1
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Portelinha A, Wang S, Parsa S, Jiang M, Gorelick AN, Mohanty S, Sharma S, de Stanchina E, Berishaj M, Zhao C, Heward J, Aryal NK, Tavana O, Wen J, Fitzgibbon J, Dogan A, Younes A, Melnick AM, Wendel HG. SETD1B mutations confer apoptosis resistance and BCL2 independence in B cell lymphoma. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231143. [PMID: 39235528 PMCID: PMC11380151 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The translocation t(14;18) activates BCL2 and is considered the initiating genetic lesion in most follicular lymphomas (FL). Surprisingly, FL patients fail to respond to the BCL2 inhibitor, Venetoclax. We show that mutations and deletions affecting the histone lysine methyltransferase SETD1B (KMT2G) occur in 7% of FLs and 16% of diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL). Deficiency in SETD1B confers striking resistance to Venetoclax and an experimental MCL-1 inhibitor. SETD1B also acts as a tumor suppressor and cooperates with the loss of KMT2D in lymphoma development in vivo. Consistently, loss of SETD1B in human lymphomas typically coincides with loss of KMT2D. Mechanistically, SETD1B is required for the expression of several proapoptotic BCL2 family proteins. Conversely, inhibitors of the KDM5 histone H3K4 demethylases restore BIM and BIK expression and synergize with Venetoclax in SETD1B-deficient lymphomas. These results establish SETD1B as an epigenetic regulator of cell death and reveal a pharmacological strategy to augment Venetoclax sensitivity in lymphoma.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Mice
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Portelinha
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY, USA
| | - Shenqiu Wang
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Parsa
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY, USA
| | - Man Jiang
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander N Gorelick
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sagarajit Mohanty
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY, USA
| | - Soumya Sharma
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY, USA
| | - Marjan Berishaj
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY, USA
| | - Chunying Zhao
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Neeraj K Aryal
- Bioscience, Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca , Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Omid Tavana
- Bioscience, Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca , Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Jiayu Wen
- Division of Genome Sciences and Cancer, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for the Mathematical Analysis of Cellular Systems, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Ahmet Dogan
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hematopathology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anas Younes
- Haematology R&D, AstraZeneca , New York, NY, USA
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Medicine Department, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hans-Guido Wendel
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY, USA
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2
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Bai B, Wise JF, Vodák D, Nakken S, Sharma A, Blaker YN, Brodtkorb M, Hilden V, Trøen G, Ren W, Lorenz S, Lawrence MS, Myklebost O, Kimby E, Pan-Hammarström Q, Steen CB, Meza-Zepeda LA, Beiske K, Smeland EB, Hovig E, Lingjærde OC, Holte H, Myklebust JH. Multi-omics profiling of longitudinal samples reveals early genomic changes in follicular lymphoma. Blood Cancer J 2024; 14:147. [PMID: 39191762 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-024-01124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Advances in treatment have improved overall survival, but early relapse or transformation to aggressive disease is associated with inferior outcome. To identify early genetic events and track tumor clonal evolution, we performed multi-omics analysis of 94 longitudinal biopsies from 44 FL patients; 22 with transformation (tFL) and 22 with relapse without transformation (nFL). Deep whole-exome sequencing confirmed recurrent mutations in genes encoding epigenetic regulators (CREBBP, KMT2D, EZH2, EP300), with similar mutational landscape in nFL and tFL patients. Calculation of genomic distances between longitudinal samples revealed complex evolutionary patterns in both subgroups. CREBBP and KMT2D mutations were identified as genetic events that occur early in the disease course, and cases with CREBBP KAT domain mutations had low risk of transformation. Gains in chromosomes 12 and 18 (TCF4), and loss in 6q were identified as early and stable copy number alterations. Identification of such early and stable genetic events may provide opportunities for early disease detection and disease monitoring. Integrative analysis revealed that tumors with EZH2 mutations exhibited reduced gene expression of numerous histone genes, including histone linker genes. This might contribute to the epigenetic dysregulation in FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyan Bai
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen),, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Jillian F Wise
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, CancerGenomics.no, Oslo, Norway
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Vodák
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, CancerGenomics.no, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigve Nakken
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, CancerGenomics.no, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ankush Sharma
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yngvild Nuvin Blaker
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Brodtkorb
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Division for Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vera Hilden
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild Trøen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Weicheng Ren
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Lorenz
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, CancerGenomics.no, Oslo, Norway
- Genomics Core Facility, Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael S Lawrence
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, CancerGenomics.no, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department for Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eva Kimby
- Unit for Hematology and Department of Medicine at Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qiang Pan-Hammarström
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chloé B Steen
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leonardo A Meza-Zepeda
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, CancerGenomics.no, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Genomics Core Facility, Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Klaus Beiske
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erlend B Smeland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Hovig
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, CancerGenomics.no, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Christian Lingjærde
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Holte
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, CancerGenomics.no, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Oncology, Division for Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - June Helen Myklebust
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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3
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Sarkozy C, Wu S, Takata K, Aoki T, Neriah SB, Milne K, Goodyear T, Strong C, Rastogi T, Hilton LK, Lai D, Sehn LH, Farinha P, Nelson BH, Weng A, Marra M, Scott DW, Craig JW, Steidl C, Roth A. Integrated single cell analysis reveals co-evolution of malignant B cells and tumor micro-environment in transformed follicular lymphoma. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:1003-1017.e6. [PMID: 38861923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Histological transformation of follicular lymphoma (FL) to aggressive forms is associated with poor outcome. Phenotypic consequences of this evolution and its impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain unknown. We perform single-cell whole genome sequencing (scWGS) and transcriptome sequencing (scWTS) of 11 paired pre/post-transformation patient samples and scWTS of additional samples from patients without transformation. Our analysis reveals evolutionary dynamics of transformation at single-cell resolution, highlighting a shifting TME landscape, with an emerging immune-cell exhaustion signature, co-evolving with the shifting malignant B phenotype in a regulatory ecosystem. Integration of scWGS and scWTS identifies malignant cell pathways upregulated during clonal tumor evolution. Using multi-color immunofluorescence, we transfer these findings to a TME-based transformation biomarker, subsequently validated in two independent pretreatment cohorts. Taken together, our results provide a comprehensive view of the combined genomic and phenotypic evolution of malignant cells during transformation and shifting crosstalk between malignant cells and the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Sarkozy
- Hematology Department, Institut Curie, Saint Cloud, France; University PSL, Inserm U1288, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Shaocheng Wu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katsuyoshi Takata
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tomohiro Aoki
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susana B Neriah
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katy Milne
- Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Talia Goodyear
- Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Celia Strong
- Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Tashi Rastogi
- Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Laura K Hilton
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel Lai
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laurie H Sehn
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pedro Farinha
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brad H Nelson
- Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew Weng
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marco Marra
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David W Scott
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey W Craig
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Christian Steidl
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew Roth
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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4
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Watanabe T, Matsuno Y, Wakabayashi M, Maruyama D, Yamamoto K, Kubota N, Shimada K, Asagoe K, Yamaguchi M, Ando K, Ogura M, Kuroda J, Suehiro Y, Tsukasaki K, Tobinai K, Nagai H. Analyzing the risk factors for disease progression within 2 years and histological transformation in patients treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone as first-line treatment: A 15-year follow-up of patients with advanced follicular lymphoma in JCOG0203. Hematol Oncol 2024; 42:e3272. [PMID: 38595316 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent lymphoma that becomes aggressive due to histological transformation (HT), leading to reduced survival. Patients with FL have different clinical courses and various treatment options. Some patients exhibit shorter survival and experience disease progression within 24 months of diagnosis/treatment (POD24); the optimal treatment remains an unmet needs. Thus, identifying factors that predict shorter survival is essential to stratify treatment and prolong the survival of patients with FL. To analyze risk factors for POD24 and HT in patients treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) as first-line treatment, we performed this post-hoc analysis of patients with advanced indolent B-cell lymphoma in a randomized clinical trial wherein six cycles of R-CHOP were administered every 2-3 weeks. The primary analysis showed no differences in outcomes, which enabled the analysis of 248 patients with FL, assigned to two arms. All histopathological specimens from the 300 enrolled patients were reviewed by three expert hematopathologists. Multivariable analysis implicated Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) intermediate (odds ratio [OR] 2.531, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.676-9.466) and high- (OR 2.236, 95% CI 0.160-31.226) risks, B symptoms (OR 2.091, 95% CI 0.747-5.851), and grade 3A (G3A) (OR 1.833, 95% CI 0.634-5.299) as risk factors for POD24. Furthermore, multivariable analysis through a median follow-up of 15.9 years implicated G3A (OR 2.628, 95% CI 0.806-8.575) and high-risk FLIPI (OR 4.401, 95% CI 0.186-104.377) as risk factors for HT. However, an analysis limited to the first 10 years revealed that the prognostic factors elucidated from the longer-term analysis had a greater impact on HT. G3A and high-risk FLIPI may independently predict POD24 and HT, thereby informing treatment stratification of patients with untreated advanced-stage FL in future trials, particularly to address the unmet needs of patients with POD24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Personalized Control Science of Myeloid and Lymphoid Tumors, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsuno
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Pathology Center, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Dai Maruyama
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuko Kubota
- Department of Hematology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Shin-Yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Shimada
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Asagoe
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Japan
| | - Motoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
- Department of Hematological Malignancies, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Michinori Ogura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junya Kuroda
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Youko Suehiro
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsukasaki
- Department of Hematology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kensei Tobinai
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Nagai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Research, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
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5
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Makker J, Wotherspoon A, Tzioni MM, Chen Z, Guo S, Jiang D, Casa C, Cucco F, Du MQ. Relapses in early-stage follicular lymphoma frequently develop via a divergent evolution from their clonally related precursor cells. J Pathol 2024; 262:289-295. [PMID: 38156368 DOI: 10.1002/path.6235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) develops through a stepwise acquisition of cooperative genetic changes with t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH::BCL2 occurring early at the pre-B stage of B-cell development. Patients with FL typically show an indolent clinical course, remitting and relapsing with the eventual development of resistance to treatments. Interestingly, the majority of transformed FL do not progress directly from FL but originate from their clonally related lymphoma precursor (CLP) cells. To examine whether such divergent tumour evolution also underpins the relapses in patients with early-stage FL, we investigated by targeted next-generation sequencing 13 cases (stage I = 9, stage II = 4), who showed complete remission (mean: 5 years; range: 1-11.5 years) following local radiotherapy but subsequently relapsed (≥2 in 5). A clonal relationship between the diagnostic FL and relapses was confirmed in 11 cases. In six cases, common and distinct variants were seen between the paired diagnostic and relapsed lymphomas, indicating their divergent evolution from a CLP. In two cases, different B-cell clones were involved in the diagnostic and relapsed lymphomas, including one case involving two different BCL2 translocations. In the remaining five cases, the relapsed lymphoma developed via a linear progression (n = 4) or a mixed evolutionary path (n = 1). These findings may bear important implications in the routine diagnosis and management of relapsed FL. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Makker
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Maria-Myrsini Tzioni
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zi Chen
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Guo
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dan Jiang
- East Genomic Laboratory Hub, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Calogero Casa
- East Genomic Laboratory Hub, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco Cucco
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ming-Qing Du
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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6
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Huang W, Paul D, Calin GA, Bayraktar R. miR-142: A Master Regulator in Hematological Malignancies and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cells 2023; 13:84. [PMID: 38201290 PMCID: PMC10778542 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNA whose dysregulation is frequently associated with the onset and progression of human cancers. miR-142, an ultra-conserved miRNA with both active -3p and -5p mature strands and wide-ranging physiological targets, has been the subject of countless studies over the years. Due to its preferential expression in hematopoietic cells, miR-142 has been found to be associated with numerous types of lymphomas and leukemias. This review elucidates the multifaceted role of miR-142 in human physiology, its influence on hematopoiesis and hematopoietic cells, and its intriguing involvement in exosome-mediated miR-142 transport. Moreover, we offer a comprehensive exploration of the genetic and molecular landscape of the miR-142 genomic locus, highlighting its mutations and dysregulation within hematological malignancies. Finally, we discuss potential avenues for harnessing the therapeutic potential of miR-142 in the context of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Huang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (W.H.); (G.A.C.)
| | - Doru Paul
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - George A. Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (W.H.); (G.A.C.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Recep Bayraktar
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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7
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Parry EM, Roulland S, Okosun J. DLBCL arising from indolent lymphomas: How are they different? Semin Hematol 2023; 60:277-284. [PMID: 38072721 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a recognized, but unpredictable, clinical inflection point in the natural history of indolent lymphomas. Large retrospective studies highlight a wide variability in the incidence of transformation across the indolent lymphomas and the adverse outcomes associated with transformed lymphomas. Opportunities to dissect the biology of transformed indolent lymphomas have arisen with evolving technologies and unique tissue collections enabling a growing appreciation, particularly, of their genetic basis, how they relate to the preceding indolent lymphomas and the comparative biology with de novo DLBCL. This review summarizes our current understanding of both the clinical and biological aspects of transformed lymphomas and the outstanding questions that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Parry
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sandrine Roulland
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Jessica Okosun
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Haemato-Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK.
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Tzioni M, Wotherspoon A, Chen Z, Cucco F, Makker J, Du M. Divergent evolution of metachronous follicular lymphoma and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue from a common precursor. J Pathol 2023; 261:11-18. [PMID: 37345526 PMCID: PMC10952687 DOI: 10.1002/path.6143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The translocation t(14;18)(q32:q21)/IGH::BCL2 occurs at the pre-B stage of B-cell development in the bone marrow and is insufficient for malignant transformation, although it leads to the formation of in situ follicular B-cell neoplasia (ISFN). Despite that, the translocation is the genetic hallmark of follicular lymphoma (FL), it occurs infrequently in metachronous/synchronous lymphomas, including extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (EMZL), mantle cell lymphoma, and Hodgkin's lymphoma. In each of these scenarios, the two lymphomas often appear to be clonally related by analyses of IGH::BCL2 and/or rearranged IG genes. However, it remains largely unknown whether one lymphoma originates from the other or they develop independently. We studied five cases of metachronous EMZL and FL. In four cases, the two lymphomas were clonally related, as shown by identical IGH::BCL2 and/or rearranged IG genes or shared mutations. There were common and unique mutations between the paired EMZL and FL, indicating that they developed independently from a common premalignant cell population, harbouring IGH::BCL2 in three cases. Furthermore, case 1 presented with three metachronous FLs, and all of them originated from a common precursor cell population via divergent evolution. Our findings highlight the multi-malignant potential of IGH::BCL2-positive B-cells. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria‐Myrsini Tzioni
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Zi Chen
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Francesco Cucco
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jasmine Makker
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Ming‐Qing Du
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's HospitalCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
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9
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Nagy Á, Bátai B, Kiss L, Gróf S, Király PA, Jóna Á, Demeter J, Sánta H, Bátai Á, Pettendi P, Szendrei T, Plander M, Körösmezey G, Alizadeh H, Kajtár B, Méhes G, Krenács L, Timár B, Csomor J, Tóth E, Schneider T, Mikala G, Matolcsy A, Alpár D, Masszi A, Bödör C. Parallel testing of liquid biopsy (ctDNA) and tissue biopsy samples reveals a higher frequency of EZH2 mutations in follicular lymphoma. J Intern Med 2023; 294:295-313. [PMID: 37259686 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent genomic studies revealed enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) gain-of-function mutations, representing novel therapeutic targets in follicular lymphoma (FL) in around one quarter of patients. However, these analyses relied on single-site tissue biopsies and did not investigate the spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of these alterations. OBJECTIVES We aimed to perform a systematic analysis of EZH2 mutations using paired tissue (tumor biopsies [TB]) and liquid biopsies (LB) collected prior to treatment within the framework of a nationwide multicentric study. METHODS Pretreatment LB and TB samples were collected from 123 patients. Among these, 114 had paired TB and LB, with 39 patients characterized with paired diagnostic and relapse samples available. The EZH2 mutation status and allele burden were assessed using an in-house-designed, highly sensitive multiplex droplet digital PCR assay. RESULTS EZH2 mutation frequency was found to be 41.5% in the entire cohort. In patients with paired TB and LB samples, EZH2 mutations were identified in 37.8% of the patients with mutations exclusively found in 5.3% and 7.9% of TB and LB samples, respectively. EZH2 mutation status switch was documented in 35.9% of the patients with paired diagnostic and relapse samples. We also found that EZH2 wild-type clones may infiltrate the bone marrow more frequently compared to the EZH2 mutant ones. CONCLUSION The in-depth spatio-temporal analysis identified EZH2 mutations in a considerably higher proportion of patients than previously reported. This expands the subset of FL patients who most likely would benefit from EZH2 inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Nagy
- HCEMM-SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Bátai
- HCEMM-SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laura Kiss
- HCEMM-SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefánia Gróf
- HCEMM-SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Attila Király
- Hematology and Lymphoma Unit, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Jóna
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical School of Clinical Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Demeter
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hermina Sánta
- Szent György Hospital of County Fejér, Székesfehérvár, Hungary
| | - Árpád Bátai
- Szent György Hospital of County Fejér, Székesfehérvár, Hungary
| | - Piroska Pettendi
- Hetényi Géza Hospital, Clinic of County Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok, Szolnok, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szendrei
- Markusovszky University Teaching Hospital, Szombathely, Hungary
| | - Márk Plander
- Markusovszky University Teaching Hospital, Szombathely, Hungary
| | - Gábor Körösmezey
- Department of Medicine, Military Hospital - Medical Centre, Hungarian Defence Forces, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hussain Alizadeh
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Béla Kajtár
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Krenács
- Laboratory of Tumor Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Botond Timár
- HCEMM-SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Csomor
- HCEMM-SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Tóth
- Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Schneider
- Hematology and Lymphoma Unit, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mikala
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, National Institute for Hematology and Infectious Diseases, South Pest Central Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Matolcsy
- HCEMM-SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Donát Alpár
- HCEMM-SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Masszi
- Hematology and Lymphoma Unit, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Bödör
- HCEMM-SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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10
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Saha A, Jhaveri K, Sarfraz H, Chavez JC. Tisagenlecleucel: CAR-T cell therapy for adult patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:869-876. [PMID: 37599463 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2248878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel) is an anti CD19 CAR-T therapy that has demonstrated clinical activity in R/R large B-cell lymphoma and R/R B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It showed particularly high efficacy in R/R follicular lymphoma (FL) with a manageable toxicity profile. The pivotal ELARA study in R/R FL confirmed these findings and led to the FDA approval of tisa-cel in R/R FL after two lines of systemic therapies. AREAS COVERED We start with an introduction of FL and the current treatment landscape with emphasis on the R/R setting. We review the role of CAR-T in R/R FL with focus on currently available products. We describe the ELARA study at a high level to give a perspective of the patient population that was treated. Finally, we discuss aspects related to product selection and whether bispecific antibodies will challenge the role of CAR-T in FL given their similar efficacy. EXPERT OPINION Tisa-cel is a highly effective therapy for heavily pretreated R/R FL with a toxicity profile that is low grade and manageable. Durable remissions (including high-risk patients) are seen in the pivotal ELARA study. Clinicians should consider early referral of R/R FL patients for assessment and discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Saha
- Department of Medicine/Hematology Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FLUSA
| | - Khushali Jhaveri
- Department of Medicine/Hematology Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FLUSA
| | - Humaira Sarfraz
- Department of Medicine/Hematology Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FLUSA
| | - Julio C Chavez
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL USA
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11
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Schroers-Martin JG, Soo J, Brisou G, Scherer F, Kurtz DM, Sworder BJ, Khodadoust MS, Jin MC, Bru A, Liu CL, Stehr H, Vineis P, Natkunam Y, Teras LR, Song JY, Nadel B, Diehn M, Roulland S, Alizadeh AA. Tracing Founder Mutations in Circulating and Tissue-Resident Follicular Lymphoma Precursors. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1310-1323. [PMID: 36939219 PMCID: PMC10239329 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Follicular lymphomas (FL) are characterized by BCL2 translocations, often detectable in blood years before FL diagnosis, but also observed in aging healthy individuals, suggesting additional lesions are required for lymphomagenesis. We directly characterized early cooperating mutations by ultradeep sequencing of prediagnostic blood and tissue specimens from 48 subjects who ultimately developed FL. Strikingly, CREBBP lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) domain mutations were the most commonly observed precursor lesions, and largely distinguished patients developing FL (14/48, 29%) from healthy adults with or without detected BCL2 rearrangements (0/13, P = 0.03 and 0/20, P = 0.007, respectively). CREBBP variants were detectable a median of 5.8 years before FL diagnosis, were clonally selected in FL tumors, and appeared restricted to the committed B-cell lineage. These results suggest that mutations affecting the CREBBP KAT domain are common lesions in FL cancer precursor cells (CPC), with the potential for discriminating subjects at risk of developing FL or monitoring residual disease. SIGNIFICANCE Our study provides direct evidence for recurrent genetic aberrations preceding FL diagnosis, revealing the combination of BCL2 translocation with CREBBP KAT domain mutations as characteristic committed lesions of FL CPCs. Such prediagnostic mutations are detectable years before clinical diagnosis and may help discriminate individuals at risk for lymphoma development. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1275.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G. Schroers-Martin
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology & Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | - Joanne Soo
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology & Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | - Gabriel Brisou
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Florian Scherer
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology & Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | - David M. Kurtz
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology & Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | - Brian J. Sworder
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology & Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | - Michael S. Khodadoust
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology & Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | - Michael C. Jin
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology & Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | - Agnès Bru
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Chih Long Liu
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology & Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | - Henning Stehr
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology & Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Yasodha Natkunam
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Joo Y. Song
- City of Hope Cancer Research Hospital, Duarte, CA
| | - Bertrand Nadel
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Maximilian Diehn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sandrine Roulland
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Ash A. Alizadeh
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology & Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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12
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Yenamandra AK, Smith RB, Senaratne TN, Kang SHL, Fink JM, Corboy G, Hodge CA, Lu X, Mathew S, Crocker S, Fang M. Evidence-based review of genomic aberrations in diffuse large B cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL, NOS): Report from the cancer genomics consortium lymphoma working group. Cancer Genet 2022; 268-269:1-21. [PMID: 35970109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL, NOS) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification defined DLBCL, NOS and its subtypes based on clinical findings, morphology, immunophenotype, and genetics. However, even within the WHO subtypes, it is clear that additional clinical and genetic heterogeneity exists. Significant efforts have been focused on utilizing advanced genomic technologies to further subclassify DLBCL, NOS into clinically relevant subtypes. These efforts have led to the implementation of novel algorithms to support optimal risk-oriented therapy and improvement in the overall survival of DLBCL patients. We gathered an international group of experts to review the current literature on DLBCL, NOS, with respect to genomic aberrations and the role they may play in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic decisions. We comprehensively surveyed clinical laboratory directors/professionals about their genetic testing practices for DLBCL, NOS. The survey results indicated that a variety of diagnostic approaches were being utilized and that there was an overwhelming interest in further standardization of routine genetic testing along with the incorporation of new genetic testing modalities to help guide a precision medicine approach. Additionally, we present a comprehensive literature summary on the most clinically relevant genomic aberrations in DLBCL, NOS. Based upon the survey results and literature review, we propose a standardized, tiered testing approach which will help laboratories optimize genomic testing in order to provide the maximum information to guide patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini K Yenamandra
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37215, United States.
| | | | - T Niroshi Senaratne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sung-Hae L Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - James M Fink
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Gregory Corboy
- Haematology, Pathology Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Casey A Hodge
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Xinyan Lu
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Susan Mathew
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Susan Crocker
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Min Fang
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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13
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Consequences of genetic variants in miRNA genes. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:6443-6457. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Menegatti J, Nakel J, Stepanov YK, Caban KM, Ludwig N, Nord R, Pfitzner T, Yazdani M, Vilimova M, Kehl T, Lenhof HP, Philipp SE, Meese E, Fröhlich T, Grässer FA, Hart M. Changes of Protein Expression after CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout of miRNA-142 in Cell Lines Derived from Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205031. [PMID: 36291816 PMCID: PMC9600116 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The gene of the human tumor suppressive microRNA-142 (miR-142) carries mutations in about 20% of cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Because microRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate the protein expression of their cognate messenger RNA (mRNAs) targets, we determined the effect of miR-142 knockout on protein expression in two cell lines derived from DLBCL. We found a significant up-regulation of 52 proteins but also a down-regulation of 41 proteins upon miR-142 deletion. Knockout of a miRNA may be used to identify novel targets, and seed-sequence mutants of a miRNA unable to bind to their targets can be used to confirm potential novel targets. With this approach, we identify AKT1S1, CCNB1, LIMA1 and TFRC as novel targets of miR-142. As miR-142 is highly present in the miRNA processing RISC complexes, the deletion of this miRNA might result in its replacement by other miRNAs, thus introducing an additional layer of complexity regarding gene regulation. Abstract Background: As microRNA-142 (miR-142) is the only human microRNA gene where mutations have consistently been found in about 20% of all cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), we wanted to determine the impact of miR-142 inactivation on protein expression of DLBCL cell lines. Methods: miR-142 was deleted by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout in cell lines from DLBCL. Results: By proteome analyses, miR-142 knockout resulted in a consistent up-regulation of 52 but also down-regulation of 41 proteins in GC-DLBCL lines BJAB and SUDHL4. Various mitochondrial ribosomal proteins were up-regulated in line with their pro-tumorigenic properties, while proteins necessary for MHC-I presentation were down-regulated in accordance with the finding that miR-142 knockout mice have a defective immune response. CFL2, CLIC4, STAU1, and TWF1 are known targets of miR-142, and we could additionally confirm AKT1S1, CCNB1, LIMA1, and TFRC as new targets of miR-142-3p or -5p. Conclusions: Seed-sequence mutants of miR-142 confirmed potential targets and novel targets of miRNAs can be identified in miRNA knockout cell lines. Due to the complex contribution of miRNAs within cellular regulatory networks, in particular when miRNAs highly present in RISC complexes are replaced by other miRNAs, primary effects on gene expression may be covered by secondary layers of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Menegatti
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Nakel
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Youli K. Stepanov
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Karolina M. Caban
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Nord
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfitzner
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Maryam Yazdani
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Monika Vilimova
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Tim Kehl
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Lenhof
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stephan E. Philipp
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Friedrich A. Grässer
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.A.G.); (M.H.)
| | - Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.A.G.); (M.H.)
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15
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Genetics of Transformed Follicular Lymphoma. HEMATO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/hemato3040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Histological transformation (HT) to a more aggressive disease–mostly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma–is considered one of the most dismal events in the clinical course of follicular lymphoma (FL). Current knowledge has not found a single biological event specific for HT, although different studies have highlighted common genetic alterations, such as TP53 and CDKN2A/B loss, and MYC translocations, among others. Together, they increase genomic complexity and mutational burden at HT. A better knowledge of HT pathogenesis would presumably help to find diagnostic biomarkers allowing the identification of patients at high-risk of transformation, as well as the discrimination from patients with FL recurrence, and those who remain in remission. This would also help to identify new drug targets and the design of clinical trials for the treatment of transformation. In the present review we provide a comprehensive overview of the genetic events frequently identified in transformed FL contributing to the switch towards aggressive behaviour, and we will discuss current open questions in the field of HT.
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16
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Martínez-Laperche C, Sanz-Villanueva L, Díaz Crespo FJ, Muñiz P, Martín Rojas R, Carbonell D, Chicano M, Suárez-González J, Menárguez J, Kwon M, Diez Martín JL, Buño I, Bastos Oreiro M. EZH2 mutations at diagnosis in follicular lymphoma: a promising biomarker to guide frontline treatment. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:982. [PMID: 36104682 PMCID: PMC9476261 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEZH2 is mutated in nearly 25% of follicular lymphoma (FL) cases. Little is known about how EZH2 affects patients’ response to therapy. In this context, the aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the frequency of mutations in EZH2 at diagnosis in tissue and ctDNA in patients with FL and to assess the patients’ outcomes after receiving immunochemotherapy, depending on the EZH2 mutation status. Among the 154 patients included in the study, 27% had mutated EZH2 (46% with high-grade and 26% with low-grade FL). Of the mutated tissue samples, the mutation in ctDNA was identified in 44% of cases. EZH2 mutation in ctDNA was not identified in any patient unmutated in the tissue.Unmutated patients who received R-CHOP had significantly more relapses than patients who received R-Bendamustine (16/49 vs. 2/23, p = 0.040). Furthermore, our results show that patients with mutated EZH2 treated with R-CHOP vs. those treated with R-Bendamustine present a lower incidence of relapse (10% vs. 42% p = 0.09 at 4 years), a higher PFS (92% vs. 40% p = 0.039 at 4 years), and higher OS (100% vs. 78% p = 0.039 at 4 years). Based on these data, RCHOP could be a more suitable regimen for mutated patients, and R-bendamustine for unmutated patients. These findings could mean the first-time identification of a useful biomarker to guide upfront therapy in FL.
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17
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Hatipoğlu T, Esmeray Sönmez E, Hu X, Yuan H, Danyeli AE, Şeyhanlı A, Önal-Süzek T, Zhang W, Akman B, Olgun A, Özkal S, Alacacıoğlu İ, Özcan MA, You H, Küçük C. Plasma Concentrations and Cancer-Associated Mutations in Cell-Free Circulating DNA of Treatment-Naive Follicular Lymphoma for Improved Non-Invasive Diagnosis and Prognosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:870487. [PMID: 35795062 PMCID: PMC9252432 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.870487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the second most frequent non-Hodgkin lymphoma accounting for 10-20% of all lymphomas in western countries. As a clinically heterogeneous cancer, FL occasionally undergoes histological transformation to more aggressive B cell lymphoma types that are associated with poor prognosis. Here we evaluated the potential of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of follicular lymphoma patients. Twenty well-characterized FL cases (13 symptomatic and 7 asymptomatic) were prospectively included in this study. Plasma cfDNA, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue DNA, and patient-matched granulocyte genomic DNA samples were obtained from 20 treatment-naive FL cases. Ultra-deep targeted next-generation sequencing was performed with these DNA samples by using a custom-designed platform including exons and exon-intron boundaries of 110 FL related genes. Using a strict computational bioinformatics pipeline, we identified 91 somatic variants in 31 genes in treatment-naive FL cases. Selected variants were cross-validated by using PCR-Sanger sequencing. We observed higher concentrations of cfDNA and a higher overlap of somatic variants present both in cfDNA and tumor tissue DNA in symptomatic FL cases compared to asymptomatic ones. Variants known to be associated with FL pathogenesis such as STAT6 p.D419 or EZH2 p.Y646 were observed in patient-matched cfDNA and tumor tissue samples. Consistent with previous observations, high Ki-67 staining, elevated LDH levels, FDG PET/CT positivity were associated with poor survival. High plasma cfDNA concentrations or the presence of BCL2 mutations in cfDNA showed significant association with poor survival in treatment-naive patients. BCL2 mutation evaluations in cfDNA improved the prognostic utility of previously established variables. In addition, we observed that a FL patient who had progressive disease contained histological transformation-associated gene (i.e. B2M and BTG1) mutations only in cfDNA. Pre-treatment concentrations and genotype of plasma cfDNA may be used as a liquid biopsy to improve diagnosis, risk stratification, and prediction of histological transformation. Targeted therapies related to oncogenic mutations may be applied based on cfDNA genotyping results. However, the results of this study need to be validated in a larger cohort of FL patients as the analyses conducted in this study have an exploratory nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tevfik Hatipoğlu
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, İzmir, Turkey
- İzmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Esmeray Sönmez
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, İzmir, Turkey
- İzmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Xiaozhou Hu
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, İzmir, Turkey
- İzmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hongling Yuan
- İzmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ayça Erşen Danyeli
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Şeyhanlı
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Önal-Süzek
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Burcu Akman
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, İzmir, Turkey
- İzmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Aybüke Olgun
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sermin Özkal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - İnci Alacacıoğlu
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Özcan
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hua You
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Can Küçük, ; Hua You,
| | - Can Küçük
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, İzmir, Turkey
- İzmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Can Küçük, ; Hua You,
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18
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Ren W, Wang X, Yang M, Wan H, Li X, Ye X, Meng B, Li W, Yu J, Lei M, Xie F, Jiang W, Kimby E, Huang H, Liu D, Li ZM, Wu K, Zhang H, Pan-Hammarström Q. Distinct clinical and genetic features of hepatitis B virus-associated follicular lymphoma in Chinese patients. Blood Adv 2022; 6:2731-2744. [PMID: 35030632 PMCID: PMC9092402 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been associated with an increased risk for B-cell lymphomas. We previously showed that 20% of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients from China, an endemic area of HBV infection, have chronic HBV infection (surface antigen-positive, HBsAg+) and are characterized by distinct clinical and genetic features. Here, we showed that 24% of follicular lymphoma (FL) Chinese patients are HBsAg+. Compared with the HBsAg- FL patients, HBsAg+ patients are younger, have a higher histological grade at diagnosis, and have a higher incidence of disease progression within 24 months. Moreover, by sequencing the genomes of 109 FL tumors, we observed enhanced mutagenesis and distinct genetic profile in HBsAg+ FLs, with a unique set of preferentially mutated genes (TNFAIP3, FAS, HIST1H1C, KLF2, TP53, PIM1, TMSB4X, DUSP2, TAGAP, LYN, and SETD2) but lack of the hallmark of HBsAg- FLs (ie, IGH/BCL2 translocations and CREBBP mutations). Transcriptomic analyses further showed that HBsAg+ FLs displayed gene-expression signatures resembling the activated B-cell-like subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, involving IRF4-targeted genes and NF-κB/MYD88 signaling pathways. Finally, we identified an increased infiltration of CD8+ memory T cells, CD4+ Th1 cells, and M1 macrophages and higher T-cell exhaustion gene signature in HBsAg+ FL samples. Taken together, we present new genetic/epigenetic evidence that links chronic HBV infection to B-cell lymphomagenesis, and HBV-associated FL is likely to have a distinct cell-of-origin and represent as a separate subtype of FL. Targetable genetic/epigenetic alterations identified in tumors and their associated tumor microenvironment may provide potential novel therapeutic approaches for this subgroup of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Ren
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianhuo Wang
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingyu Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Wan
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaobo Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofei Ye
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bing Meng
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingwei Yu
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyue Lei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fanfan Xie
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenqi Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Eva Kimby
- Unit of Hematology, Department of Medicine at Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Huiqiang Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongbing Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kui Wu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huilai Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Pan-Hammarström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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19
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Pherez-Farah A, López-Sánchez RDC, Villela-Martínez LM, Ortiz-López R, Beltrán BE, Hernández-Hernández JA. Sphingolipids and Lymphomas: A Double-Edged Sword. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2051. [PMID: 35565181 PMCID: PMC9104519 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphomas are a highly heterogeneous group of hematological neoplasms. Given their ethiopathogenic complexity, their classification and management can become difficult tasks; therefore, new approaches are continuously being sought. Metabolic reprogramming at the lipid level is a hot topic in cancer research, and sphingolipidomics has gained particular focus in this area due to the bioactive nature of molecules such as sphingoid bases, sphingosine-1-phosphate, ceramides, sphingomyelin, cerebrosides, globosides, and gangliosides. Sphingolipid metabolism has become especially exciting because they are involved in virtually every cellular process through an extremely intricate metabolic web; in fact, no two sphingolipids share the same fate. Unsurprisingly, a disruption at this level is a recurrent mechanism in lymphomagenesis, dissemination, and chemoresistance, which means potential biomarkers and therapeutical targets might be hiding within these pathways. Many comprehensive reviews describing their role in cancer exist, but because most research has been conducted in solid malignancies, evidence in lymphomagenesis is somewhat limited. In this review, we summarize key aspects of sphingolipid biochemistry and discuss their known impact in cancer biology, with a particular focus on lymphomas and possible therapeutical strategies against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Pherez-Farah
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Mario Villela-Martínez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales 80030, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Hospital Fernando Ocaranza, ISSSTE, Hermosillo 83190, Sonora, Mexico
- Centro Médico Dr. Ignacio Chávez, ISSSTESON, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Rocío Ortiz-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Brady E Beltrán
- Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima 15072, Peru
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima 1801, Peru
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20
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Liu J, Li JN, Wu H, Liu P. The Status and Prospects of Epigenetics in the Treatment of Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:874645. [PMID: 35463343 PMCID: PMC9033274 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.874645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of gene transcription by epigenetic modifications is closely related to many important life processes and is a hot research topic in the post-genomic era. Since the emergence of international epigenetic research in the 1990s, scientists have identified a variety of chromatin-modifying enzymes and recognition factors, and have systematically investigated their three-dimensional structures, substrate specificity, and mechanisms of enzyme activity regulation. Studies of the human tumor genome have revealed the close association of epigenetic factors with various malignancies, and we have focused more on mutations in epigenetically related regulatory enzymes and regulatory recognition factors in lymphomas. A number of studies have shown that epigenetic alterations are indeed widespread in the development and progression of lymphoma and understanding these mechanisms can help guide clinical efforts. In contrast to chemotherapy which induces cytotoxicity, epigenetic therapy has the potential to affect multiple cellular processes simultaneously, by reprogramming cells to achieve a therapeutic effect in lymphoma. Epigenetic monotherapy has shown promising results in previous clinical trials, and several epigenetic agents have been approved for use in the treatment of lymphoma. In addition, epigenetic therapies in combination with chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy have been used in various clinical trials. In this review, we present several important epigenetic modalities of regulation associated with lymphoma, summarize the corresponding epigenetic drugs in lymphoma, and look at the future of epigenetic therapies in lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Gibson SE, Liu YC, Yatsenko SA, Barasch NJ, Swerdlow SH. Histopathologic, immunophenotypic, and mutational landscape of follicular lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:60-68. [PMID: 34601504 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Follicular lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation (FL-PCD) include two major subtypes: one with predominantly interfollicular PCD that usually harbors a BCL2 rearrangement (BCL2-R), and a second that has predominantly intrafollicular PCD and the frequent absence of a BCL2-R. It is proposed that these latter cases share some features with marginal zone lymphomas (MZL). To further explore this hypothesis in an expanded cohort of FL-PCD, a clinicopathologic investigation of 25 such cases was undertaken including an analysis of their mutational landscape. The 10 interfollicular FL-PCDs exhibited typical intrafollicular centrocytes/centroblasts (90%), CD10 expression (90%), full PCD including expression of CD138 by the plasma cells (PC) (100%), and PCs with class-switched immunoglobulin heavy chains (70%). These cases were BCL2-R positive (100%), BCL6-R positive in 30%, lacked extra BCL2 copies, and only 22% had extra copies of BCL6. Similar to classic FLs, 80% of interfollicular FL-PCDs harbored mutations in epigenetic regulators KMT2D (70%), CREBBP (40%), and/or EZH2 (30%). In contrast, only 45% of 11 intrafollicular FL-PCDs demonstrated typical intrafollicular centrocytes/centroblasts, 55% were CD10(-), 80% contained IgM+ PCs, and only 27% harbored BCL2-Rs. BCL6-Rs were identified in 27% of intrafollicular FL-PCD, while 60% showed extra copies of BCL2 and 50% extra copies of BCL6, consistent with complete or partial trisomies of chromosomes 18 and 3, respectively. Only 54% of intrafollicular FL-PCDs showed mutations in epigenetic regulators. Both subtypes showed mutational differences compared to classic FL, but only the interfollicular subtype showed differences from what is reported for nodal MZL. Four additional cases showed mixed intra- and interfollicular PCD. These results suggest that FL-PCD has some distinctive features and supports the existence of two major subtypes. The interfollicular PCD subtype shares many features with classic FL. The intrafollicular FL-PCDs are more heterogeneous, have differences from classic FL, and have a greater morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic overlap with MZL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Gibson
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA. .,University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Yen-Chun Liu
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Svetlana A Yatsenko
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Barasch
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven H Swerdlow
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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22
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Czegle I, Gray AL, Wang M, Liu Y, Wang J, Wappler-Guzzetta EA. Mitochondria and Their Relationship with Common Genetic Abnormalities in Hematologic Malignancies. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1351. [PMID: 34947882 PMCID: PMC8707674 DOI: 10.3390/life11121351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies are known to be associated with numerous cytogenetic and molecular genetic changes. In addition to morphology, immunophenotype, cytochemistry and clinical characteristics, these genetic alterations are typically required to diagnose myeloid, lymphoid, and plasma cell neoplasms. According to the current World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, numerous genetic changes are highlighted, often defining a distinct subtype of a disease, or providing prognostic information. This review highlights how these molecular changes can alter mitochondrial bioenergetics, cell death pathways, mitochondrial dynamics and potentially be related to mitochondrial genetic changes. A better understanding of these processes emphasizes potential novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibolya Czegle
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Austin L. Gray
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Minjing Wang
- Independent Researcher, Diamond Bar, CA 91765, USA;
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Edina A. Wappler-Guzzetta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
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23
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Rai S, Inoue H, Sakai K, Hanamoto H, Matsuda M, Maeda Y, Haeno T, Watatani Y, Kumode T, Serizawa K, Taniguchi Y, Hirase C, Espinoza JL, Morita Y, Tanaka H, Ashida T, Tatsumi Y, Nishio K, Matsumura I. Decreased expression of T-cell-associated immune markers predicts poor prognosis in patients with follicular lymphoma. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:660-673. [PMID: 34837284 PMCID: PMC8819350 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously examined the utility of rituximab-bendamustine (RB) in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) exhibiting less than optimal responses to 2 cycles of the R-CHOP chemotherapy regimen. The aim of this study was to identify molecular biomarkers that can predict prognosis in RB-treated patients in the context of the prospective cohort. We first analyzed the mutational status of 410 genes in diagnostic tumor specimens by target capture and Sanger sequencing. CREBBP, KMT2D, MEF2B, BCL2, EZH2, and CARD11 were recurrently mutated as reported before, however none was predictive for progression-free survival (PFS) in the RB-treated patients (n = 34). A gene expression analysis by nCounter including 800 genes associated with carcinogenesis and/or the immune response showed that expression levels of CD8+ T-cell markers and half of the genes regulating Th1 and Th2 responses were significantly lower in progression of disease within the 24-mo (POD24) group (n = 8) than in the no POD24 group (n = 31). Collectively, we selected 10 genes (TBX21, CXCR3, CCR4, CD8A, CD8B, GZMM, FLT3LG, CD3E, EOMES, GZMK), and generated an immune infiltration score (IIS) for predicting PFS using principal component analysis, which dichotomized the RB-treated patients into immune IIShigh (n = 19) and IISlow (n = 20) groups. The 3-y PFS rate was significantly lower in the IISlow group than in the IIShigh group (50.0% [95% CI: 27.1-69.2%] vs. 84.2% [95% CI: 58.7-94.6%], P = .0237). Furthermore, the IIS was correlates with absolute lymphocyte counts at diagnosis (r = 0.460, P = .00355). These results suggest that the T-cell-associated immune markers could be useful to predict prognosis in RB-treated FL patients. (UMIN:000 013 795, jRCT:051 180 181).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Rai
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Inoue
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Kazuko Sakai
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hanamoto
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Nara Hospital Kindai University, Ikoma, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Maeda
- Department of Hematology, Minami Sakai Hospital, Sakai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Haeno
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Yosaku Watatani
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kumode
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Serizawa
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Taniguchi
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Chikara Hirase
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - J Luis Espinoza
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Morita
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ashida
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Yoichi Tatsumi
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Itaru Matsumura
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Japan
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24
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Kurosawa S, Toya T, Sadato D, Hishima T, Hirama C, Najima Y, Kobayashi T, Haraguchi K, Okuyama Y, Oboki K, Harada H, Sakamaki H, Ohashi K, Harada Y, Doki N. Mutation profiles of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma transformation of splenic B-cell lymphoma/leukemia, unclassifiable on whole-exome sequencing. EJHAEM 2021; 2:854-860. [PMID: 35845190 PMCID: PMC9175768 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A 58-year-old male was diagnosed with splenic B-cell lymphoma/leukemia, unclassifiable (SPLL-U). The lymphoma transformed into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and multidrug chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation achieved complete remission. Two years later, the lymphoma relapsed as SPLL-U. Serial whole-exome sequencing indicated that the mutation profiles were similar between the onset and relapsed samples while those in DLBCL were partially distinctive, which was in line with the clinical course. Hierarchical clustering revealed that an IGLL5 mutation was the founder mutation proceeding the development of the diseases and suggested that KRAS and other mutations might contribute to the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kurosawa
- Hematology DivisionTokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalBunkyo CityJapan
| | - Takashi Toya
- Hematology DivisionTokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalBunkyo CityJapan
| | - Daichi Sadato
- Clinical Research Support CenterTokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalBunkyo CityJapan
- Research Center for Genome & Medical SciencesTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceSetagaya CityJapan
| | - Tsunekazu Hishima
- Department of PathologyTokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalBunkyo CityJapan
| | - Chizuko Hirama
- Clinical Research Support CenterTokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalBunkyo CityJapan
- Research Center for Genome & Medical SciencesTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceSetagaya CityJapan
| | - Yuho Najima
- Hematology DivisionTokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalBunkyo CityJapan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Hematology DivisionTokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalBunkyo CityJapan
| | - Kyoko Haraguchi
- Division of Transfusion and Cell TherapyTokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalBunkyo CityJapan
| | - Yoshiki Okuyama
- Division of Transfusion and Cell TherapyTokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalBunkyo CityJapan
| | - Keisuke Oboki
- Research Center for Genome & Medical SciencesTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceSetagaya CityJapan
| | - Hironori Harada
- Hematology DivisionTokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalBunkyo CityJapan
- Laboratory of OncologySchool of Life SciencesTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life SciencesHachiojiJapan
| | - Hisashi Sakamaki
- Hematology DivisionTokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalBunkyo CityJapan
| | - Kazuteru Ohashi
- Hematology DivisionTokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalBunkyo CityJapan
| | - Yuka Harada
- Clinical Research Support CenterTokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalBunkyo CityJapan
| | - Noriko Doki
- Hematology DivisionTokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases CenterKomagome HospitalBunkyo CityJapan
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Dragomir MP, Knutsen E, Calin GA. Classical and noncanonical functions of miRNAs in cancers. Trends Genet 2021; 38:379-394. [PMID: 34728089 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in microRNAs (miRNAs) expression are causative in the initiation and progression of human cancers. The molecular events responsible for the widespread differential expression of miRNAs in malignancy are exemplified by their location in cancer-associated genomic regions, epigenetic mechanisms, transcriptional dysregulation, chemical modifications and editing, and alterations in miRNA biogenesis proteins. The classical miRNA function is synonymous with post-transcriptional repression of target protein genes. However, several studies have reported miRNAs functioning outside this paradigm and some of these novel modes of regulation of gene expression have been implicated in cancers. Here, we summarize key aspects of miRNA involvement in cancer, with a special focus on these lesser-studied mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihnea P Dragomir
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Erik Knutsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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26
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Alonso-Álvarez S, Manni M, Montoto S, Sarkozy C, Morschhauser F, Wondergem MJ, Guarini A, Magnano L, Alcoceba M, Chamuleau M, Galimberti S, Gomes da Silva M, Holte H, Zucca E, Lockmer S, Aurer I, Marcheselli L, Stepanishyna Y, Caballero Barrigón MD, Salles G, Federico M. Primary refractory follicular lymphoma: a poor outcome entity with high risk of transformation to aggressive B cell lymphoma. Eur J Cancer 2021; 157:132-139. [PMID: 34508995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary refractory (PREF) follicular lymphoma (FL) has a completely different clinical course from that of FL that responds to front-line treatments. In addition to having poor responses to salvage therapies, it seems that patients with PREF are at increased risk of histological transformation (HT). The Aristotle consortium presented the opportunity of investigating the risk of HT in a very large series of cases. Thus, we investigated the risk of HT in patients with PREF FL compared with that of responding patients or in stable disease and ultimately their outcome. METHODS Six thousand three hundred thirty-nine patients from the Aristotle database were included in the analysis. These patients had a histologically confirmed grade 1, 2 or 3a FL diagnosed between 1997 and 2013. The primary end-points were the cumulative incidence (CI) of HT at the first progression or relapse and the survival after transformation. FINDINGS The 5-year CI of HT among patients with PREF was 34% (95% confidence interval (CI): 27-43), whilst it was 7.1% (95% CI: 6.0-8.5) in the group of patients with partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) (PR + SD) and 3.5% (95% CI: 3.0-4.2) in the group of patients achieving complete response (CR). The 5-year survival after relapse (SAR) was 33% (95% CI: 28-39) for the PREF group, 57% (95% CI 54-61) in patients with PR, 51% (95% CI 43-58) in the SD group after first-line therapy and 63% (95% CI: 66-72) in patients with CR after initial treatment (p-value <0.001). The 5-year SAR for those patients with PREF who developed HT was 21% (95% CI: 12-31), clearly diminished when compared with those patients with PREF who did not experience HT (38% [95% CI: 31-44]) (p-value = 0.001). INTERPRETATION Patients with PREF FL have a dismal outcome and an associated very high rate of HT that further worsens their poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alonso-Álvarez
- Department of Haematology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Spain.
| | - Martina Manni
- CHIMOMODepartment, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Montoto
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clémentine Sarkozy
- INSERM 1052, Charles Mérieux Lyon-1 Faculty, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Franck Morschhauser
- Department of Clinical Haematology, CHU Lille, Unite GRITA, Universite de Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Marielle J Wondergem
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Attilio Guarini
- Haematology Unit, IRCCS IstitutoTumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Magnano
- Department of Haematology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Alcoceba
- Department of Hematology, Hospitalario Universitario de Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL) and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Martine Chamuleau
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Galimberti
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Harald Holte
- Department of Oncology, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Emanuele Zucca
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Lockmer
- Dep. of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital and Dep. of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Igor Aurer
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb and Medical School, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Yana Stepanishyna
- CHIMOMODepartment, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Oncohematology, National Cancer Institute, Kiev, Ukraine
| | | | - Gilles Salles
- Gilles SALLES, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Federico
- CHIMOMODepartment, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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27
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High-grade Follicular Lymphomas Exhibit Clinicopathologic, Cytogenetic, and Molecular Diversity Extending Beyond Grades 3A and 3B. Am J Surg Pathol 2021; 45:1324-1336. [PMID: 34334687 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although follicular lymphoma (FL) is usually graded as FL1-2, FL3A, and FL3B, some borderline cases can be observed and led us to investigate the clinicopathologic diversity of grade 3 FL (FL3). Among 2449 FL patients enrolled in Lymphoma Study Association (LYSA) trials, 1921 cases with sufficient material underwent a central pathologic review. The resulting diagnoses comprised 89.6% FL1-2 (n=1723), 7.2% FL3A (n=138), and 0.5% purely follicular FL3B (n=9). The remaining 51 unclassifiable cases (2.7%) exhibited high-grade features but did not meet WHO criteria for either FL3A or FL3B; and were considered as "unconventional" high-grade FL (FL3U). FL3U morphological pattern consisted of nodular proliferation of large cleaved cells or small-sized to medium-sized blast cells. Compared with FL3A, FL3U exhibited higher MUM1 and Ki67 expression, less BCL2 breaks and more BCL6 rearrangements, together with a higher number of cases without any BCL2, BCL6 or MYC rearrangement. FL3U harbored less frequent mutations in BCL2, KMT2D, KMT2B, and CREBBP than FL3A. MYC and BCL2 were less frequently mutated in FL3U than FL3B. Rituximab cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone treated FL3U patients had a worse survival than FL1-2 patients with similar follicular lymphoma international prognostic index and treatment. These results suggest that high-grade FLs encompass a heterogeneous spectrum of tumors with variable morphology and genomic alterations, including FL3U cases that do not strictly fit WHO criteria for either FL3A or FL3B, and display a worse outcome than FL1-2. The distinction of FL3U may be useful to allow a better comprehension of high-grade FLs and to design clinical trials.
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28
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Roberto MP, Varano G, Vinas-Castells R, Holmes AB, Kumar R, Pasqualucci L, Farinha P, Scott DW, Dominguez-Sola D. Mutations in the transcription factor FOXO1 mimic positive selection signals to promote germinal center B cell expansion and lymphomagenesis. Immunity 2021; 54:1807-1824.e14. [PMID: 34380064 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), which instructs the dark zone program to direct germinal center (GC) polarity, is typically inactivated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signals. Here, we investigated how FOXO1 mutations targeting this regulatory axis in GC-derived B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHLs) contribute to lymphomagenesis. Examination of primary B-NHL tissues revealed that FOXO1 mutations and PI3K pathway activity were not directly correlated. Human B cell lines bearing FOXO1 mutations exhibited hyperactivation of PI3K and Stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling, and increased cell survival under stress conditions as a result of alterations in FOXO1 transcriptional affinities and activation of transcriptional programs characteristic of GC-positive selection. When modeled in mice, FOXO1 mutations conferred competitive advantage to B cells in response to key T-dependent immune signals, disrupting GC homeostasis. FOXO1 mutant transcriptional signatures were prevalent in human B-NHL and predicted poor clinical outcomes. Thus, rather than enforcing FOXO1 constitutive activity, FOXO1 mutations enable co-option of GC-positive selection programs during the pathogenesis of GC-derived lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Roberto
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gabriele Varano
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rosa Vinas-Castells
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Antony B Holmes
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Laura Pasqualucci
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pedro Farinha
- Center for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - David W Scott
- Center for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - David Dominguez-Sola
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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29
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Milpied P, Gandhi AK, Cartron G, Pasqualucci L, Tarte K, Nadel B, Roulland S. Follicular lymphoma dynamics. Adv Immunol 2021; 150:43-103. [PMID: 34176559 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent yet challenging disease. Despite a generally favorable response to immunochemotherapy regimens, a fraction of patients does not respond or relapses early with unfavorable prognosis. For the vast majority of those who initially respond, relapses will repeatedly occur with increasing refractoriness to available treatments. Addressing the clinical challenges in FL warrants deep understanding of the nature of treatment-resistant FL cells seeding relapses, and of the biological basis of early disease progression. Great progress has been made in the last decade in the description and interrogation of the (epi)genomic landscape of FL cells, of their major dependency to the tumor microenvironment (TME), and of the stepwise lymphomagenesis process, from healthy to subclinical disease and to overt FL. A new picture is emerging, in which an ever-evolving tumor-TME duo sparks a complex and multilayered clonal and functional heterogeneity, blurring the discovery of prognostic biomarkers, patient stratification and reliable designs of risk-adapted treatments. Novel technological approaches allowing to decipher both tumor and TME heterogeneity at the single-cell level are beginning to unravel unsuspected cell dynamics and plasticity of FL cells. The upcoming drawing of a comprehensive functional picture of FL within its ecosystem holds great promise to address the unmet medical needs of this complex lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Milpied
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Anita K Gandhi
- Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ, United States
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, UMR-CNRS 5535, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Pasqualucci
- Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Karin Tarte
- INSERM U1236, Univ Rennes, EFS Bretagne, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand Nadel
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.
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30
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Follicular lymphoma t(14;18)-negative is genetically a heterogeneous disease. Blood Adv 2021; 4:5652-5665. [PMID: 33211828 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty-five cases of t(14;18)- follicular lymphoma (FL) were genetically characterized by targeted sequencing and copy number (CN) arrays. t(14;18)- FL predominated in women (M/F 1:2); patients often presented during early clinical stages (71%), and had excellent prognoses. Overall, t(14;18)- FL displayed CN alterations (CNAs) and gene mutations carried by conventional t(14;18)+ FL (cFL), but with different frequencies. The most frequently mutated gene was STAT6 (57%) followed by CREBBP (49%), TNFRSF14 (39%), and KMT2D (27%). t(14;18)- FL showed significantly more STAT6 mutations and lacked MYD88, NOTCH2, MEF2B, and MAP2K1 mutations compared with cFL, nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL), and pediatric-type FL (PTFL). We identified 2 molecular clusters. Cluster A was characterized by TNFRSF14 mutations/1p36 alterations (96%) and frequent mutations in epigenetic regulators, with recurrent loss of 6q21-24 sharing many features with cFL. Cluster B showed few genetic alterations; however, a subgroup with STAT6 mutations concurrent with CREBBP mutations/16p alterations without TNFRSF14 and EZH2 mutations was noted (65%). These 2 molecular clusters did not distinguish cases by inguinal localization, growth pattern, or presence of STAT6 mutations. BCL6 rearrangements were demonstrated in 10 of 45 (22%) cases and did not cluster together. Cases with predominantly inguinal presentation (20 of 50; 40%) had a higher frequency of diffuse growth pattern, STAT6 mutations, CD23 expression, and a lower number of CNAs, in comparison with noninguinal cases (5.1 vs 9.1 alterations per case; P < .05). STAT6 mutations showed a positive correlation with CD23 expression (P < .001). In summary, t(14;18)- FL is genetically a heterogeneous disorder with features that differ from cFL, NMZL, and PTFL.
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31
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Chaudhary S, Brown N, Song JY, Yang L, Skrabek P, Nasr MR, Wong JT, Bedell V, Murata-Collins J, Kochan L, Li J, Zhang W, Chan WC, Weisenburger DD, Perry AM. Relative frequency and clinicopathologic characteristics of MYC-rearranged follicular lymphoma. Hum Pathol 2021; 114:19-27. [PMID: 33964277 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MYC rearrangement is a relatively rare genetic abnormality in follicular lymphoma (FL). In this study, we evaluated the relative frequency of MYC rearrangement in 522 cases of FL and studied their clinicopathologic, cytogenetic, and molecular characteristics. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies for MYC (break-apart probe), MYC/IGH, IGH/BCL2, and BCL6 rearrangements were performed on tissue microarrays. Immunohistochemical stains for CD10, BCL2, BCL6, and MYC were performed and scored on MYC-rearranged cases. On 4 FL cases, a custom targeted panel of 356 genes was used for mutation analysis. Ten cases (1.9%) were positive for MYC rearrangement. Histologically, 6 of 10 cases were grade 1-2, and 4 cases were grade 3A. By immunohistochemistry, 9 of 9 tested cases were CD10+, all cases were BCL6+, and 9/10 cases were BCL2+. MYC protein staining was low in all cases tested. IGH/BCL2 rearrangement was detected in 5 of 9 cases, whereas BCL6 rearrangement was detected in 3 of 7 tested cases and 4 of 10 cases showed MYC/IGH rearrangement. The most commonly detected mutations in the MYC-positive cases included HLA-B, TNFRSF14, and KMT2D. MYC and/or B2M abnormalities were detected in 2 cases. In conclusion, MYC rearrangement is uncommon in FL and these cases do not appear to have specific histologic characteristics. Molecular analysis showed abnormalities in genes associated with transformation, namely MYC and B2M. Larger studies are needed to evaluate if MYC-rearrangement in FL has prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Chaudhary
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Noah Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Joo Y Song
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0W2, Canada; Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Pamela Skrabek
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0W2, Canada; Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Michel R Nasr
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Jerry T Wong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Victoria Bedell
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Joyce Murata-Collins
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Lindsay Kochan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0W2, Canada; Shared Health Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3C 3H8, Canada
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Dennis D Weisenburger
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Anamarija M Perry
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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32
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Mosquera Orgueira A, Ferreiro Ferro R, Díaz Arias JÁ, Aliste Santos C, Antelo Rodríguez B, Bao Pérez L, Alonso Vence N, Bendaña López Á, Abuin Blanco A, Melero Valentín P, Peleteiro Raindo A, Cid López M, Pérez Encinas MM, González Pérez MS, Fraga Rodríguez MF, Bello López JL. Detection of new drivers of frequent B-cell lymphoid neoplasms using an integrated analysis of whole genomes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248886. [PMID: 33945543 PMCID: PMC8096002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders exhibit a diverse spectrum of diagnostic entities with heterogeneous behaviour. Multiple efforts have focused on the determination of the genomic drivers of B-cell lymphoma subtypes. In the meantime, the aggregation of diverse tumors in pan-cancer genomic studies has become a useful tool to detect new driver genes, while enabling the comparison of mutational patterns across tumors. Here we present an integrated analysis of 354 B-cell lymphoid disorders. 112 recurrently mutated genes were discovered, of which KMT2D, CREBBP, IGLL5 and BCL2 were the most frequent, and 31 genes were putative new drivers. Mutations in CREBBP, TNFRSF14 and KMT2D predominated in follicular lymphoma, whereas those in BTG2, HTA-A and PIM1 were more frequent in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Additionally, we discovered 31 significantly mutated protein networks, reinforcing the role of genes such as CREBBP, EEF1A1, STAT6, GNA13 and TP53, but also pointing towards a myriad of infrequent players in lymphomagenesis. Finally, we report aberrant expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressors associated with novel noncoding mutations (DTX1 and S1PR2), and new recurrent copy number aberrations affecting immune check-point regulators (CD83, PVR) and B-cell specific genes (TNFRSF13C). Our analysis expands the number of mutational drivers of B-cell lymphoid neoplasms, and identifies several differential somatic events between disease subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Mosquera Orgueira
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Roi Ferreiro Ferro
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - José Ángel Díaz Arias
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carlos Aliste Santos
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Antelo Rodríguez
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Laura Bao Pérez
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Natalia Alonso Vence
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ággeles Bendaña López
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Aitor Abuin Blanco
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Paula Melero Valentín
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - And´res Peleteiro Raindo
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Miguel Cid López
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Manuel Mateo Pérez Encinas
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Marta Sonia González Pérez
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Máximo Francisco Fraga Rodríguez
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - José Luis Bello López
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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The Multifaceted Role and Utility of MicroRNAs in Indolent B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040333. [PMID: 33806113 PMCID: PMC8064455 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal B-cell development is a tightly regulated complex procedure, the deregulation of which can lead to lymphomagenesis. One common group of blood cancers is the B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), which can be categorized according to the proliferation and spread rate of cancer cells into indolent and aggressive ones. The most frequent indolent B-cell NHLs are follicular lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that can greatly influence protein expression. Based on the multiple interactions among miRNAs and their targets, complex networks of gene expression regulation emerge, which normally are essential for proper B-cell development. Multiple miRNAs have been associated with B-cell lymphomas, as the deregulation of these complex networks can lead to such pathological states. The aim of the present review is to summarize the existing information regarding the multifaceted role of miRNAs in indolent B-cell NHLs, affecting the main B-cell subpopulations. We attempt to provide insight into their biological function, the complex miRNA-mRNA interactions, and their biomarker utility in these malignancies. Lastly, we address the limitations that hinder the investigation of the role of miRNAs in these lymphomas and discuss ways that these problems could be overcome in the future.
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Kaiser LM, Harms M, Sauter D, Rawat VPS, Glitscher M, Hildt E, Tews D, Hunter Z, Münch J, Buske C. Targeting of CXCR4 by the Naturally Occurring CXCR4 Antagonist EPI-X4 in Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:826. [PMID: 33669329 PMCID: PMC7920274 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 expression and downstream signaling have been identified as key factors in malignant hematopoiesis. Thus, up to 40% of all patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) carry an activating mutation of CXCR4 that leads to a more aggressive clinical course and inferior outcome upon treatment with the Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib. Nevertheless, little is known about physiological mechanisms counteracting CXCR4 signaling in hematopoietic neoplasms. Recently, the endogenous human peptide EPI-X4 was identified as a natural CXCR4 antagonist that effectively blocks CXCL12-mediated receptor internalization and suppresses the migration and invasion of cancer cells towards a CXCL12 gradient. Here, we demonstrate that EPI-X4 efficiently binds to CXCR4 of WM cells and decreases their migration towards CXCL12. The CXCR4 inhibitory activity of EPI-X4 is accompanied by reduced expression of genes involved in MAPK signaling and energy metabolism. Notably, the anti-WM activity of EPI-X4 could be further augmented by the rational design of EPI-X4 derivatives showing higher binding affinity to CXCR4. In summary, these data demonstrate that a naturally occurring anti-CXCR4 peptide is able to interfere with WM cell behaviour, and that optimized derivatives of EPI-X4 may represent a promising approach in suppressing growth promoting CXCR4 signaling in WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marie Kaiser
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (L.M.K.); (V.P.S.R.)
| | - Mirja Harms
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.H.); (D.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Daniel Sauter
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.H.); (D.S.); (J.M.)
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vijay P. S. Rawat
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (L.M.K.); (V.P.S.R.)
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi 110067, India
| | - Mirco Glitscher
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany; (M.G.); (E.H.)
| | - Eberhard Hildt
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany; (M.G.); (E.H.)
| | - Daniel Tews
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Zachary Hunter
- Bing Center for Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.H.); (D.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Christian Buske
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (L.M.K.); (V.P.S.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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35
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Kaiser LM, Hunter ZR, Treon SP, Buske C. CXCR4 in Waldenström's Macroglobulinema: chances and challenges. Leukemia 2021; 35:333-345. [PMID: 33273682 PMCID: PMC7862063 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is one of the major aims in cancer research to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms which initiate and maintain tumor growth and to translate these findings into novel clinical diagnostic and therapeutic concepts with the ultimate goal to improve patient care. One of the greater success stories in this respect has been Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia (WM), which is an incurable B-cell neoplasm characterized by serum monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) and clonal lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltrating the bone marrow. Recent years have succeeded to describe the molecular landscape of WM in detail, highlighting two recurrently mutated genes, the MYD88 and the CXCR4 genes: MYD88 with an almost constant and recurrent point mutation present in over 90% of patients and CXCR4 with over 40 different mutations in the coding region affecting up to 40% of patients. Intriguingly, both mutations are activating mutations leading in the case of CXCR4 to an indelible activation and perpetual signaling of the chemokine receptor. These data have shed light on the essential role of CXCR4 in this disease and have paved the way to use these findings for predicting treatment response to the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib and novel therapeutic approaches in WM, which might be transferable to other related CXCR4 positive diseases. Well known for its central role in cancer progression and distribution, CXCR4 is highlighted in this review with regard to its biology, prognostic and predictive relevance and therapeutic implications in WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marie Kaiser
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital Ulm, Germany, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Zachary R Hunter
- Bing Center for Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven P Treon
- Bing Center for Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian Buske
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC and University Hospital Ulm, Germany, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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36
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Urbanek-Trzeciak MO, Galka-Marciniak P, Nawrocka PM, Kowal E, Szwec S, Giefing M, Kozlowski P. Pan-cancer analysis of somatic mutations in miRNA genes. EBioMedicine 2020; 61:103051. [PMID: 33038763 PMCID: PMC7648123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background miRNAs are considered important players in oncogenesis, serving either as oncomiRs or suppressormiRs. Although the accumulation of somatic alterations is an intrinsic aspect of cancer development and many important cancer-driving mutations have been identified in protein-coding genes, the area of functional somatic mutations in miRNA genes is heavily understudied. Methods Here, based on the analysis of large genomic datasets, mostly the whole-exome sequencing of over 10,000 cancer/normal sample pairs deposited within the TCGA repository, we undertook an analysis of somatic mutations in miRNA genes. Findings We identified and characterized over 10,000 somatic mutations and showed that some of the miRNA genes are overmutated in Pan-Cancer and/or specific cancers. Nonrandom occurrence of the identified mutations was confirmed by a strong association of overmutated miRNA genes with KEGG pathways, most of which were related to specific cancer types or cancer-related processes. Additionally, we showed that mutations in some of the overmutated genes correlate with miRNA expression, cancer staging, and patient survival. Interpretation Our study is the first comprehensive Pan-Cancer study of cancer somatic mutations in miRNA genes. It may help to understand the consequences of mutations in miRNA genes and the identification of miRNA functional mutations. The results may also be the first step (form the basis and provide the resources) in the development of computational and/or statistical approaches/tools dedicated to the identification of cancer-driver miRNA genes. Funding This work was supported by research grants from the Polish National Science Centre 2016/22/A/NZ2/00184 and 2015/17/N/NZ3/03629.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paulina M Nawrocka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewelina Kowal
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sylwia Szwec
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Giefing
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Kozlowski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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Genetic heterogeneity and prognostic impact of recurrent ANK2 and TP53 mutations in mantle cell lymphoma: a multi-centre cohort study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13359. [PMID: 32770099 PMCID: PMC7414214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular features of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), including its increased incidence, and complex therapies have not been investigated in detail, particularly in East Asian populations. In this study, we performed targeted panel sequencing (TPS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES) to investigate the genetic alterations in Korean MCL patients. We obtained a total of 53 samples from MCL patients from five Korean university hospitals between 2009 and 2016. We identified the recurrently mutated genes such as SYNE1, ATM, KMT2D, CARD11, ANK2, KMT2C, and TP53, which included some known drivers of MCL. The mutational profiles of our cohort indicated genetic heterogeneity. The significantly enriched pathways were mainly involved in gene expression, cell cycle, and programmed cell death. Multivariate analysis revealed that ANK2 mutations impacted the unfavourable overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] 3.126; P = 0.032). Furthermore, TP53 mutations were related to worse progression-free survival (HR 7.813; P = 0.043). Among the recurrently mutated genes with more than 15.0% frequency, discrepancies were found in only 5 genes from 4 patients, suggesting comparability of the TPS to WES in practical laboratory settings. We provide the unbiased genetic landscape that might contribute to MCL pathogenesis and recurrent genes conferring unfavourable outcomes.
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38
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Song JY, Egan C, Bouska AC, Zhang W, Gong Q, Venkataraman G, Herrera AF, Chen L, Ottesen R, Niland JC, Bedell V, Valle-Catuna M, Murata-Collins J, Weisenburger DD, Iqbal J, Jaffe ES, Chan WC. Genomic characterization of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma transformation of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Leukemia 2020; 34:2238-2242. [PMID: 32054999 PMCID: PMC8499090 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joo Y Song
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Caoimhe Egan
- Hematopathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alyssa C Bouska
- Department of Pathology, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Qiang Gong
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Alex F Herrera
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Information Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Ottesen
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Discovery Science, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Joyce C Niland
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Discovery Science, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Bedell
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Maria Valle-Catuna
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Javeed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Elaine S Jaffe
- Hematopathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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39
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Demosthenous C, Gupta SK, Sun J, Wang Y, Troska TP, Gupta M. Deregulation of Polycomb Repressive Complex-2 in Mantle Cell Lymphoma Confers Growth Advantage by Epigenetic Suppression of cdkn2b. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1226. [PMID: 32850364 PMCID: PMC7396700 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) maintains the transcriptional repression of target genes through its catalytic component enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Through modulating critical gene expression, EZH2 also plays a role in cancer development and progression by promoting cancer cell survival and invasion. Mutations in EZH2 are prevalent in certain B-cell lymphoma subtypes such as diffuse large cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma; while no EZH2 mutation has been reported in the mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Here we demonstrate that the PRC2 components EZH2, EED and SUZ12 are upregulated in the MCL cells as compared to normal B-cells. Moreover, stably transfected cells with wild-type EZH2 or-EED showed increased cell growth and H3K27-trimehtylation. However, unlike wild-type EZH2, ectopic expression of a deletion construct of EZH2 (EZH2Δ550−738 lacking SET domain) had no growth advantage over control cells. Pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 suppressed H3K27me3 and had significant inhibitory effect on cell growth and colony forming capacity (p < 0.05) of MCL cells, and this effect was more or less comparable to the anti-proliferative effects of EZH2 inhibition in cells harboring EZH2-mutation. Mechanistically, EZH2 appears to downregulate expression of cdkn2b gene via enhanced H3K27me3, a well-known suppressive epigenetic mark, at the cdkn2b promoter region. Overall, these results highlight that deregulation of PRC2/EZH2 is associated with epigenetic suppression of cdkn2b in MCL, and in part responsible for increased cell growth, thus the EZH2 inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in the patients with MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shiv K Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, GW Cancer Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Yongsen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, GW Cancer Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Mamta Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, GW Cancer Center, Washington, DC, United States
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40
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Csernus B, Timár B, Fülöp Z, Matolcsy A. Grade I, II and III Follicular Lymphomas Express Ig V H Genes with Different Patterns of Somatic Mutation. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:2765-2772. [PMID: 32705429 PMCID: PMC7471144 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-020-00843-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, B-cell, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with varying cytological appearance and clinical behavior. The genetic hallmark of FL is the t(14;18) translocation, and as a germinal center derived entity it is also characterized by somatic hypermutation of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene. In an attempt to correlate this molecular signature with the cytological grading of FL, we have analyzed the IgH variable (IgVH), regions in all cytological grades of FL. Four FL cases showing t(14;18) translocation were classified into grade I-III categories according to the current WHO guidelines. The IgVH gene segments were PCR-amplified, sequenced, and compared to their respective germline IgVH sequences. The neoplastic cells of grade I and II FLs revealed clonally related, but highly divergent IgVH gene sequences indicating the ongoing nature of somatic hypermutation. Grade III FL also showed extensive presence of somatic hypermutation, but these mutations were not associated with intraclonal divergence. Thus, these results suggest that grade I-II and grade III FL may represent different biological entities. The presence of ongoing somatic hypermutation of IgVH sequences in grade I and II FLs is compatible with direct follicular origin of these tumor cells, contrasting the homogenous, stable clones of grade III FL resembling a post-follicular stage of B-cell development. Our findings demonstrate that contrary to the three tiered cytological grading, molecular features of IgH genes classify FL into two distinct subcategories. These studies also suggest that with progression FL gains post-follicular–like molecular features and becomes independent of the germinal center microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Csernus
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Botond Timár
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Fülöp
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - András Matolcsy
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.
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Sarkozy C, Ribrag V. Novel agents for mantle cell lymphoma: molecular rational and clinical data. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:555-566. [PMID: 32321318 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1760245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that is characterized by the translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) and a poor response to rituximab-anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Intensive regimens offer durable response, but a subgroup of MCL patients will not be eligible for those regimens and hence are candidates for less toxic, novel therapies based on a more tailored personalized approach. AREAS COVERED This article examines the molecular landscape of MCL, drug resistance mechanisms, and the data on emerging targeted therapies. EXPERT OPINION DNA damage pathway, ATM mutation, TP53, and epigenetic abnormalities are key drivers of MCL. sBCL2, PARP, ATR, CDK inhibitors or epigenetic modifiers are among the most promising drugs under investigation in clinical trials. The genomic landscape of MCL suggests two types of disease based on the presence of ATM or TP53 alterations which should be the framework of future molecular driven strategies. Among novel drugs, those interacting with the DNA damage response pathway offer the most effective rational for their use in MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Sarkozy
- Centre National de la Recherche UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de lyon, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)-S1052 , Lyon, France
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42
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Cucco F, Barrans S, Sha C, Clipson A, Crouch S, Dobson R, Chen Z, Thompson JS, Care MA, Cummin T, Caddy J, Liu H, Robinson A, Schuh A, Fitzgibbon J, Painter D, Smith A, Roman E, Tooze R, Burton C, Davies AJ, Westhead DR, Johnson PWM, Du MQ. Distinct genetic changes reveal evolutionary history and heterogeneous molecular grade of DLBCL with MYC/BCL2 double-hit. Leukemia 2020; 34:1329-1341. [PMID: 31844144 PMCID: PMC7192846 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0691-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Using a Burkitt lymphoma-like gene expression signature, we recently defined a high-risk molecular high-grade (MHG) group mainly within germinal centre B-cell like diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (GCB-DLBCL), which was enriched for MYC/BCL2 double-hit (MYC/BCL2-DH). The genetic basis underlying MHG-DLBCL and their aggressive clinical behaviour remain unknown. We investigated 697 cases of DLBCL, particularly those with MYC/BCL2-DH (n = 62) by targeted sequencing and gene expression profiling. We showed that DLBCL with MYC/BCL2-DH, and those with BCL2 translocation, harbour the characteristic mutation signatures that are associated with follicular lymphoma and its high-grade transformation. We identified frequent MYC hotspot mutations that affect the phosphorylation site (T58) and its adjacent amino acids, which are important for MYC protein degradation. These MYC mutations were seen in a subset of cases with MYC translocation, but predominantly in those of MHG. The mutations were more frequent in double-hit lymphomas with IG as the MYC translocation partner, and were associated with higher MYC protein expression and poor patient survival. DLBCL with MYC/BCL2-DH and those with BCL2 translocation alone are most likely derived from follicular lymphoma or its precursor lesion, and acquisition of MYC pathogenic mutations may augment MYC function, resulting in aggressive clinical behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cucco
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sharon Barrans
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Chulin Sha
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Simon Crouch
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Rachel Dobson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Matthew A Care
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Thomas Cummin
- Cancer Research UK Centre and Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Josh Caddy
- Cancer Research UK Centre and Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hongxiang Liu
- Haematopathology and Oncology Diagnostics Service, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne Robinson
- Haematopathology and Oncology Diagnostics Service, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Schuh
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jude Fitzgibbon
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Daniel Painter
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Eve Roman
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Reuben Tooze
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Catherine Burton
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Andrew J Davies
- Cancer Research UK Centre and Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Peter W M Johnson
- Cancer Research UK Centre and Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ming-Qing Du
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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43
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Ashby C, Rutherford M, Bauer MA, Peterson EA, Wang Y, Boyle EM, Wardell CP, Walker BA. TarPan: an easily adaptable targeted sequencing panel viewer for research and clinical use. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:144. [PMID: 32293247 PMCID: PMC7158102 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-3477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of cancer genomics continually matures as the number of patient samples sequenced increases. As more data is generated, oncogenic drivers for specific cancer types are discovered along with their associated risks. This in turn leads to potential treatment strategies that pave the way to precision medicine. However, significant financial and analytical barriers make it infeasible to sequence the entire genome of every patient. In contrast, targeted sequencing panels give reliable information on relevant portions of the genome at a fiscally responsible cost. Therefore, we have created the Targeted Panel (TarPan) Viewer, a software tool, to investigate this type of data. RESULTS TarPan Viewer helps investigators understand data from targeted sequencing data by displaying the information through a web browser interface. Through this interface, investigators can easily observe copy number changes, mutations, and structural events in cancer samples. The viewer runs in R Shiny with a robust SQLite backend and its input is generated from bioinformatic algorithms reliably described in the literature. Here we show the results from using TarPan Viewer on publicly available follicular lymphoma, breast cancer, and multiple myeloma data. In addition, we have tested and utilized the viewer internally, and this data has been used in high-impact peer-reviewed publications. CONCLUSIONS We have designed a flexible, simple to setup viewer that is easily adaptable to any type of cancer targeted sequencing, and has already proven its use in a research laboratory environment. Further, we believe with deeper sequencing and/or more targeted application it could be of use in the clinic in conjunction with an appropriate targeted sequencing panel as a cost-effective diagnostic test, especially in cancers such as acute leukemia or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that require rapid interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Ashby
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA. .,Cancer Institute: Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Michael Rutherford
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Cancer Institute: Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Michael A Bauer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Cancer Institute: Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Erich A Peterson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Cancer Institute: Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Eileen M Boyle
- Cancer Institute: Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Christopher P Wardell
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Cancer Institute: Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Brian A Walker
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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44
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Wright GW, Huang DW, Phelan JD, Coulibaly ZA, Roulland S, Young RM, Wang JQ, Schmitz R, Morin RD, Tang J, Jiang A, Bagaev A, Plotnikova O, Kotlov N, Johnson CA, Wilson WH, Scott DW, Staudt LM. A Probabilistic Classification Tool for Genetic Subtypes of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma with Therapeutic Implications. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:551-568.e14. [PMID: 32289277 PMCID: PMC8459709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of precision medicine approaches for diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is confounded by its pronounced genetic, phenotypic, and clinical heterogeneity. Recent multiplatform genomic studies revealed the existence of genetic subtypes of DLBCL using clustering methodologies. Here, we describe an algorithm that determines the probability that a patient's lymphoma belongs to one of seven genetic subtypes based on its genetic features. This classification reveals genetic similarities between these DLBCL subtypes and various indolent and extranodal lymphoma types, suggesting a shared pathogenesis. These genetic subtypes also have distinct gene expression profiles, immune microenvironments, and outcomes following immunochemotherapy. Functional analysis of genetic subtype models highlights distinct vulnerabilities to targeted therapy, supporting the use of this classification in precision medicine trials.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Heterogeneity
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/classification
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Precision Medicine
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- George W Wright
- Biometric Research Branch, Division of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Da Wei Huang
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James D Phelan
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zana A Coulibaly
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandrine Roulland
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryan M Young
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James Q Wang
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Roland Schmitz
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryan D Morin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Tang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Aixiang Jiang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Calvin A Johnson
- Office of Intramural Research, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wyndham H Wilson
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David W Scott
- British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Louis M Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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45
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Esmeray E, Küçük C. Genetic alterations in B cell lymphoma subtypes as potential biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, and disease monitoring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 44:1-14. [PMID: 32123491 PMCID: PMC7049453 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1908-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neoplastic transformation of germinal center B (GCB) cells may give rise to a variety of different B cell lymphoma subtypes, most of which show substantial heterogeneity in terms of genetic alterations and clinical features. The mutations observed in cancer-related genes in GCB cells are related to abnormalities in the immunogenetic mechanisms associated with germinal center reaction. Recent studies have rapidly identified genomic alterations in B cell lymphomas that may be useful for better subclassification, noninvasive diagnosis, and prediction of response to therapy. The WHO recognizes different lymphoma subsets classified within 2 major categories of B cell lymphoma: Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) and B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), each with distinct genetic aberrations, including chromosomal translocations, copy number abnormalities, or point mutations. Next-generation sequencing-based technologies have allowed cancer researchers to identify somatic mutations and gene expression signatures at a rapid pace so that novel diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets, can be discovered much faster than before. Indeed, deep sequencing studies have recently revealed that lymphoma-specific somatic mutations may be detected in cell-free circulating DNA obtained from the peripheral blood of B cell lymphoma patients, suggesting the possibility of minimally invasive diagnosis, monitoring, and predicting response to therapy of B cell lymphoma patients. In this study, the current status of the recurrent genetic aberrations observed during diagnosis and/or relapse in HL and the major subtypes of B cell NHL (i.e. diffuse large B cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and Burkitt lymphoma) are discussed to shed light on their potential use as noninvasive diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and to reveal their role in lymphomagenesis as a target in therapy for newly diagnosed and chemotherapy-resistant cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Esmeray
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, İzmir Turkey.,İzmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir Turkey
| | - Can Küçük
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, İzmir Turkey.,İzmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir Turkey
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46
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Randall C, Fedoriw Y. Pathology and diagnosis of follicular lymphoma and related entities. Pathology 2019; 52:30-39. [PMID: 31791624 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, mature B-cell neoplasm classically characterised by the t(14;18)(q32;q21) with constitutive overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein, BCL2. Most cases present in older adults with slowly progressive lymphadenopathy and follow an indolent clinical course. Typical morphology shows an expansile follicular proliferation with tumour expression of germinal centre markers, and bone marrow involvement at diagnosis is frequent. However, in the recent past, efforts to understand the biological and clinical heterogeneity of FL has effected significant change to the diagnostic approach. While morphological grade, assessed by enumerating large 'centroblasts' in the neoplastic follicles, generally correlates with outcome in systemic nodal FL, variants with high-grade morphology but indolent clinical behaviour have been identified. Given the clinical implications of these FL variants, knowledge of their clinical and histopathological defining features is of paramount importance to the pathologist. Furthermore, as with many areas of diagnostic oncology, precursors to FL have been identified and described with measurable rates of progression to bona fide lymphoma. Accurate diagnosis of these early lesions can often prevent unnecessary therapy and guide appropriate monitoring for disease progression. This review aims to summarise these key pathological and diagnostic features of FL. We further highlight the biological underpinnings of FL that will likely affect the classification, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Randall
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematopathology, University of North Carolina, NC Cancer Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yuri Fedoriw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematopathology, University of North Carolina, NC Cancer Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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47
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Li B, Chng WJ. EZH2 abnormalities in lymphoid malignancies: underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:118. [PMID: 31752930 PMCID: PMC6868783 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which along with other PRC2 components mediates gene expression suppression via the methylation of Histone H3 at lysine 27. Recent studies have revealed a dichotomous role of EZH2 in physiology and in the pathogenesis of cancer. While it plays an essential role in the development of the lymphoid system, its deregulation, whether due to genetic or non-genetic causes, promotes B cell- and T cell-related lymphoma or leukemia. These findings triggered a boom in the development of therapeutic EZH2 inhibitors in recent years. Here, we discuss physiologic and pathogenic function of EZH2 in lymphoid context, various internal causes of EZH2 aberrance and how EZH2 modulates lymphomagenesis through epigenetic silencing, post-translational modifications (PTMs), orchestrating with surrounding tumor micro-environment and associating with RNA or viral partners. We also summarize different strategies to directly inhibit PRC2-EZH2 or to intervene EZH2 upstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boheng Li
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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48
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Ohmoto A, Fuji S. Histological transformation in malignant lymphoma: a possible role of PET/CT and circulating tumor DNA as noninvasive diagnostic tools. Expert Rev Hematol 2019; 13:23-30. [PMID: 31701788 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2020.1690987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Transformation is a multi-step event wherein indolent lymphomas, such as follicular lymphomas, are converted into an aggressive subtype, such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This process progresses not only through mutations in several of the causative genes, such as TP53, CDKN2A/B, or MYC, but also through epigenetic or micro-environmental changes. Excisional biopsy is recommended when transformation is clinically suspected.Areas covered: The authors summarized the current knowledge regarding the clinicopathological and molecular features of transformed lymphomas and discussed the relevance of re-biopsy in the diagnosis of transformation, comparing it with noninvasive diagnostic tools [fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis].Expert opinion: Pathological confirmation by biopsy is considered the golden standard for diagnosis and is indispensable for determining subsequent treatment strategies. The potential weakness of this approach is its invasiveness and the unavailability of pathological findings outside the biopsied areas. In the context of relapse, PET/CT is used mainly for the selection of the best suitable biopsy site, while ctDNA has the potential for detecting systemic genomic changes associated with relapse before clinical presentation. Future investigations should be focused on combining biopsies with new technologies for an early and accurate diagnosis of transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ohmoto
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Fuji
- Department of Hematology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
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49
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Lamaison C, Tarte K. Impact of B cell/lymphoid stromal cell crosstalk in B-cell physiology and malignancy. Immunol Lett 2019; 215:12-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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50
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Boughan KM, Caimi PF. Follicular Lymphoma: Diagnostic and Prognostic Considerations in Initial Treatment Approach. Curr Oncol Rep 2019; 21:63. [DOI: 10.1007/s11912-019-0808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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