake had no significant effect on MSK function, prospectively. Conclusion: Low selenium intake is common among very old adults and, in cross-sectional analyses, is associated with poorer MSK function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Perri
- The MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (J.W.); (R.E.); (J.C.M.); (T.R.H.)
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Nuno Mendonça
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- EpiDoC Unit, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NMS-UNL), 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carol Jagger
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK;
| | - Jennifer Walsh
- The MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (J.W.); (R.E.); (J.C.M.); (T.R.H.)
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
| | - Richard Eastell
- The MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (J.W.); (R.E.); (J.C.M.); (T.R.H.)
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
| | - John C. Mathers
- The MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (J.W.); (R.E.); (J.C.M.); (T.R.H.)
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Tom R. Hill
- The MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (J.W.); (R.E.); (J.C.M.); (T.R.H.)
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
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11
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Cano-Ibáñez N, Barrios-Rodríguez R, Lozano-Lorca M, Vázquez-Alonso F, Arrabal-Martín M, Triviño-Juárez JM, Salcedo-Bellido I, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, Olmedo-Requena R. Dietary Diversity and Prostate Cancer in a Spanish Adult Population: CAPLIFE Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061694. [PMID: 32517184 PMCID: PMC7352258 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary diversity (DD) is a key component of a high-quality diet, providing the adequate nutrient requirements. However, the role of DD on prostate cancer (PCa) is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between DD, adequate nutrient intake and PCa, according to the aggressiveness of the tumor. The CAPLIFE (CAP: prostate cancer; LIFE: lifestyles) study is a population-based case-control study including a total of 402 incident PCa cases and 302 controls. The DD score (DDS), adjusted by total energy intake, was collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Nutrient adequacy was defined according to European Dietary Recommendation Intake for men. The aggressiveness of PCa was determined according to the International Society of Urology Pathology classification. The association between DDS, nutrient intake and PCa was assessed by logistic regression models with adjustment for potential confounding factors. DDS was similar for PCa cases and controls, independent of PCa aggressiveness. According to each food group DDS, the protein group showed the highest mean score in all the subgroups analyzed. However, no differences were observed for each of the DDS components. The DDS, the variety of the group's food intake, and the adequate nutrient intake, were not associated with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Cano-Ibáñez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (N.C.-I.); (M.L.-L.); (I.S.-B.); (J.J.J.-M.)
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Rocío Barrios-Rodríguez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (N.C.-I.); (M.L.-L.); (I.S.-B.); (J.J.J.-M.)
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (R.B.-R.); (R.O.-R.); Tel.: +95-824-3543 (R.B.-R.)
| | - Macarena Lozano-Lorca
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (N.C.-I.); (M.L.-L.); (I.S.-B.); (J.J.J.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | | | - Miguel Arrabal-Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Urology Department, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Salcedo-Bellido
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (N.C.-I.); (M.L.-L.); (I.S.-B.); (J.J.J.-M.)
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - José Juan Jiménez-Moleón
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (N.C.-I.); (M.L.-L.); (I.S.-B.); (J.J.J.-M.)
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Rocío Olmedo-Requena
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (N.C.-I.); (M.L.-L.); (I.S.-B.); (J.J.J.-M.)
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (R.B.-R.); (R.O.-R.); Tel.: +95-824-3543 (R.B.-R.)
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12
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Tan BL, Norhaizan ME. Oxidative Stress, Diet and Prostate Cancer. World J Mens Health 2020; 39:195-207. [PMID: 32648373 PMCID: PMC7994655 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer has become the second leading cancer in men worldwide. Androgen plays an important role in normal functioning, development, and differentiation of the prostate, and thus is considered to be the most powerful candidate that mediates reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance in the prostate. The elevation of ROS has been associated with the progression and development of this disease. Conventional therapy has shown a high cure rate in patients with localized prostate cancer. Despite the patients respond favorably initially, this therapy fails to response in the advanced stage of the diseases even in the absence of androgens. Indeed, the onset and progression of prostate cancer could be prevented by changing dietary habits. Much information indicates that oxidative stress and prostate cancer can be modulated by dietary components rich in antioxidants. While there is substantial evidence to suggest an association between prostate cancer risk and ROS-mediated oxidative stress; therefore, the interactions and mechanisms of this phenomenon are worth to discuss further. This review aimed to discuss the mechanisms of action of oxidative stress involved in the progression of prostate cancer. We also highlighted how some of the vital dietary components dampen or exacerbate inflammation, oxidative stress, and prostate cancer. Overall, the reported information would provide a useful approach to the prevention of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Ling Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Esa Norhaizan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Research Centre of Excellent, Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases (NNCD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
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13
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Impact of the antifermentative diet during radiotherapy for prostate cancer in elderly, SÃO Paulo, Brazil. Support Care Cancer 2019; 28:2969-2975. [PMID: 31773273 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-05187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess the impact of the antifermentative diet on the dietary intake and body composition of elderly prostate cancer patients in radiotherapy. METHODS Observational and prospective study involving 45 men aged 60 years or older, receiving radiotherapy for prostate cancer treatment. The dietary intake was assessed at four times during radiotherapy: onset (TPre), between the 11th and 16th day (T1), between the 24th and 28th day (T2), and on the last day (TLast). The body composition was assessed before and on the last day of radiotherapy, by means of the body weight and height, mid-arm circumference, triceps and subscapular skin folds, phase angle, resistance, and reactance. The data were statistically treated, considering a 5% significance level. RESULTS The intake of energy, dietary fibers, and some nutrients decreased during the radiotherapy (p < 0.05). The intake of vitamins E, B1, B2, and folate, of the minerals calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and phosphorus, and of the amino acid leucine dropped when the four assessment times were compared (p < 0.05). As regards the body composition, an impact was observed at the end of the radiotherapy, with lower body weight, arm circumference, subscapular cutaneous fold, phase angle and reactance (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The antifermentative diet negatively influenced the food consumption and body composition of elderly patients submitted to radiotherapy for prostate cancer.
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14
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Shin J, Millstine D, Ruddy B, Wallace M, Fields H. Effect of Plant- and Animal-Based Foods on Prostate Cancer Risk. J Osteopath Med 2019; 119:2753613. [PMID: 31633743 DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2019.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Many studies have explored whether plant and animal-based food consumption is associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk, but there is much discordance. OBJECTIVE To perform an updated review of the literature that further investigates the association of plant- and animal-based food consumption with PCa risk. METHODS This review was conducted by using 3 databases and produced a total of 550 references. The search was limited to a publication date range of 2006 to February 2017, English language, and humans. After case reports, comments, letters, editorials, and duplicate references were removed, 297 citations remained for review. Articles that did not investigate the association of dietary patterns or a major component of diet with PCa were excluded. RESULTS Of the 297 references found, 47 were eligible for inclusion in this review. The authors identified 2 very large cohort studies (≥100,000 participants), 6 large cohort studies (≥40,000 participants), 11 medium cohort studies (≥10,000 participants), 10 small cohort studies (<10,000 participants), 13 case-control studies, 4 meta-analyses, and 1 population study investigating diet and PCa risk. Most studies showed that plant-based foods are associated with either decreased or unchanged risk of PCa, whereas animal-based foods, particularly dairy products, are associated with either increased or unchanged risk of PCa. CONCLUSION This review of the literature suggests that consumption of higher amounts of plant-based foods may be associated with decreased PCa risk, and consumption of higher amounts of dairy products may be associated with increased PCa risk.
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15
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Pal M, Hodge AM, Papa N, MacInnis RJ, Bassett JK, Bolton D, Davis ID, Millar J, English DR, Hopper JL, Severi G, Southey MC, Milne RL, Giles GG. Body size and dietary risk factors for aggressive prostate cancer: a case-control study. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:1301-1312. [PMID: 31552571 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diet and body size may affect the risk of aggressive prostate cancer (APC), but current evidence is inconclusive. METHODS A case-control study was conducted in men under 75 years of age recruited from urology practices in Victoria, Australia; 1,254 with APC and 818 controls for whom the presence of prostate cancer had been excluded by biopsy. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression estimated odds ratios and confidence intervals for hypothesized risk factors, adjusting for age, family history of prostate cancer, country of birth, socioeconomic status, smoking, and other dietary factors. RESULTS Positive associations with APC (odds ratio, 95% confidence intervals, highest vs. lowest category or quintile) were observed for body mass index (1.34, 1.02-1.78, Ptrend = 0.04), and trouser size (1.54, 1.17-2.04, Ptrend = 0.001). Intakes of milk and all dairy products were inversely associated with APC risk (0.71, 9.53-0.96, Ptrend = 0.05, and 0.64, 0.48-0.87, Ptrend = 0.012, respectively), but there was little evidence of an association with other dietary variables (Ptrend > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We confirmed previous evidence for a positive association between body size and risk of APC, and suggest that consumption of dairy products, and milk more specifically, is inversely associated with risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Pal
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Allison M Hodge
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nathan Papa
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert J MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie K Bassett
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Damien Bolton
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian D Davis
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeremy Millar
- Alfred Health Radiation Oncology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dallas R English
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP, Inserm U1018), Facultés de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UPS UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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16
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Nilsson LM, Winkvist A, Esberg A, Jansson JH, Wennberg P, van Guelpen B, Johansson I. Dairy Products and Cancer Risk in a Northern Sweden Population. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:409-420. [PMID: 31298944 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1637441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The role of dairy products in cancer is unclear. We assessed consumption of fermented milk, non-fermented milk, cheese, and butter, estimated from semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires, in relation to prospective risk of breast, prostate, colorectal, smoking-, and obesity-related cancers in 101,235 subjects, including 12,552 cancer cases, in the population-based Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. Most analyses (n = 20) rendered null results. In men, we observed an increased prostate cancer risk among high-consumers of cheese (hazard ratio (HR) for highest vs. lowest quintile (Q5-Q1), 1.11; 95% CI, 0.97-1.27; Ptrend = 0.013). In women, high-consumers of cheese had a decreased risk of overall cancer (HR Q5-Q1, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.88-1.04; Ptrend = 0.039), smoking-related (HR Q5-Q1, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.97; Ptrend ≤ 0.001), and colorectal cancers (HR Q5-Q1, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.63-1.07; Ptrend = 0.048). Butter yielded a weak decreased obesity-related cancer risk in women (HR Q5-Q1, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.81-1.02; Ptrend = 0.049). Fermented milk yielded HRs below zero in women, but with no clear linear associations. In conclusion, this study does not support any major adverse or beneficial effects of fermented milk, non-fermented milk, cheese, and butter in the diet from a cancer risk perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena M Nilsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Winkvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Esberg
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan-Håkan Jansson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Patrik Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bethany van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Johansson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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17
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López-Plaza B, Bermejo LM, Santurino C, Cavero-Redondo I, Álvarez-Bueno C, Gómez-Candela C. Milk and Dairy Product Consumption and Prostate Cancer Risk and Mortality: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:S212-S223. [PMID: 31089741 PMCID: PMC6518142 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk and dairy product consumption has been associated with an increase in prostate cancer risk; however, discrepancies have been observed in the literature. This first overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was carried out with the main objective of compiling and discussing the evidence generated to date related to milk and dairy product consumption and prostate cancer risk and mortality. A systematic search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Web of Science (from inception to 30 April 2018) was conducted. The inclusion criteria were as follows: adult men, meta-analyses of longitudinal studies, dairy product consumption, and risk of prostate cancer or related outcomes. The AMSTAR2 checklist was used to evaluate methodological quality. The synthesis methods included dairy product exposure (high compared with low consumption or dose-response), dairy product type (total dairy products, milk, cheese, yogurt, and others), and prostate cancer outcomes (total, nonadvanced, and advanced prostate cancer and mortality) displayed in forest plots. Six meta-analyses were identified. These studies reported on the analysis of the 2 to 32 cohorts (up to 848,395 subjects/38,107 cases; 4-28 y of follow-up) and 2 case-control meta-analyses (12,435 subjects). The meta-analysis quality was valued as mostly "good" according to the AMSTAR2 criteria. All RRs of high compared with low consumption (dose-response) for total prostate cancer ranged from 1.68 to 1.09 (1.07 per 400 g/d) for total dairy products, 1.50 to 0.92 (1.06 to 0.98 per 200 g/d) for milk (whole, low-fat, and skim milk considered separately), and 1.18 to 0.74 (1.10 per 50 g/d) for cheese. RRs have decreased since the first meta-analysis. Statistical heterogeneity generates uncertainty in the observed results (up to I2 = 77.1%). In conclusion, although there are some data indicating that higher consumption of dairy products could increase the risk of prostate cancer, the evidence is not consistent. This review was registered with PROSPERO as CRD42018094737.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura M Bermejo
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain,Address correspondence to LMB (e-mail: )
| | | | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Carmen Gómez-Candela
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain,La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain,University Autonoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Jeyaraman MM, Abou-Setta AM, Grant L, Farshidfar F, Copstein L, Lys J, Gottschalk T, Desautels D, Czaykowski P, Pitz M, Zarychanski R. Dairy product consumption and development of cancer: an overview of reviews. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e023625. [PMID: 30782711 PMCID: PMC6352799 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a comprehensive systematic overview of current evidence from pooled analyses/meta-analyses and systematic reviews (PMASRs) pertaining to dairy consumption and incident cancer and/or all-cause or cancer-specific mortality. DESIGN Overview of reviews. SETTING Community setting. PARTICIPANTS The unit of analysis is PMASRs. A total of 42 PMASRs was included in this overview of reviews. INTERVENTIONS/EXPOSURES Any dairy product consumption (eg, milk, yogurt, etc). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES MEASURES Primary outcome measure is development of any type of cancer. Secondary outcome measures are all-cause mortality and cancer-specific mortality. RESULTS From 9693 citations identified, we included 42 PMASRs (52 study reports) published between 1991 and 2017. Thirty-one (74%) of these was pooled analyses/meta analyses, and only 11 (26%) were systematic reviews and meta-analyses. There was a wide variability in the type of study designs included within the other PMASRs, thus contributing to variable and, in instances, divergent estimates of cancer risk for several cancer subtypes. For example, only one systematic review and meta-analysis exclusively included prospective study designs. Most PMASRs were of low to moderate quality based on the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) scores. The median AMSTAR score was 5 (IQR 2-7). Our overview identified conflicting evidence from PMASRs on association between dairy consumption and incident cancers or mortality. Heterogeneity in summary estimates reflected the inclusion of variable study designs and overall low methodological quality of individual PMASRs. CONCLUSIONS The association between dairy consumption and cancer risk has been explored in PMASRs with a variety of study designs and of low to moderate quality. To fully characterise valid associations between dairy consumption and risk of cancer and/or mortality rigorously conducted, PMASRs including only high-quality prospective study designs are required. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42017078463.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya M Jeyaraman
- The George & Fay Yee Center for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ahmed M Abou-Setta
- The George & Fay Yee Center for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Laurel Grant
- Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Farnaz Farshidfar
- The George & Fay Yee Center for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Leslie Copstein
- The George & Fay Yee Center for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Justin Lys
- The George & Fay Yee Center for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tania Gottschalk
- Neil John Maclean Health Sciences Library, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Danielle Desautels
- Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Piotr Czaykowski
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Marshall Pitz
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ryan Zarychanski
- The George & Fay Yee Center for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba and CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Reed D, Raina K, Agarwal R. Nutraceuticals in prostate cancer therapeutic strategies and their neo-adjuvant use in diverse populations. NPJ Precis Oncol 2018; 2:15. [PMID: 30062144 PMCID: PMC6060229 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-018-0058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and second leading cause of cancer mortality in American males. Notably, men of African descent in the United States and Caribbean have the highest PCa mortality rates compared to men with European ancestry. Although current therapeutics are quite potent and effective, disease resistance, progression to metastasis, therapy-associated toxicities and efficacy-related issues in diverse populations develop over time. Thus, non-toxic and efficacious therapeutic strategies are needed to address these major obstacles for the clinical treatment and management of PCa. In this regard, preclinical and population-based efficacy studies have shown the potential of natural non-toxic nutraceuticals as potent anti-PCa agents. Accordingly, the implementation of nutraceutical intervention and genetic testing in diverse populations might aid in the development and design of precision medicine strategies to reduce the burden of chemotherapy-associated toxicities, suppress disease resistance, and treat both localized and advanced PCa. Consequently, additional large-scale and inclusive clinical studies are required to fully assess efficacy and therapeutic limitations of these agents in PCa. This review discusses the most current clinical research on selected nutraceutical agents and their efficacy in the context of clinico-pathological outcomes and disease susceptibility in diverse PCa clinical and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Reed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
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Mao Y, Tie Y, Du J. Association between dietary protein intake and prostate cancer risk: evidence from a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2018; 16:152. [PMID: 30041648 PMCID: PMC6058353 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-018-1452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies were conducted to explore the relationship between dietary protein intake and risk of prostate cancer, obtaining inconsistent results. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively explore the predicted role of dietary protein intake for risk of prostate cancer. Methods Databases of Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang Med Online were searched up to August 30, 2017. Eligible studies were included based on our definite inclusion criteria. Summarized relative risk (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled with a random effects model. Sensitive analysis and publication bias were performed. Results At the end, a total of 12 articles comprising 13,483 prostate cancer cases and 286,245 participants were included. The summary RR and 95%CI of the highest protein intake compared to those with the lowest protein intake on prostate cancer risk were 0.993 (95%CI = 0.930–1.061), with no between-study heterogeneity found (I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.656). Moreover, the association was not significant on prostate cancer risk with animal protein intake [RR = 1.001, 95%CI = 0.917–1.092] or vegetable protein intake [RR = 0.986, 95%CI = 0.904–1.076]. The results were not changed when we conducted subgroup analysis by study design, cancer type, or geographic locations. We did not detect any publication bias using Egger’s test (P = 0.296) and funnel plot. Conclusion Our study concluded that protein intake may be not associated on prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Mao
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Tie
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jing Du
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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Açıkgöz A, Çımrın D, Ergör G. Meme, prostat, kolorektal ve akciğer kanserlerinde çevresel risk faktörleri ve risk düzeylerinin belirlenmesi: olgu-kontrol çalışması. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.345233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Fan LL, Su HX, Gu XJ, Chen YH, Nan CJ. Carbohydrate intake and the risk of prostate cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 484:60-71. [PMID: 29778541 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading cause cancer among men worldwide. Many epidemiologic studies have reported an association between carbohydrate intake and PCa. However, the evidence from epidemiologic studies is inconsistent. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to explore the associations between carbohydrate intake and PCa risk and to investigate potential dose-response relationships. METHODS We searched PubMed and EMBASE for studies published from 1980 to 2018. 21 studies were included with 98,739 participants and 11,573 cases. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using random-effect models. Potential dose-response relationships were evaluated for PCa risk. RESULTS We did not detect an association about higher carbohydrate intake and PCa risk (OR:1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98-1. 26, I2 = 62.7%), nor association was detected about higher carbohydrate intake with advanced PCa risk (OR:0.95, 95% CI: 0.78-1.16, I2 = 14.1%) or non-advanced Pca risk (OR:1.01, 95% CI: 0.79-1.29, I2 = 64.4%). There was not a significant dose-response association observed for carbohydrate intake with PCa risk and advanced PCa risk. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis shows no association between carbohydrate intake and prostate cancer risk. Nor is association detected about carbohydrate intake with advanced or non-advanced Pca risk. More studies are needed for a further dose-response meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Lai Fan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Hong Xia Su
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xi Jie Gu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Ying He Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China.
| | - Cun Jin Nan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China.
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Vinceti M, Filippini T, Del Giovane C, Dennert G, Zwahlen M, Brinkman M, Zeegers MPA, Horneber M, D'Amico R, Crespi CM. Selenium for preventing cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 1:CD005195. [PMID: 29376219 PMCID: PMC6491296 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005195.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review is the third update of the Cochrane review "Selenium for preventing cancer". Selenium is a naturally occurring element with both nutritional and toxicological properties. Higher selenium exposure and selenium supplements have been suggested to protect against several types of cancer. OBJECTIVES To gather and present evidence needed to address two research questions:1. What is the aetiological relationship between selenium exposure and cancer risk in humans?2. Describe the efficacy of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in humans. SEARCH METHODS We updated electronic searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2017, Issue 2), MEDLINE (Ovid, 2013 to January 2017, week 4), and Embase (2013 to 2017, week 6), as well as searches of clinical trial registries. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and longitudinal observational studies that enrolled adult participants. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We performed random-effects (RE) meta-analyses when two or more RCTs were available for a specific outcome. We conducted RE meta-analyses when five or more observational studies were available for a specific outcome. We assessed risk of bias in RCTs and in observational studies using Cochrane's risk assessment tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, respectively. We considered in the primary analysis data pooled from RCTs with low risk of bias. We assessed the certainty of evidence by using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS We included 83 studies in this updated review: two additional RCTs (10 in total) and a few additional trial reports for previously included studies. RCTs involved 27,232 participants allocated to either selenium supplements or placebo. For analyses of RCTs with low risk of bias, the summary risk ratio (RR) for any cancer incidence was 1.01 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93 to 1.10; 3 studies, 19,475 participants; high-certainty evidence). The RR for estimated cancer mortality was 1.02 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.30; 1 study, 17,444 participants). For the most frequently investigated site-specific cancers, investigators provided little evidence of any effect of selenium supplementation. Two RCTs with 19,009 participants indicated that colorectal cancer was unaffected by selenium administration (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.43), as were non-melanoma skin cancer (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.30 to 4.42; 2 studies, 2027 participants), lung cancer (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.50; 2 studies, 19,009 participants), breast cancer (RR 2.04, 95% CI 0.44 to 9.55; 1 study, 802 participants), bladder cancer (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.52; 2 studies, 19,009 participants), and prostate cancer (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.14; 4 studies, 18,942 participants). Certainty of the evidence was high for all of these cancer sites, except for breast cancer, which was of moderate certainty owing to imprecision, and non-melanoma skin cancer, which we judged as moderate certainty owing to high heterogeneity. RCTs with low risk of bias suggested increased melanoma risk.Results for most outcomes were similar when we included all RCTs in the meta-analysis, regardless of risk of bias. Selenium supplementation did not reduce overall cancer incidence (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.14; 5 studies, 21,860 participants) nor mortality (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.32; 2 studies, 18,698 participants). Summary RRs for site-specific cancers showed limited changes compared with estimates from high-quality studies alone, except for liver cancer, for which results were reversed.In the largest trial, the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Trial, selenium supplementation increased risks of alopecia and dermatitis, and for participants with highest background selenium status, supplementation also increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer. RCTs showed a slightly increased risk of type 2 diabetes associated with supplementation. A hypothesis generated by the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial - that individuals with low blood selenium levels could reduce their risk of cancer (particularly prostate cancer) by increasing selenium intake - has not been confirmed. As RCT participants have been overwhelmingly male (88%), we could not assess the potential influence of sex or gender.We included 15 additional observational cohort studies (70 in total; over 2,360,000 participants). We found that lower cancer incidence (summary odds ratio (OR) 0.72, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.93; 7 studies, 76,239 participants) and lower cancer mortality (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.97; 7 studies, 183,863 participants) were associated with the highest category of selenium exposure compared with the lowest. Cancer incidence was lower in men (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.14, 4 studies, 29,365 men) than in women (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.77, 2 studies, 18,244 women). Data show a decrease in risk of site-specific cancers for stomach, colorectal, lung, breast, bladder, and prostate cancers. However, these studies have major weaknesses due to study design, exposure misclassification, and potential unmeasured confounding due to lifestyle or nutritional factors covarying with selenium exposure beyond those taken into account in multi-variable analyses. In addition, no evidence of a dose-response relation between selenium status and cancer risk emerged. Certainty of evidence was very low for each outcome. Some studies suggested that genetic factors might modify the relation between selenium and cancer risk - an issue that merits further investigation. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Well-designed and well-conducted RCTs have shown no beneficial effect of selenium supplements in reducing cancer risk (high certainty of evidence). Some RCTs have raised concerns by reporting a higher incidence of high-grade prostate cancer and type 2 diabetes in participants with selenium supplementation. No clear evidence of an influence of baseline participant selenium status on outcomes has emerged in these studies.Observational longitudinal studies have shown an inverse association between selenium exposure and risk of some cancer types, but null and direct relations have also been reported, and no systematic pattern suggesting dose-response relations has emerged. These studies suffer from limitations inherent to the observational design, including exposure misclassification and unmeasured confounding.Overall, there is no evidence to suggest that increasing selenium intake through diet or supplementation prevents cancer in humans. However, more research is needed to assess whether selenium may modify the risk of cancer in individuals with a specific genetic background or nutritional status, and to investigate possible differential effects of various forms of selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vinceti
- Boston University School of Public HealthDepartment of Epidemiology715 Albany StreetBoston, MAUSA02118
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaResearch Center in Environmental, Nutritional and Genetic Epidemiology (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural SciencesVia Campi 287ModenaItaly41125
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaResearch Center in Environmental, Nutritional and Genetic Epidemiology (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural SciencesVia Campi 287ModenaItaly41125
| | - Cinzia Del Giovane
- University of BernInstitute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM)Gesellschaftsstrasse 49BernSwitzerland3012
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaCochrane Italy, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health MedicineVia del Pozzo, 71ModenaItaly41100
| | - Gabriele Dennert
- University of Applied Sciences DortmundSocial Medicine and Public Health with Focus on Gender and Diversity, Department of Applied Social SciencesEmil‐Figge‐Str. 44DortmundGermanyD‐44227
| | - Marcel Zwahlen
- University of BernInstitute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM)Finkelhubelweg11BernSwitzerland3012
| | - Maree Brinkman
- Nutrition Biomed Research InstituteDepartment of Nutritional Epidemiology and Clinical StudiesArgyle Place SouthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia3053
- Chairgroup of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Care and Public Health Research InstituteUnit of Nutritional and Cancer EpidemiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtNetherlands
| | | | - Markus Horneber
- Paracelsus Medical University, Klinikum NurembergDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology and HematologyProf.‐Ernst‐Nathan‐Str. 1NurembergGermanyD‐90419
| | - Roberto D'Amico
- University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaCochrane Italy, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health MedicineVia del Pozzo, 71ModenaItaly41100
| | - Catherine M Crespi
- University of California Los AngelesBiostatisticsFielding School of Public Health650 Charles Young Drive South, A2‐125 CHS, Box 956900Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA90095‐6900
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Booth GC, Zhang Z, Shannon J, Bobe G, Takata Y. Calcium Intake and Cancer Risk: Current Evidence and Future Research Directions. Curr Nutr Rep 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-017-0193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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