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Yamamura T, Tamura K, Kobayashi D, Inaji M, Toyama Y, Wakimoto H, Kiyokawa J, Hara S, Tanaka Y, Nariai T, Shimizu K, Ishii K, Maehara T. Loss of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase immunoreactivity correlates with poor prognosis and elevated uptake of 11C-methionine in IDH-mutant astrocytoma. J Neurooncol 2024:10.1007/s11060-024-04661-y. [PMID: 38557927 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The proximate localization of MTAP, which encodes methylthioadenosine phosphorylase, and CDKN2A/B on Chromosome 9q21 has allowed the loss of MTAP expression as a surrogate for homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/B. This study aimed to determine whether MTAP status correlates with clinical outcomes and 11C-methionine uptake in astrocytomas with IDH mutations. METHODS We conducted immunohistochemistry for MTAP in 30 patients with astrocytoma, IDH-mutant who underwent 11C-methionine positron emission tomography scans prior to surgical resection. The tumor-to-normal (T/N) ratio of 11C-methionine uptake was calculated using the mean standardized uptake value (SUV) for tumor and normal brain tissues. Cox regression analysis was used for multivariate survival analysis. RESULTS Among IDH-mutant astrocytomas, 26.7% (8/30) exhibited the loss of cytoplasmic MTAP expression, whereas 73.3% (22/30) tumors retained MTAP expression. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly shorter in patients with MTAP loss than those with MTAP retention (1.88 years vs. 6.80 years, p = 0.003). The median overall survival (OS) was also shorter in patients with MTAP loss than in MTAP-retaining counterparts (5.23 years vs. 10.69 years, p = 0.019). Multivariate analysis identified MTAP status (hazard ratio (HR), 0.081) and extent of resection (HR, 0.104) as independent prognostic factors for PFS. Astrocytomas lacking cytoplasmic MTAP expression showed a significantly higher median T/N ratio for 11C-methionine uptake than tumors retaining MTAP (2.12 vs. 1.65, p = 0.012). CONCLUSION Our study revealed that the loss of MTAP expression correlates with poor prognosis and an elevated T/N ratio of 11C-methionine uptake in astrocytoma, IDH-mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Yamamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Motoki Inaji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yuka Toyama
- Department of Human Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Juri Kiyokawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shoko Hara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yoji Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nariai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Shimizu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishii
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Maehara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
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Okuyama K, Suzuki K, Yanamoto S. Relationship between Tumor Budding and Partial Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041111. [PMID: 36831453 PMCID: PMC9953904 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor budding (TB), a microscopic finding in the stroma ahead of the invasive fronts of tumors, has been well investigated and reported as a prognostic marker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial step in tumor progression and metastasis, and its status cannot be distinguished from TB. The current understanding of partial EMT (p-EMT), the so-called halfway step of EMT, focuses on the tumor microenvironment (TME). Although this evidence has been investigated, the clinicopathological and biological relationship between TB and p-EMT remains debatable. At the invasion front, previous research suggested that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are important for tumor progression, metastasis, p-EMT, and TB formation in the TME. Although there is biological evidence of TB drivers, no report has focused on their organized functional relationships. Understanding the mechanism of TB onset and the relationship between p-EMTs may facilitate the development of novel diagnostic and prognostic methods, and targeted therapies for the prevention of metastasis in epithelial cancer. Thus far, major pieces of evidence have been established from colorectal cancer (CRC), due to a large number of patients with the disease. Herein, we review the current understanding of p-EMT and TME dynamics and discuss the relationship between TB development and p-EMT, focusing on CAFs, hypoxia, tumor-associated macrophages, laminin-integrin crosstalk, membrane stiffness, enzymes, and viral infections in cancers, and clarify the gap of evidence between HNSCC and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Okuyama
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, 1600 Huron Pathway, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: or
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Souichi Yanamoto
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Ren Y, He S, Feng S, Yang W. A Prognostic Model for Colon Adenocarcinoma Patients Based on Ten Amino Acid Metabolism Related Genes. Front Public Health 2022; 10:916364. [PMID: 35712285 PMCID: PMC9197389 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.916364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amino acid metabolism plays a vital role in cancer biology. However, the application of amino acid metabolism in the prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) has not yet been explored. Here, we construct an amino acid metabolism-related risk model to predict the survival outcome of COAD and improve clinical decision making. Methods The RNA-sequencing-based transcriptome for 524 patients with COAD from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was selected as a training set. The integrated Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset with 1,430 colon cancer samples was used for validation. Differential expression of amino acid metabolism-related genes (AAMRGs) was identified for prognostic gene selection. Univariate cox regression analysis, LASSO-penalized Cox regression analysis, and multivariate Cox regression analysis were applied to construct a prognostic risk model. Moreover, the correlation between risk score and microsatellite instability, immunotherapy response, and drug sensitivity were analyzed. Results A prognostic signature was constructed based on 10 AAMRGs, including ASPG, DUOX1, GAMT, GSR, MAT1A, MTAP, PSMD12, RIMKLB, RPL3L, and RPS17. Patients with COAD were divided into high-risk and low-risk group based on the medianrisk score. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that AAMRG-related signature was an independent risk factor for COAD. Moreover, COAD patients in the low-risk group were more sensitive to immunotherapy targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4. Conclusion Our study constructed a prognostic signature based on 10 AAMRGs, which could be used to build a novel prognosis model and identify potential drug candidates for the treatment of COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzi Ren
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangwen He
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyang Feng
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Amano Y, Matsubara D, Kihara A, Nishino H, Mori Y, Niki T. Expression and localisation of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their significance in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Pathology 2021; 54:294-301. [PMID: 34518040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the methionine salvage pathway, which recycles one carbon unit that is lost during polyamine synthesis back into the methionine cycle. Although MTAP deficiency has been reported in various tumours, MTAP is overexpressed and might promote oncogenesis in other cancers, including prostate and colon cancer. Currently, little is known about the MTAP status of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we immunohistochemically examined the expression of MTAP in surgically resected oral epithelial dysplasia (OED, n=7), carcinoma in situ (CIS) (n=16), and OSCC (n=118). In the normal epithelium, MTAP was only weakly expressed in the cytoplasm of the basal layer cells. In OED, CIS, and OSCC, MTAP was uniformly expressed in the cytoplasm of the dysplastic and cancer cells. In addition to cytoplasmic MTAP expression, 45 of 118 cases (38.1%) exhibited increased nuclear expression of MTAP in the cancer cells at the invasive front. Statistical analysis showed that the concomitant nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of MTAP was associated with a high budding score (p=0.0023); poor differentiation (p=0.0044); aggressive invasion patterns (p=0.0001); and features of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), such as loss of E-cadherin expression (p=0.0003) and upregulated expression of vimentin (p=0.0002), slug (p=0.0002), and laminin 5 (p<0.0001). High expression of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 or 5, the functions of which are reported to be inhibited in MTAP-deficient cancer, was associated with the concomitant nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of MTAP (p<0.0001). Concomitant nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of MTAP was marginally significantly associated with worse 5-year relapse-free survival (p=0.045). These findings suggest that MTAP not only plays a role in the oncogenesis of OSCC, but that it might also make it more aggressive by inducing EMT through its activity in the methionine salvage pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Amano
- Department of Integrative Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Matsubara
- Department of Integrative Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kihara
- Department of Integrative Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishino
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mori
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Toshiro Niki
- Department of Integrative Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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5
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Satomi K, Ohno M, Matsushita Y, Takahashi M, Miyakita Y, Narita Y, Ichimura K, Yoshida A. Utility of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase immunohistochemical deficiency as a surrogate for CDKN2A homozygous deletion in the assessment of adult-type infiltrating astrocytoma. Mod Pathol 2021; 34:688-700. [PMID: 33077924 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-00701-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Homozygous deletion (HD) of CDKN2A is one of the most promising biomarkers for predicting poor prognosis of IDH-mutant diffuse gliomas. The Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy (cIMPACT-NOW) recommendations propose that IDH-mutant lower-grade astrocytomas with CDKN2A/B HD be classified as grade IV tumors. Loss of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) immunohistochemistry staining has been proposed as a surrogate of CDKN2A HD in various tumors but its performance has not been fully investigated in diffuse glioma. This study determined whether MTAP immunoreactivity could serve as a proxy for CDKN2A HD in adult-type diffuse glioma, thereby contributing to stratifying patient outcome. MTAP immunohistochemistry staining using clone EPR6893 was scored in 178 diffuse glioma specimens consisting of 77 IDH-mutant astrocytomas, 13 IDH-mutant oligodendrogliomas, and 88 IDH-wildtype glioblastomas. The use of MTAP immunohistochemical deficiency to predict CDKN2A HD was good for IDH-mutant astrocytomas (sensitivity, 88%; specificity, 98%) and IDH-wildtype glioblastomas (sensitivity, 89%; specificity, 100%), but poor for IDH-mutant oligodendrogliomas (sensitivity, 67%; specificity, 57%). Both CDKN2A HD and MTAP immunohistochemical deficiency were significant adverse prognostic factors of overall survival for IDH-mutant astrocytoma (P < 0.001 each), but neither were prognostically significant for oligodendroglioma or IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. IDH-mutant lower-grade astrocytoma with CDKN2A HD and deficient MTAP immunoreactivity exhibited overlapping unfavorable outcome with IDH-mutant glioblastoma. MTAP immunostaining was easily interpreted in 61% of the cases tested, but scoring required greater care in the remaining cases. An alternative MTAP antibody clone (2G4) produced identical scoring results in all but 1 case, and a slightly larger proportion (66%) of cases were considered easy to interpret compared to using EPR6893. In summary, loss of MTAP immunoreactivity could serve as a reasonable predictive surrogate for CDKN2A HD in IDH-mutant astrocytomas and IDH-wildtype glioblastomas and could provide significant prognostic value for IDH-mutant astrocytoma, comparable to CDKN2A HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaishi Satomi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Makoto Ohno
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuko Matsushita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masamichi Takahashi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuji Miyakita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Narita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan. .,Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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6
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Henrich FC, Singer K, Poller K, Bernhardt L, Strobl CD, Limm K, Ritter AP, Gottfried E, Völkl S, Jacobs B, Peter K, Mougiakakos D, Dettmer K, Oefner PJ, Bosserhoff AK, Kreutz MP, Aigner M, Mackensen A. Suppressive effects of tumor cell-derived 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine on human T cells. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1184802. [PMID: 27622058 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1184802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment represents one of the main obstacles for immunotherapy of cancer. The tumor milieu is among others shaped by tumor metabolites such as 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA). Increased intratumoral MTA levels result from a lack of the MTA-catabolizing enzyme methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) in tumor cells and are found in various tumor entities. Here, we demonstrate that MTA suppresses proliferation, activation, differentiation, and effector function of antigen-specific T cells without eliciting cell death. Conversely, if MTA is added to highly activated T cells, MTA exerts cytotoxic effects on T cells. We identified the Akt pathway, a critical signal pathway for T cell activation, as a target of MTA, while, for example, p38 remained unaffected. Next, we provide evidence that MTA exerts its immunosuppressive effects by interfering with protein methylation in T cells. To confirm the relevance of the suppressive effects of exogenously added MTA on human T cells, we used an MTAP-deficient tumor cell-line that was stably transfected with the MTAP-coding sequence. We observed that T cells stimulated with MTAP-transfected tumor cells revealed a higher proliferative capacity compared to T cells stimulated with Mock-transfected cells. In conclusion, our findings reveal a novel immune evasion strategy of human tumor cells that could be of interest for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik C Henrich
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Singer
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Poller
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luise Bernhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolin D Strobl
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Limm
- Institute of Biochemistry - Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Axel P Ritter
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg , Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Gottfried
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg , Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Völkl
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Jacobs
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospital, Oslo, Norway; The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrin Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg , Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katja Dettmer
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg , Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter J Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg , Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja-Katrin Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry - Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marina P Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg , Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Aigner
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen , Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen , Erlangen, Germany
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Loss of anterior gradient-2 expression is an independent prognostic factor in colorectal carcinomas. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:1722-1730. [PMID: 24794000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The human Anterior Gradient-2 (AGR2) protein is strongly expressed in various human cancers, and it has been described to promote aggressive tumour features in some entities. So far, a comprehensive analysis of AGR2 expression in colorectal carcinomas has not been described. METHODS Normal intestinal cells and colorectal carcinoma cell lines were analysed for AGR2 expression. AGR2 protein expression was immunohistochemically analysed in 28 normal tissue samples and 1068 tissue samples of clinically well characterised colorectal carcinomas. For statistical analysis, chi square test, spearman rank correlations, Kaplan-Meier estimates (Log rank test) and Cox regression were applied to test for diagnostic or prognostic associations. RESULTS In the normal intestinal cell line and in normal colon mucosa AGR2 was found in all cases (n=28). In contrast, loss of AGR2 was found in all six analysed colorectal cancer cell lines and in 833/1068 (78%) of the colorectal carcinoma tissue samples analysed, and it was significantly associated with a higher tumour grade and tumour localisation in the left-sided colon. In addition to the conventional prognostic tumour parameters pT category, nodal status, metastasis and histological tumour grade the loss of AGR2 expression was significantly associated with reduced overall survival times in univariate and multivariate analyses, thus suggesting AGR2 as an independent prognostic factor in primary colorectal carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS AGR2 is frequently lost in colorectal carcinomas and might be a novel independent prognostic factor for overall patient survival.
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Expression and function of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase in chronic liver disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80703. [PMID: 24324622 PMCID: PMC3855635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To study expression and function of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), the rate-limiting enzyme in the methionine and adenine salvage pathway, in chronic liver disease.
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Teh AH, Symonds E, Bull C, Clifton P, Fenech M. The influence of folate and methionine on intestinal tumour development in the Apc(Min/+) mouse model. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2012; 751:64-75. [PMID: 22627043 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Folate and methionine are critical for one-carbon metabolism impacting DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation processes, as well as polyamine synthesis. These micronutrients have been implicated in colorectal cancer risk. There are, however, inconsistencies within the literature, with some studies showing restriction to have tumour-inhibitory effects, whereas others suggest excess to have adverse outcomes. We conducted a review of the published data to examine the accumulated evidence for involvement of dietary folate and/or methionine restriction or excess in intestinal tumour development in the Apc(Min/+) mouse model, which is genetically prone to develop such cancers. Thirteen publications were selected for evaluation based on the following inclusion criteria: (i) use of Apc(Min/+) mouse model; (ii) interventions using dietary folate and/or methionine; and (iii) primary outcome measures focused on intestinal tumour development. We found that nutritional modulation of folate and methionine was shown to have different effects on intestinal cancer in the Apc(Min/+) mouse, depending on the dosage, duration and timing of intervention, and interaction of the Apc(Min/+) genotype with other genetic factors affecting folate and DNA methylation metabolism. Although some studies showed that folate deficiency before tumorigenesis tended to increase risk of tumour formation, there are inconsistencies regarding whether excess folate post-weaning or after tumour initiation increases intestinal tumour burden. Altogether, the pooled data do not appear to indicate a difference in effect on intestinal tumour incidence between post-weaning diets that are folate deficient or folate adequate. The Apc(Min/+) mouse is a useful model for assessment of the impact of dietary folate on intestinal tumour development, but further research is required to understand the reasons for these inconsistencies amongst studies based on likely mechanisms, including modulation of nucleotide synthesis, DNA methylation, and chromosomal instability, which may affect the rate of cellular division and its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnida Hani Teh
- CSIRO Food & Nutritional Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty of Science & Technology, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
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10
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Li TWH, Yang H, Peng H, Xia M, Mato JM, Lu SC. Effects of S-adenosylmethionine and methylthioadenosine on inflammation-induced colon cancer in mice. Carcinogenesis 2011; 33:427-35. [PMID: 22159228 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is an underlying risk factor for colon cancer. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) plays a critical role in the development of inflammation-induced colon cancer in a mouse model. S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) and its metabolite methylthioadenosine (MTA) can inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α expression in macrophages. The aim of this work was to examine whether SAMe and MTA are effective in preventing inflammation-induced colon cancer and if so identify signaling pathways affected. Balb/c mice were treated with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium to induce colon cancer. Two days after AOM treatment, mice were divided into three groups: vehicle control, SAMe or MTA. Tumor load, histology, immunohistochemistry, gene and protein expression were determined. SAMe and MTA treatment reduced tumor load by ∼40%. Both treatments raised SAMe and MTA levels but MTA also raised S-adenosylhomocysteine levels. MTA treatment prevented the induction of many genes known to play pathogenetic roles in this model except for TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). SAMe also had no effect on TNF-α or iNOS and was less inhibitory than MTA on the other genes. In vivo, both treatments induced apoptosis but inhibited proliferation, β-catenin, nuclear factor kappa B activation and interleukin (IL) 6 signaling. Effect of SAMe and MTA on IL-6 signaling was examined using Colo 205 colon cancer cells. In these cells, SAMe and MTA inhibited IL-6-induced IL-10 expression. MTA also inhibited IL-10 transcription and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation. In conclusion, SAMe and MTA reduced inflammation-induced colon cancer and inhibited several pathways important in colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony W H Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, University of Southern California Research Center for Liver Diseases, University of Southern California-University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Cole AM, Ridgway RA, Derkits SE, Parry L, Barker N, Clevers H, Clarke AR, Sansom OJ. p21 loss blocks senescence following Apc loss and provokes tumourigenesis in the renal but not the intestinal epithelium. EMBO Mol Med 2010; 2:472-86. [PMID: 20976827 PMCID: PMC3394507 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence has been implicated as an important mechanism of tumour suppression in a number of human malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, we still have a relatively poor understanding of how the underlying mutations that occur in cancer cause senescence and its relevance in vivo. The Apc gene is mutated in approximately 80% of CRC as the initiating event, but rarely elsewhere. In this study we have examined the capacity of Apc loss to induce senescence in the intestinal epithelium compared to the renal epithelium. Within the renal epithelium, loss of Apc function led to an induction of senescence, however, bypassing senescence through combined Apc and p21 or Ink4A gene deletion rapidly initiated renal carcinoma. Within the intestinal epithelium, loss of Apc did not induce senescence. Moreover, combined Apc and p21 or Ink4A loss had no impact upon tumourigenesis. Taken together, these results show that Apc loss in vivo invokes a senescence program in a context-dependent fashion, and implies senescence may play a key barrier to tumourigenesis in the kidney. However, in CRC, escape from senescence is likely to only be a barrier in cancers initiated by other mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lee Parry
- School of Biosciences, University of CardiffCardiff, UK
| | - Nick Barker
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, University Medical Centre UtrechtUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alan R Clarke
- School of Biosciences, University of CardiffCardiff, UK
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Stevens AP, Spangler B, Wallner S, Kreutz M, Dettmer K, Oefner PJ, Bosserhoff AK. Direct and tumor microenvironment mediated influences of 5'-deoxy-5'-(methylthio)adenosine on tumor progression of malignant melanoma. J Cell Biochem 2009; 106:210-9. [PMID: 19097084 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that a loss of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) gene expression exerts a tumor-promoting effect, including induction of invasiveness, enhanced cell proliferation, and resistance against cytokines. To date, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown. Since the loss of MTAP expression resulted in induced secretion of 5'-deoxy-5'-(methylthio)adenosine (MTA), we hypothesized that MTA might modulate the observed effects. We first determined MTA levels produced by tumor cells in vitro and in situ by means of stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Subsequently, we revealed induction of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and growth factor gene expression in melanoma cells accompanied by enhanced invasion and vasculogenic mimicry. In addition, MTA induced the secretion of basis fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and MMP3 from fibroblasts and the upregulation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity in melanoma cells and fibroblasts. In summary, we demonstrated a tumor-supporting role of MTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel P Stevens
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg Medical School, Josef-Engert-Str. 9, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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13
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Flanagan JM, Funes JM, Henderson S, Wild L, Carey N, Boshoff C. Genomics screen in transformed stem cells reveals RNASEH2A, PPAP2C, and ADARB1 as putative anticancer drug targets. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:249-60. [PMID: 19139135 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since the sequencing of the human genome, recent efforts in cancer drug target discovery have focused more on the identification of novel functions of known genes and the development of more appropriate tumor models. In the present study, we investigated in vitro transformed human adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to identify novel candidate cancer drug targets by analyzing the transcriptional profile of known enzymes compared with non-transformed MSC. The identified enzymes were compared with published cancer gene expression data sets. Surprisingly, the majority of up-regulated enzymes are already known cancer drug targets or act within known druggable pathways. Only three enzymes (RNASEH2A, ADARB1, and PPAP2C) are potentially novel targets that are up-regulated in transformed MSC and expressed in numerous carcinomas and sarcomas. We confirmed the overexpression of RNASEH2A, PPAP2C, and ADARB1 in transformed MSC, transformed fibroblasts, and cancer cell lines MCF7, SK-LMS1, MG63, and U2OS. In functional assays, we show that small interfering RNA knockdown of RNASEH2A inhibits anchorage-independent growth but does not alter in vitro proliferation of cancer cell lines, normal MSC, or normal fibroblasts. Knockdown of PPAP2C impaired anchorage-dependent in vitro growth of cancer cell lines and impaired the in vitro growth of primary MSC but not differentiated human fibroblasts. We show that the knockdown of PPAP2C decreases cell proliferation by delaying entry into S phase of the cell cycle and is transcriptionally regulated by p53. These in vitro data validate PPAP2C and RNASEH2A as putative cancer targets and endorse this in silico approach for identifying novel candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Flanagan
- Cancer Research UK Viral Oncology Group, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 74 Huntley Street, London, United Kingdom WC1E 6BT.
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Identification of a shared genetic susceptibility locus for coronary heart disease and periodontitis. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000378. [PMID: 19214202 PMCID: PMC2632758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate a mutual epidemiological relationship between coronary heart disease (CHD) and periodontitis. Both diseases are associated with similar risk factors and are characterized by a chronic inflammatory process. In a candidate-gene association study, we identify an association of a genetic susceptibility locus shared by both diseases. We confirm the known association of two neighboring linkage disequilibrium regions on human chromosome 9p21.3 with CHD and show the additional strong association of these loci with the risk of aggressive periodontitis. For the lead SNP of the main associated linkage disequilibrium region, rs1333048, the odds ratio of the autosomal-recessive mode of inheritance is 1.99 (95% confidence interval 1.33–2.94; P = 6.9×10−4) for generalized aggressive periodontitis, and 1.72 (1.06–2.76; P = 2.6×10−2) for localized aggressive periodontitis. The two associated linkage disequilibrium regions map to the sequence of the large antisense noncoding RNA ANRIL, which partly overlaps regulatory and coding sequences of CDKN2A/CDKN2B. A closely located diabetes-associated variant was independent of the CHD and periodontitis risk haplotypes. Our study demonstrates that CHD and periodontitis are genetically related by at least one susceptibility locus, which is possibly involved in ANRIL activity and independent of diabetes associated risk variants within this region. Elucidation of the interplay of ANRIL transcript variants and their involvement in increased susceptibility to the interactive diseases CHD and periodontitis promises new insight into the underlying shared pathogenic mechanisms of these complex common diseases. Coronary heart disease (CHD) and periodontitis are the most widespread diseases in the Western industrialized world and pose a substantial health threat to populations worldwide. CHD is a leading cause for premature death, and periodontitis is the major cause for tooth loss in adults over 40 years. Both diseases are associated with similar risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, and gender, and both diseases are further characterized by a chronic inflammatory process. In the last year, several genome studies have identified a region of the human genome near the CDKN2A and CDKN2B genes as having an influence on CHD. We show that this genetic region, being the most important susceptibility locus for CHD to date, is also associated with a substantial risk increase of aggressive periodontitis. The associated genetic region maps to a genomic region that codes for an “antisense RNA,” which partly overlaps regulatory and coding sequences of genes CDKN2A/CDKN2B. The interplay between these common inflammatory complex diseases could be partially due to the shared genetic risk variants of this antisense RNA.
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Suh Y, Afaq F, Johnson JJ, Mukhtar H. A plant flavonoid fisetin induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells by inhibition of COX2 and Wnt/EGFR/NF-kappaB-signaling pathways. Carcinogenesis 2008; 30:300-7. [PMID: 19037088 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and uncontrolled wingless and Int (Wnt)-signaling pathway have long been suggested to play crucial roles in colorectal cancer. Studies show that selective COX2 inhibitors possess great potential as chemopreventive agents for colon cancer. Recent studies suggest that targeting COX2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) may provide better therapeutic strategy than inhibiting either single target and that this may alleviate the problem of COX2 inhibitor-associated side effects. Therefore, there have been intensive efforts to develop novel dietary substances that target COX2 and EGFR activation. Fisetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid commonly found in various vegetables and fruits. We found that the treatment of COX2-overexpressing HT29 human colon cancer cells with fisetin (30-120 microM) resulted in induction of apoptosis, downregulation of COX2 protein expression without affecting COX1 and inhibited the secretion of prostaglandin E2. Treatment of cells with fisetin also inhibited Wnt-signaling activity through downregulation of beta-catenin and T cell factor 4 and decreased the expression of target genes such as cyclin D1 and matrix metalloproteinase 7. Fisetin treatment of cells also inhibited the activation of EGFR and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB). Finally, the formation of colonies in soft agar was suppressed by fisetin treatment. Taken together, we provide evidence that the plant flavonoid fisetin can induce apoptosis and suppress the growth of colon cancer cells by inhibition of COX2- and Wnt/EGFR/NF-kappaB-signaling pathways. We suggest that fisetin could be a useful agent for prevention and treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewseok Suh
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Jiang P, Sangild PT, Sit WH, Ngai HHY, Xu R, Siggers JLA, Wan JMF. Temporal Proteomic Analysis of Intestine Developing Necrotizing Enterocolitis following Enteral Formula Feeding to Preterm Pigs. J Proteome Res 2008; 8:72-81. [DOI: 10.1021/pr800638w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Jiang
- Division of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., P.R. China, Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Science, University of Copenhagen, 30 Rolighedsvej, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Per T. Sangild
- Division of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., P.R. China, Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Science, University of Copenhagen, 30 Rolighedsvej, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Wai-Hung Sit
- Division of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., P.R. China, Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Science, University of Copenhagen, 30 Rolighedsvej, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Heidi Hoi-Yee Ngai
- Division of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., P.R. China, Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Science, University of Copenhagen, 30 Rolighedsvej, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ruojun Xu
- Division of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., P.R. China, Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Science, University of Copenhagen, 30 Rolighedsvej, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jayda Lee Ann Siggers
- Division of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., P.R. China, Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Science, University of Copenhagen, 30 Rolighedsvej, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jennifer Man-Fan Wan
- Division of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., P.R. China, Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Science, University of Copenhagen, 30 Rolighedsvej, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Metabolic signature of breast cancer cell line MCF-7: profiling of modified nucleosides via LC-IT MS coupling. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2007; 8:25. [PMID: 18047657 PMCID: PMC2219991 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-8-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Cancer, like other diseases accompanied by strong metabolic disorders, shows characteristic effects on cell turnover rate, activity of modifying enzymes and DNA/RNA modifications, resulting also in elevated amounts of excreted modified nucleosides. For a better understanding of the impaired RNA metabolism in breast cancer cells, we screened these metabolites in the cell culture supernatants of the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and compared it to the human mammary epithelial cells MCF-10A. The nucleosides were isolated and analyzed via 2D-chromatographic techniques: In the first dimension by cis-diol specific boronate affinity extraction and subsequently by reversed phase chromatography coupled to an ion trap mass spectrometer. Results Besides the determination of ribonucleosides, additional compounds with cis-diol structure, deriving from cross-linked biochemical pathways, like purine-, histidine- and polyamine metabolism were detected. In total, 36 metabolites were identified by comparison of fragmentation patterns and retention time. Relation to the internal standard isoguanosine yielded normalized area ratios for each identified compound and enabled a semi-quantitative metabolic signature of both analyzed cell lines. 13 of the identified 26 modified ribonucleosides were elevated in the cell culture supernatants of MCF-7 cells, with 5-methyluridine, N2,N2,7-trimethylguanosine, N6-methyl-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine and 3-(3-aminocarboxypropyl)-uridine showing the most significant differences. 1-ribosylimidazole-4-acetic acid, a histamine metabolite, was solely found in the supernatants of MCF-10A cells, whereas 1-ribosyl-4-carboxamido-5-aminoimidazole and S-adenosylmethionine occurred only in supernatants of MCF-7 cells. Conclusion The obtained results are discussed against the background of pathological changes in cell metabolism, resulting in new perspectives for modified nucleosides and related metabolites as possible biomedical markers for breast carcinoma in vivo.
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Bordonaro M, Lazarova DL, Sartorelli AC. The activation of beta-catenin by Wnt signaling mediates the effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:1652-66. [PMID: 17359971 PMCID: PMC3919021 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Revised: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Most colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) exhibit constitutively active Wnt signaling. We have reported that (a) the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi)(2) sodium butyrate (NaB) modulates the canonical Wnt transcriptional activity of CRC cells in vitro and (b) a linear relationship exists between the increase in Wnt transcriptional activity and the levels of apoptosis in ten CRC cell lines treated with NaB. Herein we report that structurally different HDACis modulate Wnt signaling in CRC cells and a mechanism involved in this action is an increase in beta-catenin that is dephosphorylated at Ser-37 and Thr-41 residues. The increase of active (Ser-37 and Thr-41 dephosphorylated) beta-catenin in CRC cells treated with HDACis is initiated at the ligand level and the inhibition of this increase suppresses Wnt signaling and lowers the levels of apoptosis. CRC cells that develop resistance to the apoptotic effects of HDACis exhibit lower levels of active beta-catenin compared to apoptosis-sensitive parental cells and this resistance is reversed by increasing the levels of active beta-catenin. Results from comparative studies between HDACi-resistant and HDACi-sensitive cells suggest that non-histone targets of HDACis mediate the effects on Wnt signaling and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darina L. Lazarova
- Address correspondence to: Darina L. Lazarova, Yale University School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 295 Congress Avenue, Room 245, New Haven, CT 06519-1418, Tel: 203-737-4453,
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Ress A, Moelling K. Bcr interferes with beta-catenin-Tcf1 interaction. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:1227-30. [PMID: 16442529 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2005] [Revised: 01/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The beta-catenin/Tcf complex is a downstream effector of the Wnt signalling pathway. It is a transcription complex, which activates gene expression and contributes to proliferation and tumor progression. Tcf1 in complex with beta-catenin is able to activate beta-catenin-dependent gene expression. We demonstrate that expressed Bcr is able to bind the transcription factor Tcf1 to disrupt the Tcf1/beta-catenin complex. Phosphorylation of Bcr by the tyrosine kinase pp60(src) can lead to dissociation of the transcriptionally inactive Bcr/Tcf1 complex. Thus two independent mechanisms may regulate Tcf/beta-catenin-mediated transcription via Bcr: binding to beta-catenin as we have previously shown and to Tcf1 as shown here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Ress
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 30, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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